I will warm up a copyupist, I liked the article painfully.
Our settlement is really glorified with its foxes. And even besides the "official" name, Rodnikas proposed the options of Lisenorsk and Norouralsk. But we can boast rather the number of holes rather than the creative originality of projects (although in the future I am convinced of the Norokophalters - I will show the wonders of architecture. The projects of 8-faceted and round foxes are already being laced. So it has developed historically that the three inhabited holes were built in with the aim of obtaining a ready-made home as soon as possible, spending small means.
In addition to these 3 inhabited sleepers (Nina Ivanovna Fetkulova, Nadi Rubatova, Tanya Womarochova) are 2 already covered, but without interior decoration and without stove, and (Volodya Simakhin and Andrei Beloborodova) Another 1 small (2.5x2.5 m) adapted Under the summer house (Okulovsky). In the next couple of years, at least 4 families promise to build themselves foxed holes.

Such popularity is associated with the advantages of such a dwelling:
1. The rate of construction. One of the holes (Nadi Rubatova) was in 2 weeks from scratch (pits, digging by the excavator) brought to a residential condition (with a stove and interior trim), of which 3 days left for the construction of the frame, the trim and frustration. Of course, with the help of neighbors.
2. Cheapness. We have in almost all projects the main materials - rounding and unedged board.
3. Low repair costs. Since the facade is reduced to a minimum, and the roof is closed by the earth, they should not be repaired.
4. Internal climate. In winter, the navorians spend really less than firewood (at -30 drown 1 time per day) than their neighbors in the fires. They can leave for a few days and do not coat without risk to freeze the dwelling (although in practice we still trample a friend of the stoves in the absence of owners). In the summer a pleasant coolness in the house.
5. No appropriate building permit (advantage for those who are afraid of guests from the land committee). Although in Ukraine, for sure, its specificity.

Fox flaws:
1. Earth, like reinforced concrete slabs, has shielding properties, that is, it is an obstacle to natural cosmic radiation. People sensitive to fine energy feel it as internal discomfort. Therefore, such people are better to build wooden houses that are permeable to radiation.
2. Lack of opportunity to look out the window, the desire to be on top of the Earth is also serious psychological factors.
For me personally, these 2 disadvantages are very significant. Therefore, I myself live in Srub. According to the same, apparently, the reasons are the inhabitants of all three inhabited holes dream of moving to the surface. While settlers who do not have any housing in the estate are dreaming of foxes.

The oldest Nora (Nina's house Ivanovna Fetkulova) was built in 2004, the other two in 2006. Flood from 0.5 m to 1 m. The experiment was a success: the owners are generally satisfied with their homes.

About waterproofing. We have in all 5 cases (except for the Summer Micronorca Okulovsky, I don't know about it) Ruberoid or bikrost was used. It was placed under the bottom strapping (it was almost all, except Volodya Simakhin, lies on Earth, and he has on bricks), they also crossed the walls of the walls from the outside. To be honest, this option does not really like it: it prevents the natural balance of humidity between the Earth and the house (on the theory of the sublighted soil itself regulates humidity and supports it at an optimal level). But I don't know other options. Maybe plastering the walls outside the clay, dry and fall asleep? Clay stucco protects the tree from rotting.
The humidity in the room, probably depends on the type of soil and depth of groundwater. We have loams, water for 5..7 m. Experience shows that dampness does not arise in heated fox. Only Tanya Skomarokhova collided with the problem of dampness: her cellar was attached to the hole, and from there through the door damp and pulls. It also seen the wetting of the ceiling in the corner and disaggregated the boards: there, probably, the backfilling is insufficient and rubberoid is damaged somewhere. Or maybe condensate? It may well appear on the rubberoid on the side of the boards, if the room is wet from the cellar.
Tanya was also the only one whose Nora suffered from the load of the Earth. After the year of operation, the skating beam gave a noticeable crack, and I had to stop her column in the center of the house. The length of the beam is 4 m, the diameter is about 16-18 cm, in the scene a large bitch. It must be said that the logs were used from the boring, which also affected the strength. (Nadi a scar bike beam with exactly the same characteristics is maintained). Conclusions Such: Use logs to bother and with a minimum of bitch. And, most importantly, leaving rafters into each other to redistribute the load on the walls. At the same time it is worth paying attention to the quality of the upper strapping of walls. Although, according to our typical project, numerous wall boards (perpendicular skate), as well as the soil itself must protect the walls (parallel skates) from destroying.
I must say, Tanina Nora is generally a phenomenon. There we built our same settlers, but the work was organized badly, no one knew the project. Deli, you can say, at random. Now I look and surprise: the distance between the rafters is 133 cm and the doomle is made of an inch (!). The inches rushed under the weight of the earth, but keeps! Of course, all other rules are constructed more reasonably.
You ask about the racks. Everything is alright with them! They will not go anywhere.

Different smart people advised ventilation through two vertical pipes. Nevertheless, it has not been implemented anywhere, and no one has suffered from it yet. Although it is possible that it would be even better with her, including in such "clinical" cases, like Tanya Wozroichova.
Windows in all of our nera from the facade, and the facade from one of the frontones.
Even in two Norahs (Nadi Rubatova and Nina Ivanovna) made ceiling windows. Before installing the first, we argued for a long time: is it worth it? The fears about the lakes of condensate, about the flush of the rainwater under the glass, under the frame, about the city, breaking the glass, that in winter it will notice everything ... did - and saw: standing !!! There was no water flowing, dear, too, did not damage (the top glass tempered), the snow does not cause inconvenience and easily cleaned. True, a little condensate Nadi was still. But it did not overshadow satisfaction from the window: bright, but soft, nice scattered light from above lights the house up to the sunset.
On the second window (Nina Ivanovna), the condensate was noticed.

I bring a typical project for which the three-mentioned living holes were built (the other 3, headed under the roof, are also very similar on the project). True, only the initial stage drew. Further will understand the description. We have sizes from 2.5x2.5 to 4x4.

1. The pit is digging more in size than the planned Nora. For the hole 4x4, they dug a pit 5x5 m. Blowing on our average 1.5 m.
2. Ruberoid is placed on the bottom of the future frame.
3. On the rubberoid put 4 logs of the lower strapping, we connect them to Poledev, align in terms of level (you can with some error), caught up to the equality of diagonals and fix the brackets. As an option, you can put lower strapping on bricks. In our area, the main soil - loam, so it can be considered a trusty, and deeply pillars do not burn.
4. At the corners of the bottom strapping, we install 4 posts (length \u003d 180..200 cm): For a good fit, it is peredalized either logs of strapping or pillars. Of course, we will recall on the plumb. We fix temporary shapes, from the porridge, for example (not shown in the figure).
5. Install in the middle of the parties A and C central poles (length 250..300 cm). We fasten them with a hill with angular columns.
6. Installions and beams. It is recommended to take longer than the parties b and D on the project to provide a canopy from the facade.
7. Install rafters. In our projects, they rely on horseback, but it is probably better to rest them in each other. The distance between the rafters is 80..100 cm. When using a canopy from the facade, it is necessary that one pair of rafters is just above the logs and columns of the side A.
8. Intermediate pillars are crashed on each side. In the 4x4 project, we had 2 of them on each side.
9. Walls of the resulting frame are trimmed outside by boards (25 mm) and rubberoid. The facade wall must be insulated additionally.
10. The shapper is hampering and placed rubberoid. We have a doomlet 25..30 mm, but it is better to make it thoroughly, or raftered more often.
11. Well, there, windows, doors and all that. Then the interior decoration.


That's all.

Design and construction of beugoned housing is currently developing rapid rates, as it is one of the ways to reduce the dependence of residential buildings from continuous supply of fuel. It was previously believed that mention of the possibility of building underground or blunt dwellings can be a Nz-for a negative psychological reaction to cause a negative attitude towards any other similar ideas.

In fact, a person has always applied to Earth to protect against the effects of adverse and extreme climatic conditions. Only a historically, a short era of affordable and cheap fuel allowed us to build houses that do not depend on climatic conditions and supply these houses with energy that is necessary for us to create comfortable conditions. Now that the amount of natural fuel is reduced, and the prices of it are growing rapidly, it is time to reconsider the look at the opportunities that land offer us.

We collect on the site information about the construction of fox holes, earthlings.

