Interior lighting is one of the most important elements in the design of each room. Undoubtedly, it is considered correct when you do not notice it. It does not create discomfort, it does not annoy, but helps to relax and relax.

With the help of competently selected light, you can make a real masterpiece from the simplest room.

We prepared for our readers a unique selection from the photo of the best interior designs with competently built lighting. We hope they will inspire you.

If you approach this issue with full responsibility, then you can make the space of any premises much more attractive. Correct illumination can turn a dark and gloomy room in warm and hospitable abode.

If you decide to add an extravagant floor lamp to the interior or a dazzling chandelier, then keep in mind that this shine will attach attention to itself without giving the opportunity to distract something else.

When it comes to combining the functionality and restrained situation, there is nothing more effective than the built-in lamps. Elegant, stylish and hidden, they are an excellent addition to the modern house.

Create a dreamy and romantic atmosphere in the bedroom with rationally used built-in lighting. Project Design from Stotler Design Group

In-depth lamps are a much more important part of the interior than sculptural flooring or stylish modern lamps. They can clearly not demonstrate the surrounding environment, but are absolutely necessary in order to simulate magnificent and well-lit spaces.

Modern residential room with built-in lighting, creating soft shades on the wall with artwork from Utopia Projects

Lighting in the kitchen as the art of a smooth combination of form with functionality from the group of architects CHR DAUER

Minimalist style bedroom with built-in lights emphasizing the colorful works of contemporary art from Ian Engberg

Customized ceiling backlight looks amazing with in-depth light sources from Griffin Enright Architects

Mute lights located above the bed create a soothing atmosphere from Designers Best Builders

Modern living room with recessed lamps in the ceiling arch from Hartman-Baldwin Design

The distance plays an important role in ensuring perfect built-in lighting from Marilza Tavanielli

Relaxed and pacifying atmosphere in the bedroom with built-in lights

Hidden, focused and functional ...

Built-in lights or lights (as they are sometimes called), bring with them many functions. Duplication of the lamp on top can provide even, smoothly flowing lighting on one side, and targeted and focused on the other.

It is indispensable as an excellent addition to the arrangement of modern ergonomic cuisine.

Since this is one of those rooms in a house where functionality has a priority over the shape and elegance, recessed lamps will work perfectly here. The area over the bathroom and over the headboard in the bedroom are also two popular places where the lights create special magic and charm!

Light your favorite items and valuable works of art by nonsense lights of built-in lamps

Ergonomic white kitchen with green accents and excellent lighting

The competent development of light and shadow, and the corresponding lighting is of great importance in modern interior design. This, as a rule, makes a big impression and makes the interiors with some sterile and impractical.

Therefore, it is important to balance spraying, modesty and minimalism. This is the need that need to be observed in the organization of built-in lighting in modern homes.

Interesting combination of suspended and built-in lighting in the bedroom

The kitchen is one of the premises in the house, which usually requires a variety of lighting devices.

Orange and yellow panels used with built-in lamps to create a unique interior from Peter A. Sellar

Patio space illuminated in warm and fabulous tones. Interior design from Brown "s

Built-in lighting is used instead of suspended lamps in the kitchen. Design from Cameron C. Habel Construction

Small spaces are ideal for recessed lights

Elegant built-in lamps can offer focused lighting in the kitchen. Design Bunker Workshop.

Several light levels for perfect design

The best design designers of the world claim that the creation of an ideal atmosphere in the room is more dependent on lighting, especially when it comes to color and style.

A number of levels with recessed lamps in combination with elegant natural light during the daytime is the perfect way to achieve such a goal.

It must be remembered that no type of light sources does its work in full. Such embedded items are often used as backlight. But they can not be the only one in most rooms.

Combine them with suspended chandeliers and floor lamps to get the desired result and create an original approach in interior design.

Ceiling lighting can be used to separate the common space that smoothly turns into the living area

Clean dining room with built-in lamps and a large pendant lamp from Arnold Schulman design group

The lighting organization has become much more complicated in the modern era. For designers and customers, with restrained colors and muted shades, it becomes more important than ever. Properly equipped, it can make even the simplest shades in the interior.

If you do everything wrong, you can get dark corners along with gloomy shadows that will prevail in the setting. Several diverse light sources can be combined to eliminate this problem.

Combined Natural Lighting with Built-in Lamps for Finished Mark English Architects

Gray interior with stylish ceiling and embedded lamps. Arnal Photography design

Dressing table with built-in lighting. Sullivan design studio

Place recessed lamps to get uniform lighting

Bathroom in white color with a pacifying atmosphere

Use multiple levels of lighting to displace any dark areas. Design Ed Ritger Photo

Proper lighting is of paramount importance for a comfortable working space.

When it comes to determining the optimal distance between recessed lamps, here you will not meet the exact and universal rule. Nevertheless, the simplest solution will put 12 centimeter luminaires at a distance of about one and a half meters between the rows and about 90 centimeters from each other.

The intensity of the lighting will depend on their placement, which you want to obtain both the focus on those areas you want to allocate.

Built-in sources are perfectly suitable for highlighting modern paintings on the walls or a small sculpture in the corner. The choice of the right finish also depends largely on the existing color gamut of the room and the surrounding interior.

Proper lighting in combination with hidden recessed lamps for creating artistic interiors. Design Joie Wilson.

Simple embedded functional lighting in the kitchen from Cynthia Lynn

Well-hosted built-in lamps emphasize the best details of the room, while the light itself remains invisible! It is like a real Lacmus paper in the decoration of the premises. Creating a warm, attractive and pleasant aura, they give free spaces a whole new life filled with radiance.

