Frames are usually called cheap houses, and relate to them with caution. In fact, economical, and elite housing is also erected in framework technology. Framework technologies in construction were used since time immemorial - these are half-timbered homes in Europe, and Mazanka in Ukraine. As the most quick-scale and economical frame houses used in the development of the American West, and as the most energy efficient - in the development of Siberia.

Principle frame technology It is that the framework, which is, anterorant-beam design, is erected from durable material - metal or wood, and the walls are filled with thermal efficient and inexpensive materials.

Previously, saman, clay, porous stone used in the walls, and today apply new materials that allow you to make the house even easier and warmer. At the same time, the main advantages of such a building remain unchanged: economy, heat efficiency, the speed of construction, the savings of the area due to the smaller wall thickness.

	1. OSB plate (OSP), base for outdoor decoration; 2. Controlling, forming ventilation gap; 3. Ventilation clearance; 4. Windproof in the form of a vapor-permeable membrane; 5. Fiberation insulation (basalt insulation); 6. Independent dual frame racks; 7. Parosolation; 8. Internal OSB plate (OSP); 9. Glk, base for interior decoration; 10. Layer of interior decoration.
	1. Waterproofing, windproof film (diffusion membrane); 2. Heat insulation with a thickness of 150 mm.; 3. Sheet of OSP thickness 9-12 mm.; 4. Outdoor decoration of the walls of the house (block house, lining, imitation of timber, siding); 5. Coupling from bars 30x40 mm.; 6. Basic frame racks (ram 150x50 mm., With increments of 500-600 mm.); 7. Parosolation; 8. Sheet of OSP with a thickness of 9-12 mm.; 9. Interior wall decoration (plasterboard, lining).
	1. Outdoor wall covering (Isoplaat, Isotex, with a sheet thickness of 25 mm.); 2. Outdoor doom (planed board with a thickness of 25 mm., In increments of 500-600 mm.); 3. Outdoor decoration of the walls of the house (block house, lining, imitation of timber, siding); 4. Basalt insulation thickness of 150-200 mm.; 5. Vaporizolation film; 6. Basic frame racks (70x195 mm ram., 500-600 mm.); 7. Inner casing of walls from an OSP, a thickness of 9-12 mm.
	1. External finish of the house (block house); 2. Dome of bars (50x50 mm.); 3. Waterproofing, windproof film; 4. Sheet OSB-3 (OSP), thickness 12 mm.; 5. Stands of the main frame (ram 150x50 mm.); 6. Insulation with a thickness of 150 mm.; 7. Insulation 50 mm thick.; 8. Dome of bars (50x50 mm.); 9. Parosolation film; 10. Sheet OSB-3 (OSP), thickness 12 mm.; 11. Sheet of plasterboard with a thickness of 12 mm.

Modern skeleton design - Multi-storey, if it is erected, knowledge, experience and care, which far from always inherent in builders are required. As a result, since the frame houses are very sensitive to the quality of construction, an incredulous attitude has been formed. Myths about their negative qualities do not consider.

Myth 1. Frame house is short-lived

Different types of frame houses will serve from 30 to 100 years. This indicator depends on the quality of the frame and the insulation and their safety in the design.

To ensure the durability of materials, it is important to prevent moisture from entering the wall. The durability of the tree and metal under conditions of normal atmospheric humidity and with proper processing exceeds 100 years.

Weak link - insulation. The house with polystyrene foam insulation will serve at least 30 years. The use of a rigid mineral wool material will increase the service life of the building without repairing the wall to 60 years and more. However, these deadlines are justified with high-quality implementation of the house, when fasteners and protective films have a high degree of reliability, providing tightness of the structure for long years.

Metal frame is reliable and can carry serious loads

Significantly reduces the durability of the structure. Use for a raw wood frame. As the tree in the constructed house dries up, racks and beams change their geometry, the casing is disturbed, the slots appear on the joints, so it is necessary to carefully monitor the moisture content of the material for the frame (for this you can use a special device - moisture meter). The tree should be dried natural or artificial (vacuum drying) in the way.

Most often framework made of wood

Summary: Durability of the frame house is 30-100 years old, and depends on the quality of materials and works.

Myth 2. Frame house cold, he will not stand frost

On the contrary, one of the most important merchandise of frame houses is the high energy-saving quality of the walls. They provide a layer of insulation with a thickness of 15-20 cm, located inside the wall between the frame racks. But insulation can be more serious - as in skew houses with increased energy efficiency ,.

Such a solution also levels the bridges of the cold, which occur in the location of the frame racks. The tree, although it has a relatively low thermal conductivity, but still greater than the thermal conductivity of the insulation. The heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall of the standard frame house without an outer insulation is 2.9 m * ° C / W, the design of the "shelter-insulation-insulation" - 3.4 m * ° C / W, and at home with an outer insulation of extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm thick - 4.7 m * ° C / W. The lowest value is already complied with the standards. In addition, the variation of the parameters of the insulation allows the use of the same structures as in the southern and in the northern regions.

Many manufacturers perform a trim from environmentally friendly cement-chipboard. In this case, CSP slabs with stone crumbs were used.

American Frame House Lesson

After the Second World War, tens of thousands of American families moved to the suburbs. This happened thanks to the construction of the houses of the framework design, which were worth several times cheaper than traditional stone. The author of the idea was the builder and businessman Bill Levitt. The first town of Levittown (named as later in his honor) was built in 50 kilometers from New York. "Construction of the Century" began in July 1947 and after three months later the first young families moved to new homes, and then came 100-150 newcomers per week.

In four years, the company has built 17 thousand houses under New York. Levitta was accused of building tonsils, which in a few years break down. But at home justified itself and stood for a long time: about a thousand of them are still exploited. Levitt organized the factory production and conveyor in construction: already ready-made blocks of the house were delivered to the assembly site, builder brigades were narrowly specialized. The house could buy almost everyone (60 years ago they cost 8 thousand dollars). The idea of \u200b\u200bLevitta led to a revolution in world housing construction.

Summary: The frame house is quite warm.

Myth 3. All frame houses are built on the same technology.

The concept of walls in all frame houses are really the same: between the frame racks there is a heater, protected from the inside of a vapor barrier film, with an outer-waterproofing superdiffuse (transmitting pairs) membrane. On both sides of the frame and the insulation are protected by rigid trim, different: oriented chipboard (OSP, OSB), cement-chipstones (CSP), waterproof, drywall sheets (GKC). Similarly, overlaps are arranged.

