What a screw consists of. Screw drilling

Screw drilling It is the oldest way of drilling wells, and despite the fact that many years have passed, he has not changed and reached our time only with very low changes. The only drawback is that he has a limit at the maximum depth, which can be achieved only using. Nevertheless, it is still the most famous method of creating wells.

Thanks to him, you can do everything drilling work In a short time, without unnecessary financial costs. Screw drilling Apply, most often, for wells with a depth of twenty meters by screws of small diameters to 1500mm. Deeper wells need to be drilled on other equipment.

Drilling Snack It is necessary when it is necessary to set signs on the roads, pillars and supports when you need to study the soil to create piles when you need to transplant the tree, screw the screw piles. Thus, we can safely say that this method is universal for very many types of drilling work And thanks to this, you can perform the above work in a fairly short time and without much trouble, subject to all of the rules and safety standards.

As a rule, such drilling They are carried out in the soils of categories III. In the soils of categories of III-IV, it is already more complicated, and therefore experiences work experience with such a type of soil, as it is more damped and hard. With such categories of soils you need to first get acquainted before engage in drilling workTo save work equipment safe.

The methods of auger drilling - a regular and stream.

For by a flight of drilling It is used that build up with special rod extension supplements to achieve the necessary depth. It is forced to depth the turns, and then it gets out of the well when the vitk part will be filled with the rock. Then it is folded near the well and screw It is immersed in the well. The pace of work will largely depend on how the length of the helical part.

However, it is necessary to be careful here that the load does not become exemplary, and the car has not failed and did not have to stop all the work and repair the equipment. The control machine must be in time to determine the load on screw And in time to stop so as not to break it.

For streaming method of drilling work The breed comes out all the time. This method is more effective, since there is no need to choose all the time. screw With the breed, because she herself moves. Thus, you can achieve a greater speed of performing tasks facing you and reduce your temporary costs.

Choice drilling method It will depend on what you set tasks in front of ourselves. Power method It is very profitable when you need to achieve a clear diameter, vertical and evenness of the well, especially this is important when the pile is dried. In this case, the main role is played screw.

It is made of a rod, on which spiral coils are fixed. It can be said that it is a conveyor where various materials are moving. It is equipped with a cutter at thenime, which is crushing the breed. Now on sale, so you can choose exactly the one that you need for drilling work.

The material is transported along with the penetration of the well itself. For drillingThe pressure begins to be transmitted to the breed itself, and the teeth begin to crush it and grind. In the event that the breed is sufficiently soft, which corresponds to the V - X categories of the fortress of rocks on a scale of Protodyakon, the teeth cut off the soil gradually and transmit it to shne To the mouth of the well. If the breed is very strong, then the rock teeth are used, they, in turn, crush the breed and serve it on the rebounds with the bottom of the well to its mouth.

Increasing temperature in turn screw transfers soil. It should be monitored that the volume of the destroyed cutting head of the rock is not small, since the pace of work will sharply decrease, and the breed will be bad through the well. Shnekie must be made in such a way that the performance of the auger conveyor was not lower than the cutting part performance shnec. The rise of the breed on a screw conveyor will occur only when the angle of the spiral line is less than the friction values \u200b\u200bof the breed of the surface of the waist.

Created a Russian scientist M. Prododyakonov. Mikhail Mikhailovich Protodyakonov (1874-1930) was a great Russian, and then the Soviet scientists in the field of mining. The rock coefficient scale has become the first real way, which estimated rocks on the storm, explosability and burr. This scale is only one of the many global works of Professor Mikhail Mikhailovich in the mining area. Despite the fact that a lot of time has passed, such a scale is still used at drilling workAnd she has repeatedly showed the accuracy of measurements.

Moving along the rotating screw surface inside the pipe. The auger is a transporting device for bulk, small -com, dust, powdered materials.

Augers are used in building materials manufacturing enterprises, in the feed, flock and chemical industry to move in horizontal, vertical and oblique directions of bulk, small -com, dust, powdered materials (as a rule, at a distance of up to 40 meters horizontally and up to 30 m - vertical ). In machine-building workshops, it is used to transport drain chips from machines.

It is impractical with the help of auger to move sticky, highly abrasive, as well as highly sealing goods. The positive properties of the augers include easy maintenance, simplicity of the device, small overall dimensions, tightness, convenience of intermediate unloading. The negative qualities of the screws are significant abrasion and grinding of cargo, high specific energy consumption, increased wear of the horod and screw.

Application

at the inclination of the horrors (horizontal, weaponal, circon blocks, vertical);
in the direction of the spiral;
to variability of step and diameter of the screw;
according to the constructive execution of the screw (solid, paddle, tape, shaped).