Wooden beams allow you to add built-in lighting with ease and elegance

Eliminate all the dark corners that are uniformly located lights. Design from Revealing Assets

Built-in lighting is a popular choice in the design of modern kitchen. Interior from Core Architects

The backlight of the rear view mirrors looks even more beautiful with tiny recessed lamps. SCOTT HAIG interior design

Bedroom interiors in tropical style with accents on built-in lighting from Causa Design Groupp

Rail lighting and embedded lamps are sparkling in this elegant kitchen. Interior De Anza.

The veranda and eaves with the built-in lighting of the facade from the company STELLE LOMONT ROUHANI Architects create a soft and attractive aura

Illuminated niche

Niche indoors - not today's invention. They found wide use of thousands of years ago. Their main function was the decorative design of the walls.
If there are different in the wall in the form and the size of the deepening, it gives the living room elegance. And the backlight in the niches forms the original volumetric picture, which in this place will be the source of lighting.

Illuminated cabinets

In many countries, furniture without built-in backlight is no longer released or, at a minimum, offer embeding lamps as an additional option!
The illumination of the cabinet performs two functions at once: practical and decorative. Therefore, highlighting products have significant advantages: the lighting of the filling and the contents of the cabinet allows you to quickly find the necessary things in it; The backlight in the zone in front of the mirror improves the usability of furniture; Illumination elements allow you to diversify furniture design and make the interior of the room more interesting. The optimal option is a closet light with a motion sensor!

Illuminated mirrors

A lightweight mirror in the bathroom is not only beautiful, but also convenient. With it, you can fulfill all the necessary hygienic procedures with comfort. To date, you can find mirrors with built-in backlight, they are very comfortable and practical, have a stylish and modern appearance.
Illuminated mirrors have a number of advantages, namely: small dimensions, which allows saving free space; They complement and emphasize the modern style of the interior of the bathroom;
very convenient to use, as well as easy to care;
easy to install.

Backlighting pictures

Pictures themselves are a significant element of the decor, which one way or another attracts a lot of attention. But fashion trends contribute a new vision of a comfortable and aesthetically attractive setting. Today, the current component of the interior becomes illumination and illumination for paintings in particular
On the one hand, the light aimed at the canvas to an even greater degree emphasizes attention to them, on the other, changes their perception.

This floor lamp can boast not only with its rich history, but also a solid position in the list of topical interior items. The French word "Torche" means "torch". It is he who is a distant relative of the modern outdoor lamp. In the Middle Ages, the torches were attached to the walls. A little later, such a light began to install on special racks, which were popular until the 17th century. In the 18-19th centuries, floor lamps were an integral part of the most luxurious interiors. They decorated the palace halls and were only available for representatives of nobility and secured classes. Throughout a few centuries, the lamp continues his rich life in the 21st century. And, despite the diversity of forms and design decisions, the purpose of the flooring remains unchanged - to illuminate the space by filling it with a soft and cozy light.

Housing lighting is one of the first-axis design. You can even say - the design of the apartment lighting is the first of the first-axis projects. A competent housing project just begins with the development of lighting: when it comes to stone, concrete and metal, it will be very difficult to correct the errors, and it is not possible at all.

However, the "lighting design" is a complex and multifaceted concept. The light should be healthy and comfortable, show the appearance of the room and express the personality of its owner. Accordingly, the lighting design consists of three other disciplines arising:

• General lighting design, or just lighting or lights. It creates a physiologically substantiated background, on which everything else is located. By analogy with construction, this is a supporting design or, more precisely, a hall with stage and acoustics, in which a violin quartet, and rock band can perform with the same success.
• Light architecture He emphasizes the conceptual direction of the premises and shows the worldview of its inhabitants. Light architecture is an external and internal, interior. Some interior styles, such as modern and high-tech, without appropriate lighting are generally unrealized: the interior loses expressiveness.
• And finally lightsign in the interior, or LED interior - Analog Furniture and Decor: It expresses the individuality of the owner. Unlike the first two, the LED interior is plastic, just like furniture, figurines and pictures can be changed and moved.

Such a separation is not completely contrived, it occurs in the most natural way. Take a look at the drawing: And without explanations it is clear that on the left - the design of the lighting, in the center - the light architecture, and on the right - the lights of the interior.

A full-fledged design project includes all three components, but it is impossible to describe them in one article, so in this speech it will be about the original and most important: the general design of the lighting of the apartment. The elements of the light architecture and the LED interior will be mentioned as necessary when it is impossible to solve the overall lighting task without them.

Types of lighting

All three types of LEDs work with the lighting of natural, common (background), local, workers and decorative. Natural has to take such as it is, limited to a light dictionaround (see below): mitigating, reflection, scattering. Other things, the general rules are as follows:

1. The background should be as possible with a best, fuel. Our ancient instincts see in deep shadow the danger, which creates psychological discomfort. In practice, the sake of simplicity and savings are achieved by half and openwork shadows.
2. Local lighting should emphasize the interior and decor details, so the main requirement for it is a suitable spectrum, see the section on the properties of light.
3. Working coverage is also locally, but is no longer on the subject, but to the eye: you need optimal brightness and spectrum in the physiological limits of perception.
4. To decorative lighting (for example, the ceiling illumination) requirement one: it should not be harmful to influence health.

Note: there is an informal type of lighting - background illumination. It will also be discussed about it, and the requirement for it is opacity when looking outside.

