Measurement of intraocular pressure is the procedure necessary, since it is diagnosed with the functionality of the visual apparatus. If there is enough oxygen in the eye, as well as nutrients, any serious disorders in its work are almost excluded. Normal inner eye pressure favorable effects on the shape of an eyeball. When the failure occurs, you should expect visual ailments, in particular, glaucoma.

Doctors strongly recommend not less than once a year to sign up for an ophthalmologist. If discomfort in the vision bodies appeared, it means that you should appear on consultation. Why do you need it? The earlier the reason was detected, due to which the ophthalmotonus changes in a large or smaller side, the easier it is to detect a serious illness. Accordingly, therapeutic therapy will be started on time.

On improving pressure and changes in the ophthane bottom, a long time may not even guess. But his progression will sooner or later cause unpleasant consequences.

How to measure eye pressure? To identify pathology in adults, the device is used - a tonometer. During the procedure on the eyeball, pressure is carried out with a special weight.

Measure the ophthalmotonus in various ways.

Doctors often use:

1. Finger method.
2. Contactless.
3. Tonometry on Maclakov.

Be sure to determine intraocular pressure follows:

• glaucoma (especially when someone in the family suffers from the disease);
• violations of neurological nature;
• endocrine and cardiovascular ailments;
• lowering the indicators of sharpness and reduction of visual fields;
• pains in the head that bother at the same time with their eyes in the eyes;
• compression of the eyeball;
• dryness, bumping or redness of the corneal layer;
• to the west of the eyeball;
• changes in pupil - tensile or deformation.

The device will show unreliable information if the patient's condition is both physical and emotional will be unsuitable for examination. We are talking about those cases when a person is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. It is impossible to do measurements if the patient is in an aggressive or over-excited state. The presence of illness of the mucous membrane and the eye dna virus, infectious or bacterial etiology is also a serious contraindication.

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Diagnosis palpator-approximate

A similar method can be used to approximate the definition of ophthalmotonus. During the procedure, the doctor's pen pads tries to assess the pressure level inside the eyeball.

The survey is carried out in this way:

• the patient must lower the view;
• the ophthalmologist is drawn with his fingers on the forehead area, and indicative, by placing them in the eyelid, easily presses on the apple.

With the feeling of small impulses, the sclera and the ophthane bottom doctor is convinced that the ophthalmotonus is normal or slightly lowered. When you need to make an effort to prescribe on the scler, it means that pressure is elevated. In this case, as such, the impetus to the index finger will not be able to feel. Although it is not possible to finally argue that the ophthalmotonus is increased, it is impossible.

Thanks to palpation, you can reveal what degree of density sclera is present.

She may be:

• normal;
• moderate;
• increased;
• stone.

The decrease in the ophthalmotonus is accompanied by the presence of a soft sclera, very soft or excessively soft.

Why do you need such a survey? The palpator-approximate method can be used in cases where there are contraindications for other methods. In addition, this way everyone may well check the intraocular pressure at home. The technique is relatively simple for development.

This method of using a tonometer is not appropriate in all cases. If the visual organs were operated or there are inflammatory diseases, in particular the eye dna, the tonometry is prohibited.

Maclakova Methodology is carried out like this:

1. Before the special apparatus is used, local anesthesia is used to avoid pain and other negative sensations.
2. Maximum after 5 minutes the patient can be entered into the couch so that the ophthalmologist began to examine, applying a tonometer. The device consists of special weights - hollow metal cylinders Weight for 10 g. They are wetted using special pigment paint.
3. There are a tonometer directly in the central corneal part. Measurements are first made usually on the right eye, then on the left. Georgians put pressure on the cornea, and the paint remains on it.
4. Then the imprint is done on paper, after which it is determined using a line, how much the coloring substance disappeared after the device touched the eyeball.
5. When measurements are completed, the organs of view are buried with a disinfecting effect.

What is the essence of Maclakova Methods? The softer the eyeball, the the device used will no longer leave paints on it. That is, the study speaks of a reduced ophthalmotonus.

This type of tonometer helps to obtain more accurate data compared to the previous way. .

It should be known that intraocular pressure can slightly fluctuate throughout the day, and this is considered a normal phenomenon. If glaucoma takes place, the oscillations will be more pronounced.

Therefore, the tonometer will be needed for the measurement twice - in the morning hours and in the evening.

Features of non-contact tonometry

This method is non-contact. That is, the device that is applied during the examination, not touches to organs. Thus, the risk of infection is absent.