The screw shape is selected depending on the type of transported cargo.

Horizontal auger

This view of the conveyor consists of a drive (gearbox and electric motor), rotating the screw (working body of the machine), drive shaft with the turns of the transporting screw strengthened on it, is a hot tub with a semi-cylindrical bottom, a boot and discharge device. Through the holes in the lid, a bulk cargo is served and slides along the horod when rotating the screw. The co-rotation of the cargo with the screw prevents the strength of the load and friction of him about the gone. Through the holes in the bottom, equipped with shutters, the discharge is carried out. A screw screw is performed by one, two or three comes, with the right or left direction of the spiral. The surface of the screw screw is padded, shaped, ribbon, solid (used when moving a powder bulk, dry fine-grained cargo, not prone to helling). When moving the spray cargo, screw screws with paddle, shaped, ribbon surface are used.

A screw screw shaft consists of separate sections and can be tubular (bonded with each other using the short connecting rollers inserted at the ends, have a smaller mass) or solid. The screw of the screw of the screw lies in the end (strengthened in the end walls of the fool) and intermediate (hang on top of the cross-plates fortified on the horror) bearings. One of the terminal bearings make stubborn and installed from the side of the movement of the cargo. Intermediate bearings have a small diameter and length, as well as a reliable seal to avoid contamination by particles of cargo.

Number of auger

Main article: Number of auger

In fact, the feeder is the engine, coupling and gearbox, which is introduced into engage with the working body directly through the gear transmission.

Vertical screw

This type of screws consists of a short horizontal feeder screw, rotating in a cylindrical casing (pipe) and suspended on a thrust bearing of a shaft with solid screw coils, also rotating in the pipe, and one or two separate drives for both screws. Through the nozzle at the top of the casing, the screw is unloading. The cargo is fed to the lower section of the vertical screw screw, and make it either with a reduced step or a variable decreasing up the diameter. Vertical augers are used to rise in cargo to a height of up to 15 m, and when moving grainy, powdered, and fine-grained materials with limited performance - no more than 30 m. Vertical augers are used as installations for drilling wells. Vertical energy-intensive augers, and also have small overall dimensions, ease of unloading to any side.

Literature

gL editor I.I.Artobolevsky,. Polytechnic dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1977. - P. 222.

This is a special nozzle with which the spectrum of earthworks is performed: a variety of wells, wells for trees, smooth pits for installing pillars are performed. Enthusiasts of winter fishing use auger for drilling holes when treated fishing. During drilling, the auger destroys the breed, and then removes it on the surface.

The structure of the screw is the steel pipe, the diameter of which steel flange (turns) was strengthened. Cutting knives, welded around the perimeter of the waist, need periodic sharpening, depending on the intensity of the operation and characteristics of the soil.

The carrier tube can consist of several component parts. In the case of a long auger, it helps to avoid bending throughout the design, and simplifies transportation. The strength of the bottom of the base manufacturers pay great attention, since it is precisely it is overloading from the resistance of the soil during operation. There are several varieties of screws that differ in their destination and device.

Number of spirals

Two-day screws have two spirals. Such a device provides the greatest efficiency during drilling, especially in the case of solid soil, which has resistance.

Overcoming augers have one helix, welded on the diameter of the base pipe. This is the cheapest option from the presented, such a design is considered obsolete. However, the uniform model can be used to drill soft soils.

Types of screws, depending on the soil, include:

standard - used to drill the usual, soft soil;
rock - able to drill a hole in a solid rock;
for permafrost - are used to drill the lands.

Other characteristics of the shnekov

The planting connector - selected depending on the diameter of the engine shaft, to which the auger is connected. In case of incomprehension, connect the nozzle will simply fail.

The diameter of the finished well - is usually from 130 to 300 mm and more. Calculate the required well diameter should be carefully calculated, and pick up the corresponding auger.

The length of the auger - has a direct impact on the depth of drilling and the finished well. Length, as a rule, from 500 mm to 2 meters, some professional models are more. Sometimes special extension nozzles are used if the length of the century itself is not enough.

In a country house, in the absence of centralized water supply, an autonomous - well or well is equipped, and for drilling a well, in order to save budget, do not replace the drilling rig, and Buryat a homemade screw that hearses the process, although it makes a little more stretched in time. It is possible to make a screw with your own hands in one day: it is enough to have some tools and materials about which will be described, as described in detail, the manufacture of auger is properly.