Rules and norms

Lighting should be favorably influenced by sight, psyche and general health, so let's start with sanitary and hygienic requirements. The rules of lighting apartments are regulated by physical parameters and "natural and artificial lighting"; Sanpin 1278-03 remains in force for old buildings, but for the design of new invalid. Aesthetics nowhere is not prescribed. The basic requirements are:

• illumination of shared residential rooms, kitchens and gym - 150 LCs; Children's - 200 LCs; working office - 300 lk; hallway, toilet combined bathroom - 50 LCs; Bathroom, saunas, swimming pools - 100 LCs;
• natural illumination coefficient of CEO with lateral lighting for shared residential rooms, kitchen, pool and gym - 0.5; Children's - 0.7; working office - 1.0; hallway, toilet, combined bathroom, bathroom, saunas - not regulated;
• for a swimming pool with a gym, a generalized indicator of psychological discomfort UGr Suppose 60 in the ripples of artificial lighting up to 20% for the bathroom and toilet, it is not regulated; For the rest of the premises UGr \u003d 0.

Notes:

1. All values \u200b\u200bare minimally permissible. A cloudy autumn day in an open-air illumination is more than 10,000 LCs, so that "busting" can not be afraid - so much electricity in the wiring does not happen.
2. KEO for upper natural lighting is not considered; The lateral CEO is measured in the horizontal plane of the floor.

But what is these CEO and UGR? Let's see, starting with CEO, it is easier. To take up UGR, you will have to figure out a little in the properties of light.

Keo.

Keo, simply put - the proportion of natural light coming into the room. If, for example, the luxmeter on the floor of the open balcony showed 400 lux, and on the floor in the center of the adjacent room 250 LCs, then the Keo will be 250/400 \u003d 0.625. The norm is sustained.

How to determine keo?

At home, Keo is quite simply determined by the camera, if it is not completely soapny:

• We take a white sheet of paper (not plastic or film) with a larger format, to a clear noon put on the floor balcony or to the ground under the window, we put the camera on the priority of the diaphragm (mode A) and measure the exposure on it.
• The same is done in the room, standing face to the window. The ratio of excerpts (and modern cameras measure them up to 1/3 - 1/4 of the stage) and will give Keo.

Example: exposure on paper on the street - 1/60 s, and in the room - 1/40 s. Keo will be 40/60 \u003d 0.67.

UGr.

The UGR discomfort coefficient is calculated by the formula from the International Standard EN 12464-1. In its basis - the so-called stiffness of the light, which in regulatory documents for some reason is called stronger (and who only invented such nonsense, when in Russian there is a simple and understandable word? Sacred corporate language, or how?) Very bright light can be soft And favorable for sight, and dull tough - annoy and spoil it.

Light rigidity is determined by three parameters of the light stream: degrees of polarization, coherence and spectrum. The light stream consists of a huge number of elementary particles from the class of bosons - photons, which are simultaneously quantams of electromagnetic radiation with a certain frequency, phase and directions of electrical and magnetic vectors. UGR varies from 0 to 100.

Polarization

The degree of polarization shows which part of the photons of the direction of field vectors coincide. A cloudy sky and incandescent lamps are general polarization near zero, in a clear sky and fluorescent lamps - a few percent units, up to 20%; Glare from mirror surfaces and light from quantum sources - lasers, LEDs - can be polarized by 100%. Light is considered soft with polarization up to 10%. Directional reflection and refraction of light increase its polarization.

You can check the polarization of light by a photographic poareture filter: Polaroid, looking through it, rotate 180 degrees. If the overall brightness does not change significantly, the light is considered comfortable, and in disappearance or weakened can immediately see the sources of light tightening.

Coherence

The degree of coherence shows which the fraction of the light quanta coincide their phases. Lightness of light is determined by the length of the coherence of the coherence - the length of the light flux section in which the degree of coherence exceeds 50%. It is precisely because of the rather high coherence of light photos with an outbreak leaving lifeless. It is impossible to determine the length of the CGUG coherence at home, but under normal lighting, the absence of noticeable polarization indicates a negligible small CHUG coherence. The exception is the same quantum sources: the coherence of their light can reach 100% at a distance of several meters.

Spectrum

The eye easily adapts to an effective color lighting temperature: if on a clear day it is 5,700 k, then in a cloudy - 6300 K, and at sunset it drops to about 2000 K. But the Sun spectrum is thermal, smooth (in fig. Left) Therefore, thermal light sources are best suited for sight: incandescent lamps are ordinary, xenon, crypton, freon, halogen. Unfortunately, they are uneconomical, so modern housing lighting is increasingly being built on the use of luminescent lamps.

A luminescent spectrum (in the middle in Fig.) - Pseudo-brain, in its envelope there are noticeable failures. The objects of flowers coinciding with the failures, visually with artificial lighting seems darker, which creates a disharmony. In addition, the preparation of pseudo-boiled light requires some increase in the intensity of the spectral zones, which is also not very good.

Nevertheless, scientists with engineers are tirelessly working on improving luminescent lamps, and modern models with a three-layer phosphor give light, practically not inferior to the sunny abdomen.

How to check the quality of light?

At home, the quality of light from the bulb-housekeeper can be roughly determined if there is something low-power on the farm with powered by solar panels: calculator, receiver. The procedure is as follows:

• "Calibrate" the device of incandescent bulb by 40-60 W: We say, at what distance from it the battery will give a working current and the device will turn on.
• We bring it to the luminescent lamp: if the distance on which the battery "stood" has decreased by no more than 2.5 times, the light is comfortable. The power of the audachable light can be within 13-24 W; For 9-11 watts, the battery run distance decreases by another 1.5 times.

Example: The device was included 0.6 m from the incandescent lamp and 15 cm from 11 W housekeeping. 60/15 \u003d 4, and 2.5x1.5 \u003d 3.75. Lamp rubbed "alternative"; It will go except for local lighting.

Additions to SNiP 23-05-95 are allowed to use LED lamps, provided that sanitary standards are observed, but for general lighting rooms, they are absolutely not suited not only by polarization with coherence, but also on the spectrum: it is synthetic, island (in fig. Right). The point here is not so much in the fact that the items that have fallen in the deaf of his failures will seem black.