However, different types of buildings have significant differences in the methods of construction, materials and nuances of the structure. Frame houses are prefabs, since they are mounted from pre-manufactured structures, which are brought to the construction site. The design of structures must be factory - this approach will ensure the accuracy of the size and completeness of the elements. At the same time, the assembly technology of the house may be different:

assembly on the construction site

At the pre-prepared foundation, the framework of the walls is set, they are squeezed, filled with insulation, protected with insulation. In the same way, overlaps, the roof is collected from the harvested elements, then the windows, doors, etc., are installed on the construction site - 3-12 weeks. Work requires thoroughness and strict compliance with the installation requirements - to control this by a non-specialist is difficult.

factory assembly (frame-boiled houses)

The assembly of walls and floors of the house is made in the factory conditions on special technological lines, and already brought to the construction site. They are varying degrees of readiness: from the collected frame structure to completely finished wall panels (with inserted windows and built-in engineering communications), multilayer slabs of overlaps and even roofs. The prefabricated elements must correspond to the design dimensions with an accuracy of a millimeter, and on the construction site they only fasten them among themselves.

The box is erected within 3-7 days depending on the complexity of the project. In a large extent, the quality of the structure depends on the factory work. Therefore, the company supplies prefabricated structures should have an impeccable reputation: then the building will be reliable. Collect the house should specially trained brigade. However, the kit along with detailed instructions can supply the customer for self-assembly. This practice is found in both foreign and domestic frame construction. Houses differ in the framework of the frame:

Wooden frame

Make from the board, one-piece or glued bar (which is the most durable, high-quality and expensive), as well as a wooden 2-way beam (wood + osp + tree). Standard cross section of the rack - 50 x 150 mm. The durability and strength of the house depends on the quality of the tree. The main requirement is the humidity of the sawn timber should not be higher than 18%. Houses with wooden frame are most common.

Metal carcass

Perform from profiles of various configurations collected on bolts. They must have an anti-corrosion coating (be galvanized or painted). The metal frame allows you to arrange large spans of overlaps and openings in the walls (only the frame of the glued timber can be compared with it).

Other differences between frame houses consist in the features of the wall design. Materials, thicknesses and the number of layers of insulation, plating, vapor and waterproofing, the design of overlappings (on beams, farms or panels) can be different. Thus, the generalized name "Canadian houses" does not describe the entire variety of frame structures.

These types can be distinguished:

• houses with wooden frame and insulation from basalt wool and a wall thickness of 18-25 cm (frame and frame-panel);
• houses with metal frame , insulation from basalt wool and wall thickness 18-25 cm (frame);
• frame-shielde. at home with insulation of polystyrene foam and wall thickness 12-25 cm;
• premium Houses with a frame of glued timber , several layers of insulation and wall thickness up to 35-40 cm.

Summary: Frame houses are distinguished by design, assembly technology and heat engineering properties.

What insulated a frame house?

Insulation, which are used in the walls of frame houses, must ensure thermal insulation of the house not lower than the normative layer with a layer thickness of about 15 cm (this figure is determined by the size of the frame cross section).

These requirements are:

mineral (basalt) wool (sufficient thickness - 15 cm). This material also has good sound insulation qualities. The insulation plates should be rigid so that over time their shrinkage and the reduction of energy efficiency of the walls of the house occurred. Basalt Wat is the most common insulation in skewhouse houses.

Mineral Wat - one of the most popular insulation

foamed P. eneopoluretan. (PPU), sufficient thickness 10-12 cm). This is a durable, hard material. His drawback is that during the fire it highlights a poisonous smoke, so in the wall it should be insulated with a trim (which just corresponds to the design of the frame house). Polyurethane foam is used in some types of framework-shield houses of factory manufacture.

extruded expanded polystyrene foam Apply as an additional insulation (layer thickness - 3-10 cm). Put it on the outer bedding of houses to give them increased energy efficiency. This is a high-quality, durable, dear material, it is used in the frame houses of the premium class.

ekwata. - Heatel from cellulose (thickness 20 cm). The material is a homogeneous mass resembling cotton. When the walls are insulation, it is covered between the trim or moisturize and apply on a warmed surface using blowing equipment. With a moist application method, the material, frozen, is tightly grasped with the structures (due to the lignin - wood glue present in it, natural binding). To reduce the flammability, the EcoWhat includes antipyrenes.

walker Wat. - insulation for houses with elevated environmental requirements (thickness - 16-20 cm). It has the shape of rigid plates in which the binding thin fibers of cellulose is natural wood resin.

Another type of eco-friendly insulation - reed (caressing) mats and plates .

Properties of mineral wool

The effectiveness of thermal insulation material for a frame house is made up of several aspects:

• thermal insulation properties
• environmental and fire safety,
• convenience of mounting and durability.

These criteria correspond to plates from mineral wool - non-combustible material, which is especially important to ensure fire safety of wooden frame houses. High-quality stoves from stone wool are not burning, they do not emit smoke and flaming droplets, in addition, they serve as excellent acoustic insulation. Mineral wool is a hydrophobic (almost not absorbing moisture) and plus it does not absorb moisture from the air. The main raw materials in the process of producing this insulation are basalt and gabbro. Molten rocks at a temperature of 1400 ° C are subjected to separation on fibers, forming stone wool. Thermal insulation products from this material with the correct installation and operation are capable of listening over 50 years. The insulation in the frame design should be laid tightly to the racks (the versius is installed), there should be no gaps between thermal insulating plates. Depending on the type of frame design, steam barrier and windproof may be required.

Thermal inertia frame wall

Feature frame wall - Its low thermal inertia (the ability to accumulate heat, and then gradually give it). High inertia inherent in brick, concrete, less - wood, so the cold house with stone walls heats up slowly, and when the heating is turned off, slowly cools. In a frame wall, except for wood, a significant part of the mass is a heater, which heat does not accumulate. This means that the house with frame walls is quickly heated, since it is not consumed heat for heating the wall, but also quickly cools when the heating is turned off. Low thermal inertia is not positive or negative quality, but it must be taken into account.