The contactless method is good because:

1. After the diagnosis, the patient will not suffer from pain discomfort or some other unpleasant sensations.
2. The device allows you to get the necessary results in a short time. Literally after a few seconds, the tonometer will show, in what condition is the auditorium, that is, there is a threat of the occurrence of ailments.

After the patient fix the head, he should look at a light point with wide eyes. The contactless tonometer with the help of the air flow sent to the eye changes for some time a corneal form. The level of the ophtalotonus depends on how much this form has changed.

Harm to health apparatus does not carry, however, the accuracy of the Maclakova method is significantly higher.

At home, you can use a portable device - ICARE Tonometer. The anesthetics will not be needed, and the technique itself is quite simple. If necessary, anyone can conduct a study as neatly as possible and painlessly.

Tonometry should be carried out regularly. Its results will depend on those methods that the specialist considers it necessary to use.

- One of the most significant constants in the human body.

Measurement of intraocular pressure (BGD) is carried out in different ways - their choice depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, as well as health status.

The simplest palpator method is also suitable for permanent monitoring, which is available to almost everyone, and here to carry out complex differential diagnostics it will take the use of special ophthalmic tonometers.

Types of intraocular pressure

Eye pressure, as, can have 3 states:

• normal;
• increased;
• reduced.

Reduced, if not before critical values, does not represent much danger. But the increased accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms, may be a manifestation of serious illness, as well as lead to capillary bleeding. If you cannot stabilize the condition in a timely manner, it can lead to irreversible changes: loss of vision (partial or complete).

Increases WFD due to excessive production of intraocular fluid, vascular diseases. Often the help is required in the case of redness of the eyes, pains, reducing visual acuity. But sometimes elevated VGDs can not be at all for a long time. This is a special danger, since the patient himself cannot say for sure how much time it bothers this problem. At the same time, the development of glaucoma can easily come and restore normal vision is no longer possible at the same level.

Reduced pressure can also be dangerous if it is a consequence of various injuries or underdevelopability of the eyeball. The danger lies in the shortcomings of the blood supply of eye tissues, which can also lead to their death.

In each particular case, depending on the nature of the problem, the individual features of human health and eye physiology, a suitable research method will be determined. The procedure is also different - it all depends on which equipment will be involved.

Each method has advantages and negative sides. It is impossible to call the universal and perfect. Even those procedures that give the most accurate readings cannot be called excellent for the reason that they can not be carried out to each person. Especially these restrictions relate to children.

How to measure intraocular pressure

The intraocular pressure in itself is difficult to measure. The problem is that, in contrast to the usual hell, to obtain accurate information at home without the use of specialized equipment is problematic - the usual tonometer does not help here. It is necessary to immediately clarify that intraocular pressure and ordinary blood pressure, which can increase at, sometimes not connected at all.

One can only guess the deviations based on the general symptoms. Based on this, a person can only draw conclusions that it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible and surveys.

It is important not to postpone the campaign to the hospital, since the eye pressure may indicate the presence of serious pathologies that require urgent treatment.

Depending on each specific case, the right research method will be chosen. It should be understood that the technique of surveys will be different when examining a child and an adult. In addition, often the methods are selected, based on additional (accompanying) diseases, symptoms and directly which results must be obtained which diagnosis is assumed and which section of the eye should be examined.

Palparatory research method

The palpator method is considered to be obsolete and not sufficiently reliable. Indeed, it is used extremely rarely - only in cases where instrumental research for any reason cannot be carried out. Such a technology is simple, but does not give reliable results, but only the surface idea of \u200b\u200bwhether intraocular pressure is increased.

The procedure takes place according to this principle: the patient is asked to lower the view, after which the doctor presses at the top of the eyelid fingers and begins to carefully tackle the eyes. A negative point here is that in the process of studying may be a little hurt.

Depending on how pleasure, intraocular pressure will be determined. The denser the eyeball - the indicator above.

The obtained data is fixed using special designations for this principle:

• TN is normal pressure;
• T + 1 - moderate increase in vocabular tone;
• T + 2 is a significant increase in tone;
• T + 3 - excessive increase in tone.

Also, we should not forget that the eye pressure can be reduced. Then similar designations will be used: from T-1 to T-3, depending on how strongly the tone is reduced.

Additionally, the indicators of one eye are compared with the data of the other. A similar method is applied in cases where the tonometry is contraindicated (penetrating injuries, corneal ulcers).

