Sewage in a private house, equipped according to the project plan and using modern building materials and technologies, is an affordable and safe process of upgrading their housing.

Introduction

When the private house is erected, the drainage network is carried out at the stage of its design, along with other engineering communications. But in the already built housing it is possible to organize a comfortable bathroom. In the presence or absence of the possibility of connecting to centralized sewage, the course of work and the arrangement of appropriate communications is the same, there will be only the organization of the wastewater.

Sewerage is vertical riser and thinner pipes to enter wastewater from the sink or toilet to this riser, which after flowing into horizontal wider pipes, and from them to the central sewer network or wastewater treatment facilities.

The arrangement of the drainage system depends on:

• Constancy of living in the house.
• The number of people permanently residing.
• The volume of water consumption on the 1st person for every day.
• Underground water level.
• Land size put on the seats under the sewage treatment facilities.
• Soil structure and its type.
• Climate region.

Conditionally sewage is classified for 2 types:

• Accumulation systems - bottomless cesspool, hermetic waste tank.
• Claiming facilities - simple single-chamber with soil cleaning, 2-chamber septic with natural cleaning, 2-way - 3-EX-chamber septic with a filtering field, septic tank with a biofilter and with permanent air supplies.

Internal sewage

This network is the installed risers of fan pipes and the mounted wiring of water products. The discharge system should be thought out when planning a private house, placing rooms with access to water is minimally close from each other.

The perfect option is adjacent premises to simplify the internal sewage device. In the first place there is also a question about the competent location of the collector element to converge all the water pipes.

The development of the sewage scheme involves:

• House plan with scale compliance.
• Marking of the locations of the risers.
• Schematic application of the installed bathroom equipment with remarks on the features of its connection.
• Drawing of water pipes connecting risers and sunk equipment. Marking of turns and joints with a mandatory indication of connecting elements for connecting tees and taps.
• Calculation of sizes of riser and fan pipe.

The scheme will help in carrying out the installation of the system and determining the number of building materials. Calculation of calculations implies:

• Designation of the location of the devices in the general scheme with an indication of their distance from the riser, pipe crossing, method of fastening and connecting to sewage. There is a miscalculation of the required volume of building materials.
• Determination of the type of sewerage - pressure or samotanein which the fluid flow occurs under the influence of earthly attraction.
• Calculation of simultaneous flow for each plumbing equipment, which will affect the thickness of the water pipe. Basically, besides the toilet, it is 5 cm pipe.
• Calculation of mounting space for rising. Preferably - restroom room. If there are 2 toilets and a riser, it is desirable 2.
• Calculation of the sewer diagram with minimum angles turn to reduce the possibility.

The correctness of the implementation of the above computations will affect performance and efficiency with possible overloads.

Rules of internal work

Mandatory aspects:

1. With a self-embodiment, the pipeline has an angle of inclination. For pipes with a cross section 5-8 cm, this value is 2 cm per 1 m, for the section 8-10 cm bias up to 3 cm per 1 m.
2. Plum pipes in the kitchen should Have grease trap.
3. The air connection with the riser is made Pipe with a cross section from 10 cm.
4. In a multi-storey private house, the cross section of a riser is 10-11 cm. The riser must have hatches for cleaning.
5. It is desirable to have one riser with suitable to it. Internal sewage branches.
6. The location of the pipeline output depends on the location of the team well, whose installation is desirable in the lowest place of land. Conclusion in the wall should be close to the well.
7. The internal sewage laying is made in a hidden or open method. The hidden uses shoes for laying drainage elements. At the same time, the laying of internal water supply tops and sewage from the bottom of the elements in a single stroke is recommended. This will reduce the time and volume of installation work, as well as the number of building materials. Open - simple, but not aesthetic because of the mounting of the highway directly on the wall panel or sexual overlap.

Rules, non-compliance with which ensures the inoperability of the internal sewage or an accident of the system:

• Connecting toilet to riser Separately from the rest of the plumbing.
• Another plumbing is connected above to the toilet connection. With sufficient productivity, it is possible to find several devices on the same supply pipe.
• Submission pipe no less Large sections of eyeliner from the equipment.
• Tire cross section 10 cmAnd the riser is not allowed thinner.
• Installation of the toilet at a distance of up to 1 m from the riser, and other equipment up to 3 m.
• In the presence of a supply tube with a length of 3 m its diameter - from 7 cm. The liner from 5 m long produce out of 10 cm pipe.
• If it is impossible to increase the cross section of the supply elements, it should be concluded from the end of this product. On the roofing overlap and equip it with a vacuum valve or flaw on the riser above the rest.
• Distance from pipe Before the wall panel from 2 cm.
• Same diameter of riser On the whole length.
• Calculation of the diameter of the riser in volume Allowed drainage.
• Strictly vertical location of risers. Permissible SNiP deviation - 2 mm 2 m from vertical.
• Ventilation on each riser endsshown on the roof or attic.

The location of the pipeline output depends on the location of the prefaby well, whose installation is desirable in the lowest place of land

Materials used

The choice of products is made according to their hardness, anti-corrosion and finance. Preferred materials:

• For the self-e-system - concrete, reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement, cast iron, plastic, glass products;
• For pressure - reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement, cast iron, plastic products.

Features of the material:

• Cast iron elements. Pros - durability, long life, high-strength and fire resistance. Cons - instability to point shocks, heaviness, high price, complexity of installation and the roughness of the inner surface, which contributes to the layering of salt sediments.
• Polypropylene products. Pros is corrosive stability, salt, alkaline and acid resistance, durability, high heat resistance, increased fire resistance and affordable cost. Cons - the complexity of installation, the need for special equipment.
• PVC items. Pros - do not expand at temperature effects, resistance to UV radiation, a huge selection of shaped elements for assembling any pipeline. Cons - instability to low temperature indicators, to ignition and at the same time the release of toxins, sensitivity to chemical extensions.

The best choice for components from polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride. Their ends are equipped in such a way that the compound of 2 pipes is possible when the end of 1st in the fool is 2nd. To connect to the outer sewer system, a corrugated pipe is processed due to its resistance to soil cells. Advantages - availability of prices, ease of transportation and installation, non-knowledge in welding when they are assembled. Seal enough for seam processing.

The material of fittings and components should be the same as the pipes themselves. For sewage layout, it is better to use components from polyethylene and polypropylene. The polyvinyl chloride option has lower operational properties.

The cross section of products depends on the drain volume and the number of connected devices whose cross sections of the components are selected with equal or large drain nozzles. The standing products are selected from 10 cm in cross section for connecting to a toilet, and from 5 cm without it. The distance from the equipment to the riser is up to 3 m, and from the toiletz - 1 m. To increase this value, the pipes of a larger cross section are used.