Walls with high thermal inertia smoothes daily fluctuations in temperatures, and in the house with frame walls they will be more pronounced. In winter, they will have to be smoothed by the dynamism of the heating system (its ability to quickly heat up when turned on and cool when it is turned off, which is more inherent in electrical systems). But from a low-cost wall will never have a cold and dampness. And if necessary, the thermal inertia of the frame house as a whole can be enhanced by the use of a reinforced concrete foundation plate (which is very convenient when erecting such buildings), more solid finishing (for example, when used in the trim two layers of HCL).

Myth 4. The wall of the skeleton house is continuing, it can be broken and climbed into the house

This is the proportion of truth - the brick is stronger, but it's hardly a thieves to break the wall when it is much easier to climb the house through the window or the door. The design of the standard wall of the frame house is similar to the roof design and has about the same thickness. However, it's not easy to destroy it. OSP, which the house is cited outside, the stronger the wood array of similar thickness due to its multi-layer structure. Even stronger CSP. The covering along with the frame gives the wall with the necessary rigidity and stability.

Especially high strength (due to the rigid interconnection of the layers) is the wall from the factory manufacturers and walls of houses with several layers of insulation. The strength of the house itself is also sufficient. Many foreign technologies are designed for seismic sustainability up to 7 points. In addition, due to the ease of construction, frame houses without amplification can be built on soils with a small bearing capacity, without fear of distortion and cracks.

Summary: Frame houses are durable and resistant to natural cataclysms, but against a person who is firmly intended to break the wall, he may not resist.

The finished panels can be ordered for self-assembly, but better if a team of professionals will occur

Control of the foundation of the frame house

For frame houses, it is most often used, or foundations. Savings are achieved at the expense of a smaller consumption of materials, a small volume of land and assembly work. The foundation is the basis of the house, and its construction should be taken particularly carefully. If the customer is not confident in the high professionalism of the builders, he can monitor the quality of execution, referring to the drawings. The miscalculation of the foundations and the manufacture of work drawings performs a professional designer. In the documentation, the Customer will find in detail the necessary plans, species, cuts, specification, material intensity.

When using factory concrete, it is necessary to require a certificate from builders or suppliers to imported material. Must correspond to fixed in the drawings. When using fittings, it is necessary to check whether its diameter and the linking method of the specified constructor corresponds. You can also take photos of various stages when the foundation device and consult with other professionals.

For houses with wooden frame and wood slabs, fire-fighting breaks should be more

Myth 5. The frame house does not breathe, it always stuffy

In fact, in any house, a healthy microclimate provides only ventilation, regardless of the material of its walls. The myth is based on an erroneous idea that brick walls breathe - pass through itself excessive moisture. However, according to experts, the diffusion of steam through the vaporonic wall is insignificant compared to its accumulation in the residential premises. In old houses, including brick, ventilation provided slots in the windows and doors, underground and in the attic.

However, the energy efficient structure, regardless of whether the stone or frame, should have hermetic structures. Fresh air in the house provides efficient with mechanical exhaust. Her project should be as part of the plan of each frame house. To ventilation does not reduce the heat efficiency of the house, it is desirable to have in the system. In addition, natural ventilation should be envisaged - the windows in each room should be opened.

Summary: In a frame house, equipped with a mechanical exhaust ventilation system, even with the winds closed will always be fresh air.

Myth 6. Frame house is not environmental

Most frame houses meet the requirements of environmental friendliness, and many of them have relevant European certificates. A tree or metal from which the framework is made belong to the most environmentally friendly of well-known materials. Stone wool, which, as a rule, is used in frame houses, is positioned as neutral, not harmful to health material (although there are different opinions on this). The polystyrene foam used in the most economical buildings at temperatures below 85 ° C is also not dangerous, in addition, in the wall it is completely isolated from the inner space with the trim. Inside the walls, the GLCs are crushed, the environmental friendliness of which does not cause doubts, or OSP, 95% consisting of wood (the percentage of harmful binding resins is reduced to a minimum). Insulating films in the composition of the wall are environmentally neutral. Overlapping in frame houses are performed on wooden beams, partitions - based on a wooden frame.

Of course, if the frame house is too cheap, the likelihood of the use of poor-quality materials, dangerous for the health of materials. But such a danger may occur not only in the construction of frame houses. In any case, if you doubt as components, require environmentally friendly certificates and conclusions of the SES.

Summary: As part of the designs of a high-quality frame house there should be no materials that are harmful to health.

Housekeeping technology and environmental friendliness

To date, there are three technologies for building prefabricated frame houses: 1) frame, 2) panel and 3) frame-panel (Canadian). They differ from each other with nuances of construction. In the first case, enveloped structures and inner partitions (walls) are mounted on the erected frame. With panel house-building, the walls of the house do not need additional strengthening, as they themselves are carriers.

Canadian Framework House Building Technology It is a certain symbiosis of the first two, since applicable, being carriers, are additionally enhanced by a wooden frame. The main structural elements of frame houses are a tree and its derivatives, or rather an OSP. Regarding the ecology of the OSP there was a lot of disputes. At the very beginning of these plates, manufacturers were used by formaldehyde-based adhesive composition, but after long research, a more successful solution was proposed that meets strict standards and environmental requirements. As a result, now we have eco-friendly and comfortable for living frame-panel houses.

Myth 7. Frame house fires

In such buildings, all carrier elements of walls and roofs should have fire retardant treatment. It is also desirable to be sewn from the effects of high temperatures with leaf or slaughter materials. It is precisely the trim from CSP and GLC - non-combustible materials. The casing of two layers of GLC will increase the limit of the fire resistance of the design for 30 minutes (and at the same time will improve the sound insulation of the wall). And in general, the limit of fire resistance structures of frame houses is 30-60 minutes, which meets the standards and should be reflected in the manufacturer's certificate. Also, fire safety requirements should be taken into account when placing a house on the site. Between frame buildings requires a greater fireproof distance than between stone.

Summary: The degree of fire resistance of frame houses is lower than the stone, to increase their fire safety, wooden structures are treated with antipirens and used DM of the inner casing two layers of GKC.

Myth 8. All frame houses are built by typical projects.

Indeed, each company that builds frame houses has in its disposal in detail of the designed typical projects, the designs of which are included in the factory production programs. But if necessary, the project desk is developing an individual project or adapts to the framework structures that already have the customer. The construction of the house in this case will cost more than a typical project for which the production of structures has already been established at the factory. In addition, more time will take place from the start of design until the end of construction.