The advantage of such a survey methodology can be considered that it is possible to measure the eye pressure in this way. After conducting a study, you can at least have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhether it is necessary to turn to the doctor or a problem in another.

Conducting a survey on its own, at home, it is necessary to be extremely careful and not too much to pressed on the eyeball, so as not to injure it.

The method of applation tonsometry

In the process of conducting this type of study, the Maclakova Tonometer is used - a universal method for measuring IGD with a set of weights for pressing an eye on the cornea.

The device consists of sex inside a metal cylinder with special glass plates at the end. The procedure is carried out according to this algorithm:

• the device is disinfected and special paint is applied on it;
• anesthesia is introduced into the conjunction, the patient is put on the couch, the specialist becomes the head of the headboard;
• eyelids are moved into the center of the cornea, a weight of 10 grams is lowered;
• pressure is measured twice with a break in 1 minute. Each eye is examined separately. It is customary to start with the right;
• in the place of contact of the loader with a cornea paint with him is erased. Next tolerate the weight on the sheet of paper and print the remaining paint, after which the white spot is measured on the sheet. The more his diameter - the softer the eyeball and, therefore, the lower the tone of the cornea;
• after the study is completed, it is necessary to rinse the eyes of the antiseptic to avoid infection.

Norm: 18-25 mm r. Art.

The benefits of this method include the low cost of the device and simplicity, the speed of the procedure. But there is also a negative point - the possibility of entering the eye infection (this applies to any methods of contact research).

Modern methods of applation tonometry

For such a procedure, a special Goldman Tonometer is used. The manipulation of the anesthesia is carried out. In the eye pre-instinct the solution to improve the image. After that, a special cylinder is applied to the eye, which will determine the necessary power to flatten the cornea.

The procedure requires preliminary training. A special dye, pre-dressed in the cornea, forms a peculiar semiring, which under pressure are sent to each other. The scale is adjusted until the semiring is closed. Next, the specified parameters are checked with a scale installed to calculate the final results.

Method of impression tonometry

To carry out this type of research, the eye tonometer will be required. Perform a procedure only in the hospital. The device records the indicators of the BGD directly at the time of contact with the eyeball. The essence of the procedure consists in indulging the cornea to the eyeball. The harder it is to do it - the higher the VGD.

The type of this study is particularly effective in cases where there is a suspicion of increased intraocular pressure and must be confirmed or eliminating this diagnosis. Used to study tonometer Shiotts. This procedure is very fast and completely painless. That is why the methodology is so popular when examining young children.

Although the applation technique of tonometry is considered more accurate, but this method is suitable in cases where the cornea has an uneven surface.

Contactless method for measuring VGD

Non-contact toneometry is a popular method for researching the Eye DNA, which is used to diagnose a wide range of persons and allows you to get the most accurate results.

The contactless method is as follows: compressed air is sent to the center of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye (the strength and speed of the pressure will be changed during the procedure). Under the influence of the corneal air, the cornea is slightly deformed by issuing an informational picture on the device. On the sides of the device, guiding air, there are special locks of this picture. It is by the nature of the deformation of the cornea can be judged on the level of the WGD.

The procedure is completely safe and painless. At the moment, the medical equipment market offers home-use devices. This will allow to conduct a study at any time independently. The procedure does not require special skills and settings - the portable apparatus itself, when turned on, searches for the necessary angle of air direction to obtain the desired results.

Normal values

Immediately should be clarified that the definition of normal IGD is very difficult. The reason is that each research method has its pros and cons, as well as a separate scale of values. It is extremely difficult to compare the results of two procedures among themselves. To begin with, they need to lead to a universal scale. But it is often difficult to do it difficult, since the readings obtained help determine the diagnosis, make a decision on the appointment of a certain type of treatment, but to docile the results of each other may be not easy.

The norm of the WGD will differ depending on the age of a person, as well as the time of day.

If you evaluate the results of the testimony of the McLakov Tonometer, then people under 60 (including children) norm lies within 10-23 mm Hg. Optimal value: 15-16. In the case of the use of weights in the process of measuring, the readings may be slightly higher and reach 10-25 mm Hg.

An adult ophthalmus can not exceed 25. Other values \u200b\u200bindicate the development of serious diseases and provoke retinal destruction.

Most often, according to statistics, problems with WGD begin with people over 40 years old. In this case, Hyperthonus occurs much more often than reduced pressure.

