The color blindness can significantly spoil the life of a person. This genetic eye damage, not affecting visual acuity. There are many myths and rumors with him. How does the daltonism check and what are the methods of testing vision exist, read in our article.

Myth 1.

Daltonists see everything in black and white tones or do not distinguish red and green.

This is not quite so. Dalton's species are quite a lot, they are conjugate with the lack of pigment in the retina capable of distinguishing certain colors.

Sometimes these pigments are not enough, the person will distinguish all the colors, but they look muffled, in pastel colors.
With another day, the world in front of the human eyes looks like on the old photo in which a blue or green dye added when printing.

As compensation, people suffering from color blindness can distinguish much more shades that seem the same as an ordinary eye.

Myth 2.

Dongtonians are only men.

This is also not quite so. About 5% of people on Earth suffer from one degree or another. And among them every tenth is a woman. This is a hereditary condition, if there were people with such a problem in the family, it can pass even after a few generations.

The pathological gene is associated with the X-chromosome, is transmitted from the mother to his son. If the family is a daltonik in the family, and the mother carrier of the gene, then pathology can be revealed to her daughter. Daltonism in the girl may also appear if the carrier of the pathological gene was a grandmother on the father's line. Since only one X chromosome has been damaged most often, women have a spare, healthy.

Most cases of Daltonism people reveal at their own random, with vulture.

Myth 3.

This innate state, it is impossible to get sick.

Under certain circumstances, the retina is injured, the pigment ceases to produce, because of this, a person ceases to distinguish colors. Man and women are equally subject to such a violation. It can happen even with a child.

Sometimes during the injury of retina, Daltonism develops only on one eye, the other remains with common vision.

Temporary farm comes when taking some drugs. If you do not pay attention to it, it may irreversibly damage the retina and grow into constant.

Partial deterioration occurs sometimes with age, the process goes slowly, a person does not notice changes.

Myth 4.

All dogs - Dalconics, see the world black and white.

The newest studies have shown that dogs are oriented in color and its intensity and brightness.

In the appearance of the eye to determine Daltonism is impossible - it looks like a healthy one. The peculiarity of vision often draws attention to another childhood, when the child constantly confuses the colors, cannot determine the same, and so on. In many cases, this does not bear any consequences.

Causes of appearance

The reasons for the occurrence of daltonism are several.
It happens congenital and acquired. Congenital affects mostly boys.

The acquired arises for many reasons.

• cataract

In this case, the disease is crumbstick, the light cannot normally pass through the columns and the color perception is violated. In this case, only one eye can be problematic, another to remain healthy.

• disruption of columns

the pigment is in the Kolzkov themselves if their work is broken, it is incorrectly produced.

• eye injuries

With a slight injury, Daltonism is temporary, does not need treatment. The eye requires only peace. With more complex cases, treatment is required, which will appoint an ophthalmologist. The eye requires complete peace.

• tumors

The growing tumor acts on the nervous end of the eye. This disrupts the passage of the pulse, the color perception is violated. Any tumor should be deleted, after surgery, treatment is carried out.

• cNS diseases

If Daltonism is associated with this problem, it must treat a neuropathologist with an ophthalmologist. When identifying the cause of the disease and its elimination, Daltonism will pass.

• Parkinson's disease and stroke

With these diseases, the passage of nerve pulses from the brain is blocked to the eye, to photoreceptor cells, which is due to the color perception

• diabetes
• Reception of medicines

If such a problem arose, you need to inform your doctor, it may be possible to change medicines, find their analogues.

Acquired Daltonism may be present at both eyes, most often it is uneven, maybe even different species.

Dongtonics and profession

In many cases, Daltonism does not affect the choice of a person profession. But there are those where the ability to distinguish the colors greatly plays a key role. For example, drivers, driver pilots. You can not do medicine, it is unlikely that they are waiting for the success of the design of premises or mods.

It will be difficult for them in teaching work, especially with children - in many cases it is necessary to distinguish between colors.

In general, all professions, where you need to be able to distinguish between colors, shades and halftones.

It is for this that a variety of tests are conducted to identify deviations in the ability to distinguish colors.

Check on daltonism in children

A small child with a violation of color perception does not recognize that he sees the world a little not as the rest of people, for him his vision is natural. It does not make sense to conduct diagnostics for up to 3 years. It is possible to suspect anything about indirect signs - if the child does not always stretch to the brightest toy, and can take gray and pale.

Usually, children remember the names of the colors already by 3-4 years. Find objects of the same color - even earlier. But if the baby has a color blindness, he is not physically able to do this. Parents are angry at him, and the child does not understand the reasons.

Most often, the child does not distinguish red and green, blue and yellow.

If a child has such a feature of vision revealed, then first of all it is necessary to calm down. First of all, the parents - Daltonism is not a disease, the child simply has to be adapted to such vision, and parents come in with such a feature of the child.

Check vision on daltonism Parents may still before entering the child to school simply simply - watching it paints pictures.

If it is often confused in the selection of colors for grass or heaven, they are unnatural on his drawings, it may be an alarming sign.

More elder children give several monophonic sheets of colored paper and are asked to choose the same color. If the baby makes it difficult, you must certainly consult an ophthalmologist.

For senior preschoolers and young students, the same tests can already be used as for adults.

Pupils

Schoolchildren have this problem can cause many difficulties when studying. Written on a blackboard with colored chalk for him often turns out to be invisible and indistinguishable. And the own drawings are distressed with unnatural paints. Teachers should know about this feature of their student, help him cope with circumstances independent of him - for example, to sit in the class, it should not see light glare on the board.
If, before school, you did not come across such a problem of your child, then the initial classes are time to do this.

For adults there are other diagnostic methods.

Diagnostic methods

Dalton's species are quite a lot. The easiest is the absence of the ability to distinguish the shades of color. For example, dark pink perceived as red, and brighter colors are seen white.

Tables Rabkina

The most famous and popular diagnosis - with the help of Rabkina tables. They depict a variety of multicolored circles of different shapes and size. All these mugs are the same brightness, and among them, numbers or geometric shapes are distinguished by another color.

A man with normal vision is almost easily able to highlight them among the others. If there are violations, these encrypted figures will be indistinguishable for him.

Testing

It occurs simply - in front of the subject with good uniform lighting, signs are set, the patient considers them a few seconds and says that he sees. At the same time, a person should be in a relaxed state and feel good. 7-10 seconds are given to the viewing of one picture, the pictures are located at a distance of 1 meter from the eye on the level of one.