Necessary building tools: saw for cutting pipes, a sharp knife for aligning cuts and seals from rubber to insert into the eraser. Shaped parts for connecting components:

• For registration of corners - knees or tens with a bend of 45 and 90 ° and ends with conversion with a sealing rubber gasket.
• Transient taps To connect the pipes of one section.
• Tryes - Fittings for branching system.
• Transient couplings To create transitions between different dimensional elements.

For easier and tight entry of pipes in each other and in the shaped parts it is necessary to subjected to rasters heating in hot water.

Installation of internal sewage

Procedure for performing work:

1. Installation of risers in the proximity of the toilet with the output of their ends on the roofing overlap and in the basement. In the basement, the room produces their connection with an inclined pipe with an external exit to the septic tank, and the upper ends are open or equipped.
2. Individual training From toilet to riser.
3. Connecting other equipment To the stands above the inlets of the toilet bowl.
4. Installation of siphons On all sunk equipment.
5. Compound of siphon with eyeliners.

The joint density must be met and the rigidity of the system mounting to the wall overlap must not have pipe discrepancies. At the same time, it is important to comply with the rules:

• The assembly of components of risers 90 ° is carried out from 2 plastic knees by 45 °. When installing the cast-iron pipeline, there are 2 taps at 135 °.
• Decomposition is embedded with an oblique tee 45 ° From plastic or cast iron with a plug and 1 knee or cast iron.
• Taps located under the ceiling of basement rooms are connected with risers with crosses or oblique tees. The distance from the bottom of the horizontal trocery of the tee or straight crosslinor to the sex surface to 2 cm.
• For turns on risers or transitions to the horizon use Crosses are 90 ° or straight tees.
• To eliminate unpleasant flavors, extractFor which the fan tube is derived through the roofing overlap to a height of up to 0.7 m without connecting it with chimney or ventilation. If it is impossible to install the fan tube, the installation of the air sewer valve is made.
• The diameters of the riser and hood are equal. Combining 2 risers is possible by one exhaust in the upper rooms. Horizontal sections are fixed by hanging brackets.
• In the risers without indents, sewer audits are installed, whose height is standard - 1 m. When installing the part in the angle, it is deployed under 45 ° relative to the wall panel.
• During the plastic structures through overlaps they are equipped into metal sleeves. The top acts on 2 cm from the sex surface, and the bottom - flush with the ceiling overlap.
• Setting the riser goes with a cable sleevefixed with wire for the upper fool of the crosses or tee.
• With a sequential connection of the toilet and other equipment on the horizontal section between them there must be a sewer adapter. The reversal of plastic parts is carried out at half the troop of the tee in the direction of the wall panel.
• Clamps are used for fixing - 1 PC. 0.5 - 1 m length of the highway.
• Fastening of cast iron pipes is made by steel bend brackets At the end under all elements near the termination.
• Fastening the stands to the side panels 1-2 clamps on the floor.

At the end of the installation, the tightness of the system is checked.

Ventilation arrangement

The sharply fusion volume of water contributes to the creation of a permitting of the in-pipe space. Without the receipt of oxygen, water from siphons goes, which becomes the result of the appearance of fragrance of unclean.

Therefore, the tasks of ventilation:

• Removal flavors of uncleanness.
• Support for constant pressure.
• Noise reduction.

To create ventilation, all components of the risers are adjusted to the roofing overlap, without closing their upper end, but hiding from clogging. Either an aeration valve that does not produce aromas and air conductive inside are mounted on top.

The section of the pipe under ventilation is equal to or more than the size of the riser. Unincorpor with chimney or ventilation is impossible. Extract height calculation rules:

• On a flat non-exploitable roofing overlap - 0.3 m;
• On the scope roof - 0.5 m;
• On exploited - 3 m;
• Step from the national team of ventilation shaft from 0.1 m.

If the ventilation ventilation is not possible, an air ventilation valve is used on the riser above the bathroom equipment to prevent uncleanness.

Outdoor sewage: System selection

• The cesspool is a well structure without the bottom, the walls of which are brick, from concrete rings, or concrete. The bottom of the well is soil, so the liquid seeps, the solids are settled and over time require purification. This variant is resorted to an average daily waste amount of up to 1 cubic meter. M so that the soil microorganisms are treated with liquid. With a larger stock, this is fraught with water sources in a radius of 50 m. The addition of microorganisms helps to reduce the fragrance of uncleanness and accelerate the purification process. This option is selected at the level of underground sources below the bottom from 1 m.
• Ready or made of plastic and metal The sealed tank is designed for flow at the overestimated level of underground sources. This will protect the soil composition and clean water from infection. When filling the tank, its purification is required, the frequency of which depends on the volume of drainage. The disadvantage is a frequent challenge of the assessing agent for which the convenient passage to the accumulative Baku should provide. The bottom of the sewage is up to 3 m from the ground. The tank cover must be insulated to protect the pipeline from freezing.
• Single-chamber septic - filtering well, the bottom of which is a layer of rubble from 30 cm, on top of which layer of the grain sand of a large fraction. The drains, passing through the data of the layers, are cleaned by 50%. Sand and rubble submits contribute to improving the purification of fluid and solid masses, but it is not a fundamental solution to the problem. After time, crushed stone and sand will require replacement.
• Two-chamber septic - 2 Well: 1st - with a hermetic bottom, 2nd - without a bottom with sandy and rubble supresses. The 1st well is a sump, and the 2nd is the filter well. During the flow of operations in a 1st well, the solids are lowered to the bottom, the fatty pop up, and between them - the liquid. At an altitude of 2/3 of the 1st well there is a compound with a 2-ry with an inclined overflow pipe. Finding in the 2rd well, the liquid, leaking through the sinking layers, is cleared and goes away. Over time, it will be necessary to call an assessing agent to remove solid masses. To reduce fragrances, microorganisms decomposing feces are added. The installation of such a system is possible at the level of underground sources from 1 m from the bottom of the 2nd well. After 5 years, rubbed and sandy layers are replaced.
• Septic tank with filtering field - capacity of 2 - 3 sections or several connected wells. 1 is a capacity for upholding, from which the liquid on the groove enters the 2nd capacity with anaerobic bacteria, decomposing the remains of the organic. After water enters the filtration fields - this is an underground area, where the drains pass soil purification by 80%. After this process of cleansing, the liquid is collected in the water pipes and goes into the drainage systems. The planting of trees or vegetables above these fields is not allowed, only - the breakdown of flower. Over time, the replacement of rubble and sand fields will be required. This option is possible at the level of underground sources below 2.5 - 3 m. Distance from sewage to water sources - from 30 m.
• Septic with biofilter - capacity of 3 - 4 sections. In the 1st - upholding of water, in a 2-point - the effects of anaerobic microorganisms on the organic, 3rd - for separation of water. Due to the need for a constant inflow of oxygen for aerobic bacteria, filled with a filter, in the 4th section above it mounted a pipe with a height of 50 cm above the surface of the Earth. Water is cleaned by 90 - 95%, so it goes for technical needs. To do this, it is removed from the 4th section to the accumulative container or to the drainage system for absorbing the ground. Adding microorganisms is possible through the toilet. Advantage - no need for electrical wiring. The disadvantage is the necessary permanent accommodation, as the lack of impact leads to the death of bacteria.
• Septic with forced air supplies - Requires an electric vehicle to septic for connecting air like and air distributor. 3 sections are interconnected. 1st - for entering and upholding water. The 2nd camera is Aerotenk - for the injection of partially clarified liquid from the 1st. There is mixing of water with an active meal from aerobic microorganisms and plants, for complete vital activity of which forced aeration is required. The mixture falls into the 3rd chamber - sump. The pump is made by the reverse transfer of Ila to Aerotenk. Purified Stocks are applicable for technical needs. Minus - power consumerism and need for permanent accommodation.