The main harmfulness of the island spectrum is a high concentration of energy in the peaks of the envelope required to create the desired total brightness of white. Energy peaks overload visual sensors of the eyes, which spoils eyesight and health at all. By analogy: the blow on the head of the pillow is that it will be angry, and the brick can be stopped.

Therefore, the main areas of the use of LEDs in the housing lighting - the design of the ceiling lighting and backlight / illumination, and the light ribbons are extremely preferably located behind the eaves, so that even polarization with coherence due to diffuse reflection decreased.

About superficial brightness

According to sanitary standards, the surface brightness of light sources should not exceed 200 kD / sq. M. Halogens, giving a very favorable thermal spectrum, far go out for this threshold, representing point light sources. Therefore, they are necessary to hide them when covering the working area, it is necessary to hide for a visor or drag into furniture, and for general lighting, it is used to use lamps with matte caps or a diffuse movement of light, directing it onto a white ceiling or walls.

Video: Errors in the LED

Went Sveodizign

The design of the lighting of the room begins with a light-cutting of natural lighting. Then artificial artificial should be tied to it: light shock from inclusion too bright light is also harmful. The binding is done to determine the required power of light sources.

Then, according to the original interior layout, the types and range of lighting devices, their technical characteristics are chosen. At the same time, it is often necessary to refine the layout.

The next step is, and the result is the electrical scheme of the apartment lighting. And only after that the light "passes" into the construction project, which can again require different kinds of improvements.

On the concepts of light

There are two common approaches to lighting: European and American.

1. The basis of the European - as unifying people an element, then the most cozy brightly illuminated place, according to which Hamingway was forgotten.
2. The American concept is economical and individual, on its basis. To hell there is a gathering, I'll throw in your corner with a glass of whiskey, and that the counter is less winding.

Both and the other approach allow to obtain background almost blowing lighting, and the ceiling or scattered halogenki instead of the chandelier allow you to apply synthetic approach: the ceiling light is invited via a double switch, and sconce with individual switches. The problem of multiple wires is solved by the walls of the walls and the ceiling, the electrical shocks are hidden under it.

Independent proper lighting of the apartment comes down to its lighting Painting, we will do it.

Video: Alternative Subjective view of lighting types

Natural light

Passing through the glass or reflecting from the mirror, direct natural light can be too tough. In addition, the light from the window should not be too sharp, excessively directed.

Mitigate the hard light of translucent or openwork barriers - tulle, organza. They also dispel the light that has long been used to optimize natural lighting.

Nowadays, there is a means that allows you to direct the light where necessary, without using the polarizing mirrors: vertical tissue blinds. Even if their panels are located in parallel rays, they due to diffraction knock down the rigidity of light to an acceptable value. The turn of the panels gives a diffuse reflection in the right direction, and shifting them, you can intercept part of the light stream and send to a dark angle. You can already find "smart" blinds, automatically supporting the optimal lighting mode, but also for self-delicacies familiar with electronics, there is a huge field of unpaked.

Artificial lighting

General rules

To link the interior design with light it is useful to remember the following:

• Light and color give space if they are consistent with the spectrum: the backlight is blue red will give only a failure.
• The plane is tensile to the direction of light flows.
• Premises with a common light design tone need to be illuminated evenly, and dark - on zones.
• Zones are illuminated evenly.
• Working light should be white.
• Local light for colored objects is also needed white, and for white is possible color.
• Deep shadows are undesirable anyway.

About halogens

Halogen lamps create decent gentle lighting with a small power consumption, because Uniformly distributed over the ceiling, form a similarity of the radiating plane. But the shadows under furniture will be deep, so in residential rooms halogenki need to be deprived of "dotes" as described above. In small rooms (kitchen, hallway), do not look at me, and there halogens for general lighting can be used without any.

Determine the power of the world

Behind the support take a light bulb, tested for the quality of light. To determine the overall power to illuminate the room, measure the one-generated one, suspended to the ceiling, lighting on the floor in the center. If there is no opportunity to use a luxmeter or give an application to the SES to measure the illumination, the same camera will help: put it in S mode (exposure priority), and measure the exposure on the white sheet. The value of approximately 100 lux corresponds to 0.5 s with a diaphragm A \u003d 2.8, 1 С at a \u003d 4 and 2 s at a \u003d 5.6.

Example: The lens of the chamber with the maximum "hole" 4. The measurement made an exposure of 4 s. Illumination - no more (1/4) x100 \u003d 25 LC. To create a general illumination in 150 LCs, at least 6 such light bulbs are needed.

Select sources

The overall design of the lighting of the room is determined not only by the properties of their light, but also the diagrams of the DN direction, see fig. Cardioid DN is preferable for general lighting of any medium-sized premises.

Cardioid gives one lamp or their group in the ceiling. If the bulbs are horizontally located, the cardioid will be stretched down; If vertically flasks down, the days stretch to the sides. The first preferably for rooms with dark furniture; Second - for light.

The eight is obtained from the cardioid if the lamp is equipped with a lower reflector ("pallet"). It is similar to the properties with a cardioid, but more suitable for illumination of large areas or rooms with high ceilings.

Fan DN have lamps in the reflector. The reflector is already deeper than the deeper, the less place is located. Used for local, working and zonal lighting. Lamps with fan, adjustable in height, allow you to successfully solve the problem of illumination of a common one-room apartment: lifting them and lowering, you can adjust the dimensions of the zones with the light.

DN-petal give sconces. The "ear" petal can be tight up or down, depending on the location of the lamp: the flask up or down, respectively. In the horizontal plane of the DN Bra - Cardioid. In the American system, the sconce is customary to use with the ear of the day up; In the European - ear down and less power, for temporary work lighting.