It is important to take into account the jumps of the WGD throughout the day. In the morning the pressure will be the maximum, but in the evening it will begin to gradually decline. Normally, the difference of indications should not exceed 3 mm Hg.

At the age of 60 years, the value may reach 26-27.

Since sometimes it is quite difficult to determine their testimony, it is necessary to at least periodically visit the doctor to pass a preventive examination to eliminate the presence of this problem and prevent the development of glaucoma.

To which doctor to turn

If any unpleasant feelings in the eyes are noted or there are other testimony to measure WFD, it is necessary to visit the ophthalmologist. The doctor will hold a proper series of studies, on the basis of which the results of which will be decided to appoint a proper course of treatment. If the heightened pressure provokes a neurological or any other pathology, the Okulist will send to the doctor who specializes in this problem.

To the main indications to appeal to the doctor are customary:

• glaucoma. A person with this diagnosis is necessary to pass an inspection of the eyepiece at least 1 time in 3 months. If there is a similar disease in someone in the family, then it is necessary to measure for at least once every 2 years as prevention, even if complaints are completely absent;
• breakfast, redness, dry corneal of the eye;
• frequent headaches accompanied by discomfort or unpleasant feelings in the eyes;
• neurological pathologies;
• impairment of view (decrease in the severity or reduction of the circle of review);
• diseases of cardiovascular and endocrine systems;
• (even at the initial stage);
• eye-eyed or sealing eyeball;
• any deformations of pupil.

If at least one of these factors takes place, it is important to quickly go to the doctor and identify the cause of such deviations.

All these symptoms are very disturbing. They can easily lead to significant deterioration or even loss of vision. The faster the treatment began the root causes - the higher the probability to cope with the problem without any consequences for the body. That is why it is so important not to tighten with a campaign to an ophthalmologist.

In any case, it is this doctor who must be the first to whom should go with such symptoms. Already further it will determine who needs to be applied for treatment. Previously, it is necessary to determine exactly how much eye pressure is increased, because sometimes symptoms may indicate other diseases.

Special tonometers will help measure eye pressure at home. They allow regularly controlling the overall state of the eye bottom. With the help of such devices, the quality of view is improved, which negatively affects dramatically changing under the action of different factors pressure.

With an increase in intraocular indicators, a decrease in the perception of the environment of the environment is noted. Moreover, the progression of hazardous pathological processes is possible, the emergence of serious diseases. If there is a need for constant diagnosing the functional and visual eye capabilities, you should always have a special measuring device at hand.

Measuring methods at home

There are a number of techniques that make it possible to independently check the eye pressure and already at the initial stages to eliminate its failures. It is important to detect signs of glaucoma in a timely manner and prevent its development, since in complicated form, this disease is irreversible. High-pressure of the eye should be subject to proper treatment. For this purpose, drugs in the form of droplets are used, a surgical operation is carried out in the launched cases. As for the measurement of the WGD, this is carried out in several ways.

Features of the palpator-approximate method

To measure the eye pressure at home, it is necessary to determine the resistance of the eyeball in response to the slight pressure of the fingers. The procedure occurs as follows. The person must lower down his eyes, the field of what a finger is fixed in the eyelid and put pressure on the eyeball. Based on tactile perceptions, you can set a sclera density. In particular, with hypotension, it is too soft, too solid, literally stone at high pressure.

This technique is convenient for holding at home, it is often used and ophthalmologists with a primary examination of the patient. The procedure is gentle compared to painful and unpleasant tool surveys carried out in medical institutions.

Features of contactless tonometry

Measuring WGD at home is convenient to carry out a contactless way, for which a special device is used - a tonometer. The indisputable advantage is that it is prevented by testing to organs of vision, as a result of which the probability of infection is minimized, and an irritating factor is abolished.

The positive parties of this measurement should also be attributed to the fact that a person does not experience the slightest painful sensations, discomfort. Using the device, the required indicators will quickly determine. For a few seconds you can find out the overall state of the visual system, designate the risks of the development of any disease.

The patient with a fixed head should look at the bright spot widely opened eyes. The tonometer changes the shape of the cornea under the action of the air flow. This is such a change and indicates the degree of ophthalmotonus.

Varieties of home measuring instruments

At home to determine intraocular pressure, it is customary to use the following types of devices:

• Semi-automatic.
• Mechanical.
• Automatic.

Important! The most accurate is precisely mechanical models. They are easy to use, show the most accurate data.