Laying pipes of external sewage

Limitations on the location of the sewage objects:

• from 5 meters from the dwelling;
• from 20 - 50 m from the source of pure water;
• from 10 m from the garden.

Private building is removed on:

• 8 m from the wells filters;
• 25 m from filter fields;
• 50 m from aeration treatment equipment;
• 300 meters from drain systems.

Water pipes to the septic tank are insulated for them without freezing in winter with thermal insulator and are placed in the designs of asbestoscert. The outer layout is made by elements section 10 - 11 cm, whose slope 2 cm on 2 m. Desirable styling of components without turns and angles.

• Before the system, work is performed inside a private house. - Installation of a vertical riser for alternately summing up pipes from the equipment of the bathroom with a slope of 5 mm per 1 m. When the pump is installed, the slope is optional.
• In the process of planning the kitchen and restrooms should be located near the exit of the sewer system to the street. With multi-storey construction, the location of the bathrooms in each other to reduce the number of risers and simplify the installation and maintenance of the entire network. For a large number of bathrooms or in the absence of a slope on the site rational use of the pump.

A person always strives for comfort, and this desire encourages him to action. The absence in the country village of centralized wastewatering systems is not a reason to be content with small. After all, the homeowner can equip the local systems on the site, and the laying of sewage in a private house will make a country life for no less comfortable than accommodation in the city. Moreover, it is possible to lay the sewage in a private house with their own hands, this will avoid unnecessary spending on the payment of services for repair and construction companies.

In order for independently built sewage to work efficiently, it is worth spending time on learning the foundation of the design theory. Conducting construction, it is necessary to comply with building standards and sanitary rules.

Project preparation

After all, everyone knows that alteration is always more expensive than the construction itself. The study of information will allow in advance to present the amount of upcoming work and make a clear plan of their implementation.

When building a sewage system, the SNiP regulates the choice of diameter and the bias of the pipes, the depth of their gasket and many other important nuances, thanks to which the drainage system will work without failures.

The construction of engineering systems, whether it is a wiring of the sewage in the bathroom or a fully autonomous system of drainage, cannot be carried out without having a detailed project.

The calculation on the fact that the Master will be able to deal with the schemes and layouts "along the course of the case" is in the root incorrect. With this approach to the construction of errors, it is not possible to avoid errors, therefore the project of the sewage of the private house must necessarily be drawn up before the start of installation work.

The first steps

Before proceeding with the drafting scheme, it is necessary to determine the requirements that will be placed on the work of the future system. Need to solve the following questions:

• Where is the construction? When laying sewage in the apartment you need to design only internal networks. When drawing up a project for the house, you need to design and external networks that are paved in the Earth. If the sewage diagram in the frame house is drawn up, the water supply and pipes of drainage, most often, were laid secretly - in the hollow walls of the frame.

• Will there be a house for permanent residence for the year, or is it just a summer cottage for a periodic leisure?
• What amount of drafting needs to be disposed of?
• What type of cleaning installation will be used? This can be a drive, septic tank with biological cleaning and filtering fields or a modern biodecy with aeration.

Design rules

Having answered all the questions set above, you can begin to draw up a sewage project. It should be noted that if new construction is planned, the design of engineering systems should be implemented simultaneously with the preparation of the project of the house itself.

As a rule, in this case, the compact placement of all points of water intake is planned, which makes it possible to create the most simple scheme of wastewilling. But everyone knows that it is simple schemes that turn out to be the most effective.

Choosing a place of installation of the cleaning facility

The laying of sewage networks in the apartment does not cause difficulties, outdoor networks to collect much more difficult. The outer sewage laying begins with the selection of the installation site of the cleaning facility. Here are the basic requirements of the installation site septica:

• The sewage treatment must be removed at least five meters from the house. At the same time, the septic tank is strongly far away, as it is irrational, as this will lead to the elongation of the external pipeline and an increase in the costs of its construction.

• With particular attention, you should consider the septic tank is located at the maximum distance from the well, from which drinking water comes into the house. The minimum distance between these two objects is 30 m., And if the site is well filtered (sand), then this distance should be increased to 50 meters.
• Septicch should not be located directly at the fence of a neighboring area, retreat from it at least two meters.

Installation of sewage

Any sewer system, regardless of the degree of complexity of its scheme, is divided into two parts. The part that is located in the house is called the inner contour, and the part laid down the street, respectively, is an outdoor outline.

Sewage internal networks

• We begin to conduct sewage in a private house with determining the location of the sewage treatment.

Tip! As a rule, the septic tank should be placed on the side where the natural bias of the area relief is observed.

• Knowing, in which side the septic will be located, it will be possible to determine the place of outputting the pipe of internal networks from the house. Here you will need to perform a hole in the foundation through which the pipe will pass.
• Next, the laying of sewage in the house is carried out so that all the drains have come down to the output point of the foundation.
• The best internal sewage scheme is to recognize the one in which the installation of a sewage riser is envisaged. All pipes leading from water plums in the house will be summed up to this pipe.

It should be noted that the sewage wiring in a private house can be like an open (that is, with the fastening of the pipes with the walls with a clamp) and hidden (that is, the pipes are under the floor and in partitions). Both ways have their advantages. Pros, which give an open laying of internal sewage:

• Easy access to pipes during system operation.
• The possibility of rapid detection of leaks and other defects in the sewer pipeline.
• The ability to quickly disassemble and repair the system, without breaking the finishes in the room.
• Easy access to the installation points of the audit required to eliminate blockages.

The disadvantages of this method can be attributed to the low-proof from an aesthetic point of view, the view of the room, along the walls of which the pipes stretch, as well as difficulty with cleaning. After all, it will have to cleaned dust and dirt on the pipes themselves and under them. Pros, which gives a laying of sewage in the floor:

• Improving the internal design of the room.
• Reducing hearing when passing through the stroke pipes.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the repair of the system being laid in this way.