• Basements and cellars: how to build

  Over the city without cellar and the basement can not do. Especially in the presence of its garden and garden (and it is almost always in the site). I want to keep on the winter and vegetables, and pickles, and apples ... a good basement (cellar) is very important, and therefore it is necessary to approach its construction with the mind.
  

  All everyone who faces the problem of long-term storage of a large number of fresh fruits and vegetables, you need to build a cellar.
  

  Methods for storing fruits and vegetables outside the house: in earthy pits, barts, ice storages, in the cellars of various types, etc.

• Distributed house

  Exceptionally hot summer of 2010 delivered a lot of trouble to the Russians. From the heat it was just nowhere to go. Personally, I escaped in the semi-base of my own house, where there was a rather comfortable temperature, which made it possible to get enough sleep in a pleasant coolness. True, they won't live in the mixture. Involuntarily came thoughts - and how to combine this comfortable temperature regime of the mixture, in which the summer is cool, and in winter heat, with the usual convenience of natural lighting of the usual home. Here, by the way, the project of the fastened house of Foxes Nora B. Novoselova was remembered (house number 10 1999). The most significant disadvantages of this project are the lack of natural lighting and the need to ensure high-quality waterproofing at home. Both are quite difficult to make proposed methods. By changing the specified design and applying modern materials, these problems managed to solve.

  I note that this is only a project, however I used my personal experience when choosing some constructive solutions.

  Comments: 3.

• Stock Foto Houses and interior fox

  Photo sent Dmitry Dorogov.

  Comments: 1, Catalog: 9

• Two fox decisions

  Design decisions of cropped buildings will illustrate two examples. These buildings are simple and economical. They can be compared with well-performed, carefully isolated ordinary buildings, although they cannot be considered perfect. Calculated examples of solutions should not be considered as optimal. Attention to TRN is the main especially "of projects, in which: firstly, architectural and planning solutions; secondly, energy conservation issues; Thirdly, economic characteristics according to local designers. Capital and operating cost issues are of paramount importance for the construction of blunt dwellings.

The type of facilities "Fox Nora" facilities is not new. Studying the history of architecture in different parts of the world in different epochs, we stumbled upon one very amazing fact. A fact that cannot be refuted. About "Lisa Nore" could not not know the people of our time. He could not know the scientists, architects, historians. The image "Lisa Nora" is in the modern children's encyclopedia! It turns out that such houses in one degree or another were used by people of almost all (if not all that failed to establish with absolute accuracy) of civilizations, including our, civilization of today's day ...

Initially, a person, vital without needing in all that we call the benefits of civilization, did not build any structures in nature, because there was no need for in warm districts. But there were also cold. Imagine, if a person was born in a cold area or accidentally, with any cataclysms I was forced to immediately stay in the cold, what can it be built for overnight and from what? Never mind.

If a person was born in a cold area, he initially had to have the ability to endure the cold, otherwise it would be just extinct. Any creature always initially has the ability to live in a medium in which it was born. Note, nature gives life to everyone: birds, fish, animals, holding them in equilibrium called life. And really she created some kind of dependent, which is still needed to just live. It was sentenced. Why should she create such a difficult mentally organized creature, as a person, empower all the beasts to carry cold and such a trifle to divide a person? Put yourself in her place and answer - where is the logic here? Or maybe we lied about the helplessness of a person?

A man born in nature perceives the world around the world as his homeland, his homeland. In nature, everything is interconnected, all creatures have a close relationship, complementing each other and forming a single chain of life as a whole. Such a person was part of this circle of life, he could use animal dwellings on the night of animals around him: large holes of wolves, bears burgots, and so on. Not all animals use their dwellings again. So a person, without bothering himself, could use for overnight - Davits Berloga. Notice, this dwelling is for the night, not a house. The house is a lively surrounding nature.

The temperature in such a constructure is always from 0 to +5 degrees Celsius, i.e. In the summer it is cool, warm warm. Many may argue that in the ground is raw. But if so, then there would be a wolf or a bear? Do you really think animals will live in uncomfortable conditions, try to leave your dog overnight in a wet booth? In fact, such dugouts from the inside are often covered with roots near growing trees, forming a beautiful pattern and closing the earth access, creating a reliable strong support.

I think, here with such "dwelling" - the story of "fox holes" begins, and the housing of animals was used.

It is worth paying attention to one amazing fact. Ask yourself: where it nights it (this is our "Russian Forest Cow")? On the snow ... will not frozen? Nights, it means that will not frown. Wolves, foxes, hares are able to also endure even the most severe winter, sleep on the snow? Then why do they have holes? Incredibly, but the observations of animals lead to the conclusion that they use their homes not as much as protection against temperature fluctuations as as temporary shelter from bad weather, elements. If it rains, then life in the forest seems to be freezing: everyone is hiding in the holes, or just stay on the spot without movements until the bad weather will end: snow, snowstorm, rain or just a strong wind. Not birds in the sky, nor insects. This means that the fact of use by animals of any structures (holes, nests) does not necessarily oblige and person to do also. But people, apparently, used dwellings for this reason.

In the historical encyclopedia, we read: "The dwellings in the southern, dry forest-steppe areas were built in-depth in the ground - twilight. The walls were log. Between the dwellings or in the housing themselves there were grain storage pits .... In the villains along the walls there were benches cut straight from the ground. " ("Big historical encyclopedia of a schoolboy")

Of course, not all the peoples used the hedgerana, it pretty much depended on the lifestyle of people. Naturally, nomadic peoples are easier to have a foldable lung portable dwelling.
Such houses were also used in the north, the Vikings: "As you can make sure, despite the clay walls and earth floors, residential premises were quite comfortable ... All houses were built almost on the century" (Series "Encyclopedia" disappeared civilizations "," Vikings : raids from the north ")

According to historical facts, only the turf roof is used in the future: "In countries with a harsh climate, such as Greenland or Iceland, wood was small, so the locals built the walls of their dwellings from stone and turne."

Houses with a turf roof are preserved to this day. The turf layer in this case saved the need to care. Live roof (in the literal sense of the word) does not require repair! Such structures are found throughout the Republic of Mari El (Volga region). In abandoned villages you can find storages made in a similar way. Standing!

Civilizations that did not know the metal used ready-made dwellings of animals, who knew - by twilight and dugouts, who now we call the "fox". Because to build at least the simplest "Lisa Nora", you need at least a shovel. So, first there was an applying-Bergogus, then the twilight, after only the turf roof remained.

A few years ago in one newspaper (the exact name and room, unfortunately, failed to establish) there was an article that in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Mountain of Beluhi, where, in the opinion of Tibetan monks, there is a Shambhala, live the villages of the Old Believers (as they were called in the article). They live just in such twilights. According to them, people live in them more than 500 years.

Why? Because it does not penetrate any magnetic and other waves with artificially overestimated human oscillations for a two-meter earth layer. A person in such houses is simply not subject to their destroying action. On the outskirts of the settlement from the found by residents of the selection of scrap metal, a metallic pyramid was built. In their opinion, she collects all the negative energy from the space on which they live, and erupts in the form of a lightning. The author describes how he saw the pyramid in action. Negative energy form not they, it is evenly distributed on the ground from the source. On the example, if you hit the hand, it hurts not only hand, but also in the whole body. Given the level of consciousness, the depth of the knowledge of the world order, they will not call them a primitive tribe. At the same time, they choose a dump truck as housing.

Foxy burrow. Part 2: Creating a house.

Nowadays We began to talk a lot about ecological houses, develops are underway, projects of such houses are offered. Among them are many beautiful and comfortable, with autonomous systems of heating and power supply from wind, solar panels, etc., self-cleaning water drains, but, nevertheless, all these projects are almost copies of ordinary homes. To this, it is necessary to add that they are usually much more expensive than ordinary houses, also require further permanent care, restoration, binding to a changing surrounding space. For 20-30 years, they morally obsolete: and architecturally and technically.

Where is the way out?

We want to offer you a well-forgotten design of a house that can build anyone, regardless of material well-being (with desire); at home, with time becoming stronger and beautiful; practically not occupying (which is very important, subject to small sites); Almost does not create shadow and constructed from any known building materials or girlfriend materials available in this area.

This is a project of an earthen construction type "Fox Nora".

Note that such houses are constructed to this day, for example, in Altai, and in almost any region, you can find facilities of this type, if not residential, so economic.
Please do not confuse this building with dugout, as this is not the same. "Fox Nora" is an earthen hill. Depending on the wishes of the owner, it can be constructed with any blowjob or in general at the level of the usual home.
If the angle of inclination of the walls is 45 degrees, then it practically does not create a shadow, because The angle of summer solstice on the latitude of Moscow approximately this is equal. An insignificant shadow is created in the morning and evening hours from the West and the East of the construction.