The sirens-square (light, radar) DN has the most important advantage: within the light spot, the illumination is theoretically ideal, and almost almost uniform. It is technically difficult to achieve QC DN, but almost such a table lamp with a light bulb flask up and a large hemispherical absentee-reflector over it. Seen on the drawings of Lenin's desk lamp? Whoever he was, but, all his life processing the mountains of documents, the need for glasses has not experienced.

About raster luminaires

Raster luminaires are suitable for large public spaces with high ceilings. In residential rooms, this is the case when the optimal brightness light turns out to be unacceptable hard.

Placement of lamps

Placement of lamps We will analyze on the examples, because It is impossible to give a universal recipe for any tastes and needs. The total only one thing is evrevice. American Light Nowhere, except for the extremely utilitarian US, did not fit, and in Puritan England, too.

Living room

Lighting is based on in the center of the ceiling, see Rice on the left and in the center. Day for bright living rooms - cardioid; For large, complex shape and dark eight; This allows not waste of excess capacity to illuminate walls and angles. If a light drywall ceiling is arranged (right), an even more economical gentle background can be achieved by halogens, and the decorative LED light will fit into it.

Bedroom

- The only room where not only admissible, but also recommended: changing her color, you can change the mood of the room for sleep, awake holiday or what else is engaged in the bedroom. For the "bed" zone, it is sufficiently illumination of the sconce or floor lamps (see Fig), but the ceiling lamp should be shifted to the center of the wake-up zone. A fan is very good with a wide open position, adjustable in height: the size of the waking zone can be changed according to the use of the bedroom to the current moment.

Lighting the bedroom perfectly complements the LED illumination of the window. Ribbons are placed around the perimeter of the window opening so that they shine along the glasses, and from the inside they are equipped with an organosis. On the bed in such a bedroom, with an incredible window, it is unbelievable, and nothing, except, possibly vague shadows, will not see.

Children's

For children's eyes, hard light beats especially strongly, so you need a matte ceiling or halogenki with frosted caps. Lighting options are shown in the figure; Right - formally correct, and psychologically unacceptable. Ports all dark decorative clouds. Who is cozy all the time to live under the thunderstorm sky? Certainly not to children.

Kitchen

For lighting optimal halogens. The shadows under furniture here are not thrown into the eyes, and halogens not only harden the kitchen wiring (which is also loaded in the apartment), but also self-sewing from the settlement chad, because When working greatly heated. How to get rid of the dotty halogen, is described above; An example of a successful LED kitchen is shown in the picture on the left - the work area must be dominated in the light in the kitchen.

Parishion

Illumination of the corridor should be primarily uniform: - the face of the house, and, I apologize, decent citizens with a peasive rye to people are not shown. Economical LED backlighting due to a cornice with a rectification from a white matte ceiling, on the left in fig., It is quite justified: in the hallway they are not delayed for a long time, but the most common matte plafones will go in the center.

But funeral lighting solutions, as in Fig. On the right, you should avoid: at the visitor, the conversation with which for you may be fundamentally important, there may be a subconscious impression that he has not come to a promising subordinate or potential partner, but in the castle of Dracula.

Bathroom

Optimal lighting and - smooth, soft, practically bestned, as in Fig. left. Deep shadows, glare, stains, as on two rice. On the right, and the peres of the skin will not be allowed to be revealed during the wash, and the intestinal peristalsis will make sluggish. This is solved, as a rule, with just one ceiling on the ceiling - baths are separated by light, well reflective materials.

In the lamps - incandescent lamps. Light in the bathroom by day does not blame, so the savings are not important, but the glare surfaces are more than enough. In addition, by housekeepers stubcounted in moisture-proof lamps, electronics quickly fails.

Working lighting of the mirror - matte halogens (second on the left post in Fig.), As in the nursery, but the reason is already different: the cutting eyes of the point will not let the seal of small flaws of appearance, which will then be noticeable to others.

Studio apartment

Studio lighting is based on the principle of promoting zoning. A successful example is shown in rice on the left. Raisin - shifted in the center of the recreation area ceiling ceiling ceiling with octoral day. In combination with a directional flow of light from the window, such a common light makes effective any other ways to zoning the room.

About stretch ceilings

The lighting of stretch ceilings is technically reduced to the selection of the heat-based energy and density of the energy flow (PPE) of the radiation of the lamps and the material of the ceiling, but this is a separate topic, which is not relating to the LED. As for it as such, the stretch ceilings were just invented for the sake of full light self-expression (see Fig.) Therefore, there are no ways to cover them anywhere and are not regulated in any way, but to give instructions to exit the idea.

But one advice is still needed: Provides in case of turning off the beauty of the unspecified in the interporal space, the weak backlight into the tone of the overall design, as on the trail. Fig. left. Otherwise, the flapping ceiling can spoil the peaceful comfort of the rooms, which can be seen in the right.

Video: Examples of ceiling lighting

And about warm? Not forgotten!

Even the most economical bulbs - the housekeeping is distinguished quite a lot of heat. Installation of lamps need to be conducted with this circumstance. Instructions are attached to the lighting devices (or they can be found by branded designation), which indicates the permissible power of the lamps, the distance to the walls, etc. These instructions must be adhered to, but there is a nuance for the housekeeping: their heat dissipation in watts is calculated separately. The network voltage is known, and the current consumed is indicated on the base.

The fact is that the electrical system of the housekeeper has quite greater reactivity, and the designation of power on the package shows the effective power consumed, how much the counter warts. Some time after turning on the heat, the housekeeper will allocate more, and then it will allocate less. Quickly burning housekeepers - the result of their premises in the deaf close plaffers, so let's breathe well in the general light bulbs.

Although technically light is not a design element, it is also important in the interior. We perceive the environment due to the light: the light lives the space, opening the shape, texture and colors. Successful lighting scheme can highlight the design and design of the house, which makes it alive and improves the quality of accommodation.