Tip! If a hidden laying of sewage pipelines is planned, then the quality of pipes and fittings should be related to special attention. And after the system is collected, it is not necessary to regret the time for holding hydraulic tests, allowing you to identify possible assembly defects.

Organization of the withdrawal of sewage from the house

Solving the question of how to put the sewer, it is impossible to bypass the organization of the withdrawal of the pipe from the house. Here are the basic requirements for the performance of this work:

• As a rule, if the sewage structure is scheduled at the design stage of the house, then the process hole is left in advance through which the pipe is passed. If such a hole was not done, you will have to pierce it in the ready-made foundation.
• The angle under which the tube production is organized, should not be direct. In place of the connection of the inner and outer tubes, it is necessary to install a pair of taps of 135 degrees. This will not only reduce the risk of blockage of blockages, but also reduce the degree of wear of pipes, and also reduces the noise level during sewage operation.
• The pipe through the foundation should pass through the metal sleeve, and the diameter of the sleeve must exceed the diameter of the pipe.

Tip! The hole made should be larger than a pipe diameter at least 50 mm.

• After laying the pipe, the space between its outer wall and the inner surface of the sleeve is filled with a soft insulating material. Such precautions help reduce the risk of moving the sewage at the place of the output, as well as protect the pipe from the deformation if shrinkage of the house happens.

Difficult moment - laying of sewage under the foundation. When working with slab foundations, break through the hole in the concrete to pave pipes under the stove, it will be difficult. To perform this work, the method of inclined drilling is used, during which the well is performed for laying the pipes, it passes to the lower edge of the foundation unit.

Sewer outdoor networks

As a rule, the laying of sewage networks in the street is carried out using PVC or polypropylene pipes. The peculiarity of pipes intended for external networks is an orange color.

If high load is assumed on the pipes (deep location, pipeline passage under the roadway part), then two-layer pipes with a corrugated outer surface made from polyethylene or polypropylene should be selected. Here are the basic rules of sewage laying:

• Pipes are placed in trenches, which are pre-digged by an excavator or manually.
• The width of the trench should be such that after laying the pipe installer could freely carry out work on the docking of the pipes, standing at the bottom of the trench. The minimum distance between the inner slope of the trench and the pipe with a cross section is not more than 200 mm - 20 cm. When using larger diameter pipes, this distance should be even more.
• Trenches are dried so as to ensure the optimal bias of pipes. At the same time, the depth of the sewage laying is not normalized, but is determined, based on local conditions.
• The bottom prepared trenches is subject to a thorough traam, it should not be freezing areas, large stones or other solid inclusions. Stones must be extracted, and the place of the removal is covered with soil and is sealed.
• Performing a shocking pad from sand under pipe is mandatory for all types of soil.
• In the prepared trenches, pipes are stacked along the entire length of the pipeline. Pipe connections are starting to perform from a sewage output location from home.

• To connect pipes, use silicone lubricant, but liquid soap can be applied. The lubricant is applied to the smooth end of the pipe, which is then inserted into the slotted with a rubber cuff.
• If necessary, perform the rotation of the pipeline uses smooth taps.
• The outer pipeline is connected to the septic chamber with the help of a rubber seal, that is, the connection should not be tough.
• The reverse fold of pipes is carried out first sand, and then the soil previously removed from the trench.

Tip! A successful solution can be a trenchless sewage laying. Using such progressive methods, the owners laid pipelines, without damage to green plantings and buildings. But that the sewage system is built in this way, high-tech equipment will be required, the operation of which will be expensive.

So, the laying of sewage networks during the arrangement of the country house can be performed independently. Beginning master before performing the work, it is worth carefully studying the requirements of construction and sanitary standards, since only when they comply with the system will work effectively without harming the environment.

In order to understand how to make sewage in a private house efficient and convenient when operating, it is necessary to understand the classification of systems. Features of their design and maintenance, nuances of installation and the cost of equipment largely determine the choice. The accuracy of the work at all stages is of great importance.

Types of sewer systems

Classify sewer systems can be classified according to various parameters, first of all by:

• method of transportation of effluents on communications,
• the type of waste disposal.

Depending on where the drains are sent, the sewage is distinguished:

• schemes with insert in centralized systems,
• autonomous systems with individual drives or utilizers.

Depending on the method of transportation of drains, systems differ:

• self-sewn sewage (movement in pipelines is carried out due to their oblique position),
• pressure sewage (drainage of drains using pumping equipment),
• combined sewers that combine the features of pressure and samotane systems.

The cheapest to establish a sewage system in which wastewater moves gravity, however, in some cases the layout of the site is such that the skyline of the sewage is higher than the place where the house is located. Pour pipes with a necessary bias in such a situation is impossible in the same way as if there is a stony soil, which does not allow to perform a significant blowing of the pipeline.

In such cases, fecal or drainage pumps are used, however, to ensure the movement of the drain with patching equipment throughout the sewer system in the private house inexpediently. Most often, the optimal solution is the combination of pressure and samotane sites in one canalization system.

Types of recyclars

Before starting the installation and laying of sewage, with your own hands in a private house, the system is design and first choose the disposal method.

All possible options in this regard can be divided into two types:

• (cesspools),
• claimed facilities (depending on the type of device, cleaning can be performed completely and partially, in the second case it will take periodic pumping of the remaining waste).

Note: There is another seasalization option - in which part of the drain is drained into the soil. But such a design can only be used with a small amount of wastewater, less than 1 cubic meter per day, and is most often arranged at dachas or in country houses with periodic accommodation and low groundwater.

Different designs can be selected as a cleaning facility for a private house.

• Septica It is less and performing partial cleaning of wastewater. For them, additional primer cleaning may be required (reducing the content of impurities in water during its drainage) and pumping or pumped components after partial decomposition of impurities and settling wastewater.
• Bioochet stations - These are expensive and rather large facilities with a complex technical equipment and the need to connect to power. After the cleaning cycle, the sewer strokes are converted into a safe and suitable water watering water (up to 98% of impurities removal) and fertile IL (it can be applied as a fertilizer).

Important: The volume of sewage treatment plant is calculated by the formula: the number of living multiplies is multiplied by 200 liters and all this is multiplied by 3.

Inner part of the sewer system

Installation of local sewage in a private house includes not only the choice and construction (installation) of the utilizer and the flow of interlocks, but also the internal layout device with the installation of the necessary equipment.

The main elements of the inside of the sewage system are:

• plumbing equipment
• household water consuming aggregates (including dishwashers and washing machines),
• pipes (in most cases, 32-50 mm products are used, and for the toilet bowl - 110 mm).

Reception, collection and transportation of wastewater from household aggregates and plumbers are carried out using pipes. Their styling can be made in various ways.

• With open installation, communication is fixed to the floors, walls and ceilings using.
• When laying the pipes with a closed method, the pipe is mounted inside the walls, as well as in floors under the floor.