Why almost does not occupy space?

Yes, because hypotenuse is always more category, and since the embankment of the house is an earthy, it can be used under landing from all sides and from above (strawberry, raspberries, shrubs, flower beds, etc.). It is even possible to plant small trees while complying with certain conditions, which, in general, creates unlimited possibilities when making an external design of your structure and quick and cheap changes in your desire. Imagine: House-flowerba, he can be different every year. That is where an unpacious field for fantasy.

Why is getting stronger?

Yes, because every year the land is more compacted, and the roots of herbs and shrubs so fasten the surface layer, which even remove all internal supports, it will still keep yourself. Go to a nonpauger meadow. After all, all his space is insisted by the holes of moles, mice, worms, but the earth is not falling under you. Do not be afraid to penetrate the root system of plants into the house, there is a simple defense ... In winter, such a house becomes still warm, as it is covered with snow blankets, and the snow load does not create additional weight due to the freezing of the upper earth layer. An example of this is ice on rivers. Inside such a house, at any external temperatures, a plus temperature remains, even without heating, from which it follows that the construction of the structure requires a minimum of energy costs. The walls always breathe it. Summer is cool.
With proper ventilation, it does not happen in it, but there is no such dryness that happens in the apartments in winter time, and humidity and cold, when it turns off the heat, which is mainly the cause of damage to furniture, referring wallpaper and clothing, cracks in the walls , jamming and drying doors and windows.
The inner finish of the house can be made from any materials, even from wood, as there are cheap well forgotten ways to protect it from external conditions. You can also make the walls inside the girlfriend: clay, Iva, reed, straw, rogoz, wild stone, etc.
To make sure other advantages of the project "Fox Nora", consider it in comparison with the traditional home of the same area and made of the same materials with a conditionally taken area, say, 100 square meters. m.

What is the traditional house?

A solidary-free foundation is the basis of any house that is built on the century. Then the base, walls, ceilings, roof. Some auxiliary trifles, such as: trays for water drain, tap tubes, frontones, stuffs, light and ventilation windows, scene, platbands on windows, etc., - which, by the way, requires far from low cost, tools and time, Periodic repair. In the regions with a large snow cover in the spring, the problem of snowdowed avalante with roofs or to join them from weighing snow is added. And the roof itself is the pleasure of expensive. Good, from galvanized iron or glaze tiles, not all for pocket.

And what we have in fox?

Only walls and ceilings that themselves serve and the roof. Note that the walls are much thinner, as they serve only a deterrent from the shower of the Earth (with the thickness of the embankment, it is not necessary to take care of a half-meter about the heat capacity: any frosts are almost withstanding the semeshot parallels). Waterproofing the roof can be made of a conventional rubberoid in 2 layers (the cheapest material), but it is possible without it if there is a good clay castle (from well-natted clay) with a thickness of 15-20 cm or berers, which does not rot in the Earth hundreds of years and not It is afraid of fires, while perfectly holds heat (yes, yes, it is not a typo: there are such vintage technologies). Layer of Earth on the roof of a thickness of one meter a year after laying is not able to wash any shower. Snow waters go more evenly, and the land under the snow is always a bit simpler, which is perfectly absorbing the penetration of water inland. The lower icy crusts is not formed, which means there is no likelihood of a snowy avalanche (and there is practically no place to go). We need only good tap ditches around the entire structure with a slope in one direction, falling out of good grass (instead of concrete, iron or other trays), for example, wildflower, pyrem, etc. The foundations are also not needed or needed purely symbolically under the supports, as there is nothing to freeze, and therefore there is no swelling of soils. And if this house is made of red-eyed brick wall thickness in Pollipich, concrete reinforced with grid, branches, etc. 5-7 cm thick, from boards with beams of arched construction, then it is able to endure colossal loads (examples of this bridges).

Interior decoration like an ordinary home, although here is a mass of ways to save money and time, not counting durability. For example, the floors that can be left earthen, covering them with mats (rug from natural material). Or lay out from the tile, putting it on a lightweight and warm concrete (there are such) or make out of wood, putting on small gaskets, or the same concrete on the principle of "floating parquet". In any case, it does not require plates of overlapping or massive wooden translations.

Next, consider the main reasons for mistrust to the structure of "Fox Nora":
- Unusual appearance
- Fear of flooding
- fear of dampness indoors
- penetration of rodents and insects
- Light
- Distribution of construction

Unusual exterior view- The argument is of course weighty, but let's look around and ask yourself, which is more pleasant to see: a house with swollen walls or broken plaster, written by "wonderful" inscriptions, with a dilapidated roof, etc. or color flowerbed, or a neat lawn, or a dwarf garden with pergola or a gazebo, seized grapes, hop, etc.

Of course, a beautifully made facade of the house with a fashionable architecture is also a pleasant sight, but for a long time? After all, the fashion for architectural styles is changing so quickly, some 20-30 years old and the style is obsolete. Try to change the facade of a stone or wooden structure ... and the same time makes destruction, and with them and care for restoration. Another thing is Alpine slide, or flower garden, or lawn. It can be changed at your discretion at least every year, and small trees or shrubs with a creeping root system (juniper, lilac, jasmine, Christmas trees, etc.) on the background of the hill will create a steady landscape.

Fear of flooding- The thing is very serious, but nowhere is not said that this structure should be built on the swamp, or in the floodplain of the river, or pit. Even if your plot is relatively raw, you can build tap ditch. From the penetration of spring upper waters, the thick layer of the land of the embankment of the house and the elevation of 50-60 cm from the general level of land of the entrance to the room is saved.
The shower of the home itself depends on the level of groundwater and the desires of the owner (even though go under the ceiling, at least do not rush at all).

Dampness indoors It occurs mainly due to poor ventilation, or low heat capacity of the walls, or incorrectly located heating system. The heat capacity of the walls of the 1.5 meter embankment will not cause doubts, well, the ventilation system and heating in your hands. Probably, many had to observe moldy walls, chopped wallpapers and plaster in quite good outwardly multi-storey houses planned and built by professional professionals.

To question O.penetration rodents, Moles and other unwanted neighbors you can only add a few words. Our high-rise mice and rats are not less sickened, despite the fact that they are made of bricks and concrete, material, allegedly inaccessible for rodents. I had to meet rats and mice and on the 14th floor. Ants and cockroaches have become an integral part of our everyday life (who does not have, can see the abundance of chemical means of protecting the cohabitants in stores). Malns do not grow their moves on this depth, as they hunt behind the worms that feed on the residues of vegetation and are in the fertile top layer 30-50 cm. Yes, and he prefers to bypass, and not hack. For ants, it should be done in a half-meter wall that it is forced to break through the three-kilometer tunnel under the ground to the breadstop that is opposite your home. All these neighbors need a house and feed. And the house they are equipped only next to the feed base. No feed and house they do not need. So keep food reserves in special premises and live quietly without all these worries.

Fear of roof collapsealso not justified. Droppers, covered earth, withstand even a bombing. We think it does not threaten. A layer of Earth 1-1.5 m thick solves even protected from the impact of a brica moisture with a thickness of 15 cm, but even better arched construction from any materials on a sandy pillow (about the slabs of the overlap and talking). After a year or two, the roots of the plants so fasten that the soils will keep themselves.

The question of lighting remains. This question is highlighted more widely, as it has many options.
Let's start with traditional windows in the walls on the usual level for us 80-90 cm from the floor level. It is quite possible, only you need to foresee when laying the walls of small "loggias" around the window, as it is from the sides and from the top from the window there is an earthen shaft. An earth shaft can and bottom to reach almost to the window level, but it is not scary. It can be lined with tiles, brick, wood, and anything, but you can simply plant the flowers or arrange the minibar for fresh greenery. Heat leaks will serve "prosperity" (in our case). If I do not like the land with a flower bed at the window level, and this question is solved. It is enough to insulate the space under the window from the outside of the thickening of the walls or glass gamble, rogo, straw, and the like.

Fig. 1 Traditional window with glazing loggia

Traditional windows with loggias with earthwood. Perhaps glazing outside and getting mini-tech.