Structurally, the mechanical tonometer consists of a balloon, which is pumped up air, rubber cuff, phoneneoscope and pressure gauge.

Popular portable tonometers, optimally suitable for home use. In a short period of time, it is possible to determine the exact pressure indicators. For this, a person does not have to take anesthetics, without which the measurement in medical institutions is not conducted.

Such devices are equipped with light tips, which, hitting the central part of the cornea, issue information about WGD. Before use and after the item in contact with the shell of the eye must be carefully sterilized. Otherwise, the risk of infection in the eye is increasing.

The features of a portable tonometer include:

1. Simple control.
2. Saving in the automatic mode of past indicators.
3. The absence of the slightest negative action on the human body.
4. Instruct information is displayed on the monitor.
5. With the correct operation, the portable tonometer issues a single signal indicating the correct measurement of the pressure of the eyes.
6. Such devices often enjoy people who are diagnosed with glaucoma, and requires continuous monitoring of the state of vision. Convenience lies in the fact that the obtained measurements are stored together with the time and date of the manipulation.

With good part, portable devices of the contactless type have proven, with which it is not difficult to follow the state of the eyes. There is no direct contact with the century, which is very convenient and comfortable for a person. It is not surprising that such tonometers are allowed to apply to small children at home. There is no need to use painkillers.

Advantages of contactless models:

• The measuring process is controlled by electronic method, the risk of injury is prevented, the maximum accuracy of indicators is prevented.
• Preventing the reduction of infection due to the contactless effect of the tonometer.
• The possibility of repeated use for patients with too sensitive eyes.
• The external test panel is made of chemical disinfection resistant materials.
• There is no need for anesthesia.
• The eyelo, which is compressed by the rod during the measuring process, does not affect the correctness of the result.
• The ability to conduct a procedure in a sitting or lying position.
• It is allowed to use in the presence of contraindications relative to corneal tonometry.

ICARE Tonometer Overview

People who are diagnosed with an ophthalmus or glaucoma can not always visit the attending physician to check the eye pressure. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly monitor the state of view, otherwise the likelihood of developing the complications of the disease increases.

It is known that pressure indicators throughout the day may vary in large limits. Peak level is not always manifested while visiting an ophthalmologist. An independent and regular measurement of intraocular pressure facilitates and speeds up determining the diagnosis and selection of subsequent treatment.

Using the ICARE tonometer, it is possible in an independent manner and without any difficulties to regulate WGD. Completely absent during the procedure, pain, health is not applied by the slightest harm. Often this device uses people who are diagnosed with glaucoma.

The measurement passes very quickly, is completed by obtaining accurate data on the state of the eyes at a given time. With the cornea contacts a disposable sensor, which is easily replaced. The moment of contact itself is short-lived, is not accompanied by discomfort, the device is very easy, convenient to use.

WGD directly depends on the movement of the eyeball, from the rapid or slow breathing, the pulse, the location of the body and does not hold on one indicators. In order for the study to be correct, it is necessary to carry out several pressure measurements, refine the correct value.

Of the main advantages:

• Maximum accuracy.
• Instant measurement.
• Reflex cornea is not affected.
• Reliability, safety.
• Infection is prevented by the use of disposable sensors.

Key Features:

• The ability to work from the battery.
• Large measuring range.
• Removing the data received on the screen.
• Saving in memory of data on the last 10 measurements.
• Ease of use.
• Single sound - obtaining reliable data, double signal - incorrect pressure measurement.
• The kit includes a case for transportation and storage.

Rules for measuring ing

In order for the procedure to be carried out correctly, it is necessary to comply with uncomplicated rules. In particular, the pressure is subject to regular control, in the case of the slightest indisposition, the procedure is carried out immediately. If a person is hypertensive, view control is carried out daily. When the results after the procedure performed are doubted, it is recommended to repeat after 5-10 minutes.

Procedures that cannot be carried out before measuring the pressure:

• Eating coffee, smoking.
• Prolonged stay under the action of ultraviolet rays.
• Excessive physical exertion.
• Receiving a large amount of calorie food.

How not to be mistaken when measuring eye pressure? Before starting independently at home to control the WGD, it is worth consulting with the attending physician relative to the correct use of the tonometer. With improper operation of the device, false data will be obtained, which may result in incorrect treatment in the future.