In these tables there are also figures traps. For example, a person with a normal color see sees 9, and a daltonik - 5, or a circle. They only see their dalconia with a certain view of the daltonism, the doctor in its tables can determine which pigment is missing on the retina.

Several pictures are included in the kit to identify simulants, those who for some reason want to deceive the signs when passing the test. These nameplates show pictures, clearly and clearly distinguishable with ordinary vision and with any daltonism form. The doctor will easily determine which color does not distinguish the patient.

Circles on the tables are selected in such a way as to check all possible deviations. And the combinations of color in them are not coincible. However, when the test passes, a healthy person is possible errors - the result may depend on the screen of the computer itself and on the lighting.

All tablets included 48, for general diagnostics use 27. The rest are needed for a deeper analysis. They are necessarily included in the inspections of professional drivers, machinists, pilots.

The main tables of Rabkina can be bought, the rest remain for a more detailed analysis of the doctor. Daltonic is useless to simulate healthy eyesight, the doctor will still decipherates it. It is also useless to prevent the range of military commissions - the remaining signs will still show the color perception, it is impossible to learn them.

If these tables show a heavy violation of color perception, for example, red and green look the same, a person will generally refuse rights. The same will occur during non-dissolution color in a blue-yellow range.

Checking on daltonism using a slatte table is used throughout the world, it gives the most reliable result, view and degree of pathology. And the control pictures refine the diagnosis.

Technical technique

This technique also consists of cards and is designed to identify, the violation of which color is present in the patient.

The subject is offered four sets of cards, each of them identifies the pathology of one primary color.

• The first set reveals violations in the perception of the red and its shades,
• second - green spectrum
• third - blue
• fourth - Black and White Text

Tables are special pictures with "torn" squares, which depict a stylized letter C, with a break in one of the sides of the square. The subject must determine the place of gap.
All test tables - 12, each table shows several pictures with such an image. All cells form one tone, the test is constructed in such a way that it excludes the possibility of its "memorization".

The test is good and the fact that it is easy to spend with children who still do not know the numbers and geometric shapes.

Such a test is also popular among ophthalmologists in the world. They are used in the diagnosis of acquired daltonism in adults after various injuries, diseases and reception of some medicines.

Test Ishkhary

The test is partly reminded by Rabkin's tables. It also offers tables consisting of many circles of different colors and size. But in it a person must distinguish no numbers or letters, but pictures and simple images.

Such a test is used mainly to diagnose daltonism in children, they like these pictures and they willingly guess encrypted images. These pictures may offer those who "learned" the Rabkin table for the "passage of the medical board". If Daltonism is present, the man cannot distinguish the desired image.

Some other tests on the definition of color blindness are also working. This is the color schemes of Shtchlling, Shafa, and some others. Their principle is about the same.

Special cases

There are special occasions when checking vision on daltonism. When deeper studies are required, and increased ability to distinguish colors are attached to the subjects.

Correctly perceive colors need not only to drivers of any transport. There are cases when it can become a key point.

Military

When passing the military commission, such a test will be carried out. With a normal severity of vision in the army will still encourage, but it is possible to serve in a very limited number of troops. To deceive the military registration and enlistment office in any case, it will not be possible,

Doctors

All doctors need complete color perception. The health of other people depends on this, so doctors regularly check these parameters of their vision.

Chemists

If it is difficult to distinguish between colors, then you can cheer very much. Many solutions externally differ only with a hint, and the properties of substances are different. Daltonic is better not to do chemistry professionally.

Treatment of Daltonism

How to help a daltonion to see the world in the entire fullness of his paints? After all, it is especially offensive if the loss of the ability to distinguish between colors - acquired as a result of an accident.

Congenital

Now it is impossible to cure congenital, genetically determined daltonism. In order to somehow help a person, he is specifically under his eyesight pick up multicolored lenses. But this method is ineffective, controversial. Maybe even dangerous for general vision. So while research is being conducted, and such contact lenses are not used.

Special glasses have been created with multi-colored glasses, but these are experimental models, they act during certain lighting and it is impossible to wear for a long time.

Attempts are made and introduce missing genes into the retina's retina - so far only with computer programs on virtual dials. But research in this area is carried out and, perhaps, the solution to the problem will still be found.

Acquired

Acquired daltonism can be cured. Treatment depends on what it was called.

• If the reason was the reason for medicines, they need to be canceled, the color perception will be restored with time.
• Operator - by eliminating cataracts or other retinal damage

Most often, in the event of an acquired daltonism, a person begins to fall in vision acuity.

Medical treatment is appointed by the doctor, it is impossible to prescribe it - this can end with an irreversible change in vision, which will only be exacerbated, until complete loss of color perception.

To detect daltonism (color blindness) and its manifestations in modern ophthalmology, polychromatic tables of Rabkin are used. According to the degree of color-perception, ophthalmologists distinguish: trichromants (norm), protoanopov (people with violations of color perception in the red spectrum) and deteransopov (people with a violation of green color).

To pass the dough on daltonism, you should follow certain recommendations:
- The test is carried out in normal well-being
- First you need to relax
- try to the picture and eyes were on the same level during the passage of the test
- on viewing pictures take up to 10 seconds

Picture 1

The picture shows the numbers "9" and "6", which are visible both to people with normal vision and people with daltonism. The picture is called to explain and show people what exactly needs to be done when passing the test.

Figure 2.

In this picture, the square and triangle, which are visible, as in the previous version, and to people with normal vision, and people with daltonism are depicted. The picture is used to demonstrate the dough and to identify simulation.

Figure 3.

The picture shows the digit "9". People with normal vision see correctly, while people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum (deteransopy and protoropy) see the number "5".

Figure 4.

The picture shows a triangle. People with normal vision see the depicted triangle, while people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum see a circle.

Figure 5.

The picture shows the numbers "1" and "3" (corresponding to "13"). People with blind-so in the red or green part of the spectrum see the number "6".

Figure 6.

People with normal color diffraction in the picture two geometric shapes - a triangle and a circle, whereas people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum distinguish the shapes shown in the picture are not capable.

Figure 7.

The picture shows the number "9", which is able to distinguish both people with normal color perception and people with daltonism phenomena.

Figure 8.

The picture shows the figure "5", which are capable of distinguishing people with normal vision and people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum. However, for the latter, this is done with difficulty or in general it becomes impossible.