Procedure for the manufacture of auger

Support materials and tools:

Tolstoyed iron pipe Ø 40 mm and profile pipe;
Metal disc grinder, electric drill and welding;
Sheet steel with a thickness of ≈ 2 mm;
Roulette, pencil, cardboard for the manufacture of template, paint;
Chisel, rasp, sharpened and hardware (bolts with nuts);

First you need to make the actual belt conveyor, which is offered in two versions:

For self-making, a screw loader with dry unloading of soil is suitable, that is, the ground is not wetted with water, and removes the surface in this state, in which it was at a depth. This method implies rapid wear of parts and is designed for drilling of non-short wells, or a blank of several screws for replacement during drilling;
The recess of the soil with washing water occurs much faster, but the mechanism requires refinement in the field of bit. The wear of parts decreases to the score to reduce friction and water cooling of the mechanism. Below will be considered precisely this option that can be used without water not only as a drilling tool, but also, for example, like a grain loader.

Before making a screw with their own hands, the material is harvested. A 120-centimeter pipe cutting is taken as the body, the ends of which are smoothly cut off with grinding. Next, it is necessary to cut the square with the sides of 200 x 200 mm, in the center of the square to drill Ø 40 mm and make a slide from the center in any direction to the edge. It will be one turn of the spiral of the conveyor, which will need to make several. To make it round, the square is cut off with welding or grinding to the shape of a circle with Ø180 mm, the spiral is bent so that the step between the spirals is within 80-100 mm.

You must have a circle, the beginning and the end of which do not coincide in the plane. This item will serve as a template: it will need to be attached to the sheet of steel, outline the contour with a pencil and cut the next circle. Collect these billets for corrosion protection is better immediately, and after assembling the design, paint them again.

With a step between 100 mm spirals for each segment of the auger, it is necessary to cut 12 spirals (feathers). On the axis of the screw, the rings are fixed with welding, among themselves - too. After the welding work, the seams are crushed with a hammer and cleaned the rashpil from scale.

The profile pipe is needed for the manufacture of a screwing system auger. From above, the pipe is left open so that water is supplied to it. For the production of a screw for grain water simply not poured. The profile tube is inserted on 2/3 in round and welded, and the slots between the pipes are closed with sheet steel segments. In the square tube, 2 cm from the top of the top and drill through a hole Ø 10 mm.

The manufacture of the receiver, which is located on the reverse side of the auger, is the welding of four steel segments that repeat the contours of the profile pipe. Having retreated 2 cm from the bottom end, the through hole Ø 10 mm is also drilled, through which the singer of the bolt connection is fixed by the whole design. The threaded connection is better not to apply that during reverse rotation of the auger the design did not comply with.

Next is made chisel for a screw, which will be attached to welding and be in a separate lift. It's easier to purchase a finished rather than to make yourself, as it is necessary for it solid metal alloys that are very difficult at home. In addition to carbide tips, you can use diamonds. Chisel is a replaceable tool, and is attached to a screw using a heel or a threaded connection. Most often, industrial bits are two- and three-bladed, reinforced six or eight-marched cutters of solid alloys. The homemade chisel is welded to the screw (see Figure below):

At the end of the work, the screw blades are sharpened for easier cutting of the soil - this can be done on a grinding stone or a file. When using a screw for transshipment of grain crops, sharpening is not required.

The finished auger is painted with anti-corrosion paint with pre-primer steel surfaces. When operating, most of the paint will shit, but it is not necessary to restore it - it will erase in those places that are constantly in contact with the soil, so the rust will not appear there.

Practice has shown that no more than 5 hours will go to the manufacture of one screw, if you do not have skills to work with iron. But here is important quality, and not the speed of manufacture, so it is better not to rush.

cargo by moving along the rotating screw surface inside the pipe. A screw is a transporting device for bulk, small -com, dust, powdered materials.

Application

It is used in rolling rollers.
Used for feeding or mixing bulk and liquid components. Depending on the properties of the components, the speed of rotation shnec 50 - 150 rpm.
Sometimes used as the propulsion of ground machines (such machines are called screws). So, at the end of the 60s in Skb Zil, under the leadership of the Soviet designer, Vitaly Andreevich Gracheva was created all-terrain vehicle SCHN-1 with two longitudinally located screech instead of wheels.
It is used in rifle arms screw stores. The screw store is made in the form of a long cylinder having inside the spiral guides for cartridges (auger), providing the direction of cartridges to the output window. The cartridges in the store are located in parallel its axes, spiral, bullets forward, and are served separately by the split spring. Weapons using a screw store: Pistol-machine Calico M960 (USA), PP-19 Machine gun Pistol (Russia), PP-90M1 (Russia) submachine gun.
It is the main working part of the mechanism of meat grinders.
The main working body of pasta presses, presses for pressing juice, oil, presses-granulators.
Tool for drilling wells. The basis of the rig for screw drilling is drilling rigs that constitute a column with a continuous spiral flabby from chisels or crowns to the surface. Depending on the type of drilling, three main types of screws are used: ordinary, including weighty, shopping and hollow. Most often apply conventional drilling augers. Conventional drilling rigs are used in manual motobrants for the Earth.
Part of the ice combine - machines for the preparation and fill of ice rinks.
Executive body of the sewage harvester - machines for removing coal and stone salt in long waste treatment (lavam).
Used in the thermoplace for casting plastics, with the help of auger, the injection of molten plastic is inserted into the form. The auger of the conical shape is sometimes used in technical structures for splitting with its help wooden chocks on the lamps used as fuel for furnaces.
Used in chain excavators to move the soil from the edge of the trench.