So what is the light?

Shine It is a product of severe heat and the hot source, the brighter the light. Natural daylight from the sun is a mixture of various color wavelengths that go into each other and eyes perceive them as white light.

White light It has a wide spectrum and shows all colors, while weaker light sources have a narrower wavelength range and increase some colors over others.

Example: With candlelight, the light has a higher share of wavelengths of warm tones, while the moonlight has a higher proportion of cold waves. So, despite similar intensity, warm red tones and skin color look better with candles, and the cold tones look better in bright moonlight than with candles.

Natural light

Natural light He emphasizes the beauty of any interior and thanks to white can maximize pale cold colors, reflective surfaces and mirrors. During the repair or expansion of the room, you can consider adding windows or increase their size to fall more natural light.

Light changes the shade, brightness and saturation of the color. Daylight changes dramatically depending on the weather, season, time of day, location and latitude. Northern light, for example, quite constant in the intensity and mixture of color wavelengths, so that the color does not change during the day. That is why artists prefer studios that illuminates the Northern Light.

When choosing the color you want to use in the room, keep in mind the type and amount of natural light that penetrates it. You can accommodate several color samples in the room (smears on the wall) and see how it changes. Warm colors look better in the warmth of the world and vice versa.

Artificial light

All lamps emit a different amount and quality of light depending on how they are made and how they feed. All of them are suitable for various applications.

There are many types of incandescent lamps. But they gradually displacing energy-saving lamps.

Incandescent lamps emit warm white light while luminescent and energy-saving lampstend to emit light with a greenish tint. Halogen lamps have a pleasant light that is colder than light from incandescent lamps, but the majority need a transformer (they require 12V power supply).

When choosing a light bulb, keep in mind that:

far light sources produce sharp shadows - the further the point of the source, the sharp shadow

wide light sources produce scattered shadows and soft reflections

Space lighting methods

3 interior lighting options:

general lighting

direct lighting

local lighting

General lighting

General lighting Provides uniform, diffused light, which allows you to see easily and safely move. The surrounding lighting produces very little shadow and can be soft, as it does not define the form. The best way to achieve overall lighting in the room is a reflection of light from the walls (using built-in ceiling or wall lights) or ceiling (using lamps or sconces).

Using the lighting from the bottom up provides good, multiple light, which is more interesting than direct ceiling lighting.

Another plus lighting directions from the bottom up is that it "raises" the ceiling, making it easier and visually more distant - a good trick in a room with a low ceiling and for small rooms that you need to visually do more.

If you decide to use the lighting from the bottom up, keep in mind that since the light is reflected from the walls and the ceiling, their surface must be smooth, otherwise any imperfection will produce oblique shadows. On the other hand, you can use scattered lighting from the bottom up to show the beauty of high textured walls, such as brickwork or stone surfaces.

Ceiling perimeter lighting and lighting over the entire length of the wall - Effective ways to ensure general lighting. The lighting around the ceiling perimeter is delineated by the room and use the ceiling as a reflector. Lighting along the entire length of the wall is a mixture of indirect and direct lighting, as it lights up the ceiling, and the wall.

Lighting downward, in the form of ceiling lamps, embedded lamps or the entire ceiling visually reduces the ceiling. Luminaires produce dark shadows and can be very effective. If you arrange them close, they will provide a good level of general lighting.

Use illumination controls to change the intensity of light and create different areas of lighting in the room. Always check that the regulators are compatible with the light source you use.

Direct lighting

Such lighting lights a specific area directed by a narrow beam in one direction, where you need to do something, such as read, draw or cook food. Good lighting is very important. In the kitchen, you can illuminate cabinets using embedded LEDs or lamps.

For reading, working on a computer and the like, the best option will be an outdoor or table lamp with a console adjustable leg, which will direct the light in the desired area.

In the bathroom you can set the lighting behind the mirror. The lamp on the ceiling is not enough to shave or apply makeup, as it creates shadows, so it is better to place the lighting of the mirror.

Local lighting

Local lighting It is one of the forms of directional light, which creates coordination centers or rhythmic models of light and darkness. Directional light can be used to underline the characteristics of the room, select the decorations, cause interest and allocate certain areas.

In the studio apartment or in large rooms you can use directional lighting to keep your eyes around the room and create light streams by sharing the space into smaller areas. For example, to designate the dining area, place the lighting above the table. If the ceilings are high, then the suspended lamps can be used, otherwise embedded lamps or spot lamps are preferred.

Spot lamps As a rule, very small and shed a narrow flow of light, which creates intense, spectacular shadows. Use them to refer to any art, for example, collections; Or above the bathroom to create a reflection of light on the water. Adjustable, floor lamps are good for the bedside zone, as you can direct the light to the pillow to read in bed.

Candles Give warmth and flattering light that creates long, clear, flickering shadows. Candles can be used to create various moods in the room: romantic, dramatic, elegant or calm. You can also use candles in candlesticks for decorating a dining table, a fireplace shelf or a bathroom. Always remember the safety and never leave candles unattended, do not place them next to the flammable items, follow the children and animals.

Similar beautiful, original and expressive lamps as in the photo below give little light. They are the work of art and serve more for decoration. They can be used to add the character room, make a dark angle brighter or add colors to a monochrome interior.

Planning lighting scheme

Since the lighting plays such an important role in interior design, it should be planned at an early stage.

When planning the lighting of the room, make a list of all the events that you are going to perform in it. This will help you choose the necessary type of lighting. You also determine the number and location of sockets, switches and dimmers.

A too large room in warm dark colors and with matte surfaces will require more light than the same room decorated in a pale cold color scheme and with reflective surfaces. A small room in white colors requires less light.

Light is also psychological, as it affects the mood and emotion.