Figure 9.

People with normal color and people and people with blindness in the green part of the spectrum are able to distinguish the number "9" in the picture, while people with blindness in the red part spectrum can see both the number "9" and "8" or "6".

Figure 10.

People with normal vision differed in the picture of the numbers "1", "3" and "6" (respond to "136"), while people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum see "69", "68" or "66".

Figure 11.

The picture shows the numbers "1" and "4", which see both people with conventional color, and people with daltonism manifestations.

Figure 12.

The picture shows the numbers "1" and "2", which are able to distinguish both people with common vision and people with blindness in the green part of the spectrum, while people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum numbers do not see at all.

Figure 13.

The picture shows a circle and triangle, which are able to distinguish between people with conventional color. At the same time, people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum see only a circle in the picture, whereas people with blindness in the green part of the spectrum are only a triangle.

Figure 14.

People with conventional color per picture differ in the top of the digit "3" and "0", while nothing will see in the bottom. While people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum differ in the top of the figure "1" and "0", and in the lower hidden number "6". And people with blindness in the green part of the spectrum will see from above "1", and at the bottom of the picture - "6".

Figure 15.

People with conventional color per picture will differ in the picture and the triangle (at the top), and they will not see anything at the bottom. People with blindness in the red part of the spectrum will see 2 triangles (at the top) and square (below). People with blindness in the green part of the spectrum will distinguish a triangle (at the top) and square (bottom).

Figure 16.

People with conventional colors in the picture will distinguish the numbers "9" and "6", while people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum only "9", and with blindness in the green part of the spectrum - only "6".

Figure 17.

People with conventional color see the circle and triangle in the picture, while people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum only triangle, while people with blindness in the green part of the spectrum are only a circle.

Figure 18.

People with conventional color per picture will see multicolored vertical and monochrome horizontal rows. At the same time, people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum will see horizontal rows as one-color, and vertical 3, 5 and 7 as one-color. People with blindness in the green part of the spectrum will see horizontal rows as multicolored, and vertical 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 as one-color.

Figure 19.

People with common vision are capable of distinguish between the numbers "2" and "5" in the picture, while people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum will only see the number "5".

Figure 20.

People with conventional color perpetrators are able to distinguish between two geometric shapes in the picture - a triangle and a circle, while people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum distinguish the depicted figures will not be able.

Figure 21.

In the picture, people with conventional color and people with blindness in the red part of the spectrum distinguish the numbers "9" and "6", while people with blindness in the green part of the spectrum will only see the number "6".

Figure 22.

The picture shows the figure "5", which are able to distinguish both people with conventional color and people with daltonism manifestations. However, for the latter, this will be difficult to make it difficult or at all possible.

Figure 23.

In the picture, people with common vision will see multicolored horizontal and monochrome vertical rows. At the same time, people with blindness in the red or green part of the spectrum see one-color horizontal and multicolored vertical rows.

Figure 24.

In the picture of the figure "2", it is her that people with normal vision, protodopas and deteransopa, do not distinguish this figure.

Figure 25.

Trichomates (people with normal vision) see the number "2" in the picture, people with blindness in the green and red parts of the sector, the number 2 does not distinguish.

Figure 26.

People with normal color perception distinguish two shapes in the picture: a triangle and square. People with blindness in green and red spectra, these figures do not distinguish.

Figure 27.

Normal trichomates see a triangle in the picture, people with violations of color perception distinguish the figure "Circle"

Outcome:

It should be noted that with the wrong answer you do not need to start panicing, as perception may depend on a number of factors: the illumination of the cabinet, excitement, monitor matrices and its chromaticity (when the test of online test), etc.
When detecting deviations with free vision checking online, it is recommended to seem like a specialist for more thorough diagnosis.

Daltonists are people who do not distinguish some colors. Sometimes it can be one color, for example: red, green or purple. And sometimes (very rarely) somewhat or all - the world looks black and white. Moreover, this is considered not a disease, but a feature of perception.

A person may not even suspect that he sees the color not as others. It is possible to identify this by chance or with the help of a special picture, which does not look like for a dongeon, as for a person with ordinary color perception.

How to identify - is there a color disintegration?

Tests that help identify daltonism quite a lot, but most of them allow you to detect not only distinguishing green and red colors. Among them, polychromatic tables of Rabkina were recognized among them. With their help, it is possible to define both the type of daltonism and the state of human color perception.

Tests from the Rabkin table are pictures with circles of a certain color scheme and hidden among them with diquses or figures. A man with a normal color perception of "filling" sees immediately, but you need to try to see Daltonists to see it. In some cases, attempts may not be crowned with success.

Below is a table in which pictures for checking are presented. To pass the test, you need to see everything and see what is depicted on them. Tests are conducted at normal daylight at a distance of 1 m from the table. At the same time, the pictures cannot be turned over, they must be vertically, i.e. They cannot be viewed, even if they are on the table or in inclined state. This may affect the correctness of the result. After the table, the correct answers will be presented (they are located in accordance with the location of the pictures) for comparison with their own.

Look at each test (picture) you need not longer than 5 seconds (click on the drawing to enlarge it):

And now compare the results with the right answers:

If it turned out too much incorrect answers, then it can talk about pronounced daltonism.

Korean designers offered to improve the traffic light to allow the range of driving a car. They offer to change its shape. Namely: Red - Triangle, Green - Square, Yellow - Circle.

Interpretation of test results

To understand what dallenonians you can rank yourself, consider briefly types of daltonism. If we talk about a minor violation of color-perception - trichromasia, it can be divided into such types:

1. Dateranomalia is a violation of green perception (it is mixed with a light pink or light orange tint).
2. Protanalia is the wrong perception of red (it is mixed with a light brown or light green tint).
3. The tritomalia is not distinguishing blue-purple colors (they are seen red or green; it is rare).

If we talk about more serious disorders (distinguishing only two colors), then this is:

1. Dateranopia - everything is seen green.
2. Protandopia - everything is seen red.
3. Tritanopia - the world around the world is seen in blue shades.

Another kind of color violation is monochromasia. This is when everything is seen in black and white shades. But such a phenomenon, like Tritanopia, is found very rarely (1 at 300 cases of daltonism).

Well, now you can proceed to the interpretation of the results obtained. Consider on the example of several pictures, which may mean a vision / no vision of what is drawn there.