Summary: The frame house can be built both by typical and by an individual project.

Features of metal roll

In our country, some developers still relate to the skeleton structures. We are accustomed to the fact that the house should be built "on the century" and from massive materials, the prevailing buildings seem too unreliable. The hard and durable metal frame as a supporting structure allows you to switch to new construction technologies, while remaining faithful to the traditions of the thoroughness.

The finished frame house, built on the basis of the metal frame, is outwardly not different from the buildings from other materials.

Metal frame also has a number of other advantages. So, it can withstand heavy loads, such as beautiful, but at the same time a rather heavy natural ceramic or cement-sand tile. The metal also provides the stability of the geometry of the house (the wooden structure of poorly dried and unprocessed raw materials can be a story, and additional training is spending that construction companies are trying to avoid). Metal also wins in the plan of firebreaks. Some customers are afraid that metal carcass It will be cold or start rust. But this is just a myth - metal is closed with a sufficient layer of heat and waterproofing, so as not to freeze and serve for many years.

Myth 9. Frame house is unpredictable in appearance

This cannot be agreed. The frame house is only the technology of construction. And its appearance depends on the finishing and architectural qualities of the project. The decoration is used as for houses from stone materials: plaster, painting, ventilated facade with the use of siding, block house, etc. It is also possible to facing walls with brick, and the base of the stone (the wall is not recommended to separate the wall). In architecturally, the project of the frame house does not differ from the projects of buildings from stone materials, and almost any of them can be recycled for frame structures. Thus, the frame house may have a completely representative view.

Built on framework technology at home may look modern and representative.

There are almost no restrictions in the interior design: you can apply any finishing finish to drywall, except, except, heavy materials, such as a stone. However, the architecture of frame buildings really have features. The frame allows, without additional constructive triggers, create large open spaces in the interior, arrange wide windows, which even with small areas creates a feeling of space in the house. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe low-cost framework of the frame structure was due to the fact that the cup of all they are built if necessary to save. However, in foreign practice, frame houses often refer to objects of modern, progressive architecture: an eco-friendly, economical and easy.

Summary: The frame house may look beautiful and solid.

Myth 10. All skew houses cheap

The cost of construction of a frame house ranges from 150 to 1200 $ / m². Such a wide range is due to various technologies and the possibility for the customer of the degree of readiness of the construction: from the acquisition of a set of the house for an independent construction before turning turnkey. Within the framework of the same technology, cost fluctuations are possible depending on the materials used. For example, a house with a frame of glued bar is more expensive than from the array. It matters material insulation and trim, etc. Houses with insulates from polystyrene foam is cheaper than from basalt wool, an insulating of an OSP is cheaper than from CSP.

With additional insulation, the cost of the house will increase. Some technologies use import energy efficient windows and doors, especially reliable membranes, which also increases the cost of construction. But in general, on consumption of material and labor intensity, frame walls are most economical. This is due to the smaller volume of the foundation and walls, as well as with a lower price of the insulation compared with massive materials.

The cost of 1 m² of a standard frame wall with a thickness of 20 cm 1.3 times cheaper than the walls from the bar, 1.7 times - from the foam concrete blocks and 2.2 times - from the brick (with the same energy-saving ability and different thickness of the walls required for it achievements). But too low, the price should be alert: perhaps the carcass tree will not be insufficiently dry, the casing is minimal thickness, etc. It should always be ensured as structures and materials for assembling at home. Reliable quality indicator - certificate of compliance with European standards (construction, energy-saving, environmental), as well as a guarantee provided by the company (for the highest quality frame houses, it is 30 years old). One of the benefits of frame construction is the transparency of investment and accuracy of the estimate. The cost of the kit of the house is determined individually after the development of the project and then does not change.

Summary: The range of 1 m² of frame houses varies from the cheapest to elite.

Frame houses in its present form of Russia are built recently - a maximum of 20 years. Therefore, the reviews of real tenants who live in them for 50 years, we have no time yet. But even 5-8 years old, it seems to me, give an idea to a person how it is to live in a frame house. After all, the question is not how many years the sumpsman will like (in Canada, such houses for 150 years and they do not think to fall), but the question in the comfort of living and difficulties of living, if there are.

I began to look for reviews about the skeners, I began to look long before I decided to build it (back in 2013-2015), so I have a big collection of opinions of real tenants. I think this information will help you solve whether to build a frame house or some other.

What the residents of frame houses say

I had to spend a couple of weeks by selecting only the demonstration reviews, removing strange or unrealistic. So now in front of you will be a clip of the adequate opinions of the real owners about our Canadian and Finnish houses.

Often, people doubt that in their latitudes it is impossible to build a skeleton, so I share reviews for convenience by geography:

Center of Russia

Reviews about frame houses in the Moscow region and other areas from real tenants

I really do not know the miracle is a house or not a miracle, but I am very pleased. We constantly do not live (near Moscow traffic jams and work in Moscow are incompatible), but we spend there every weekend and holidays.
The house is a frame, insulation 20 cm, inside imitation of a bar, outside - a block house, a soft roof. We live since March 2007, as long as no comments, the only thing that would improve - sound insulation ... Between the first and second floors - everything is fine, there are comments to two rooms on the 2nd floor, which have a common wall wall - it is necessary to somehow additionally Soundproof

the skeleton of 240 meters, two floors, overlaps wooden, covered with decorative brick, we have been living for half a year, inside a painted GLC, floor - board, heating, DHW, warm floors - electric. I like it very much, the house is warm, the only drawback is a certain feeling of airiness, if you clap the entrance door - there are some oscillations :), and the rest of the house is like a house.

I live on the 6th year in the skewer and heating with electricity, not warming and the tariff of only daylight, while in the pants, more precisely in the shorts :-), 5000 rubles goes as much as possible in the coldest months - January and February, now less than 1000, per year A circle of about 2500. And it is in a rather cold and cheese climate, with the 6th months of heating.
It is necessary to simply build a heat-saving house, according to modern technologies, optionally a SIP or a classic skeleton .. There are plenty of options, both construction and heating - and gas rods, diesel boilers, electric pellet, coal, wood boilers, heat pumps that take energy Earth or air. Solar collector. Choose money.
I have no negative impressions from the skeleton, some positive emotions, especially from heating bills.