It is used in the mortar spaces of the plastering station and plaster units as the main component for supplying the solution, but before applying, a rotor and stator can be lubricating either silicone spray or liquid soap (it is strictly forbidden to use oil or other lubricants) and after each work requires careful cleaning Avoidance from breakage. It is worth noting that this channel is the only one, where the cleaning of the Archimedean screw is obligatory, otherwise the reuse is impossible due to breakdowns of the screw pair.

Manufacture

Depending on the configuration, material, destination and sizes shnec Apply:

cast (under pressure, in the ground);
casting with subsequent turning;
hot deformation with subsequent turning;

Classification

at the inclination of the horrors (horizontal, weaponal, circon blocks, vertical);
in the direction of the spiral;
to variability of step and diameter of the screw;
according to the constructive execution of the screw (solid, paddle, tape, shaped).

The screw shape is selected depending on the type of transported cargo.

Horizontal auger

Number of auger

In fact, the feeder is the engine, coupling and gearbox, which is introduced into engage with the working body directly through the gear transmission.

Vertical screw

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Literature

gL editor I.I.Artobolevsky,. Polytechnic dictionary. - m .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1977. - P. 222.

Augre

On another day, the sovereign asked Prince Andrew, where he wishes to serve, and Prince Andrei forever lost himself in the court world, not asking to remain with the person of the sovereign, and asking the permission to serve in the army.