See in this picture the number 96? Not? Do not try to deceive anyone, this is a control test used to identify simulants. They are visible absolutely to all people:

What can be seen here? The correct answer to the test - 13. If the number 6 is seen, then it can talk about protopia or deteransopy.

Normally, it is necessary to see the number 96. On daltonism only the figure 6 is visible.

This test with a number of 136. Numbers 68, 69 or 66 may indicate a daltonism.

The norm is a circle and triangle. Prottopopa here will see only the second figure, deteransopa - a circle (but they can see both figures).

A man with normal coloring at the top of the table will see two digits - 3 and 0. With the protoropy - 1 and 0 at the top, 1 below (not visible), with deteransopy - at the top 1, below 6.

If the result is not joyful, then you should not panic. Since the correctness of the answers may depend on the lighting, monitor permissions, viewing distance, etc.

Video Test on Daltonism "Check yourself!":

The presented tests are approximate and cannot be the basis for self-establishment of a diagnosis. To accurately determine the form and condition of the daltonism can only an ophthalmologist testing for all the rules or after checking on an anomaloscope.

Did you compare your answers with the correct? What did you do! Write about it in the comments!

Note:

Picture 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13. Normal trichromates are read in the table and triangle table.

Protatrocks distinguish only the circle, and deteransopa is a triangle.

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

Figure 17.

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Figure 20.

Table 21.

Figure 22.

Figure 23.

Figure 24.

Figure 25.

Figure 26.

Figure 27.

trichromat (from Dr. Greek. - Color).
Dichromia
Dutinopia - Blind of Green
People suffering dichromatism dichromatism are dateranopia and protoropia dateranopia protoropy. protorop.

4.3. Coloring

Color vision - The ability of the eye to the perception of colors based on sensitivity to different radiation ranges of the visible spectrum. This is the function of the colummer retinal apparatus.

It is possible to conditionally highlight three groups of colors depending on the radiation wavelength: long-wave - red and orange, weed-wave - yellow and green, shortwave - blue, blue, purple. All the variety of color shades (several tens of thousands) can be obtained when mixing three main colors - red, green, blue. All these shades are able to distinguish the human eye. This property of the eye is of great importance in a person's life. Color signals are widely used in transport, in industry and other sectors of the national economy. The correct color perception is necessary in all medical specialties, even even x-ray diagnostics has become not only black and white, but also color.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe three-component of color-perception was first expressed by M. V. Lomonosov back in 1756. In 1802, T. Jung published a job that became the basis of the three-component theory of color perception. A significant contribution to the development of this theory was made by the city of Helmholtz and his students. According to the three-component theory of Jung - Lomonosov - Helmholtz, there are three types of colums. Each of them is characterized by a certain pigment, selectively stimulated by certain monochromatic radiation. Blue columns have a maximum spectral sensitivity in the range of 430-468 nm, in green colodes, the maximum absorption is at the level of 530 nm, and in red - 560 nm.

At the same time, the color is the result of the effect of light on all three types of colums. Radiation of any wavelength excites all retinal columns, but in different degrees (Fig. 4.14). With the same irritation of all three groups of colums, there is a feeling of white. There are congenital and acquired color vision disorders. About 8% of men have congenital color defects. In women, this pathology occurs significantly less frequently (about 0.5%). The acquired changes in color perception are noted in the diseases of the retina, the optic nerve and the central nervous system.

In the classification of congenital color vision disorders, chris-brazed red color is considered the first and denote by its "Protos" (Greek. Protos - first), then go green - "Deuteros" (Greek deuteros - second) and blue - "tritos" (Greek. Tritos - Third). A man with normal color perception is a normal trichromat.

Anomalous perception of one of three colors is designated as Prot-, Daeter and Titano-Malia. Prot- and deteransalias are divided into three types: type C is a slight decrease in color reception, type B is a deeper violation and type A - on the verge of loss of red or green perception.

The complete grinding of one of three colors makes a person dichromate and designated as a prot-, deuterine or tritonia (Greek. AP is a negative particle, OPS, OPOS - vision, eyes). People having such pathology are called Prot-, Deuter and Tritanopas. The inosphection of one of the main colors, for example, red, changes the perception of other colors, as there is no fraction of red in their composition.

Monochromotes are extremely rare, perceiving only one of the three main colors. More rarely, with the coarse pathology of the colummer apparatus, Ahromasa is celebrated - the black and white perception of the world. Congenital color disorders are usually not accompanied by other changes in the eyes, and the owners of this abnormalist learned about it by chance at a medical examination. Such an examination is mandatory for drivers of all types of transport, people working with moving mechanisms, and under a number of professions, when the correct color distinction is required.

Evaluation of the color of the eye. The study is carried out on special devices - anomaloscopes or with the help of polychromatic tables. The method proposed by E. B. Rakenkin, based on the use of the main properties of color, is considered to be generally accepted.

Color is characterized by three qualities:

• color tone, which is the main sign of color and depends on the length of the light wave;
• saturation determined by the share of the main tone among the impurities of another color;
• brightness, or light, which manifests itself the degree of proximity to white (degree of breeding with white).

Diagnostic tables are built on the principle of the equation of circles of different color in brightness and saturation. With their help, geometric shapes and numbers ("traps") are indicated, which see and read the bloomanomals. At the same time, they do not notice the number or figure, derived by the circles of the same color. Consequently, this is the color that does not perceive the survey. During the study, the patient should sit back to the window. The doctor holds a table at the level of his eye at a distance of 0.5-1 m. Each table is exhibited 5 seconds. For longer, only the most complex tables can be demonstrated (Fig. 4.15, 4.16).

When the color perception disorders are detected, the card is examined, the sample of which is available in applications to Rabkin tables. The normal trichromat will read all 25 tables, an abnormal trichromate type C - more than 12, dichromat - 7-9.

With mass surveys, preventing the most difficult to recognize the table from each group, you can very quickly examine large contingents. If the surveyed clearly recognize these tests during a triple repeat, then it is possible and without presenting the rest to make a conclusion about the availability of normal trichromasa. In the event that at least one of these tests is recognized, make a conclusion about the presence of color, and to clarify the diagnosis continue to present all other tables.

The discovered color perception violations are estimated by the table as a colorability of 1, II or III degree, respectively, on red (protode deficiency), green (deuterodeficiency) and blue (tritereficiency) of color or color relief - dichromason (Prot-, deuterine or Tritanopia). In order to diagnose color assistance disorders in clinical practice, threshold tables developed by E.

Detection of anomalies: How is the vision of vision on the color perception for drivers?