Reviews from Volga region

Built 2 frame houses and one of the foam block. Taking into account the experience leaning towards the latter.
If the sumpsman build correctly taking into account all the necessary layers - then at the price it will work like a foam block house or a little cheaper than the brick.
Those prices that indicate the architect and its analogs - Lipa. The same house as in the picture - with a roof of metal tile or soft roof (and not galvanized), with normal insulation (15 cm on all walls, floor, ceiling), with normal doors and windows, with laminate (and not draft boards on Semi), with a treated flame-coated tree and TD - will cost 2 times more expensive (that is, not 2 million per 150 m square meters, but all 4 million).

And the main problem of the skeleton - FIG. You hang out (mirror, mounted kitchen cabinets, batteries, etc.). To hang something you need to additionally sow at least 12 plywood all the walls, and then put the plasterboard or lining.

Not for me, the neighbors in the stone houses of the heating account more than me. A neighbor with a house of 45m2 pays for the light more than I am for my 165m2, while also frustrated, saving on E / E. Another neighbor also in a stone house and with the same area at the present winter, similar to the cool autumn pays 2.5 times more for heating E / E, also saving the day of E / E. Well I live with a comfortable 23c and pay for this comfort small amounts.

Kazan.

Reviews from Northwest

Priozersky direction 100km from Peter. Frame wooden house, 250m2. On the first floor, water floors, a boiler for 12kW, a fireplace, the second floor convectors. Eight systems P and B, plus a channel air conditioner and two positive. Never froze. Although a lot depends on the project and performers. In two neighboring houses at -25 and the decrease in the water pipes in the walls below. I have never had such a problem.

Frame houses turnkey reviews of the owners of Izpitera

What happens with a frame house in 10 years:

Southern regions:

Permian

Trans-Ural:

I live in a skeleton house for a year, in the winter there are 3 convectors.
My opinion is that the choice of material for walls in the ultimate cost of the house is not so significant, the most important framework can be built alone, for a fairly fast term
My house is 209 m. The foundation is columnar without basement. 1 floor (technical) entrance hall, sauna, boiler room, garage and workshop. 2nd floor Kitchen-living room, and my library's office. 3 floor - 3 bedrooms. All residential premises are air-conditioned. Middle communal (light, water, gas, phone Internet, garbage collection) 4500r per month.

Benapan.

Disadvantages of skew houses for reviews (results)

As a result, I can confidently say that almost all negative moments of living in frame houses are the result violations of technology During construction.

Here are characteristic examples:

To solve this problem, a sufficient one is to know the competent builders, which build real frame houses. I already know such people almost in all regions of Russia.
Write me to mail [Email Protected] And every other day you will have contacts adequate brigade of carcasery builders. You can also watch or click on the pop-up window in the right corner screen.

The frame house, first of all, is associated with affordable housing. However, not everyone has a complete picture of the features of technology. Construction is surrounded by myths and contradictory facts. We will deal with the essence of the method, we describe popular framework solutions and give an objective assessment by quick-scale facilities, referring to constructive aspects and custom reviews.

The concept of frame construction

The budget version of the house structure is especially popular in the United States and European countries. However, the prefabricated lightweight structures are increasingly choosing compatriots.

The essence of the technology is determined by its name. The basis is the frameworkcollected from wooden supports or metal profiles. The feather-beam design is mounted on the prepared foundation, and the voids in the wall plane are coated with thermal efficient materials.

There is a heater, steam and waterproofing between the outer and the inner wall. The facade of the house is facing with a finishing material: plaster or siding. OSB plates, cement-chip mats or durable plywood are used as a sheath. The role of the thermal insulator performs Minvata or fibreboard - "warm tree".

Non-hard buildings can withstand natural whims, mechanical shocks and serve not just a temporary country house, but a full-fledged year-round housing. The service life of frame houses largely depends on the quality of the source materials and compliance with the technology of the structure.

Features of prefabricated buildings

Frame houses are a relatively new direction in construction. Therefore, there are many myths and speculations around the innovative technology and operation of the "lightweight" building. We will try to separate the contigate prejudices from real facts, distinguishing the strengths and weaknesses of the sander.

Advantages of frame structures

The list of arguments in favor of prefabricated houses is impressive. Among the most significant competitive advantages can be allocated:

• Cost. The price of materials for the walls of a brick, a decontamination house or structure from BRUSEV is much higher. In addition, the skeleton house due to low weight does not require a significant deepening of the foundation into the ground - additional savings on the zero cycle.
• The speed of construction. Cottage for 110-150 sq.m. Brigade Masters will be erected for 3-4 months. The simplest country house will be ready after 2 weeks.
• Universality. Frame technology is implemented on different types of soils, including peat and or orst soils. The main thing is to choose the type of foundation.
• Easy installation. The house is assembled on the principle of the constructor, and in the workflows do not use the special equipment - the components of the elements are relatively light and compact.
• Mobility. If desired, a small structure is possible to translate to a new place.
• Easy redevelopment. The configuration and location of the internal partitions can be changed since they are not bearing.

Additional advantages: no shrinkage Buildings, variability of architectural forms and all-season work. If you pour the foundation in advance, then construction can continue at minus temperatures, since "wet" processes are absent.

We promote myths: controversial moments

The lack of objective information and operation experience is the main reason for distrust of frame houses. Some statements are erroneous and require refutation.

1. DISTRIBUTY. In compliance with regulatory requirements, the construction will last 30-50 years. The indicator is determined by the quality of the framework and the preservation of the insulation - it is necessary to ensure the full protection of the supporting racks and the heat insulator from moisture. In the US, many houses stand from the beginning of the XIX century.
2. Cold in winter. The standard layer of the insulation in 15-20 cm provides the coefficient of heat transfer resistance in 2.9-3.3 m * ° C / W, additional thermal insulation outside increases the indicator to 4.7 m * ° C / W. The choice of an insulation variant depends on the climate of the region. Houses with increased energy efficiency are suitable for cold terrain with severe winters.
3. Frame house - thermos. Despite the high insulation requirements, the skeleton building still passes the air through the micropholes of the wooden frame and the fibrous insulation. However, to maintain a healthy microclimate, in addition to natural ventilation, it is better to provide forced. This requirement is particularly relevant with foam and its derivatives.
4. Toxicity. As part of the structural elements of high-quality buildings, only eco-friendly materials are used: wood, metal, stone wool, Glk, OSB, neutral insulating films. The probability of the presence of toxic materials is in cheap options. But such a danger is characteristic not only for frame construction.