It is desirable to do one on the room, though large, and to save the heat to insert triple double glazing (albeit expensive) or get used out of them as a regular loggia or greenhouse. If you have heated there, then you will receive a minipple or "winter garden" (depending on the desire of the owners). And to get the impression of this type of windows in advance, look at the world from the apartment window, in which there is a loggia. And you see that you do not see that it is located from the sides of the loggia: an earthen shaft or a neighbor loggia, as well as above it: a neighbor's loggia or a growing tree.

The next type of windows is anti-aircraft windows. They can be located in the walls at the ceiling level or in the ceiling itself and have a different form (see Fig. 2, 3, 4). That's where the scope for fantasy. You can imagine a living room or a dining room, where you sitting in your favorite rocking chair by a fireplace or aquarium with fish, at the same time you can admire the starry sky, or the types of clouds at sunset, or flight of butterflies above the colors or hanging grapes, while in a cozy bedroom . Or "Sleep under your star."

All this is possible in the presence of an anti-aircraft window of the "dome" type (see Fig. 6). Technically, the execution of these windows does not represent much difficulty. The fear of snowflowers is also not justified. After all, the window is located above the earthy hill, and even the child is capable of using a broom or brush to remove snow at the end of the snowfall. The second and third glazing can be provided from the room at the ceiling level (at least with stained glass windows). Either to put the mini-aircraft outside, where again heat leaks will serve the cause of prosperity. And you can simply put the attic double-glazed windows (Fig. 7).

Fig. 6. From above - an anti-aircraft window (mansard glass). And below - an example of a window-dome with triple glazing

There is still one unwarled question: where to get so much ground? It can just buy it. Cheaper building material does not exist. But there are other ways, for example, digging wells, ponds, tap databases. If you do not want it, there are still ways ...

Also among the advantages of "fox holes", it can be noted that such a house cannot be "listed", to disassemble for spare parts, burn, paint, etc. But he has two essential drawbacks: the first - unusual, the second - this house is not intended for workaholics: it is not necessary to repair it every year and maintenance work is too small.

If everything, the foregoing, interested you, let's go directly to several projects of such houses.

Foxy burrow. Part 3: House projects.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe generic estate. Who is she oriented to? For people with different capabilities, but united one goal: "I can not be more unhappy." Those who consider themselves happy already in this world may not finish. Many people are now ready to live just in harmony with the world and nature. Others would like to combine in their own kind of estate natural with usual, i.e. Boards of civilization. For these two fundamentally different categories of people who want to embody the idea of \u200b\u200bthe generic estate, we offer two fundamentally different approaches of designing houses such as "Fox Nora".

First approach Combines: simplicity, functionality, practicality, maximum merge with the surrounding space with minimal material costs and time maintenance.

The approach is second Combines the principles of the first with modern amenities and devices, architectures and landscape design. In this case, the degree of merging with nature you choose yourself - the most acceptable time for you at the moment, up to the complete transfer of all the conveniences of the city to the settlement.

Now, using the first approach, we describe one of the most simple and affordable houses like "Fox Nora" (see Fig. 1). (Note: In the figures are presented projects of houses, the most close to modern, which is certainly not necessarily. The houses themselves look quite large and look like cottages. This is not like this: just at the expense of the house it seems big what it really is. His living area is the same as an ordinary house).

Fig. 1. "Fox Nora"

It should be immediately noted that the internal planning of any house of the "Fox Nora" type is not at all bindings to the external form and the design of your home. Also a distinctive feature is that you are not at all obliged to place the rooms closely, you can remove them from each other at any distance by connecting the corridors (see Fig. 2, 3).

This gives unlimited possibilities when planning at home, a decrease in heat loss between rooms (in the kitchen of heat: they prepare lunch, - in the nearby hall - cool) and high noise insulation, which is very important for large families, with minimal material costs. And the ability to grow additional areas in case of an increase in the family without losing an external design, the so-called "growing" house.

With a second approach, consider the two most significant types of houses for "settlers". These are houses-complexes, or house-gallery. The first type is house-horseshoe, the second is a closed house - gallery. Consider the first (see Fig. 4).

The feature of the house of the horseshoe-shaped form is that its facial part (inner courtyard) is made modern, and the front-line - completely merged with nature. The house has two main entrances from opposite sides. In front entrance you invite business partners in work, urban relatives who are not accepting anything other than modern amenities, important guests. And on the back courtyard - its real friends, like-minded people. Here you are in the "city" (located on the front yard), worked, made several steps and you are in a virgin forest, or your garden, or garden, etc. And no one may even know that you have a house - "Hill" here. They think you have a normal house or even cottage. And you so modestly spend time, looking at the blooming garden, which, by the way, I can afford very few rich people. After all, the garden is grown by you. This is your success, native, so you are so happy. And they are planted by professionals: beautiful, but dead. Therefore, the rich people change their cottages so quickly. After all, this is not their success, this is the success of the designer. And he does not bring them joy ... That's the secret.

The second home along with all the advantages of the first has its own distinctive. If you want to live in a modern house, while at the same time it should not spoil the natural landscape - it is for you (see Fig. 7). It can be a house - a gallery of any form (circle, oval, square, triangle, hexagon, etc.) with a patio. It is convenient because the approach is possible to all rooms both from the inside of the house and through the courtyard on the smallest way. In the general landscape, the site does not repel visually and does not absorb the surrounding space.
For those who are hard to move from the "civilized" architecture to nature and simplicity, the patio is a real find. It can organize a swimming pool, or a fountain, and you can all together. Relieve tracks or clasp. You can even glazing all the top courtyard space.
Walls overlooking the courtyard can be made "classic", i.e. Leave open, from those building materials, from which the house was built, bold tiles, wild stone, marble, lining, etc. In a word than you want. And you can also make an embankment, drop, turning into a lawn or a flowerbed and equip the minisad inside the courtyard with grapes, cherries, chili ... organize decorative reservoirs, without fearing that the water and roots of trees will fit into the house (do not forget about the dutches or gutters). Others and do not think that you have everything there! The outer embankment may be simple.
At the top of such a house-complex you can put a gazebo with a circular review, or a summer not heated room. Summer kitchen, but you can place it inside the yard. You can set hives, and if the hives-decks can be built into a fabulous ensemble. You can even put the greenhouses (they will not obstruct a lot of light) or just organize the minisad. Your capabilities are limitless!
As you see for all these houses, one is characteristic of the combination of opposites: civilized and natural. Moreover, you can freely choose the ratio of living and dying elements in your home!

In addition to everything we can say that this project can be completely autonomy: water supply, sewage, etc.

do it yourself »Useful Tips» Building a house "Fox Nora"

13-04-2011, 21:19

It is unlikely that where the feeling of such a security may arise as in the stuffed building. The secret was simple and I learned this secret on the pages of the site www.ibrus.ru - the energy and spirit of the Earth literally permeate the construction under the turf dome. Natural grounding of the construction eliminates stresses, removes electromagnetic fields caused by wandering currents, which is typical of multi-storey reinforced concrete structures.

It is not terrible to shut down heat centers and interruptions with electricity, since to maintain a comfortable temperature of a fairly elementary wood focus. The habitual monotonously flashes by the window of the electric train of country villages. Booths, Shalashi, Houses, Houses, Domysi ... And for the whole of this breasting is not visible the main - beauty of the cultivated land. And at home (or rather, cases) are empty most of the year. In the cold warm them for overnight (15-16 ° C) problematic: while the walls are warm - it's time to gather in the city.

In the stuffed house will never freeze water in the pipes or in the kettle, and at a minimum cost it is easy to create comfortable living conditions. The lack of natural lighting can be compensated for by a device for transparent roof elements (anti-aircraft lamps), the effectiveness of which is much higher than traditional windows.

Fig.1 Plan of a house "Fox Nora" type for a small area:
1 - veranda (14.0 m2);
2 -kun (12.0 m2);
3 - room (20,0m2);
4 - vegetable store (18.0 m2);
5 - greenhouse (18,0m2);
6 - pantry (1.3 m2);
7 - Bench Runduk;
8 - Conditions water supplied

Modern stuffed structures can be the most detailed destination: these are space for livestock, garages for agricultural machinery, etc.

Strawberries of the Third Millennium - from elite mansions to the mink of the Hobbit

d. at home, erected using the simplest materials (ceramzite concrete blocks, sand bags, logs, soil blocks), can help solve the acute housing problem of many categories of the population - refugees, immigrants, etc.

This type of wedding houses received our conditional name "Fox Nora". Our architectural workshop is ready to help develop projects both small buildings and entire public complexes (sports, cultural purposes, etc.). Let's see how for a small garden plot you can build a small house embankment.