N. Yustova et al. To determine the patterns of color disintegration (blooms) of the visual analyzer. Using these tables, determine the ability to catch the minimum differences in the colors of two colors, occupying more or less close positions in the color triangle.

I propose to check your color perception.

Note:

Difficultizing with flowers can be associated with monitor settings.

Picture 1. All normal trichromas, abnormal trichromas and dichromates differ in the table the numbers 9 and 6 (96) are equally correct. The table is intended mainly to demonstrate the method and for control purposes.

Figure 2.All normal trichromates, abnormal trichromas and dichromates distinguish between the same two figures in the table: triangle and circle. Like the first table, it is intended mainly to demonstrate the method and for control purposes.

Figure 3. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table number 9. Protrostopes and deteransopa distinguish the figure 5.

Figure 4. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the triangle table. Prottarops and Dateransopa see a circle.

Figure 5. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table of figures 1 and 3 (13). Protrostopa and Dateransopa read this figure as 6.

Figure 6. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table two shapes: a circle and triangle. Prottopas and Dateransopes of these figures do not distinguish.

Figure 7. Normal trichromates and proto parks are distinguished in the table two digits - 9 and 6. Dateranopes differ only in the figure 6.

Figure 8. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table. Number 5. Protrostopes and deteransopes are different, or it is not distinguished at all.

Figure 9. Normal trichromas and deteransopa differ in the table number 9. The proto parks read it as 6 or 8.

Figure 10. Normal trichromates are distinguished in the table number 1, 3 and 6 (136). Protrostopa and Dateransopa read two digits 66, 68 or 69 instead of them.

Figure 11. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table and triangle table. Prottopacies are distinguished in a triangle table, and detensanga - a circle, or a circle and triangle.

Figure 12. Normal trichromates and deteransopes are distinguished in the table of figures 1 and 2 (12). Protrostopa These figures do not distinguish.

Figure 13. Normal trichromates are read in the table and triangle table. Protatrocks distinguish only the circle, and deteransopa is a triangle.

Figure 14. Normal trichromates are distinguished in the top of the table 3 and 0 (30), and in the bottom - nothing is distinguished. Protrostopa read in the top of the table number 1 and 0 (10), and in the bottom - hidden number 6. Deteransopes are distinguished in the top of the table number 1, and in the bottom - hidden number 6.

Figure 15. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the top of the table two figures: the circle on the left and the triangle on the right. Prottar parks are distinguished in the top of the table two triangles and at the bottom of the square, and the deteransopes - at the top on the left of the triangle, and at the bottom - the square.

Figure 16. Normal trichromates differ in the table number 9 and 6 (96). Prottar parks are distinguished in it only one digit 9, deteransopes - only digit 6.

Figure 17. Normal trichromates distinguish between two figures: a triangle and a circle. Prottar parks are distinguished in the triangle table, and detensanga is a circle.

Figure 18. Normal trichromates perceive the horizontal rows available in the table for eight squares in each (Color Rows 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th) as one-color ; The vertical rows are perceived by them as multicolored. Dichromates perceive the vertical rows as one-color, and the protodopas are taken as the one-color vertical color rows - the 3rd, 5th and 7th, and deteransopa - vertical color rows - 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6- th and 8th. Colored squares, arranged horizontally, are perceived by the protrovopa and detechno-pair as multicolored.

Figure 19.Normal trichromates are distinguished in the table of figures 9 and 5 (95). Prottopas and Dateransopa distinguish only the figure 5.

Figure 20. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table and triangle table. Prottopas and Dateransopes of these figures do not distinguish.

Table 21. Normal trichromates distinguish the vertical rows of six squares in each (color rows No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) as one-color; The horizontal ranks (No. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) are perceived as multi-colored. Dichromates perceive vertical rows as multi-colored, and horizontal - as one-color.

Figure 22. Normal trichromas are distinguished in the table two digits - 66. Prottopas and deteransopa are correctly distinguished by one of these numbers.

Figure 23. Normal trichromates, protodopas and deteransopa differ in the table figure 36. Persons with expressed acquired pathology of the color of the color of these numbers are not distinguished.

Figure 24. Normal trichromates, proto parks and deteransopa differ in the table number 14. Persons with pronounced acquired pathology of the color of the color of these numbers do not distinguish.

Figure 25. Normal trichromates, protodopes and deteransopa are distinguished in the table number 9. Persons with pronounced acquired pathology of color visa do not distinguish this figure.

Verification of color parties on the Tables of Rabkin online with answers

Figure 26. Normal trichromates, protodopas and deteransopa are distinguished in the table in the table. 4. Persons with a pronounced acquired pathology of color vision do not distinguish this figure.

Figure 27. Normal trichromates are distinguished in the table number 13. Prottopas and deteransopa do not distinguish this figure.

Thus, normal trichromas read right all twenty-seven, protodopas - seven or eight tables (1, 2, 7, 23, 24, 25 and 26), and deteransopa - Moving tables (1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 23 , 24, 25 and 26).

In humans in the central part of the retina, there are flower sensitive receptors - nerve cells that are called kolkovka. Each of the three types of columcians has its own type of flower sensitive pigment of protein origin. One type of pigment is sensitive to red color with a maximum of 552-557 nm, the other - to the green (maximum about 530 nm), the third is to blue (426 nm). People with normal color vision have all three pigments (red, green and blue) in the required queries. They are called trichromat (from Dr. Greek. - Color).
Dichromia - Lack of color sensations in the blue-purple spectrum region.
Dutinopia - Blind of Green
People suffering dichromatismTo play all the color tones, only two colors are needed, and not three, as you need with normal color vision. Varieties dichromatism are dateranopia and protoropia, manifested in a sharp decline in sensitivity to green and red colors, respectively. As a result, people suffering dateranopia, relatively insensitive to the average wavelengths of the green part of the spectrum, and suffering protoropy. - insensitive to long-wavelength. In other words to protorop. Displaced red, the intensity of the latter should be significantly higher than usual.

Is it possible to cure daltonism?

What is Daltonism?