The installation method is chosen depending on the design of the building, the requirements of the plug-in units (in some cases the hidden liner is unacceptable), as well as taking into account the aesthetic considerations and convenience of service.

To ensure the free current of the contents of the sewage and prevent the appearance of the blocks, it is necessary to install pipes with a specific slope. This value depends on the diameter of the pipes.

• For a diameter of 50 mm, the optimal bias is 3.0 cm per meter of the highway.
• For diameter 110 mm, this value is 2.0 cm, respectively.
• For 125 mm - 1.5 cm.

There are certain rules that must be observed when installing internal sewage.

• When connected to the standing of the plumbing equipment, the outlet of the unit should always be located above the location of the removal in the riser.
• Pipelines are stacked in no longer 10 meters, otherwise the detection and elimination of defects (leaks, blockages) will be difficult.
• The connection of the taps with risers is performed using fittings (crossbars or tees).
• Connecting the taps to the rectilinear areas of pipelines is always carried out under oblique angles, the turns at a right angle are performed by two fittings at 45 °, which allows minimizing the possibility of blockage appearance.

As a riser, a vertically installed tube is used, the diameter of which is more than 110 mm (should not be less than the largest removal, which is usually a 110-millimeter removal from the toilet). The riser is necessarily equipped with an audit hatch, which is placed at an altitude of 1 m from the floor level. Distance from toilet bowl to the riser is a maximum of 1 meter.

The connection of the inside with external communications is carried out using a release that represents protective sleeve and passing through the foundation of the cut pipe, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the riser.

The diameter of the sleeve should be about 150 mm, and its edges should go beyond the foundation from both sides by 100-150 mm

System Ventilation System

Ventilation of the internal sewage system ensures the removal of the resulting gases and air flow to fill the system. With intense plum (large volume or flow rate), low pressure zones are formed in pipelines. In the presence of effective ventilation, such a space is quickly filled with air, the pressure balance is restored. Otherwise, the system will "suck" the air through the siphons located near the plumbing. As a result, the operation of the system will be accompanied by loud sounds and the appearance of unpleasant odors in the room.

Internal sewage ventilation is carried out with a fan tubewhich constructively represents the continuation of the riser (with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house and scattered, at different ends, installed by plumbing, it is advisable to install several risers and, accordingly, several fan pipes).

It is displayed on the roof through heated inner space so that its edge is located above the pipes of heating devices and the output of the total ventilation system of the house.

Fan (ventilating) pipe is a continuation of the sewage riser and goes to the roof

Those who are interested in how to make the sewer in a private house with their own hands, it is useful to know that the presence of a fan pipe for one-storey buildings is not necessarily according to the established rules, however, such a supplement significantly increases the efficiency and ease of use of the system.

External communications

For the outside of the sewer system, it is important to choose the right tubes.

Construction of sewage in a private house is usually carried out using PVC pipes, ordinary or corrugated products. With a short weight, they are strong enough and able to withstand temperature differences. In addition, polymeric materials are absolutely immune to corrosion.

The depth of trenches for laying the outer pipes of the sewage should be greater than the level of soil freezing. If this condition is impossible to do this condition, it is worth thinking about how to make the insulation of sewage in a private house with your own hands. Usually, thermal insulation materials are used for these purposes, for example, energyflex or extruded polystyrene foam. More expensive option - laying next to the pipeline of the heating electrical cable.

As in the case of internal communications, the efficiency and reliability of the outer part of the sewage depends on the provision of the necessary magnitude of the slope towards the drive or utilization. If the diameter of the tube is 110 mm, the optimal angle of inclination will be 2 cm for each meter of communication.

When choosing a place for the sewage treatment plant on the site you need to follow certain rules for sewage distance from various objects

Unpleasant odor and its elimination

The appearance of the sewer smell indoors indicates a violation of the system.

In order to protect your home from such phenomena, it's a little to know how to make a sewage in a country house, you need to provide high-quality system maintenance, be able to determine and eliminate defects in a timely manner.

The appearance of the smell of sewage in the house is most often due to an increase in pressure in sewage communications. Under its action, the gases are displaced into the space room. As the elimination measures, it is recommended to hold a set of events:

• install on the instruments of siphons with hydraulic assets,
• clean the pipes (overlapping traffic clearance - one of the most common causes of violations in work, and with incomplete overlap, such a plug may not produce its presence anything other than smell).

The smell may also appear as a result of the tightness of the sealing system. Check carefully all the locations of the connections and eliminate even small leakage.

When designing and installing internal sewage sealing for a private house, no one is insured against errors that can lead to unpredictable consequences, from the appearance of an unpleasant odor to the complete inoperability of the system. Consider in this article the concept of internal sewage in a private house: the design and installation rules + the analysis of frequent errors arising in the process of all this.

General characteristics of the modern internal sewage system

Today, the construction of private suburban housing is experiencing a real boom. Therefore, there was a need to create a convenient and modern sewage system, which could be mounted an ordinary person who does not have construction education. Such a system should have good performance, since the number of sanitary devices producing household waste has increased significantly. After all, with the advent of automatic washing machines, dishwashers, jacuzzi and shower cabins, the water consumption of ordinary household increased to 200 liters per person per day.

An increase in the number of plumbing devices leads to a significant complication of the pipeline networks themselves. The benefit that PVC pipes are used for installation of sewage, which is supplied with auxiliary shaped parts, with which the installation of the pipeline becomes not more complicated by the manufacture of crafts from the children's designer. All these parts are supplied with sealing rings that can be easily replaced if necessary.

Internal sewage is a combination of plastic pipes and shaped parts for their compounds serving for wastewater removal from sanitary devices. The devices themselves are equipped with siphons necessary to prevent the smell penetration into the premises. Laying of pipes obeys strict rules, non-compliance with which is fraught with a violation of the work of the entire system.

Rules for laying pipes when building internal sewage

As a central discharge channel in the entire sewage system at home is the riser. He can be one for the whole house. If the house is too large or the bathrooms are located at a considerable distance from each other, then the risers make two or more. They are vertically installed pipes that begin in the basement, and end on the roof. The lower part of the stand is connected to the inclined pipe of the same or larger diameter, which comes out into the container for the accumulation of wastewater or in the wastewater treatment plant. The upper part of the riser towers above the roof of at least 0.5 m. It is open or equipped with a check valve. Why it is necessary - consider further. All vehicles leading from plumbing devices are connected to risers.

Hydrodynamics of liquids in pipes

The pipe is a cylinder, inside of which water moves. With full filling the pipe with water, the effect of the piston occurs. This means that the pressure from the top of the water plug drops sharply, and on the contrary, it rises. In a situation where an explosive plums from a toilet bowl occurs, the vacuum formed is able to suck all the water from the siphones. This is fraught with the appearance of smell in the premises. On the contrary, in the course of the movement of the fluid, an excessive pressure occurs, which is able to push the uncleanness of the device below.