Manufacturing jobs.At the first stage, a total pitual depth is 0.5-0.8 m and dimensions of 0.5 m more than the dimensions of the future building. The soil is folded on the permanent of the embankment. Upon bottom, the ribbon foundation 400 mm thick and a depth of 250 mm from the M300 concrete reinforced with the grid from ZF6A-1. Under the ribbon foundation lays preparation with a thickness of 150 mm from a sandy-gravel mixture. At the top of the foundation - waterproofing of two layers of rubberoid on the bitumen.

The walls of the house are made of red bricks ML00 on a cement-sandy solution M50: to a marker 0.00 - a thickness of 380 mm, above 250 mm thick.

You can make walls from other materials, for example, from concrete blocks, or produce from monolithic ceramzito concrete. The outer surfaces of the walls in contact with the soil must be isolated with a coating hot bitumen (two to three times) or rubberoid.

The overlap is arranged from the volatile reinforced concrete plates of the PK63-15-8 type, on top of which the leveling screed is made. The overlap is insulated with polystyrene foam plates with a thickness of 50-70 mm, which are placed on cold bitumen mastic. The insulation layer is coated with two - three layers of rubberoid (hydroize) on bitumen mastic with waterproofing of pairing places with walls.

Over the facility - Clay lock with a layer of 10-15 sms to the subsequent embankment of the soil removed from the pit. Subsequently, at this place can be seen decorative grass, laying a flower garden, etc.

House under the protection of the Earth

Modern underground house is little similar to the bunker, cellar or dugout. It is beautiful, comfortable and environmental. Construction of such unusual housing is a bold experiment, but it is fully justified.

Underground houses have a view of a hill or holes in the slope and look like an element of a natural landscape. Growing interest in housing, in which the walls and roof are covered with land, as a result of which they are often referred to as "foxes", explained not only by the desire for originality and maximum unity with nature, but also by rational considerations - the desire to obtain economic benefits during erection and operation. Underground construction is available for all, and technology compliance guarantees high quality of the medium in the house. There is a large selection of options for the construction of the construction of the structure into the ground: from completely underground to the entire ground, laid land (bulk, fenced beirds - from it. BERME is an element of the slope of the embankment). Construction methods are also diverse: from simple suitable for erection of the house with their own hands, to complex, based on avant-garde architectural and engineering ideas. Therefore, at home are different - from low-budget buildings to luxurious underground villas.

Temperature under the ground

The temperature of the soil is an important factor in energy saving at home. The soil does not heat the soil and it accumulates it well (in a dry state, it is about such as bricks, therefore, the temperature fluctuations occur on the surface of the Earth are slowly distributed in it, reaching depths with a large delay. Measurements have shown that at a depth of 2-3 m, the warm moment of the year comes 2-3 months later. The coldest soil is spring. In the climatic conditions of Ukraine at a depth of 2 m in winter, the temperature will be 6-8 ° C, in the summer - 15-18 ° C.

Benefits of construction

Live below the surface of the Earth in past times was considered the lot of poor. To divert the space for one or more rooms in the ground, the means, the enclosure structures can not be erected - they are the earth. However, the disadvantages of such a dwelling remained dampness, the lack of sunlight, the complexity of the ventilation, therefore it was impossible to be considered healthy and environmentally friendly.

The view of the house underground began to change in the late 60s of the last century. Over time, decisions were developed to organize life in such structures in accordance with healthy standards.

But it affected the cost of housing: when using high-quality materials, which it is desirable to apply in underground construction, it may not be less than a similar area located on the surface.

But at a suitable area you can take full advantage of the unique advantages that the earth is protected:

Energy saving. Since the earth does not heat the heat and can have a greater thickness, for such dwellings is characterized by the stability of the internal temperature: in winter it is well maintained heat, in the summer it does not need air conditioning. In an extreme climate with long-term cold, windy winter and hot summer, maintenance of comfortable temperature will not be energy consumption;

High sound insulation. The earth perfectly protects against the sounds of any frequency, there will always be silence and peace in the premises. It is also limited to the penetration of sounds outward. Therefore, underground houses are comfortable in a noisy locality, near the autogide;

Safety. The underground house is safe in zones with increased seismic activity, not afraid of hurricanes, is being protected from the outside of fires. In the dwelling it is difficult to get to the thieves, since the number of places for penetration is limited. In the event of hostilities, the underground construction becomes a comfortable personal bomb shelter and provides reliable disguise;

Saving a landscape. The natural landscape of the terrain will minimally change after the construction of the house, the area of \u200b\u200bthe green cover of the site, the ecological and aesthetic value of the place will continue; The ability to build on inconvenience. Attractive, but sophisticated slope, hilly plot can be turned into an advantage and easy to master;

Reducing labor cost during construction. In rough terrain, you can reduce the volume of earthworks. The labor-intensive facade and roofing works will not be required. This will reduce the cost and time of the house; The minimum costs of maintaining the construction in preservation. When using high-quality waterproofing walls and roof, overgrown with grass, will require care only from the point of view of landscape design, as part of the site.

Competently erected underground house will not have shortcomings, unless the overview of the area from the windows may be limited. However, its features and the cost of construction are significantly dependent on the natural conditions of the site. Sometimes the house is beneficial to burst into the ground, in other cases it is rational to build it above the ground and stomp. Analysis of the site will show how difficult and expensive events will be needed in construction, so that the house does not suffer from the penetration of water, soil shifts, lack of lighting.

House on the top of the hill

A comfortable place for construction - on the top of the hill. The location at the highest point of the relief helps to maximize the placement of water from penetration, orient them on any sides of the world, provide excellent lighting and overview from the windows. During construction, the upper part of the hill is broken, and after the construction of the structures fall asleep again.

Requirements for the site

To determine the feasibility of building an underground house, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the site in the complex:

RELIEF. Preferably relief with height differences - inclined or hilly. In such a plot there will be a place to harmonize the house at the economy on earthworks. In any construction on the slope, the floor is formed, at least partially located underground, and its expansion and deepening will allow you to do all the rooms underground. In a hilly area, the home can be placed on a horizontal platform, while partially by entering into one of the elevations of the relief, which will play the role of natural interval of the walls. Therefore, most underground buildings are built on the relief. The owners of a hilly plot, difficult to build a standard house, should think about the construction of underground housing.

It is also important that with inclined sites, surface water and soil remains dry. There should not be an underground house in a lowland, ravine or Talvega, where water is going to the surrounding area.

ORIENTATION. Ideal southern slope orientation, for most of the day providing rooms sunlight. The northern slope, although it will cool the coolness in the hot climate, is still unacceptable for the underground house from a hygienic point of view, since the premises need insolation. With a hot climate, a good orientation is Eastern. On the flat platform, you should also focus the input and windows on the sunny sides.

PRIMING. Best of all, if the plot is sunk, which are well passed water - sand, sandy and loam. They dry quickly, suitable for natural and artificial obmissions (which is performed by the soil taken out of the pit). The adverse type of soil is clay, because it delays moisture and blurred at moisture. However, it can be used as an additional waterproofing lock in layers adjacent to the carrying underground structures of the house. As a top coat, a fertile soil layer is used, which during construction is removed and saved.

GROUND WATER LEVEL. The best will be a plot on which groundwater is locked at great depths. This will allow you to maximize the house, embed it in the relief. Below is the level of groundwater, the dwelling cannot be positioned, it should also be verified that an underground flow does not occur at the construction site - in these cases it is difficult to eliminate the penetration of water inside the house. Modern technologies allow you to reliably protect against moisture seepage through the design, but the cost of work will be unreasonably high.

MICROCLIMATE. The land of the territory, the better for the construction of an underground house. The humid microclimate is contraindicated to him: to fight dampness it will be necessary to strengthen ventilation, constantly monitor the status of the structures, which will cause costs and discomfort.

Types of houses

The two main types of houses, protected land, are underground and stalked. The underground is the structure, fully or mostly located below the ground level. The lined house can be located above the level of the Earth or partially under it, while the upper part of its walls and the roof falls asleep with soil. The earth roof directly moves into the surface of the site (which distinguishes the underground dwelling from the ground with a landscaped roof).

Each house, protected by the Earth, is individual, but you can select several common variants of solutions depending on the appearance, the location on the relief, the construction method.