Weak sides of the frame house: comparison with alternative technologies

According to some parameters, the pre-facility method is inferior to traditional buildings from brick and aerated concrete:

• Low-rise. You can independently build a small one-storey house. If you wish to get a cottage with an attic, you need to attract specialists. At home over two floors on frame technology, it is better not to build.
• Low strength. According to this criterion, prefabricated facilities lose brick and log houses. The building will steally withstand natural effects (winds of wind, hail, etc.), but against a person intentional to break the wall, or the elements may not resist.
• Fire hazard. Despite the processing of a wooden frame with anti-view impregnations, the risk of fire and the speed of the spread of fire is more than a brick or aerated concrete. The use of modern fire-fighting systems somewhat smoothes this flaw.
• Low noise insulation. Sounds from the street and neighboring rooms are largely penetrated into the premises. Noise reduction measures help in part - vibration and humidity when walking on the top floor is heard from below.

Popular constructive solutions

A schematic diagram of the construction of frame houses is one - between the frame racks is placed insulation, protected by a vapor insulating film from the inside and the waterproofing membrane outside. On both sides, the heat-insulating "pie" is covered with hard trim. However, there are different construction methods and constructive differences.

Conditionally, all frame structures can be divided into two categories: frame and panel. For the construction of the first, the frame is first collectable, and then sheshes and insulate. The second is erected from the finished factory panels. We analyze the features of different technologies.

"Platform" - Canadian method

The technology has taken root in Canada and Finland. The method involves an assembly of elements on the platform - a rough version of the floor of the first floor or inter-storey overlap. Fragments of the walls of the house are made of personnel on the site or finished components are used.

Platform design involves floor construction. Floor overlap is collected from Lag and OSB, walls are prepared and installed. The first floor of the second floor or the foundation under the attic is stacked on top.

Method features:

• convenient when independent erection of a small house;
• maximum building size - 10-12 m;
• an extension and complex forms are unacceptable.

Each of the vertical shields serves as a carrier element, so the redevelopment of the house on the "platform" is impossible.

Fampecific frame - German technology

One of the oldest methods common in Europe. Wall sections are formed from shine, vertical racks and horizontal beams. Wooden frame does not hide behind the trim, and allocate from the outside, emphasizing the decorativeness of the house.

The basis of the structure is thick beams (100 * 100 mm, 200 * 200 mm) - they form a hard, very durable frame. In the half-timbered houses, the "backbone" takes all the load, the roof with a box represent a single power scheme. Due to this distribution, the construction is obtained very durable and durable.

Distinctive features:

• the laboriousness of the construction is the technology under the power of experienced carpenters;
• the ability to build houses of a large area - more than 20 * 30 m, and floors - up to 3;
• presentation of appearance.

Among the compatriots, the technology is not particularly popular, as there are no two key aspects of frame house-building: the available cost and ease of construction.

Finnish house - Framework Framework

The Scandinavian version is considered to be optimal with an independent structure of a small building. The maximum permissible size in the plan is 12 * 10 m. As a rule, it is enough to build a seasonal country house or full-fledged permanent housing.

Constructive feature - uniform load distribution on all sides of the box. The power of the roof takes on the roof. The frame is collected from logs or boards, forming an open frame. After installing the entire design, it is proceeded with insulation, trim.

The main advantages of Finnish technology:

• a small budget of construction;
• simplicity of work;
• the possibility of completion.

Restrictions and nuances building a frame house:

• power casing is performed on the inner wall - this requirement limits redevelopment;
• the maximum step of vertical racks is 50 cm;
• permissible two floors.

Doc Technology - Maximum Warming

One of the promising areas of the Domostroja is the use of a double bulk frame (). Bearing racks are mounted in a checker order, which minimizes the appearance of cold bridges. A double line of support beams is obtained, and the space between them is filled with thermal insulating material.

Such a solution leads to the rise in price, but the energy efficiency and strength of the walls is significantly improved. The square meter of the double bulk frame withstands the order of 500 kg - the indicator is comparable to the stone building.

To eliminate the appearance of condensate, ventilated facades provide in homes.

Houses from Sandwich Panels

The number of frame buildings from sandwich panels or SIP (structural-insulated stoves) is invariably. This is explained by the availability of materials, their good technical and operational qualities and ease of processing.

• The panel consists of a heater (polystyrene foam), framed on both sides of OSP sheets. Finished shields are used to build frame-paired house on the technology "platform".
• At the ends of the sip-panels there is a groove for fastening to a bruse that performs the framework of the frame. Such support is installed both in a vertical position and horizontal - the upper and walls.
• The heat insulating plates are universal - they are suitable for the formation of walls, inter-storey floors and floor of the first floor.

The main minus use of such a "cake" - bad air permeability panels. Without the arrangement of forced ventilation, an extra moisture accumulates in the house, and the air becomes a sharp.

Flash frame - Doubtful tree replacement

Houses made of light steel thin-walled structures (LSTK) occupy approximately 6% of the total number of frame structures. Metal frames do not claim to replace wooden beams, it is more correct to consider as a more affordable alternative.

Steel frame, compared to wood, has more minuses than pluses. Significant Disadvantages:

1. High thermal conductivity. The metal is strongly cooled, and when the temperature increases, it is quickly heated. The problem partly solves high-quality thermal insulation, but the correct calculation of the insulation and the determination of the dew point is difficult to independently.
2. Magnetization of the frame. Equipment of household appliances in tandem with metal structures can be poorly displayed on the well-being of residents.
3. Low fire resistance. No matter how paradoxically, in the event of a fire, a metal frame compared to wooden behaves worse. It quickly loses rigidity - the house begins to turn around the spiral, reducing the time for evacuation.
4. Corrosion exposure. LSTK manufacturers declare solving this problem by electroplating metal structures. However, in practice there is a sudden appearance of corrosion foci.

Do not forget about the ability of metal to carry out electrical discharges. To eliminate the risks of lesion, the current is required by the potential equalization system, the installation and calculation of which is the case of professionals.

Experience in the construction of a skew house: Reality of self-assembly

The frame house justifies expectations only with competent design and erection. It is not necessary to expect that, without having experience, it will turn out to build a good accommodation in a couple of months. Nuances that are not a problem for a specialist, for a beginner will become a stumbling block.