Ignoring the laws of hydrodynamics leads to two common errors in the design and installation of sewage. The first error lies in the failure of the ventilation device. The background tube coming from the root to the roof, not only removes the unpleasant smell, but also serves as a pressure compensator in the system. After all, when it is presented, the reduced pressure over the water piston does not cortify water from the siphones, and will ensure air flow into the system from the atmosphere, which again levels the pressure.

The second common error lies in the fact that all plumbing devices are connected through the undermining pipes to the riser below the toilet bowl. It is unacceptable, as it will certainly be the reason for pouring uncleanness into the sink or shower cabin during washing. Similar problems occur when supply pipes are longer than permissible for them. In order not to have no such trouble, it is necessary to formulate some important rules for the installation of intumery sewage.

Rules of the device of the domestic sewage system, whose violation is unacceptable

Attention! The violation of the rules below may result in a serious disorder of the internal sewer system or emergency.

• Connecting the toilet to the riser should be carried out separately from other plumbing devices.
• All other plumbing elements include the system above the toilet connection point. On one supply tube there may be several devices if their performance allows.
• Any supply pipe must be diameter no less than having the largest diameter of the appliance.
• The toilet removal has a diameter of 100 mm, therefore, the riser should not be thinner.
• The toilet is set at a distance of no more than 1 m from the riser, and the remaining devices are not more than 3 m.
• If the house has a drilling pipe longer than 3 m, then it should not be thinner than 70 mm. Approach that is 5 m longer than 100 mm millimeter pipes.

If an increase in the diameter of the supply pipes for some reason is not possible, then there is a way to bypass this rule. To do this, it is necessary to bring the roof of such a pipe to the roof and supply a vacuum valve or to flashes it to the riser above all other appliances.

Quantitative characteristics of parameters of laying sewer pipes

Significant, important nuances, the observance of which will ensure the performance of the sewage in optimal mode:

• The slope of all horizontal pipes depends on the diameter of their cross section. The standards suggest that the pipe with a diameter of 50 mm should be descended by 3 cm each temporal meter of length, having a diameter from 100 to 110 mm 2 cm per meter. Pipes having a diameter of more than 160 mm can be tilted at no more than 0.8 cm on the temporon meter.
• Such an indicator, as a height difference for the toilet, should be 1 m, and for other devices 3 m. The exceeding of these parameters must be accompanied by the ventilation organization at the ends of the corresponding veins.

Another common error lies in the improper design of the corners. If you make angles of 90 degrees, then as a result of the rebound in this place, zoom from waste will be formed, and the pipe will quickly break. For this reason, on the corners it is necessary to create a smooth flow of water. To do this, use the shaped parts having an angle of inclination of 135 degrees.

The fourth error is the output of the fan pipe not on the roof, but in general home ventilation. Such a device will create an unforgettable "fragrance" in the whole house, to get rid of which it is possible only by converting the entire system.

In order not to be heard of the sounds of water moving along the pipes, it is necessary to arrange noise insulation. For this pipe, the pipes are wrapped with mineral wool and placed in the box of plasterboard sheets. For timely and convenient conduct of preventive work, the pipes are equipped with hatches of revision every 15 m. The same applies to all turns.

Fifth error. In a pipe connecting the domestic sewer and septic tank, the check valve is not installed. In this case, when overflowing outdoor devices for recycling, water can rise up through the pipes and pour the basement.

Errors associated with the connection of siphones

Connecting any plumbing device to sewage is carried out through siphons having a view of the letter U. Such a curved form allows water to be constantly in it. It forms a hydrobarier and does not smell penetrate the room. However, this system ceases to work when performing some errors. Main error - no ventilation. In this case, the vacuum simply sucks water from the siphon, allowing smells to walk freely around the house. Another reason for the appearance of an unpleasant smell is a banal evaporation of water from a siphon. This happens with rarely using the device. You just need to plug the rag used device.

What calculations are produced when planning internal sewage

Work on the design of internal sewage should be carried out strictly in accordance with the above rules. In addition, certain calculations are required to comply with them:

• The general scheme indicates the place where one or another will be located. Its distance from the riser, the diameter of the supply pipe, the option of attachment and compounds with sewage is thought out in advance. At the same time calculate the required amount of materials.
• Defined with the type of sewer system itself. They are pressure and controversial. Usually because of the simplicity, the system is used in which water flows under the action of the gravity of the Earth. The main thing here is to calculate the tilt of the pipes according to the rules set out above.
• According to the technical characteristics of each sanitary appliance, it is calculated its simultaneous stock. The thickness of the supply tube depends on this indicator. In most cases, for all devices, in addition to the toilet, 50 millimeter tube is suitable
• Calculate the most optimal place for mounting the riser. Most often it is toilets. If there are two of them in the house, in different vertical planes, then the riser is better to do two.
• Calculate the sequence of the sewage is needed so as to maximally reduce the number of angles of rotation. This will significantly reduce the risk of blockage.

The above calculations made correctly will make the sewage system most workable and efficient even if overload occurs.

What is needed to build a domestic sewage system

As mentioned above, the main thing in the sewage device inside the house is to compile its detailed drawing with the indication of all the instruments and sizes of the elements. For installation, sewer pipes from polyvinyl chloride are used. The device of their ends is such that the two pipes can be connected by placing the end of one into the socket of the other. For risers, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used, and for the remaining devices 50 mm. For a compound with external sewers, a corrugated pipe is used, due to its better resistance to the adhesion of the soil.

From the tool usually used: saw for cutting plastic pipes, sharp knife and rubber mounting seals. The saw cut the pipes, cut the cuts with a knife and make chamders. Rubber seals are inserted into the squabbles. For connecting pipes to the system, various fittings are used:

• Kings or taps that are needed for the design of the corners. They are produced with a bend of 45 and 90 degrees. Their ends are also equipped with connoisseurs with seals to create dense connections.
• If it is necessary to connect trimming of the pipes of one diameter, apply transitional taps.
• Tees of various species are fittings for organizing pipe branching.
• Transitional clutches are needed in order to create transitions between pipes of different thickness.

A common error during installation of plastic sewer pipes is ignoring their heating. So that the pipes are easier and more densely in each other and in the connecting shaped parts, the squabbles must be heated in hot water.

Sequence of work when installing internal sewage

Installation of the sewer system inside the house is carried out in the following order:

First, the risers are installed, withdrawing their ends on the roof and in the basement. They must pass in close proximity to the toilet bowls. In the basement, they are connected to the inclined pipe, which goes out into the septic tank, and the upper ends are left open or supplied with check valves.

Secondly, underwater from toilet suits to riser. They must be separate.

Thirdly, connected to the laying stands from other devices above the inputs of the toilet bowls.

Fourthly, installed on all devices of siphons.

Fifth, connect siphons with eyeliners.