The device with which the intraocular pressure is measured (WSD) is called a tonometer. The procedure is assigned to patients who have suspicions for the development of glaucoma or other violations by the auditory authorities. In ophthalmology there is a contact and contactless toneterial, which is prescribed by a doctor individually for each patient. The intraocular pressure of adults and children is carried out in a medical institution, and after the results obtained, treatment is prescribed.

When is the procedure?

Measure the eye pressure at home is quite difficult, so it is better to measure the indicators in an ophthalmic clinic to get the most accurate results. Measure in the following cases:

• neurological disorders;
• progressive glaucoma, in which the measurement of the eye pressure is performed every 3 months;
• the predisposition to increase the pressure inside the eye.

Ophthalmologists advise to check the PDA patients who have pathologies from the endocrine system. To increase the pressure of the eye bottom slopes, especially people with diabetes.

Types of intraocular pressure

The measurement of intraocular pressure is an important diagnostic procedure that will indicate the development of pathology.

Measuring VGD on Maclakov is an important diagnostic procedure by which the pressure force of the visual organ is measured on its wall. If for some reason the values \u200b\u200bare deviated from the norm, it can diagnose glaucoma and other violations of vision. WGD can be high, low or normal. When the patient is checked in intraocular pressure, it is also important to consider the following varieties presented in Table:

Measurement methods

What is the Palpation technique?

Before the patient is assigned to the tearometry of the eye and another analysis of the definition of problems with the visual function, the ophthalmologist first palpates the eyeball. Thus, contactlessly check the ophthalmus. The specialist presses the patient's visual body through the top eyelid. The sclera density is estimated in several stages, which are presented in the table.

The method of palpation of intraocular pressure is not accurate and main, but may indicate the development of pathology. To form a final diagnosis, a tonometric examination is required with the use of different equipment.

Algorithm for applation tonometry

To perform the procedure, the maclakova tonometer, which is distinguished by the availability and ease of use.

In ophthalmology, such a technique is performed using a special device. Maclakova Tonometer for measuring the eye pressure makes it possible for accurately and easily diagnose. The device has a small value and it can be used even at home, but care is required to avoid enhancing infection. The tonometer is made of metal in a cylindrical form, inside which is empty. On both sides of the adaptation to determine intraocular pressure, there are ground plates with matte glass, the diameter of which is not more than 1 mm. The method of measuring IOP provides for the following manipulations:

1. The surface of the device is disinfected and lubricated with a small layer of special paint.
2. The patient takes a horizontal position, and an ophthalmologist bursts painkillers.
3. Intra overlooking pressure must be measured by weight of 10 grams weighing, lowering them smoothly perpendicular to the horn shell.
4. When manipulation, the cornea flatten and the paint in the area of \u200b\u200btouch is erased, leaving a round imprint.
5. The paper sheet is transferred to the resulting prints and measure the diameter by means of a ruler on which divisions are indicated in mm. RT. Art. Ophthalmoconus will be lower with a large area of \u200b\u200btouch.
6. After the toneometry on McLakov was performed, a patient is required to drip drops to prevent pathogenic microflora.

The study of intraocular pressure can be carried out by several methods. Ophthalmologist examination technique is appointed individually for each patient. Measurements are performed using various devices, and it is also possible to diagnose air. Allocate such additional ways to determine the increased / reduced intraocular pressure:

• Goldman meter. Manipulation is similar to measurements on Maclakov, with the only difference that the device is installed on a slit lamp and the measurement is carried out sitting.
• Shiotts method. For the study of WFD, metal rods and loads are required, which operates intraocular pressure. Values \u200b\u200bare evaluated by a special scale.
• Dynamic contour tonometry. Such an eye pressure test refers to the contact methods. The measurement is performed by means of the device, the tip of which is applied to the eyeball. In the center of the tip there is a sensor measuring intraocular pressure.

The measurement of intraocular pressure is a diagnostic procedure that allows us to estimate the degree of pressure of intraocular fluid on the inner shell of the eye. This indicator is very important and informative for an ophthalmologist. On its basis it can be concluded about availability. With the help of eye tonometry, the effectiveness of treatment of this disease is also monitored or determined how well the visual apparatus is restored after the operation. Find out how to measure intraocular pressure correctly, and who needs to regularly carry out this procedure?

Excessively high or low inner eye pressure (WSD), or ophthalmus, is a dangerous symptom. With a high VGD, the capillaries of the eye dNA occurs, individual sections of the mesh shell are injured, and in this place the photosensitive cells can die. As a result, vision worsens. If the optical nerve will be squeezed, it will receive an insufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to its atrophy and irreversible loss of vision.