It is clear that the involvement of professionals will significantly detach the construction, but in some situations it is unreasonable.

Expert advice:

1. Try the strength and gain experience better on a reduced copy - time, bath or shed.
2. Construction of a two-story building or house with an attic for permanent accommodation must be turned turnkey. Errors in miscalculations and non-compliance technology can cost expensive.
3. The country summer house will be able to build on their own on the finished project, having previously coordinated the work plan with a specialist. It is better to use with a detailed sketch, the fastening diagram of the elements, etc.

Common myths about frame houses, review from the point of view of the owner

1) Frame house is not warm and not cold. Basic heat losses occur through windows and ventilation. I came across the disconnection of the central electricity in the winter, which led to the stopping of circulatory pumps of the heating system of the frame house. Miracles did not happen: a few hours later, the temperature began to fall, in 6 hours at 20 degrees, the fall was dropped from 25 to 19 degrees. Disabling forced ventilation slowed down its decline, but did not stop.

2) There is no sensation of life in a plastic bag. There are also no odors that are usually present in the apartments. Probably, you faced the fact that after some time the apartment gets its own specifically (not necessarily bad). There is no such house in the frame house, since there is no hope of natural ventilation as in log houses, then fresh air enters the frame house constantly and is constantly allotted. I did not see the condensate for the windows. PVC windows, installation on psyl, everything is propenged. The windows do not cry, the windowsill are always dry. This proves that life in a plastic bag is not such a bad thing. it review of the owner of the skeleton houseliving in it for 7 years.

3) Facilities, embroidents inherent in wooden houses, I do not watch the skeleton house. The tree was dried to construction and further deformations does not occur. I did not handle the boards with an antiseptic, as they do in Russia. According to the construction technology, this is considered a useless occupation. If the water got on wood, then you need to think how to take it from it, and not how to block rotting. I have the opportunity to observe how boards and plywood / OSB are behaved in the walls, overlaps, in winter and summer. Nothing terrible happens. Two times over the past six months, the wind displaced the satellite plate on the roof, but I did not notice any creaks in the house at the time of the gusts of the wind.

4) Sounds are distributed throughout the skeletal house. In some cases there is such a problem. The shock sound is transmitted throughout the frame design. For example, if I turn on the plug into the socket in the hollow wall, then it can be heard on the other side. If someone speaks through two rooms, the noise is quenched by the walls. The greatest penetration of noise on the room occurs through the doors (open and closed). Hears the shock noise when walking on top of overlapping, but it does not differ in its intensity from the noise, which I met in apartments with reinforced concrete floors. If there were no noise insulation events, the noise will bother you in any house.

5) costs in heating expenditures. For comparison, my bill for electricity, most of which went to heating with water warm floor, was about 10 thousand rubles in January. In fact, these are my utility payments for 200 sq.m. The frame house, since electricity pumps water from the well, lights, the stove, electric shield, circulatory pumps work from it. You can ask the neighbors how much they pay for the house per month: electricity + gas (diesel, coal, firewood).

6) The skeleton house can warm up through the windows, which turns it into not requiring heating costs. I can not agree. My experience of using big windows on the south side showed a negative effect rather. Solar energy is not controlled. The room becomes hot, the sensors turn off the warm floor, the tile under the ice feet. Surplus heat is not accumulated in the house and when the sun is leaving on the other side, its effect disappears. Probably, you can come up with some system that will transmit heat from the hot south room in the cold northern direction, but for which it's all? It is easier to put a vacuum solar collector on the roof and tie it with the heating system. In the flight period, large windows on the south side are becoming a problem. They heat the rooms even through dense curtains, so I had to use rolled blinds. It is better to take care of the veranda, the sinks of the roof or shutters.

7) nothing can be hung on the frame wall. In most cases, we hang lamps, frames, hooks. For this, sufficiently special dowels for drywall. For heavy cabinets, wall boilers need to lay blocks for fastening into frame walls in advance. I had to challenge the only time with the problem when it was difficult to find a solution: a hanger in the corridor. I had to make a decorative crate, consolidate it to the racks and then attach her hanger to it. It is necessary to produce the fastening of the TV, microwave, kitchen cabinet in advance.

8) can be separated only by siding (plastic or wooden). I have a positive house. At the bottom of the usual plaster, at the top of the foam. In appearance and finishing inside you will not be able to determine from which my house is built. This is partly beneficial to reduce taxes, since on their classifiers, the frame-shield structures are not particularly expensive.

9) The frame house is fire-haired and there may be problems with commissioning by electricals. By fire hazard, the frame house is not much different from the stone, as the interior decoration is on first. The frame walls are tightly laid down by the Ministry of Service light up, as there is no air inflow. But since there is a danger of fire, then I put the anti-fire sensors for an early warning in case of smoke. By wiring - I did not take any commissions at home. Property received through the registration chamber. The address was issued in the local administration. Electricians checked the wiring only to the meter.

10) Cold bridges, engine freezing. I did not come across this problem in my skew house. The angles are insulated by Minvata, the cold bridges were removed by the outer insulation of the foam. The house has survived several winters and deformations of the interior decoration (cracks on the walls, Inea on the wallpaper) I did not notice.

Feedback on a skeleton house in terms of hotel comfort

11) How to breathe and live in a skewhouse in the summer? Fine. I close the windows from the sun with the role of the Black-Out curtains and without air conditioners with open windows you can get 27 degrees in the heat. If you need less, then only air conditioning or fan coil. I did not notice the smells of foam, polyethylene, mounting foam or some other chemistry.

12) Condensate on pipes in the internal frame walls I have not met. The fact is that water goes to the house is not directly from the well, but through the hydroaccumulator where he has time to warm. Cold water pipes I insulated. In terms of revision, condensate did not detect condensation in places of shock fittings.

13) mice, rats, flies and other rubbish. Mice and rats did not meet. The subfield at my skew house ventilated and is open to any livery. I regularly see neighboring cats on my site, there were no signs of mouse or rat life. Flies can penetrate through the doors or windows without grids, that is, the question is solved. Periodically meeting small spines. I do not know where they come from, but they do not strain me.

14) freezing of pipes. Since there is a vulnerable pipe input to the house, but it is necessary to think how to warn freezing in a cold night, when there is no waters. I attached the cable heating around the pipe and included it from November to April. Electricity costs are low.