Daltonism is considered to be the impossibility of a person to perceive some colors. This deviation was named by the name of the English scientist John Dalton, which revealed it from himself and described in detail. Dalton himself could not distinguish between the red color, later scientists revealed and classified another number of deviations in a color friendly, giving them the appropriate names. Thus, for example, the disease that Dalton himself suffered (the inability to distinguish the red shade) is called probe, and unresponsibility to green color is called detertainment. There are also people who are unable to see blue, such a deviation is called tritonia, and it is very rare. It is noteworthy that suffering from tritonia, they do not simply do not distinguate the shades of blue, but also have the so-called chicken blindness - it is bad to see items under the drylee.
There is another type of daltonism, called Achromasia. This is the most serious form of deviation at which a person literally sees everything around it in black and white tones.

As you know, when passing a medical examination to receive a driver's license, everything is mandatory for a dalton test on special Tables of Rabkina (see the daltonism test with answers here) and those who have a given disease, to get the rights no longer shine. It is logical, because a person who cannot distinguish the colors of the traffic light, to get behind the wheel is very dangerous.

Therefore, many are interested in the question, can Daltonism be cured?

How to cure daltonism?

The cause of Daltonism is a genetic failure, this disease is inherited and most often the men suffer from it (approximately every twelfth). There are cases when daltonism is acquired by the nature caused by injury or eye disease. In this case, the color perception is possible if you manage to diagnose and eliminate the cause, but the hereditary (congenital) daltonism is guaranteed to cure until it does not succeed. However, medicine develops rapidly and research in the field of treatment of this disease is constantly being carried out (certainly the one who first learn to treat it, very quickly gets rich, if we consider the number of people who cannot be obtained due to daltonism), there are already cases of daltonism cure cases during experiments on animals. So, for example, American scientists have conducted a successful operation with two monkeys, introducing them in the field of retina the harmless virus with the missing genome of the photosensitive receptor.

Vision verification of driver's color perception - one of the safety conditions on the roads

Viral particles did not cause any violations, and the color sensitivity was recovered. The experiments on people have not yet been carried out, but there are real hopes to get rid of his illness.

Also, quite recently there were information that the American company Enchroma has developed special glasses, which selectively remove some waves between the red and green parts of the spectrum, actually expanding the gap between them. " The use of such glasses allows to distinguish between red and green colors to people suffering from one of the varieties of daltonism. So times when dalphonic will be able to live a full life, no longer around the corner ...

In the meantime, you can use some tools that can help compensate for the colors of view:

• Specially painted contact lenses and glasses can help see differences between flowers. However, these lenses do not provide normal color vision and can distort objects.
• The glasses that block the bright light (with shields on sides or wide scrappers) are useful because people with color problems can see the differences between colors better, with less bright light).
• If you do not see the colors in general and rely only on the retina sticks for vision (monopigmentation of retinal sticks), then you may need to wear slightly painted or dark glasses with shields around, because the columns work better with dim light.

The human eye is able to perceive not only different colors, but also a large number of shades. However, as in any other visual functions, various anomalies may also occur. Color disorders diagnose using special tables, tests, appliances.

What is a color vision of man

The possibility of eye to see the world in all colors is provided by special cells located in the retina of the eyeball - mobs, chopsticks, which contain visual protein pigment sensitive to the effect of the light flux of different lengths. Columns consist of three main elements capable of perceiving color.

1st - red.

2nd - blue.

3rd - green.

Sticks are responsible for black and white perception. All other colors, as well as shades, are provided by various over the strength of the light irritation of all three color elements. As a result, there is a full color vision in the brain, or rather its visual center.

Anomalies of the color function of the visual apparatus may be present in a person initially - transmitted genetically, or arising as a result of diseases of the visual apparatus, nervous system. For example, such as:

• Retinal burn (from the welding machine, due to the action of the aggressive radiation of ultraviolet).
• Heart injuries.
• Diabetic maculodistrophy.
• Cataract.

Acquired violations of the color sensation are successfully treated with the ophthalmologist's timely appeal.

What is the diagnosis of color vision

Sample Rabkina table (Photo: DRIVE2.RU)

Multicolor pigment tables are used mainly to assess the color of the color, tests.

The slave table was widely used not only for the diagnosis of violation of any kind of color view, but also for examining people for admission to work, for example, related to driving transport, management of mechanized funds, service in the armed forces, where there is a need for a clear distinction for colors and shades.

People who, in the survey, have been identified any violation of color vision, are not allowed to work.

Vision checking on color perception

Pathological perception of color can negatively affect their professional activities, or create an emergency.

The slackin table uses such basic color characteristics that allow in a complete spectrum to identify various pathology of color perception as:

• Color tones.
• Saturation.
• Brightness.

Types of research

Diagnostics of color is carried out by the physician by the Okulist through various tables, tests or instruments. For example, such as:

• Test Ishihara, Falant test, Calmgeren.
• Tables Rabkina, Shtchillong, Yustova.
• Spectral devices of non-Nellow Anomaloscopes, Rabkin, Heidelberg. Anomaloscope is a microprocessor device. Its work is based on the principle of mixing colors. For example, the Heidelberg device consists of an optical device, a tilted tube, test field, control knobs.
• Electricaloretinography. It makes it possible to study the functionality of the sticks.
• Chromatic perimetry. It is used by the oculists in order to identify Daltonism, provoked by various eye pathologies at an early stage of the disease.

Indications for the study of eye color ability

Color perception, without any pathologies called trichromasa. Insufficient color vision is determined by Daltonism, which is classified according to the forms of this pathological process:

• Floacity. The patient experiences some difficulty with the designation of shades. It is often mistaken or for identification it needs more time than provided for (no more than 10 seconds).
• Color blindness (Achromatius). Genetic anomaly. Fully lacks the function of color pigments. The patient sees the world in black and white.
• Color agnosia. It occurs due to the damage to the cortex of the brain, is often accompanied by a violation of various types of sensitivity (reduction of vision, hearing). Patients can completely lose the color identification function or lose the ability to select similar shades or bind color with the name of the subject.

Dichromason. Congenital pathology of color perception, which is characterized by the absence of one of the color-sensitive elements. The patient can see 2 colors.

In turn, the dichromason is classified for the following types:

• Protandopia - the inability of the colums perceive red long-wave color. The most common type of daltonism.
• Dateranopia is the lack of perception of green medolithonic.
• Tritanopia - the visual apparatus of patients with this pathology cannot absorb blue color, which is shortwave. This pathology is often accompanied by a violation of the light sensitivity of the eyes.
• Monochromatics - the absolute loss of the function of two or three color elements. The patient can only see one color.

Genetic daltonism is more predisposed by male faces.

To different color violations, which arose due to ophthalmic pathologies, the diseases of the nervous system are equally inclined to women and men.