In conclusion, let's say that the properly designed and collected sewage will work will work all for a long time without serious problems.

Sewage in a private house is necessarily needed if you live there constantly, and very desirable if you give there only the summer months. I will help you deal with the basic schemes of the sewer system, and we will analyze the algorithm for performing key steps of work.

Channelization scheme

Sewerage for a private house - an integral condition for a comfortable stay. You can only use the street and mesh pit temporarily. Sooner or later, the question of creating a complex system is understood.

Before making sewage in a private house, you need to decide on its configuration. The easiest way to do this, consistently:

1. Analysis of available communications. If there is a centralized sewage network in the settlement, then the work is simplified by an order. It will be enough for us to just get to the collector pipe to connect to it.

To connect to a general collector, permission is required from the local administration, and the work itself is better to entrust specialists. But in any case, it will be much cheaper than the sewer tank itself.

1. Determining the type of tank. Here we have only two options: septicch or cesspool. Septic tank is more difficult and more expensive, but he is less likely to pump, the cesspool is the opposite. The optimal choice is a septic tank combined with a biological treatment station, but the high cost acts as a limiting factor.

1. Choosing a place for a tank. In this question, you need to be guided by the current standards that determine the minimum distance from the pit or septicity to different objects. It is advisable to find a point at the bottom of the relief (to dig less) at a distance of at least 10 meters from home and at least 15 m from the well / well.
2. Selection of the room.The sewage system of a private house must bind all the water drain points together. It is worth collecting them as close as possible to each other, because we determine where the bathroom will be. It is advisable to have it from the outer wall, from the side of the house where the reservoir will be so we will spend less forces and money on the pipe gasket.

1. Pre-planning.Based on the information received, we build the plan of the entire system and pre-calculate how many and what materials we need. According to the calculations, we plan a budget (you immediately launch an excess of 30% in it) and we estimate whether the project will be "lifting".

If the preliminary stage has been completed successfully, you can move to procurement and implementation of preliminary works.

Materials for creating autonomous sewage

An independent sewage device in part-finding is a fairly resource-intensive project. What minimum of materials will be required to implement it?

The main articles are expented in the table:

Illustration	Element design
	Ready septic. The optimal solution for the autonomous sewer system is the installation of septicity of industrial production (tank, triton and analogs). Such products are completed with multi-chamber tanks of sufficient volume and all the necessary devices for the primary wastewater treatment, therefore we will just be installed. The main minus - high price.
	Plastic Capacity for Septic. As a tank, you can use a plastic (polyethylene, polypropylene) tank for waste accumulation. You can also purchase the so-called Eurocube. A plus - Full tightness of the system. Minus - sufficiently high cost and the need to install additional treatment devices.
	Concrete rings. If, when creating a sewage system, the system will save money, then the tanks for the accumulation and wastewater treatment can be made from standard concrete rings. Disadvantage - The need to additionally seal the capacity and complexity of installation. Without attracting the crane, perhaps not to do.
	Pipes for external sewage. To connect a cesspool or septicity with the house, special external pipes are used (orange color). They are well tolerated the temperature differences and are not deformed even under significant pressure when laying at a depth.
	Pipes and fittings for internal sewage. The internal sewering layout is formed from polypropylene (gray) pipes with a diameter of 110 to 40 mm. Together with the pipes, it is desirable to purchase the desired number of fittings for the design of turns, taps, revisions, etc.
	Pipe heat insulation. When laying the outer part of the network, as well as when installing communications in unheated premises (base, basement), there is a risk of freezing pipes. To avoid this, the sewer system is desirable to warm up using mineral wool housings, polyethylenethylene, polyurethane foam, etc.

In addition to the basic materials that are used directly to create a system, additional will be needed:

• gravel and sand for earthworks and styling of the drainage layer;
• cement mortar;
• sealant based on moisture-resistant silicone;
• audit wells - if you need to lay a long or winding pipeline.

Outdoor work

Stage 1. Principle of operation and calculation of the amount of septic

Installation of sewage in a private house includes two types of work:

• outdoor - consist in the device of the tank (cesspool or septic) and laying the pipe to the house;
• internal - Ensure the installation of pipe wiring in the house and connecting water consumption points to it.

If there is a possibility, then these works are performed in parallel, if not, then you need to start from the outdoor device.

The most efficient design for the autonomous sewage septication is considered to be septic. Unlike a cesspool, it does not accumulate the drains, but ensures their processing. At the exit, it turns out relatively clean water, which is filtered into the ground, polluting it with a minimum level.

Works septic enough simple:

1. Adjustion. First, wastewater falls into the first container - sump. It is separated in the separation of wastewater on fractions: solid particles fall into the precipitate (IL), the lightweight organicer floats on the surface, and the lighter liquid is assembled in the middle part. There is also a bacterial decomposition of waste with the release of gaseous reaction products and mineralization of residues.

1. Pereliv. In the wall of the first container, the overflow hole is made, which is located at the level of filling. Through the overflow tube, the clarified water comes from the sump to the second chamber, and solid residues are delayed.
2. Filtration. In the second chamber (filtration or drain well), the clarified strokes pass through the drainage layer at the bottom. Drainage detains another part of pollution, because almost clean water enters the soil.

For this principle, almost all septics work - both homemade and factory. The difference lies in the design of the tanks, as well as in their quantity. Sometimes the septic tank has not two, but three cameras - then another tank for more efficient cleaning is added between the septic tank and the filtration container.

Before you have a septic, you need to calculate its optimal volume.

The calculation of the septicism is performed by the formula:

V \u003d n * Q * 3/1000where

• V. - the desired septicism in cubic meters;
• n. - the number of people permanently residing in the house;
• Q. - the rate of consumption of water per person, liters per day;
• 3 - average drainage duration of wastewater, day.

If you take the cost of consumption approved in SNiP 200 liters, then, for example, for 4 people the volume will be like this:

V \u003d 4 * 200 * 3/1000 \u003d 2.4 m3.