1. House-dugout. Traditional and easiest option of the underground house. The most suitable relief for construction - with a slight bias or flat, also the construction can adjust the hill. Only the roof covered with soil is noticeable above the ground surface. With a rectangular plan, it is usually double, but it can be flat or vaulted. The entrance is arranged in the end wall, in front of which the veils are made with a canopy and leading down steps. The windows are embedded into the frontones on the end walls, sometimes (for example, if the rear end adjoins the hill) use windows embedded in the roof as light lamps or lug-free. The house can only be one-storey (for greater floors, there is a regular building with a basement), its width usually does not exceed 6 m (this is determined by the possibilities of overlapping the span), the length is arbitrary. The room can be broken into rooms, providing them with windows.

When erecting, the dugouts are torn the pit, installed along its perimeter of the wall enclosing from raw land, as well as supporting structures for the roof, then overlap the room and fall asleep the roof of the earth.

2. Dried house. An option suitable for any type of relief - flat plot, slope, hilly terrain. The house may be insignificantly swallowed, including completely terrestrial or combining underground and stalked parts. For example, the ground can be "attached" to the hill, which will serve as a natural fence of the part of the walls, and the rest of the walls to observe (it is economically, since the volume of earthworks is reduced). There is an opportunity to make the house of any form in terms of multickest, two-storey, with the orientation of windows by several sides of the light.

When building a wedding house, first in the kittle's depth or on the surface of the Earth, walls and roofs are erected. Fencing structures should not only separate the room from the ground, but also to withstand the soil pressure. Then the building falls asleep, leaving the vertical sections of walls with windows and the entrance.

3. House built into the slope. The parameters of such dwellings depend on the rope of relief and the orientation of the slope. The steeper the slope, the more there may be the floors.

Cheap, eco-friendly, fabulous ... do it yourself

Lights residential premises usually on the side of the slope, while the light front is desirable to make the highest possible. During construction, as a rule, a part of the slope is removed, the building structures are erected and the landscape is returned to the previous state. If the stability of the soil allows, construction works can be carried out directly in the thickness of the Earth.

When the site is located near the top of the hill, the house may be a cross-cutting tunnel with outputs on opposite sides of the slope, which will expand the possibilities of lighting and ventilation of the rooms. It can be built by direct penetration into the thickness of the soil or removing and falling asleep over the top of the relief again.

Architecture and interior

The architectural appearance of underground and stuffed houses is significantly different from the ground.

In addition to green walls and roofs, for many of them are characterized by plastic, streamlined forms of volumes. The formatives of their structures are often performed from the reinforced concrete, as it is able to withstand a large pressure generated by a ground of the soil, and effectively protect against water.

There are also differences in layout. The houses built into the slope often have an extended plan from a small depth of rooms - up to 6 m. Deeper under the ground can be placed premises that do not require daylight (bathrooms, pantry), but their area will be small. For underground construction, the use of top light lamps is characterized, as well as light guides equipped with mirrors, launching land inland sun rays. The outer walls are sometimes completely glazed. South-oriented large windows help not only better illuminate the house, but also to accumulate heat. In order to improve lighting in the interior for the separation of premises, translucent partitions are sometimes used, painted surfaces into light tones.

Dissolved houses can have a traditional plan. But there is another possibility - the rooms can be made not adjacent to each other, but by the connected corridors ("underground strokes"), which will increase the similarity of the house with the "fox". This is important if it is necessary to insulate the premises. In addition, it is possible to form interior details from the soil (tables, layers, etc.), separating their surface with tiles, wood or other material depending on the style of the interior.

Terms of construction

When building underground and crumpled houses, it is necessary to prefer moisture-resistant materials. You can use ceramics treated with impregnation wood, a suitable material is a monolithic reinforced concrete. Aerated concrete, which absorbs moisture abyss, should not be applied. It is important to use high-quality waterproofing (the material depends on the specific conditions and technology of construction). The dying of the building is produced by the soil selected from the pit. To cover an overhead house, you will need to get a large amount of soil into the site.

The most simple and widespread technology involves the construction of the house (both underground and obmounted) in the open way. Remove the recovery of the necessary depths and forms with a size of 0.5-1 m more dimensions of the construction. On the perimeter of the walls, which will make a shell of the house, make a small-breeding foundation (its power depends on the size of the structure, design and material of the walls, the planned thickness of the soil layer). Walls are created from bricks, wooden logs, concrete blocks, monolithic concrete. They may be thinner than that of the ground house, but when the stuffing must withstand the pressure of the Earth (Polikirpich or up to 10 cm concrete). The carrier structure of the roof can be mounted in the form of a rafter system with frequent arrangement of the rafted (for increased strength) and a downtown. With brick or concrete walls, it is worth performing a monolithic reinforced concrete overlap and give the ceiling that will become the roof of the house, vaulted the form most effective to maintain the array of the Earth.

The outer part of the shell of the house and the floor is hydroizing the continuous contour. The thermal insulation is not required if the thickness of the ground layer protecting the structure is more than 1 m. As a rule, in the roof area, the soil is placed in a smaller layer, so in the upper part of the house you have to arrange an additional insulation (preferably extruded expanded polystyrene, resistant to interaction with wet ground). The floors are performed on the ground, as in the usual house, consistently laying waterproofing, insulation, tie and finishing coating.

To remove water from the walls, it is necessary to organize drainage. Drainage databases are located around the perimeter of the construction (on the slope, paying special attention to the site above the house) and discharge into the territory below the house. The drainage layer is also required in the thicker covering the house of the soil. It helps reduce water pressure on underground structures.

A more complex technology - construction in a closed method - is used to build underground houses on a cool slope. It involves the creation of an cavity in the thickness of the Earth and carrying out work completely underground and requires the participation of specialists who have experience in underground construction, the use of special equipment, creating a strengthening structure of the construction.

Engineering

The energy and water supply systems of the stalled and underground houses are the same as in the ground. There is differences in the ventilation device. It is necessary to take into account the wallproof of the walls and the danger of the appearance of dampness (especially if there were errors in the waterproofing device - for example, the material turned out to be fragile and cracked). Therefore, in the stalked, and in underground houses (even more oriented only on one side of light and deprived of through ventilation), it is necessary to provide pressure forced adhesive ventilation. Holes of the exhaust pipe are placed under the ceiling, lifting the pipe over the roof (if the house is large, there may be several of them). The inflow is made through special holes left in the area of \u200b\u200bthe entrance at the height of the half meter from the floor. The volume of air exchange and cross-section of holes must calculate the specialist, and the first indicator increases if the house uses an open flame instruments, such as a furnace. Fans are installed not only for exhaust, but also on the air holes, providing a forced influx of air. Hood and influx must be provided with dampers to adjust the air exchange. It is also desirable that the windows can open. They will provide an additional air flow, and when placed in the upper part of the house, for example, on the roof, - and extract.

In the underground house it is better to use electrical heating systems and water heating, it is advantageous to equip the house with solar collectors. The furnaces and boilers operating on solid fuel are also possible (however, they increase the load on the ventilation system). Gas use is dangerous.

When the underground blown house is located on an even relief, difficulties can occur with the sewage device. If the formation of the effluent is at a depth, it is not always possible to organize their samples to the accumulation site and it will be necessary to use the pump. Such a situation is desirable to avoid, because it puts tenants in a serious dependence on the supply of electricity.

Therefore, the question of the sewage device should be taken into account when determining the level of destruction of the house. It should be opened only to the level allowing the sewage to be sewed.

Selection of waterproofing

The variant of the waterproofing device depends on a number of factors:

Material of walls and roofs. When using stone materials, a coating, rolled, plaster waterproofing is used. For concrete - most effective penetrating (injection) waterproofing, creating inside the wall impassable for water barrier.

Soil humidity. With dry soils, there are enough coloring two layers of hot bitumen, with wet it is better to apply rolled materials in several layers (their quantity should be that higher than the water pressure on the surface).

Mechanical effects on waterproofing. In the presence of shifting forces (for example, on inclined surfaces), it is not worth using bitumen and synthetic waterproofing materials that differ in the creep. For walls experiencing shifting, tensile or large compressive stresses, as well as seismic loads, the most reliable plaster waterproofing.

Solid coating device

The comfort and durability of the underground house largely depend on the correctly performed multi-layer system from the soil, which is actually its finishing enclosing construction.