All of the above pathologies are a direct indication to appeal to the doctor ophthalmologist.

Important! Often, the violation of the color is one of the first symptoms of various anomalies of the visual apparatus (retinal detachment, pigment dystrophy, glaucoma). The underestimation of the state in the early stages of the disease can lead to late diagnosis and development of heavy pathologies

Persons whose professional activity is associated with a load on color vision, this type of examination is mandatory for admission to work (drivers, pilots, railroad workers, military).

Possible contraindications to the study of the color function of the eyes

Conducting any kind of color vision diagnosis should be postponed if the patient has the following pathological manifestations:

• Damage to the eyeball (foreign body, injury, burn).
• Unstable mental state.
• Increased body temperature.
• Infectious eye diseases (conjunctivitis, barley, keratitis).
• Dizziness, headache.
• High blood pressure.
• Total weakness.
• Violation of night sleep.

How to prepare for the diagnosis of color vision

The diagnosis of color vision is quite simple and does not require special training. However, in order for the survey results to be the most reliable, the following recommendations should be followed:

• Before studying, the full night sleep is important.
• It is necessary to avoid nervous and mental overvoltage. Treatment of eyes.
• The diagnosis is better to carry out in the morning, after a slight breakfast.

How does research passes

On the Rabkin table, you can determine the severity of genetic daltonism, as well as differentiate it with the acquired disease form.

The patient is offered to explore special tables in which among the background images in the form of circles of a homogeneous color are drawn from them in color mugs forming a figure or digit.

Tables are shown in turn at a distance from 0.5 to 1 meter. At each object is highlighted no more than 10 seconds.

All drawings are identical in brightness. If the patient is forced to wear lenses or glasses in the daily life of the life, then during diagnostics, they are not necessary to remove them.

People who suffer an abnormal color vision are deprived of the ability to determine the desired figure, figure.

The survey is carried out only with good lighting (artificial daylight, natural scattered lighting) in a relaxed atmosphere.

When the test of the Holmgen's test, the person was examined asked to take a motor with multi-colored threads, distribute them in such a way that the basic colors were laid on three separately provided spaces.

To diagnose daltonism with an anomaloscope, two light fields are most often used. The first is illuminated with yellow color, the second green and red. The field of view is both screens. The patient must change the colors intensity (mixed) on the second screen until the colors of both fields are equal and become the same (yellow).

Upon explicit protopia or deteransopy, patients equate with a yellow field clean green color or red.

Advantages of various types of color vision diagnosis

Anomaloscope - Device for studying the color of the color (photo: argusoptik.hu)

Rabkin tables are successfully used for the main examination of patients, identifying genetic, acquired pathologies of color vision. This is not a difficult, reliable diagnostic method. It makes it possible to understand the degree of daltonism, as it allows you to determine all the colors and shades in full, which is not able to see the patient.

Anomaloscopes are applied much less frequently. They are needed for more accurate diagnostics. Also, these devices are used not only to study the function of the color perception of a person, but also designed to train vision of people whose professional activities are observing a variety of color structures.

In addition, the anomaloscopes allow you to track the degree of eye degradation in the process of loads on the color vision associated with the work.

How to decrypt research results

If the study was conducted through the Rabkin table, then the diagnosis is based on the number of figures decrypted by the patient and figures.

When color vision pathologies are found in an ophthalmologically, a special form is given, in which there is a reduced duplicate of the numbered Rabkina tables. The doctor makes the mark on the non-identified samples, which makes it possible to correctly diagnose and identify the severity of the disease.

A person with normal color vision unmistakably determine from 25 to 27 images.

The main pictures in Table 27. The drawings are drawn up in such a way as to maximize the slightest deviations of color vision.

Patients with signs of daltonism according to the severity of pathology are divided into 3 categories - A, B, C.

For an unetebled Daltonism, there is a difficulty with the definition of all three colors, in contrast to the genetic violation of color vision, which is characterized by an abnormal perception of red and green. However, with the pathology of the optic nerve, patients can make the same errors as genetic tanks.

With damage to the mesh shell, there is a violation in the definition of blue and yellow color.

Acquired diseases associated with abnormal color is almost always accompanied by various disorders of the functions of the visual apparatus.

It is very important at the first symptoms of violation of vision in time to appeal to the doctor ophthalmologist.

Timely diagnosis and treatment will help avoid the further development of various pathological conditions and will provide an opportunity to improve or fully restore the color perception.

Exercises for the development of color perception

Postby. Alfiya. »Tue Jun 16, 2009 7:57 am

The ability to perceive color in humans developed in the process of evolution to identify objects together with the ability to perceive other properties (sizes, hardness, heat, etc.). This need to recognize objects has developed and secured a steady idea of \u200b\u200ba certain color in the human consciousness.
With the help of the eye, a person perceives illumination (lightness), color, magnitude, shape of objects, determines the movement and direction of items when moving, oriented in space.
The lifestyle of a modern person with his surrounding gray buildings and accurate flowers is very different from the life of his ancestors who needed to hunt and survive, fleeing from predators.
It is not surprising that visual acuity, as well as sharpness, the accuracy of color perception becomes atavism.

What remains to do people? Work on the perception constantly.
On the visual perception of the form of the subject affect the size of the subject, the distance to the eyes, illumination, the contrast between the brightness of the object and the background. Cognition of Forms involves the activation of the semantic perception, the formation of ideas and the development of thinking.
Important informative features in objects and images are color and contrast. Color is fixed visually, and for a long time remains conscious. At the object detection phase, the color is a signal that attracts attention. Even the usual color spot stimulates the visual reaction.
The color as an objective property of the form has a large emotional expressiveness. All spectrum shades are emotionally associated with sensual perception. So, red, orange colors are associated with heat; Green, blue - with cold. Also, the color actively affects the mood. For example, red excites and mobilizes, and green and blue - soothe.
The presence of color vision plays a large role in identifying items and images, it allows you to better distinguish the details of objects and perceive a large number of information signs.
Here are some exercises for the development of color perception.

1. Contemplation of flowers
In a state of calming with closed eyes, a person contemplates color spots that spontaneously arise before his eyes. These are not hallucinations, but so-called successive images. They are explained by the features of the work of the retina of our eyes. Contemporary colorful, you can feel a direct connection between the color and emotion, the unity of color and emotions.
You can take a rule to periodically look at the Ishihara tables. Over time, the nuances of shades are becoming increasingly obvious.