Stage 2. Installation and equipment of the sewer tank

Now we'll figure it out how to make the sewage in a private house. The algorithm for the device is septic in the table:

Illustration	Stage of work
	Digging pit. In the selected location, we apply to the markup site, after which the knob is knocked for installing tanks. The dimensions of the recreation are selected with a margin - so that the bottom of the submetock and waterproofing / drainage layer can be put on the bottom, and make a clay castle on the sides. For septicles of a small volume, the drunk rotates manually, for large-scale structures it is better to use the services of an excavator.
	Preparation of the foundation. The bottom of the pit is equal, after which we put a sandy bench with a thickness of up to 20 cm. Plumbing trambra. Under the installation of the settling room (first capacity), it is possible to pre-lay a waterproofing pillow of clay or a concrete disk, the diameter of which will correspond to the diameter of the well.
	Installing containers. At the bottom of the pit, we lower concrete rings, from which two wells form. The joints between the rings are sealing in order to exclude the ingress of crude drains in the ground.
	DNA device tanks. The lower part of the sump is done with a hermetic, pouring a layer of concrete to 10 cm thick. Additionally, you can process the base with bitumen mastic and put the waterproofing rolled material. At the bottom of the filtration well, we fall asleep drainage: pebbles, gravel, broken ceramic brick, etc. You can also do holes in the lower ring of this tank or use a special perforated workpiece from reinforced concrete.
	Registration overflow. Both tanks connect the overflow tube, which insert into the holes at a distance of about 1.5 m from the bottom. In order for the sump to the filtration capacity, organic waste in the filtration capacity is set to the T-shaped fitting. Due to the presence of a lower nozzle, such a fitting makes it possible to make the selection of the clarified liquid under the surface film from the organic. The installation site of the overflow pipe is thoroughly sealed.
	Overlapping and neck. Plates of overlap with holes for hatches are installed on the wells. If the septic is located deeply, the neck can be additionally used - narrower rings, providing access for cleaning, revision and repair.
	Ventilation and hatches. Insert the ventilation pipe into the overlap. It is advisable to make it higher - so an unpleasant smell will quickly disappear. Wells or separately declined necks cover the suites of a suitable diameter by fixing them with a cement solution.

If the septic is below the groundwater level, it is desirable to seal it outside using runneroid or bitumen mastic. Also, the injection of moisture in the chamber will help the laying of a dense layer of clay along the perimeter of the tanks - the so-called clay castle.

Stage 3. Laying pipes from the tank to the house

The next element of the outer sewage is a pipe connecting the tank with the house. It will receive wastewater in the sewage / cumulative structure.

Pipe laying technology:

Illustration	Executable operation
	Drain and trench preparation. There is a depth of 50 cm to 1.5 m between the house and septice (the deeper the soil in winter freezes - the more you have to dig). For the most efficient flow, we form a bias in the side of the septicism of about 2 cm per 1 m. At the bottom, we lay a sandy submission up to 15 cm. The subference is moisturizing and trambra.
	Pipe laying. The trench is placed in the pipe to drain waste. The optimal diameter of the pipe outdoor of the sewer system is 110 or 160 mm.
	Heat insulation pipe. If the septic is relatively shallow, and the pipe does not turn out to burst more than 1 m, the contour requires additional insulation. To do this, turn it around with a rolled material on the basis of glass gambles or mineral fiber, or we use cylindrical casing of a suitable diameter.
	Input to septic. One end of the pipe is envious to septicch through a hole in the concrete wall of the well. As with the mounted overflow, the hole is thoroughly sealing.
	Input to the house. The place of entry into the house can be decorated in different ways, but most often the pipe is started through a hole in the basement or foundation. It is desirable to insert a metal sleeve in the hole, which will protect the sewage from damage when moving and drawdowns. Also, the input node should be insulated.

After completing these works, we fall asleep all the trenches and the pit finally, and then put the fertile soil or a layer of turf over the backfill.

It is also desirable to make markers on the wall of the house at the entrance. These marks will need when we look for where the sewer pipes are laid.

How to make the sewasonal wiring

Stage 4. Basic elements of the internal network

The next stage is the arrangement of internal sewage. Its configuration directly depends on where stock sources are located, because here I will give a description of its main elements:

1. Riser- Central vertical pipe, large diameter (minimum 110 mm), which combines all contours together. As a rule, in a private house there are one riser, but in large buildings there may be several of them. In the lower part, the knee is connected to the withdrawing sewer tube.
2. Fan trumpet- Mounted in the upper part of the riser, serves to lead gases accumulating in pipes, from the system to an external environment. It is displayed in a separate vent mine or connects to the ventilation pipe located above the roof level.

Without a fan pipe, the pressure in the system will increase, which can lead to incorrect operation of shut-off valves. In addition, accumulating gases are the reason for the appearance of unpleasant odors.

1. Main branches- pipelines with a diameter of about 50 mm (2 inches). Used to connect plumbing devices and other sources of flow with a riser. Since local sewage is usually made in self-erased (i.e., working without additional pressure), then the pipes are packed with a bias in the direction of the drain. For two-link pipes, the optimal bias is about 3 cm per 1 m.
2. Side pipes- Used to connect issues of sanitary devices with highways. The diameter of such a pipe cannot be larger than the diameter of the highway.

1. Revision - Special fittings, which are a tee with one tap equipped with a closing hatch. The revision is placed at the base of the riser, on turns, branching and at the ends of the highways. It provides access inside the pipeline to remove blockages or preventive work.

Stage 5. Pipe Connection

All pipes are connected with the help of fittings that allow you to draw up turns, taps, branching, etc. When installing the system, it is advisable to avoid turns under sharp and straight corners, forming smooth arcs - so we will reduce the risk of blockages in the place of reducing the flow rate.

Typical modern pipes equipped with crops and elastic cuffs are easily mounted with their own hands. :

Illustration	Mounting operation
	Trimming pipes. Using hacksaw with small teeth, cut a smooth end of the pipe to the desired size.
	Removal chamfer. The pruning place is cleaned, removing burrs from the outer inside - they can cause a blockage.
	Preparation of the termination. Insert the rubber sealing ring in the slur. Roll up the seal, laying it into the groove and watching the lack of bends and chances.
	Connection of pipes. Insert the nozzle into the socket and move until you stop. If necessary, we turn the pipe so that the removal or revision opening is in the desired position.

After assembly, all pipes are installed on carrier surfaces. The instruction admits both hidden (in the strokes or behind the trim) and open gasket. In the second case, plastic clamps with latch or screw fixation are used for fastening pipes.

Step 6. Connection to Plumbing Devices

At the last stage, plumbing equipment is connected:

1. Toilet - Usually installed in the immediate vicinity of the riser. Release of the toilet is connected by corrugation or tube segment or with a riser tap, or with a short trunk with a diameter of at least 110 mm.

1. Bathroom or shower booth - Connected to sewage using compact siphons, which are placed under drain holes. The optimal diameter of the discharge pipe is at least 50 mm.

Some models of shower and toilet bowls require vertical sewage to the sewage - this must be considered in advance when designing the system.

1. Shells in the kitchen and in the bathroom - Embed into the system using siphones with hydraulic assets. Siphon usually has the shape of the flask and is placed under the sink, and with the conclusion of the sewage it is connected by a flexible corrugated pipe.
2. Washing and dishwashers - Also mounted using flexible corrugated hoses. To connect such devices, install a separate removal of the sewage pipe, equipped with a rubber cuffs with a rubber sealing cuff.

Conclusion

Installation technology of the sewage system includes a number of nuances, directly affecting the final result. Now and you know them. You can see the subject's subtleties clearly in the video in this article. Answers to any arising questions you can get in the comments to this material.