The carrier horizontal part of the house (slab plate, roof) should have a bias to avoid stroke water in the thickness of the soil and its further winding. To protect the inner space of housing and designs from supercooling, thermal insulation is organized, and then waterproofing, which has a long service life (20-50 years) and high strength. On top, the drainage layer is placed (from crumbs, fine gravel, large sand) and protect it from erosion with filtering material (geotextile). At large slopes for drainage, it is convenient to use special synthetic mats or profiled membranes.

The soil over the house is poured with a layer of at least 30 cm, which is enough for the device of the lawn and a flower garden. On the inclined surfaces, the scratched roots securely keep the soil, but in order to immediately protect it from slipping, a rolled lawn is usually used, and with more than 45 ° slopes, the surface is reinforced with a special grid. The more massive layer of the soil, the larger plants can be planted, but you should always choose copies with a surface, and not a rod root system.

It is also important to consider the watering system.

Fox Nora (laid house, dugout)

Design and construction of beugoned housing is currently developing rapid rates, as it is one of the ways to reduce the dependence of residential buildings from continuous supply of fuel. It was previously believed that mention of the possibility of building underground or blunt dwellings can be a Nz-for a negative psychological reaction to cause a negative attitude towards any other similar ideas.

In fact, a person has always applied to Earth to protect against the effects of adverse and extreme climatic conditions. Only a historically, a short era of affordable and cheap fuel allowed us to build houses that do not depend on climatic conditions and supply these houses with energy that is necessary for us to create comfortable conditions. Now that the amount of natural fuel is reduced, and the prices of it are growing rapidly, it is time to reconsider the look at the opportunities that land offer us.

We collect on the site information about the construction of fox holes, earthlings.

• Basements and cellars: how to build

  Over the city without cellar and the basement can not do. Especially in the presence of its garden and garden (and it is almost always in the site). I want to keep on the winter and vegetables, and pickles, and apples ... a good basement (cellar) is very important, and therefore it is necessary to approach its construction with the mind.

  All everyone who faces the problem of long-term storage of a large number of fresh fruits and vegetables, you need to build a cellar.

  Methods for storing fruits and vegetables outside the house: in earthy pits, barts, ice storages, in the cellars of various types, etc.

• Distributed house

  Exceptionally hot summer of 2010 delivered a lot of trouble to the Russians. From the heat it was just nowhere to go. Personally, I escaped in the semi-base of my own house, where there was a rather comfortable temperature, which made it possible to get enough sleep in a pleasant coolness. True, they won't live in the mixture. Involuntarily came thoughts - and how to combine this comfortable temperature regime of the mixture, in which the summer is cool, and in winter heat, with the usual convenience of natural lighting of the usual home. Here, by the way, the project of the fastened house of Foxes Nora B. Novoselova was remembered (house number 10 1999). The most significant disadvantages of this project are the lack of natural lighting and the need to ensure high-quality waterproofing at home. Both are quite difficult to make proposed methods. By changing the specified design and applying modern materials, these problems managed to solve.

  I note that this is only a project, however I used my personal experience when choosing some constructive solutions.

• Stock Foto Houses and interior fox

  Photo sent Dmitry Dorogov.

• Two fox decisions

  Design decisions of cropped buildings will illustrate two examples. These buildings are simple and economical. They can be compared with well-performed, carefully isolated ordinary buildings, although they cannot be considered perfect. Calculated examples of solutions should not be considered as optimal. Attention to TRN is the main especially "of projects, in which: firstly, architectural and planning solutions; secondly, energy conservation issues; Thirdly, economic characteristics according to local designers. Capital and operating cost issues are of paramount importance for the construction of blunt dwellings.

• Bunkers

  The big Soviet encyclopedia says that the bunker is refuge in the German military terminology. In our same - a provider for storage. And when you see the modern bunker in American, in terms you start rubbed.

  Company: U.S. Bunkers ("American bunkers"). Location: Miami, Florida. Business: "Production of portable, aerodynamic, monolithic concrete structures for one single goal - protection and rescue of life."

  Hobbit House

  Description: "You must see it."

• Sherry roof

  Photo of a turf roof, Norway. The technology is the following: galvanized sheets, on top of them the grid (in order to prevent the soil rolling), then the upper fertile layer (broken from the Earth) or simply a bulk land that falls on anything.

• Like Nora in the Altai Territory

  This construction, I built this summer in the suburb of Barnaul, Altai Territory.

  Inside the finish has not done yet, so I would like to know the latest ventilation and heating.

  I also want to make a turf roof (now I have a ruberoid there).

  I would like to talk with like-minded people.

• Foxes around the world

• Earth houses from Peter Vetsch

  Information about this site (photos from where are presented below) sent us to the site Marina Iron.

  Very interesting projects of earthy houses. Part of the photos - below in the photo gallery.

  All of them are located in Switzerland and part - in Germany.

• Dugout and Spring Flood

  The most serious test for the dump truck was the spring flood. This test they could not stand - they were flooded. The presence of the slope and drainage did not guarantee the dry dust. Conclusion Simple to correct the situation need to do drainage to the depth of the diverse of the pit or raise the earthen floor. Neither the slope, nor the pit under the pond saved the dugout from flooding. I had to lift the floor to the ground level. At the moment it is "roof on earth."

Where is the way out?

Why is getting stronger?

Unusual exterior view

Fear of flooding

Fear of dampness indoors

Penetration of rodents and insects

Light

Discount design

In our time, we began to talk a lot about ecological houses, developments are underway, projects of such houses are offered. Among them are many beautiful and comfortable, with autonomous systems of heating and power supply from wind, solar panels, etc., self-cleaning water drains, but, nevertheless, all these projects are almost copies of ordinary homes. To this, it is necessary to add that they are usually much more expensive than ordinary houses, also require further permanent care, restoration, binding to a changing surrounding space. For 20-30 years, they morally obsolete: and architecturally and technically.

Where is the way out?

We want to offer you a well-forgotten design of a house that can build anyone, regardless of material well-being (with desire); at home, with time becoming stronger and beautiful; practically not occupying (which is very important, subject to small sites); Almost does not create shadow and constructed from any known building materials or girlfriend materials available in this area.

This is a project of an earthen construction type "Fox Nora".

Note that such houses are constructed to this day, for example, in Altai, and in almost any region, you can find facilities of this type, if not residential, so economic.

Please do not confuse this building with dugout, as this is not the same. "Fox Nora" is an earthen hill. Depending on the wishes of the owner, it can be constructed with any blowjob or in general at the level of the usual home.

If the angle of inclination of the walls is 45 degrees, then it practically does not create a shadow, because The angle of summer solstice on the latitude of Moscow approximately this is equal. An insignificant shadow is created in the morning and evening hours from the West and the East of the construction.

Why almost does not occupy space?

Yes, because hypotenuse is always more category, and since the embankment of the house is an earthy, it can be used under landing from all sides and from above (strawberry, raspberries, shrubs, flower beds, etc.). It is even possible to plant small trees while complying with certain conditions, which, in general, creates unlimited possibilities when making an external design of your structure and quick and cheap changes in your desire. Imagine: House-flowerba, he can be different every year. That is where an unpacious field for fantasy.

Why is getting stronger?

Yes, because every year the land is more compacted, and the roots of herbs and shrubs so fasten the surface layer, which even remove all internal supports, it will still keep yourself. Go to a nonpauger meadow. After all, all his space is insisted by the holes of moles, mice, worms, but the earth is not falling under you. Do not be afraid to penetrate the root system of plants into the house, there is a simple defense ... In winter, such a house becomes still warm, as it is covered with snow blankets, and the snow load does not create additional weight due to the freezing of the upper earth layer. An example of this is ice on rivers. Inside such a house, at any external temperatures, a plus temperature remains, even without heating, from which it follows that the construction of the structure requires a minimum of energy costs. The walls always breathe it. Summer is cool.

With proper ventilation, it does not happen in it, but there is no such dryness that happens in the apartments in winter time, and humidity and cold, when it turns off the heat, which is mainly the cause of damage to furniture, referring wallpaper and clothing, cracks in the walls , jamming and drying doors and windows.

The inner finish of the house can be made from any materials, even from wood, as there are cheap well forgotten ways to protect it from external conditions. You can also make the walls inside the girlfriend: clay, Iva, reed, straw, rogoz, wild stone, etc.

To make sure other advantages of the project "Fox Nora", consider it in comparison with the traditional home of the same area and made of the same materials with a conditionally taken area, say, 100 square meters. m.

What is the traditional house?