The highly illuminated interior is burtrite, while in the room with a soft muted light, a feeling of calm has a relaxation. Too bright lighting for a long time causes a voltage, and too little light deprives for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to plan a flexible lighting scheme for home.

Carefully thought out lighting design should not just transform the interior, but to ensure the comfort and preservation of the health of the inhabitants of the house. At the project creation stage, a variety of nuances are taken into account.

Types of lighting and their functions

There are two main types of light sources:

• natural - natural;
• artificial - technical devices of all sorts of structures.

The intensity of natural lighting is directly related in time, depends on the time of year, geographic location and atmospheric phenomena. Natural light is the most optimal, in terms of physiology and vital activity. But it is not enough for full functioning. That is why such serious attention is paid to the planning of artificially created additional lighting. It includes incandescent lamps, luminescent and LED devices.

Main options for artificial lighting:

• common;
• accented;
• working;
• combined.

General lighting

This is the most common appearance without which no room is required. The light comes from above and evenly spreads throughout the room. The brightest example is the chandelier in the center of the ceiling. It does not give a light shape with clear edges, which can be clearly distinguished on the floor or on the wall.

General lighting can be divided into:

• directed - the most common option. It is characterized by creating a single light spot. It can be organized using open luminaires in the form of cone, hemispheres, truncated ball, cube, trapezoids, cylinders, rectangles;
• indirect - formed by reflecting light from walls or ceiling;
• scattered - light dishes through matte glass or paper lamp shaped lamp shape. He does not strain his eyes and is most comfortable for a person. Rays spread evenly at an angle of up to 360 degrees. This is due to the use of opaque closed plafones;
• mixed - forms due to the special form of translucent lamps with open top and bottom. These modern models are increasingly used in the design of apartments or offices. The glow proceeds from all sides - punched through the walls, reflected from the ceiling and walls, falls from above the direct light spot. This method of filling space light is the most productive.

Accent lighting

Accent or local lighting is used to highlight certain sections. Its main function is to draw attention to individual objects or areas indoors. It can carry a purely decorative load - illumination of the picture, sculpture or have a practical value. With the help of point inclusions, we can safely move around the stairs, navigate in a dark closet, search for the necessary items on the bedside table. Accent lighting allows you to play with space, snatching from the darkness of the one or another zone by hanging them by the main value depending on their use. During dinner, the dining group is highlighted. Then we move to the sofa to read in silence or opposite, chat with households. In multifunctional rooms, for example, in one-room apartments or studios, this method of illumination is simply necessary. It allows you to do your affairs without interfering with each other. To create accents, flooring, table lamps, ceiling suspended devices, bras, point lighting, LED tape are used.

Distinguish three types of accent lighting:

• sharp - the formation of a bright stain with clearly defined edges. The light is not scattered, the space outside the beam is immersed in darkness. Such a reception is used in the theater when only a small area on which the action takes place. Often it is used to concentrate attention on the object. It will suit in order to emphasize the beauty of collectible items in glass windows, allocate expressive architectural elements - columns, bas-reliefs, arches. The beam can be directed upward or straight to the object at an angle of 30 degrees;
• softened - it is created using lamps equipped with a power regulator. Allows effectively, but unobtrusively allocate the necessary details. Obvious advantages - the achievement of a less dramatic atmosphere and energy savings;
• soft - It is organized to focus on subjects that are harmful to bright light - paintings and other art objects. Forms using matte lampshades placed above the object.

Working light

Good light is needed for efficient and safe work. Under the conditions of light deficiency, the load on the vision increases, which can lead to its decrease. Due to the constant voltage, not only eyes are tired, but in general, the fatigue of the body increases. A person is not able to work in a twilight for a long time and productively. Efficiency and complexity of such classes, like drawing, knitting, jewelry, sewing, reading, letter, cooking directly depends on the quality of lighting and its direction. The overall light falls on top, so the shadow is created on the workspace. It is necessary to equip this zone with special directional sources - a desktop lamp, sconce, flooring, point rotary devices. It is better not to use luminescent options in these zones, as they often blink and distort colors, and this negatively affects vision. Halogen devices are much better perceived, but they are not economical enough. Therefore, the best choice is LED designs that produce a pleasant glow and consume less electricity at times.

Combined lighting

The essence of this option is to combine the methods described before. The project of any interior certainly comprises a combination of various types of lighting. In some rooms, generally dominates, in other accent. For example, in the living room, the central role is allocated with luxurious or laconic extrietary chandeliers. And in the office or bedroom, the bright overall light is not so important, but it is not necessary to do without a good desk lamp or sconce. Light is one of the most popular tools for zoning premises. In the children's room, in addition to the general, local devices are needed in the working and gaming zone. In the kitchen - above the dining table and above the surface for cooking. In the bathroom and hallway - in the zone of a mirror or a decorative niche. The combination of different options can be observed in any room, but it acquires particular significance in a multifunctional one. In the living rooms, combined with the bedroom, the kitchen or dining room is especially important to provide for the possibility of various illumination scenarios.

Rules and norms

The use of artificial lighting caused the need to develop clear requirements for its parameters. From how correctly it is organized, the human well-being depends on, its emotional attitude, the ability to work efficiently, preserving good vision. Therefore, for different rooms installed their specific norms. It is easy to guess that for the working office and the chulana will not be the same. The main document to which it is necessary to navigate, calculate the amount and power of the instruments in the apartment - SNiP 23-05-95. It regulates the natural and artificial lighting of residential, educational, commercial, industrial premises, as well as squares, parks, streets, squares.

Unit of light measurement is luxury -1 lumen per square meter. m. The norm depends on the purpose of the room. For example, for the living room, bedroom or dining room is enough 150 LCs. In the nursery it is necessary to provide 200lk, in the bathroom or kitchen already 250, and in the office all 300. In the hallway, pantry, in the attic or in the basement it will take 50-60 LCs.