2. Contemplation of flowers
See still on some color one or two minutes, then close your eyes and contemplate this color or color gamut. Colors may seem very bright! When the color scheme disappears - open your eyes again and look at the color sample again. So continue.

3. Tables Shulte
For the development of peripheral vision useful to use Tables Schulte. This exercise, with regular use, allows you to defocheate vision due to the coverage of a larger space.
The field is broken on the cells. In each cell there is a digit. Required, concentrating vision at a red point in the center of the screen, calculate all the numbers on the field in the increasing order.

Test on Daltonism

Horizontal and vertical eye movements are prohibited. Put all the numbers, both in the upper line and in the lower line, and not the number of numbers. The listing of numbers is given to workout attention, and not as a goal. It is important first to cover the entire field, and not as quickly as possible to find everything.
Readers with good parameters of attention and with a wide field of view (developed peripheral vision) spend on one table for 30 seconds. As you train, the search time is gradually reduced and can be brought to 11 seconds, and in some cases up to 7 seconds. Usually the delay increases only due to a delay in one of the numbers, which seems absent on the table.
There are Tables of Shulte: to expand the field of view, red - black version of Tables Schulte to switch attention. Targets: Exercise on the expansion of the field of view, to improve the reaction and color perception, has a mysterious hallucingenic effect.

4. Wake up the imagination
Reading or listening to new information can be specified as the color of the one or another item. This is an opportunity to improve the color perception. Consider how objects and figures are located in the picture, from where the light falls.

5. According to A.N. Lutoshkina about color perception, seven colors are isolated and their compliance with a certain mood is determined:

red - enthusiastic;

orange - joyful, warm;

yellow - light, pleasant;

green - calm, smooth;

blue - sad, sad;

purple - alarming, dreary;

black - full decay.

Through equal intervals or in the case of a sharp change of mood, it is necessary to characterize its state according to the shown scale.

Daltonism is one of the common violations of vision. With this pathology, the eyes cannot perceive one color or several at once.

As you know, Daltonism is inherited, and they suffer from male faces. The causes of the development of this violation of vision can also be various diseases, injuries, inflammation, eye tumors and the central nervous system.

Definition and types of color blindness (daltonism)

Daltonism or color blindness is a violation of the perception of colors caused by color vision disorder. A person who does not have such pathology can recognize red, yellow and blue colors, which, when mixed, give different shades.

From the point of view of physiology, this can be explained as: in the yellow spot of the retina there are photoreceptor cells - kolkovka. Their function is exactly the perception of colors. There are three types of colums, each of which has a special color pigment (red, blue, yellow).

If there is no pigment or it is very small in the columns, then the color perception is broken. In most cases, there is a lack of red pigment, the lack of blue is rarely observed. In the absence of one pigment, dichromazy is diagnosed, and three - achromazy. And with trichromasia, a person has a relax perception of one color.

Types of Daltonism, Treatment and Definition Tests, see.

In this case, allocate three types of violation of perception:

1. Type A. - The perception of green or red is almost completely absent.
2. Type B. - a significant reduction in the perception of colors.
3. Type S. - The color perception is broken slightly.

The reasons The appearance of color blindness:

• Hereditary predisposition (transmitted through x-chromosoma, so men are more susceptible to the development of this pathology);
• Lack of pigment in kolzkoks or violation of their work;
• Injuries, tumors and eye diseases and central nervous system ();
• Age-related changes;
• Cataract (does not give light normally pass through the eye environment);
• Diabetic;
• Receiving some medicines;
• Parkinson's disease (a nervous pulse is disturbed to photoreceptor cells and defining colors);
• Stroke (similarly Parkinson's disease).

Daltonism can affect both one eye and two at once, but in this case it will be uneven. Sometimes the color blindness may occur as a temporary phenomenon due to taking medication with a similar side effect.

A person for a long time may not notice the symptoms of daltonism. The main signs of the manifestation of this violation of vision are:

1. Violation of red perception;
2. Violation of the perception of blue and yellow color;
3. Violation of green perception;
4. Simultaneous violation of the perception of red, blue and yellow colors.
5. (tears flow, rubbed in the eyes);
6. Fuzziness contours of objects.

If Daltonism was acquired during his life, then it is manifested by a gradual or sharp violation of the perception of colors. In addition, it can progress.

We also offer to your attention pictures to test vision for color perception and table of letters to verify vision by software.

Highlight three types of daltonism Depending on the violation of the mining of the pigment of a certain color:

1. Tritanopia.

Most common species are protoropy and deteransopy.

Protandopia is the impossibility of perception of red. Such pathology is a partial shape of blindness and is usually congenital.

In the case of protoropy in photoreceptor columns, there is no pigment erythrolab, which has the maximum sensitivity in the red-yellow part of the spectrum. A person with protoropy will perceive the yellow-green color as orange, and the blue color will coincide with purple. However, he will be able to distinguish blue color from green, and green from red.

Dateranopia is a violation of green perception.

It arises when there is no pigment chlorolan in Kolzkok, which has a maximum sensitivity in a green-yellow spectrum.

In this case, a person will perceive the green color as blue, and the purple color it does not differ from the yellow-green. However, a person can distinguish violet or red from green.

Titanopia

Tritanopia is a violation of the perception of colors and shades in a blue-yellow and red-violet spectra. In this case, in receptor cells there is no pigment of cyanolab, which has a maximum sensitivity in a blue-purple spectrum.

A man with Tritanopia perceives yellow as blue, and purple does not distinguish from red. However, it can distinguish purple color from green.

Tritanopia may absent twilight vision.

Test for Daltonism

Anomaloscopes or special tests are used to define Daltonism. Vision tests are carried out using special tables, for example, Shtchillong, Shafa, Rabkin and so on.

The object of the ophthalmologist for vision verification is located.

Video

conclusions

Daltonism is a rather serious problem, and in some cases it makes it difficult. Unfortunately, at the moment hereditary farm can not cure. It can only be corrected using special lenses or points, but they can not always give the desired effect. At the very least, an ophthalmologist can be determined to determine the type of this violation. Drivers should regularly pass the test for color, because Their professional benefit depends on this survey.

Tests on daltonism and color takeness are located.

Acquired Daltonism is treated depending on the cause. If it arose due to eye injury or disorders in the work of the central nervous system, it can be cured by a conservative or surgical method. In the event that Daltonism appeared due to the reception of some drugs, it should be discontinued.