A solidary-free foundation is the basis of any house that is built on the century. Then the base, walls, ceilings, roof. Some auxiliary trifles, such as: trays for water drain, tap tubes, frontones, stuffs, light and ventilation windows, scene, platbands on windows, etc., - which, by the way, requires far from low cost, tools and time, Periodic repair. In the regions with a large snow cover in the spring, the problem of snowdowed avalante with roofs or to join them from weighing snow is added. And the roof itself is the pleasure of expensive. Good, from galvanized iron or glaze tiles, not all for pocket.

And what we have in fox?

Only walls and ceilings that themselves serve and the roof. Note that the walls are much thinner, as they serve only a deterrent from the shower of the Earth (with the thickness of the embankment, it is not necessary to take care of a half-meter about the heat capacity: any frosts are almost withstanding the semeshot parallels). Waterproofing the roof can be made of a conventional rubberoid in 2 layers (the cheapest material), but it is possible without it if there is a good clay castle (from well-natted clay) with a thickness of 15-20 cm or berers, which does not rot in the Earth hundreds of years and not It is afraid of fires, while perfectly holds heat (yes, yes, it is not a typo: there are such vintage technologies). Layer of Earth on the roof of a thickness of one meter a year after laying is not able to wash any shower. Snow waters go more evenly, and the land under the snow is always a bit simpler, which is perfectly absorbing the penetration of water inland. The lower icy crusts is not formed, which means there is no likelihood of a snowy avalanche (and there is practically no place to go). We need only good tap ditches around the entire structure with a slope in one direction, falling out of good grass (instead of concrete, iron or other trays), for example, wildflower, pyrem, etc. The foundations are also not needed or needed purely symbolically under the supports, as there is nothing to freeze, and therefore there is no swelling of soils. And if this house is made of red-eyed brick wall thickness in Pollipich, concrete reinforced with grid, branches, etc. 5-7 cm thick, from boards with beams of arched construction, then it is able to endure colossal loads (examples of this bridges).
Interior decoration like an ordinary home, although here is a mass of ways to save money and time, not counting durability. For example, the floors that can be left earthen, covering them with mats (rug from natural material). Or lay out from the tile, putting it on a lightweight and warm concrete (there are such) or make out of wood, putting on small gaskets, or the same concrete on the principle of "floating parquet". In any case, it does not require plates of overlapping or massive wooden translations.

Unusual exterior view
- Fear of flooding
- fear of dampness indoors
- penetration of rodents and insects
- Light
- Distribution of construction

Unusual exterior view- The argument is of course weighty, but let's look around and ask yourself, which is more pleasant to see: a house with swollen walls or broken plaster, written by "wonderful" inscriptions, with a dilapidated roof, etc. or color flowerbed, or a neat lawn, or a dwarf garden with pergola or a gazebo, seized grapes, hop, etc.

Of course, a beautifully made facade of the house with a fashionable architecture is also a pleasant sight, but for a long time? After all, the fashion for architectural styles is changing so quickly, some 20-30 years old and the style is obsolete. Try to change the facade of a stone or wooden structure ... and the same time makes destruction, and with them and care for restoration. Another thing is Alpine slide, or flower garden, or lawn. It can be changed at your discretion at least every year, and small trees or shrubs with a creeping root system (juniper, lilac, jasmine, Christmas trees, etc.) on the background of the hill will create a steady landscape.

Fear of flooding- The thing is very serious, but nowhere is not said that this structure should be built on the swamp, or in the floodplain of the river, or pit. Even if your plot is relatively raw, you can build tap ditch. From the penetration of spring upper waters, the thick layer of the land of the embankment of the house and the elevation of 50-60 cm from the general level of land of the entrance to the room is saved.

The shower of the home itself depends on the level of groundwater and the desires of the owner (even though go under the ceiling, at least do not rush at all).

Dampness indoors It occurs mainly due to poor ventilation, or low heat capacity of the walls, or incorrectly located heating system. The heat capacity of the walls of the 1.5 meter embankment will not cause doubts, well, the ventilation system and heating in your hands. Probably, many had to observe moldy walls, chopped wallpapers and plaster in quite good outwardly multi-storey houses planned and built by professional professionals.

To question O.penetration rodents, Moles and other unwanted neighbors you can only add a few words. Our high-rise mice and rats are not less sickened, despite the fact that they are made of bricks and concrete, material, allegedly inaccessible for rodents. I had to meet rats and mice and on the 14th floor. Ants and cockroaches have become an integral part of our everyday life (who does not have, can see the abundance of chemical means of protecting the cohabitants in stores). Malns do not grow their moves on this depth, as they hunt behind the worms that feed on the residues of vegetation and are in the fertile top layer 30-50 cm. Yes, and he prefers to bypass, and not hack. For ants, it should be done in a half-meter wall that it is forced to break through the three-kilometer tunnel under the ground to the breadstop that is opposite your home. All these neighbors need a house and feed. And the house they are equipped only next to the feed base. No feed and house they do not need. So keep food reserves in special premises and live quietly without all these worries.

Fear of roof collapsealso not justified. Droppers, covered earth, withstand even a bombing. We think it does not threaten. A layer of Earth 1-1.5 m thick solves even protected from the impact of a brica moisture with a thickness of 15 cm, but even better arched construction from any materials on a sandy pillow (about the slabs of the overlap and talking). After a year or two, the roots of the plants so fasten that the soils will keep themselves.

The question of lighting remains. This question is highlighted more widely, as it has many options.
Let's start with traditional windows in the walls on the usual level for us 80-90 cm from the floor level. It is quite possible, only you need to foresee when laying the walls of small "loggias" around the window, as it is from the sides and from the top from the window there is an earthen shaft. An earth shaft can and bottom to reach almost to the window level, but it is not scary. It can be lined with tiles, brick, wood, and anything, but you can simply plant the flowers or arrange the minibar for fresh greenery. Heat leaks will serve "prosperity" (in our case). If I do not like the land with a flower bed at the window level, and this question is solved. It is enough to insulate the space under the window from the outside of the thickening of the walls or glass gamble, rogo, straw, and the like.

Figure 1. Traditional window with glazing loggia

Traditional windows with loggias with earthwood. Perhaps glazing outside and getting mini-tech.
It is desirable to do one on the room, though large, and to save the heat to insert triple double glazing (albeit expensive) or get used out of them as a regular loggia or greenhouse. If you have heated there, then you will receive a minipple or "winter garden" (depending on the desire of the owners). And to get the impression of this type of windows in advance, look at the world from the apartment window, in which there is a loggia. And you see that you do not see that it is located from the sides of the loggia: an earthen shaft or a neighbor loggia, as well as above it: a neighbor's loggia or a growing tree.
The next type of windows is anti-aircraft windows. They can be located in the walls at the ceiling level or in the ceiling itself and have a different form (see Fig. 2, 3, 4). That's where the scope for fantasy. You can imagine a living room or a dining room, where you sitting in your favorite rocking chair by a fireplace or aquarium with fish, at the same time you can admire the starry sky, or the types of clouds at sunset, or flight of butterflies above the colors or hanging grapes, while in a cozy bedroom . Or "Sleep under your star."

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3. Anti-aircraft window, window type with high gluke
Fig. four.

All this is possible in the presence of an anti-aircraft window of the "dome" type (see Fig. 6). Technically, the execution of these windows does not represent much difficulty. The fear of snowflowers is also not justified. After all, the window is located above the earthy hill, and even the child is capable of using a broom or brush to remove snow at the end of the snowfall. The second and third glazing can be provided from the room at the ceiling level (at least with stained glass windows). Either to put the mini-aircraft outside, where again heat leaks will serve the cause of prosperity. And you can simply put the attic double-glazed windows (Fig. 7).

Fig. 5. Anti-aircraft windows, view from the outside and inside

Fig. 6. From above - an anti-aircraft window (mansard glass). And below - an example of a window-dome with triple glazing

There is still one unwarled question: where to get so much ground? It can just buy it. Cheaper building material does not exist. But there are other ways, for example, digging wells, ponds, tap databases. If you do not want it, there are still ways ...
Also among the advantages of "fox holes", it can be noted that such a house cannot be "listed", to disassemble for spare parts, burn, paint, etc. But he has two essential drawbacks: the first - unusual, the second - this house is not intended for workaholics: it is not necessary to repair it every year and maintenance work is too small.
If everything, the above, has interested in you, let's go directly to several projects of such houses ...

Http://arira.ru/lisya-nora-2.htm.