Rostov before the discovery of the campaign received a letter from the parents, in which, briefly informing him of Natasha's disease and about the break from the prince Andrey (the gap of this was explained to him by Natasha's refusal), they again asked him to resign and come home. Nikolay, having received this letter, and did not try to ask for a vacation or resignation, but wrote to the parents, which is very regretting the illness and gap of Natasha with her fiance and that he will do everything possible in order to fulfill their desire. Son he wrote separately.
"An adorable friend of my soul," he wrote. "Nothing, besides honor, could not keep me from returning to the village." But now, before the discovery of the campaign, I would consider myself dishonest not only to all comrades, but also before himself, if I would prefer my happiness to my debt and love for Fatherland. But this is the last separation. Believe that immediately after the war, if I will be alive and everyone loves you, I will bother everything and insertion to you to press you already forever to my flame chest. "
Indeed, only the opening of the campaign delayed Rostov and prevented him to come - as he promised - and marry Sona. Otradnenskaya autumn with hunting and winter with sholniks and with love Sony opened him the prospect of quiet noble joys and tranquility, whom he did not know before and who were now managing him to her. "Nice wife, children, good flock of hounds, dashing ten - twelve borzov, farm, neighbors, election service! - he thought. But now there was a campaign, and it was necessary to stay in the shelf. And since it was necessary, Nikolai Rostov, in its nature, was pleased with the life he led to the regiment, and managed to make himself this life pleasant.
Arriving from vacation, joyfully encountered by comrades, Nikolai was sent for repair and from Malorossey led excellent horses, who pleased him and earned him praise from the bosses. In the absence, he was produced into the Rothmisters, and when the regiment was put on a martial position with an increased kit, he again received his former squadron.
The campaign began, the regiment was moved to Poland, a double salary was issued, new officers, new people, horses arrived; And, most importantly, it spreads that excitedly a cheerful mood, which accompanies the beginning of the war; And Rostov, conscious of their favorable position in the shelf, all betrayed the pleasures and interests of military service, although he knew that sooner or later would have to leave them.
The troops retreated from Wilna for various complex state, political and tactical reasons. Each step of retreat was accompanied by a complex game of interests, conclusions and passions in the main headquarters. For the hussar of the Pavlograd Regiment, this entire retreative campaign, in the best season of summer, with sufficient food, was the easiest and most fun business. You could lose heart, worry and intrigue in the main apartment, but in the deep army did not ask yourself where, why go. If you regret what they retreat, then only because it was necessary to leave the owned apartment, from a pretty panne. If it came to someone in the head that things are bad, how the good military man, one who came to mind, tried to be cheerful and not to think about the general course of affairs, but to think about his inquiry. At first, the fun facing the wilna, a writing of dating with Polish landowners and expecting and serving the sights of the sovereign and other senior commanders. Then an order came to retreat to Svenzians and exterminate the provision, which could not be taken away. Svenaqyani were memorable to Gusar, just because it was a drunken camp, as the entire army parking in Svlenhayan nicknamed, and because there were many complaints about the troops in Svenzians, for using the orders to select Provit, among the provisions, and horses were taken Both crews and carpets from Polish Panov. Rostov remembered Svenzian because on the first day of entry into this place replaced the Wahmistra and could not cope with those who came across all the people of the squadron, who without his knowledge was taken away by five barrels of old beer. From Svlenhayan retreated further and farther to Drissa, and again retreated from Drissa, already approaching the Russian borders.
On July 13, Pavlogradtsam had to be in a serious case for the first time.
July 12th on the night, on the eve, there was a strong storm with rain and thunderstorms. The summer of 1812 was generally wonderful storms.
Pavlograd two squadron stood on Bivakov, among the scottle's escaped and horses, already had an rye field. The rain was lilma, and Rostov with a pretended young officer Ilyini was sitting under the fenced by Salashik's ambulance. The officer of their regiment, with long mustes, who lasted from the cheeks, rushed into the headquarters and covered with the rain, went to Rostov.
- I, Count, from the headquarters. Have you heard the feat of Raevsky? - And the officer told the details of the Saltan battle, heard them in the headquarters.
Rostov, shaking the neck, for which the water was crushed, smoked the phone and listened to the inattention, occasionally looking at the young officer Ilyin, who stained near him. The officer, the sixteen-year-old boy who recently received in the regiment was now in relation to Nikolai what Nikolai was in relation to Denisov seven years ago. Ilyin tried to imitate Rostov and, as a woman, was in love with him.
The officer with a double mustache, Zdrzhinsky, said pompous about how the Saltan dam was the Farmopils of the Russians, as in this dam was made by General Raevsky deed, worthy of antiquity. Zdrzhinsky told the act of Raevsky, who brought his two sons to the dam for a terrible fire and went to the attack on the dam of his two sons. Rostov listened to the story and not only did not say anything in confirmation of the delight of Zdrzhinsky, but, on the contrary, he had the kind of man who was ashamed of what he was told, although he did not intend to object. Rostov after Austerlitsky and 1807 campaigns knew in his own experience, which, telling military incidents, always lie, as he himself was blown, telling; Secondly, he had so experience that he knew how everything was happening in the war at all as we can imagine and tell. And so he did not like the story of Zrrzhinsky, did not like himself Zrykzhinsky, who, with his mustache from the cheek, in his habit, was low on the face of whom he told him, and close him in a close chaolate. Rostov silently looked at him. "Firstly, on the dam, which was attacked, should have been, right, such a confusion and close, that if Raevsky brought his sons, it could not affect anyone, except for ten people who were near him, - Thought Rostov - the rest and could not see how and who Raevsky was walking on the dam. But those who saw this could not be very encouraged, because what did they work to the gentle parental feelings of Rajevsky, when it went about his own skins? Then because they will take it or will not take the Saltan dam, the fate of the Fatherland did not depend on, as we describe it about fermopyls. And it became why was it to bring such a sacrifice? And then, why, in war, interfere with their children? I would not only be a pet, even Ilyin, even this alien to me, but a good boy, would try to put somewhere under protection, "continued to think Rostov, listening to Zrrzhinsky. But he did not say his thoughts: he had already had experience. He knew that this story contributed to the glorification of our weapons, and therefore it was necessary to pretend that they had no doubt it. So he did.
"However, no urine," said Ilyin, noting that Rostov did not like the conversion of Zrrtovsky. - And stockings, and shirt, and under me. I go to look for a shelter. It seems that the rain is easier. - Ilyin came out, and Zrzhginsky left.
Five minutes later, Ilyin, spanking on dirt, ran to the shagha.
- Hooray! Rostov, we go rather. Found! Here are the steps of two hundred Corchma, our clings there. At least you are looking, and Marya Herry Herry there.
Mary Hence was the wife of a regimental doctor, a young, pretty German, on which the doctor married Poland. Doctor, or because he did not have funds, or because he did not want to split the first time in the first time of marriage with a young wife, he drove it everywhere during the hussar shelf, and the jealousy of the doctor became the usual sound of jokes between the hussars officers.

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