Low level of ophthalmus - no less dangerous sign. If with high pressure inside the eye there is squeezing capillaries, then at low they are simply not able to push the blood to the "destination point". As a result, atrophy of the tissues of the visual body is occurring, which can also lead to blindness.

High VGD can also serve as a symptom of chronic cardiovascular diseases. Low pressure may indicate hepatic failure or beginning.

Who needs a tonometry of the eyes?

The eye pressure measurement is made by an ophthalmologist according to the indications - the symptoms on which the patient complains. These include:

• Impairment;
• Pellene before his eyes;
• Headache, giving in eyes and whiskey;
• Fast oral overwork;
• Twilight violation;
• Redness of the external shells of the eye;
• Painful tension when trying to concentrate a look at some object;
• Pain, felt during the blink;
• Dry eye syndrome;
• Deformation of pupils;
• The narrowing of the field of view or the loss of its individual sections.

Do not postpone the visit to an ophthalmologist to measure intraocular pressure, since in the early stages it almost does not cause discomfort, and in the later - the chances of saving their eyesight is already small.

Now it is clear why to measure the eye pressure - so as not to miss a favorable time for the effective treatment of disturbed WGD.

Types of intraocular pressure

Pressure inside the eye can be high. Possible reasons:

• Hereditary or congenital anomalies of the structure of the eyeball;
• The liquid inside the eye capsule is secreted in excess;
• Disrupted outflow of intraocular fluid from the capsule.

AGD may be low for the following reasons:

• Pathological development of the eye;
• Eyeball injury;
• Recently, an ophthalmic surgery was transferred.

Additionally, the increased pressure inside the eye is classified. Total distinguish three types:

1. Stable. Dangerous and progressive appearance. WGD increased constantly;
2. Labile. Pressure rises periodically, but independently decreases to the norm;
3. Transient. An increase in intraocular pressure is episodic, but it is rapidly normalized.

If the pressure inside the eye rose once, and it is no longer repeated, most likely, you have had a nervous overvoltage, or the visual apparatus was tired. Temporarily can increase WGD when attacks hypertension.

Palpation for approximate determination of the degree of ophthalmus

Before using hardware diagnostics, the ophthalmus is measured by palpation. This honey gives an exemplary assessment of intraocular pressure. The ophthalmologist can establish the density density of the sclera by pressing onto it through the upper eyelid fingers:

• Overly soft(finger sinks in the eyeball);
• Very soft (the finger is somewhat pressed by the scler);
• Soft (elasticity of the sclera does not reach a little up to the norm, but it is higher than with the degree "very soft";
• Normal (intraocular pressure normally);
• Moderate (with palpation there is an increased sclera density);
• Increased (Eye apple to the touch is very dense);
• Stone (The scler is so hard that when pressed, the finger is not at all - like a stone).

This method of assessing ophthalmotonus is inaccurate, but informative enough. Subsequently, hardware eye tonometry can be assigned. But it can be limited to this method if the patient has pathologies of a horny or mesh shell. Palpation is also well tolerated by children.

Contact Methods of Eye Tonometry

There are several contact devices for measuring eye pressure. Their advantage is the great accuracy of the data obtained (up to 1 millimeter of the mercury pillar). The disadvantages of contact methods of the eye tonometry are to enclose infection and the need for anesthesia before the procedure. Such devices are suitable for measuring VGD only in adults, as children can resist, resulting in injury.

Maclakova method

The most accurate testimony of the pressure inside the eye gives the method of maclak. Algorithm for measuring VGD while this is:

1. The patient is convenient to stay in Cuckacter. He drove special drops into his eyes as a local anesthesia;
2. Maclakova tonometer consisting of two weights in the form of hollow cylinders from metal - they are wetted in a safe color solution;
3. One cargo is placed on the central area of \u200b\u200bthe cornea of \u200b\u200bthe right, and the second - left eye;
4. Loads are removed and put on paper to obtain prints from the residues of the coloring substance;
5. The patient burst antiseptic drops for the prevention of infection and offer to get up from the couch.

Traces left by weights on paper, strictly defined size, which depends on how many paint remains on the cornea. If the paints imprinted little - the pressure is low, if much is high. The sizes of stains are measured by a specially graded line with which the degree of otem is translated into millimeters of a mercury pillar.