15) Laying Communications on Interior Walls is a separate topic. In a few minutes you can make holes in the racks and stretch how much you need cable or pipes for hidden editing. It gave me the opportunity to organize double, triple passing switches in corridors and rooms. If the stone walls had to be pulled, then I would reduce the wiring to a minimum - 1 lighting point \u003d 1 Switch. The frame house does not limit your fantasy.

16) Without heating left a house 2 winter season at the stage of construction. The frame house was separated from the outside and insulated. There was no interior. From losses - broke 1 shut-off valve frozen water.

17) poorly showed themselves in the operation of metal warmed doors. I was most afraid of condensate and freezing in a strong frost. But the problems came on the other side: the locks in two entrance doors broke into the frost. The canvas of the doors in the heat deformed and they stopped opening freely-closed. Condensate or Inea on the doors I have not seen, but I have a second wooden door near each metal door. Also, the famous powder paint appeared rust over the entire surface. The seal was broken off, the fitting of the doors is loose. My conclusion is that these doors can only be put in apartments where they are cut off from the street. For the street they are not suitable.

In general, the frame house showed itself well. All possible problems could be defined in advance and prevent their appearance. Many problems (mice, plastic bag) are inflated from nothing. My accommodation experience in the frame house does not confirm their presence. I understand that one example cannot be proved or refuted, but I do not find confirmation with respect to mice and plastic bags.

The popularity of frame houses has steadily grows from year to year. Houses are well kept warm, this is especially important in such a northern country as Russia. In the summer, it is not hot in the houses, as the walls of wooden materials perfectly "breathe."

Frame houses are characterized by excellent performance. It is always warm buildings. In winter, you save on heating, because thanks to good thermal resistance of walls and special fillers (most often it is mineral wool or polyurethane plates) walls stored heat. In the summer in the house cool, natural wooden materials breathe perfectly.

Sometimes just a few months as if a ready-made home appears from nowhere. In just a year, whole villages grow. This became possible through the use of the unique Canadian technology for the construction of frame houses.

Frame houses belong to the structures of fast assembly. You can get the finished house in just 3-6 months, and often faster. In many respects, it depends on the company-developer and the complexity of the chosen project.

Immediately it is worth noting that the frame house has long been not only a variant of the country, but also a capital housing. Modern frame structures build warm for Russian winters and comfortable for summer.

Technologies for the construction of country houses and cottages are improved regularly for several decades. Currently, these technologies have achieved tangible success. The technology of frame house-building is among the most effective in our time.

Framework construction technology, which is now popular, is a comfortable and easy way to get a decent house for year-round accommodation. The myth that these are "cardboard boxes" for giving long-ranged. It is known that the way of the construction of the carcass came from Canada, and in this country winter is very long and harsh. The house must be not only energy efficient, but also comfortable with excellent thermal insulation. Build such quite real. Recall that to build a frame house in winter - perhaps due to the lack of "wet" processes, and the quality is not lost.

A comfortable cozy house on the country site is a dream of any dachank, and the construction of dacha carcase turnkey houses, using modern technologies, it is quite realistic to spend only in one season.

Frame construction in Russia is still gaining momentum. The unique properties of the frame house allow you to get a client a modern house, which meets European quality standards.

Today, framework has been widespread. Note that as soon as the question arises about private construction, a number of questions arise. Initially, it is necessary to determine the project of the future structure. If you stopped your decision on the project of a skeletal house with an attic, then you made the right choice towards savings.

New technologies of modern house building on the "Canadian" system fully conquered the Russian construction market. Construction companies already today offer hundreds of projects of frame houses of various architectural solutions. The undeniable advantages of this type of construction increase the demand for the construction of frame houses every year. Simplest and affordable are projects of single-storey frame houses.

Frame construction is a modern method of building houses. The very first stage is important to choose the right project correctly, and it costs it only taking into account your own wishes and preferences. Today, frame houses are more used as country construction. However, the low cost of receiving your home makes the frames are increasingly popular.

To date, a private house-building becomes more and more relevant. Wide distribution received frame construction. In Russia, this modern way of building houses is also gaining its turnover. If you decide to build such a house, the first thing you have to do is to decide on the project at home.

Calculation is a mandatory stage of any construction. Without his holding, the construction of the house will have increased costs of materials and exhaust funds, which is undesirable.

The construction sphere is constantly developing, and modern houses look completely different than a hundred years ago. New technologies offer us many options, among which the construction method was not lost - frame-panel houses. It features environmental friendliness, efficiency and durability. In fact, such houses can be bolded by quick-planning structures. Today, this technology is becoming increasingly distributed, in view of its simplicity and accessibility.

Frame houses today got a fairly widespread, due to the fact that at their base they have a maximum simple device. However, the process of their erection may seem quite laborious. But today, advanced technologies in construction are not in place, so it has become much easier to build your own skeleton. Consider the construction technology of the frame-shield house.

A couple of dozen years ago, monolithic frame houses were almost exotic. But today this technology is gaining significant revisions of popularity. In major cities, this technology has already been widespread due to its unique advantages. And most importantly of them are the opportunity to build externally attractive homes, while creating any volume-planning solutions.

The framework of frame construction is most popular among residents of the Nordic countries, such as Canada, Finland and many others. Finnish technology has significant differences from ours, according to which we previously built the famous Soviet "country" houses.

Incruptions in popularity in Russia, Canadian technology is becoming increasingly distributed. After all, our climate is very similar to Canadian, so these methods of building houses for our band are great. In view of a number of significant advantages, this technology is developing rapidly and acts as the most optimal solution of building problems for the country with a harsh climate, as our. Construction of Canadian houses allows you to get a modern, comfortable and affordable accommodation.

The frame technology is an interesting direction, although many immediately begin to imagine muddy houses. Many people think that the new technology can be used only exclusively for country construction. Modern construction went far ahead, and the new "Canadian" technology makes it possible to get high quality houses.

Construction of houses for framework technology Popular worldwide, but the methods of their construction differ quite significantly. For example, US and European technologies correspond to the soft climate of these countries, but in our, Russian conditions the most acceptable is the method that we borrowed from our northern neighbors - Finns. The construction of frame houses on Finnish technologies is characterized by increased demands for such parameters as heating and steaming.