About light sources

Natural sources include sunlight, glow of stars, polar shine, moonlight. Artificial resources - this is the fire: bonfire, torches, candles, and gas lights, and electrical lamps. The latter are divided into several types:

• incandescent lamps - contain the glow body, which produces a glow. The design is placed a spiral of tungsten or coal thread. Then the flask creates a vacuum. This allows preventing metal oxidation. At the time of the closure of the electrical circuit, heating occurs, as a result of which the element of the heat begins to glow. The advantages of such lamps are that they are well withstanding temperature differences. Without problems will work in a cold corridor or a hot bath. The lack of similar lamps is that they spend a lot of energy and produce a large amount of heat;
• halogen - their difference from the previous ones is that the flask is filled with pairs of halogens. They are used for the most powerful devices. Gas can significantly increase the temperature of the helix and extend the period of operation. Like conventional incandescent lamps, halogen sources spend a large amount of energy for heating. One more minus - dependence on voltage jumps;

• luminescent - flasks with a special coating from the inside. It radiates the light due to the constant burning of vapors enclosed in the flask. Compared to conventional lamps, the life of these devices is much longer. The obvious plus is economy. Lamps consume 5-7 times less electricity than halogen. By minuses include the complexity of use - the need to apply additional devices - starting mechanism, starter. There are other disadvantages - flickering and sensitivity to low temperatures, air flow and humidity;
• energy saving - subspecies of luminescent lamps. The listed qualities of this type of sources of this type adds a spiral form and the presence of a standard base. Due to this, the lamps can be used in conventional chandeliers and lamps without any additional designs;
• lED - revolutionary devices based on the use of LEDs. Unlike predecessors, they do not heat and do not flicker, as well as well tolerate the impact of the medium and electricity differences. The high cost of devices with interest pays off a long service life and unsurpassed low resource consumption.

Natural light and how to regulate it

Direct enclosure of natural light can bring some discomfort. Reflecting from mirror and glossy surfaces, sharp sun rays irritate vision. In addition, they are too much to heat the room, and this is not always desirable, especially in summer. Therefore, there are various ways to protect against the penetration of daylight and regulating its quantity.
Traditionally, for this purpose, a variety of curtains, tulle are used. The choice of material depends on the needs of the room owners. You can choose light transparent curtains, which only slightly adjust the illumination. Or deaf curtains that are created in the room absolute darkness even during the daytime. Blinds, rolled curtains are used as light regulators. There is a more radical solution - install double-glazed windows with a special coating for reflection of sunlight. This is especially true for windows in the roof of the attic floor. And for those who do not have the ability to change the glass, fully proposals for the toning film-self-player.

If the light is not enough, it can be "caught" with:

• expansion of windows;
• introduction into the interior of reflective surfaces, light finishes and furniture;
• remove trees and bushes covering windows.

About lamps and their placement

The harmonious lighting scenario creates, pushing away from the features of the room, the design direction. Properly chosen accents allow you to visually change the space to correct its shortcomings and emphasize the merits.

The Queen of the Lodzayna is still the chandelier. In a large room with high ceilings, massive structures on a long suspension are used. Low ceilings - reason to reduce the length of the cord or chain and send the rays up, creating the illusion of raised archs. Point lamps can be an addition to the "main decoration" living room or act as a "base" in the hallway or bathroom. Brake, stench, floor lamps, table lamps - serve as a highly specialized supplement to the main light. Each of them has its own definite duties - lighting the workspace, a place to relax, read, cooking or eating. LED panels, cords, fiber - excellent tools for decorating a two-level stretch ceiling or walls. Cords mounted in plasterboard niches can be multicolored. To change the color, you just need to press the button on the control panel. With the help of LEDs create a variety of patterns that stunning look at night.

Is there a style of lighting?

To answer this question, you need to carefully look at the instruments that help the light to fill the room. Style directly depends on the characteristics of the lamps - forms, colors, manufacturing materials. Classic interiors are welcome chandeliers and sconces with crystal suspensions. In modern, chromed devices reign. Pop art fill bright, sometimes incomplete plaffones. The interior of the country house in the style of Provence "will warm up" textile lamps. Loft is unthinkable without industrial spotlights, track systems and spots. Country add rustic flavor forged or wooden structures. Modern makes even more effectively intricate lines and forms. The selected style affects the number of light sources, their power and placement.

Room lighting design

The correct lighting organization is one of the primary design tasks. This is the most important component of the comfort and comfort of your home. Each room has its own rules for choosing and installing certain instruments. The light should emphasize the benefits of the selected design, create a specific atmosphere.

Hall and corridor

The hallway is usually devoid of sunlight. The use of artificial sources allows you to turn a gloomy corridor into a light attractive receiving. Bulky appliances are here - why "eat" and without that small space. In addition, the use of bulk chandeliers and floor lamps in close room are unsafe. It is more expedient to place the ceiling spot backlight here, and on the wall near the mirror hang out the brain. Strengthen the illumination LED illumination of the cabinet or decorative niches, as well as a mirror wall.

Living room

In the living room, the situation is reverse. Here, the bulk chandelier is more relevant. Since this is a common room, you need to provide various backlight scenarios. Brake above the chair, the flooring of the sofa, the device from the LED fiber on the coffee table perfectly fit into the interior. LED design with various programs will help relax on a weekday and decorate a festive party.

Bedroom

The traditional design of the bedroom provides for the presence of top light - chandeliers or built-in devices in the suspended ceiling, lamps in the zone of bedside tables and toilet table. In addition, use LED backlighting niches, cabinets, bed contour. Special chic give the room theatrical mirrors, paintings with built-in lamps.