Goldman Tonometer

Recently, they often make the procedure not on McLakov, but use the Goldman instrument, although the techniques for measuring intraocular pressure are similar to each other. In both cases, anesthesia is needed and a dye solution.

The Goldman apparatus is installed on a slit lamp. After injection of anesthesia and the coloring solution to the patient's cornea, a prism applies. It presses on the shell, flattening it and forming painted semirings. The pressure is gently adjusted so while these semirings are not monitored at one point. Then the exact scale is determined by the exact VGD.

Shiottsa method

In adults, intraocular pressure is often measured according to the method of shiotts. It is also associated with pressure on the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe cargo of some mass on the metal rod. There are also local anesthesia to the patient, but there is no need to use coloring solutions. The eye is applied to the eyeball, which is from the inside there is an eye pressure. It prevents pressure presses, as a result, on the device deviates towards the arrow. The arrows have a special scale, the values \u200b\u200bof which are checked with what are listed in the calibration table. As a result, the ophthalmologist receives the exact value of the ophthalmotonus.

Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT)

This is a contact diagnostic method that does not allow any other ways to measure the CBS to deform the cornea during the procedure. How do I mean vgs using the DCT? An apparatus tip is applied to the eyeball: it is made in the form of a hollow figure corresponding to the patient's horny shell. In the center of the tip is a small pressure sensor.

Advantages of the DCT is the independence of the sensor readings from the curvature and the thickness of the cornea. Moreover, the sensor allows you to dynamically track intraocular pressure over the entire procedure, which usually takes only 8 seconds, and its readings are stored in computer memory.

Methods of measuring VGD without contact with the horny shell of the eye

Patients with pathologies of the eye shells and children are more convenient to determine intraocular pressure by contactless way. His main dignity is in the painlessness of the procedure and the exclusion of the risk of entering the eye infection. However, the testimony that the contactless tonometer gives is less accurate. But in most cases, they are sufficient to diagnose and track the state of eyeballs of the patient.

Air flow tonometers

Among the contactless devices for measuring the ophthalmus are popular devices that feed the airflow on the cornea. The essence of the methodology is as follows:

1. The patient holds eyes open and focuses the view on a light point;
2. The device turns on, and it begins to feed the air jet directly to the center of the horny shell;
3. Under the pressure of the air at the site of the cornea is deformed;
4. A special sensor estimates the degree of corneal deformation and gives an assessment of an ophthalmotonus.

At low pressure, even a very easy air jet is able to deform the horn shell. And with an increased ophthalmusus, the cornea is practically not pressed. These changes and fix the device. However, his testimony is inaccurate at low vgs, but allow us to highly appreciate the high pressure.

Optical coherent tomography (Oct)

This is a contactless technique that helps to very accurately explore various fabrics of the eyeball. In the eyes of a patient who is asked to focus on a specific point, the infrared flow is directed. It is projected on the mesh shell. As a result, an interference picture appears. In one procedure, the ophthalmologist receives several such pictures, for diagnostics, it chooses the best of them (where everything clearly seen). Based on the chosen picture, the doctor makes up tables, protocols and cards, and already judges the magnitude of the ophthalmotonus.

Important! Octa makes it possible to diagnose glaucoma, retinal pathologies of the eye and optic nerve in the early stages. But the method has a high risk of false negative and positive conclusions. Therefore, it is desirable to conduct additional diagnostics to confirm or exclude the alleged diagnosis.

Portable Tonometers

For people suffering from strong glaucoma, it is important several times a day to determine the ophtalmotonus. How to measure eye pressure at home without visiting the doctor every time? For this there are special portable appliances. They discove the VGD to contact way.

To measure eye pressure at home, the ICARE device is often used. It has replaceable sensors that need to make an instant to the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye. Since a disposable sensor, infection is practically excluded. And a short contact time ensures the absence of painful sensations of the procedure that can be done independently or with the help of loved ones.

Important! The pressure inside the eye is constantly changing. It depends on breathing, heartbeat and other factors. Therefore, for more accurate indications, it is advisable to take several testimony at a time, and for true to take their average value.

The value of intraocular pressure is an important indicator of the health of the visual organ. It allows you to judge the presence of such a disease as glaucoma, which is constantly progressing and in the absence of treatment leads to blindness. With regular disorders of the ophthalmus, it is important to determine their cause. Perhaps it contributes to some kind of chronic disease. Then normalize the pressure inside the eye will help the treatment of the main disease.