In order to save money and not doubt the efficiency and reliability of electrical equipment, modern craftsmen came out to make power tools at home. With your own hands, today, you can collect a manual micro-electric drill, high-frequency bormer and not only. How to make rotary tools and components to them - read below.

Hand drill with your own hands: Manufacturing instructions

A small electric drill is needed to everyone who marshrite electronic crafts or is engaged in thin decorative work. Such a machine is ideal for the implementation of small woodwork, plastic and metal, drilling printed circuit boards.

You can collect a mini drill at home from the cartridge, jars from under soap bubbles, a motor for rotation of the cartridge, the battery.

Motor can be taken from a hair dryer or a grinder. Suitable for making crafts and an electric motor from a video recorder, an engine from an old cassette tape recorder.

To make an electric mini drill need:

1. Connect the cartridge with a motor. Make it, best, with the help of cold welding. But you need to work quickly and carefully: welding quickly freezes and becomes durable as iron. Redo the connection, with failure, will not work.
2. Place the cartridge in the jar. For better fixation, the cartridge must be treated with a thermoclaim.
3. To do in the second base a hole for switch. Better, if you turn off the small, keyboard.

Manual microdril is ready! It remains only to solder the wire from the motor and nutrition, observing the polarity. For powering mini-drill, there will be enough batteries by 9-12V. Additionally, you can make the reverse on the six-contact switch.

Collet cartridge do it yourself

The collet (or clamping) cartridge for mini-drill is a transition device that serves to clip drill, which is attached to the output shaft of the motor. The mini-cartridge allows you to use in the operation of the drill with a diameter of up to 3 mm. The smallest homemade drill can work with the drills with a diameter of 0.7 mm.

The quality of the drill quality depends on the quality of the cartridge and fastening the drill to the motor.

Therefore, the selection of the clamp should be approached with full responsibility. And if it fails to find a high-quality device, it can simply be enough. At the same time, it will not be necessary to use a lathe. In order to make the clamp you will need only the screw M8 and the closed nut M8.

Making a collet clamp for mini-drill:

1. In the screw head we drill a hole with a diameter of 2 mm;
2. We take a drink with a hacksaw and apply two axial screws on the casing;
3. In a closed nut, strictly in the middle we drill a hole with a diameter of 2 mm;
4. Using the larger drill, extend the hole in the closed nut to 3.5 mm;
5. Make a cone from the nut, connecting it to the usual drill and calculating with the emery paper.

Tsang is ready! Now you can insert a suitable size to the bolt and screw the nut. In order to use the drill, it was convenient, you can make such a collet for each micro-drill. It will help to make high-quality work and a special feature for a drill.

Bormashinka for small works with their own hands

Bormina has long ceased to be an exclusively professional dental instrument. Today, the bormer with a flexible shaft is actively used to perform small decorative works, grinding, polishing, cutting various products.

You can make a rotary bormer with your own hands on the type of mini-drill.

At the same time, it should be noted that for high-quality work, the homemakes will need a fairly powerful motor. So, for the power of the bumshires, the motor is perfect for 18V from the screwdriver. The easiest way will be made engraver from the old blender.

For the manufacture of bormers will need:

1. Disconnect the top of the blender from the working;
2. With the help of a stationery knife, remove the rubber pad on the button, and the screwdriver spin the bolts located under it;
3. Screwdriver, from the power of the power cable, pitch the top cover of the housing, and remove it carefully;
4. Remove the blender from the Blender housing connected to the power cable;
5. Remove the plastic part from the housing located above the rotator;
6. Remove the plastic tip from the electric motor shaft;
7. Measure the shaft diameter of the caliper (if there is no, then the stationery line will be suitable for these purposes);
8. Clean the electromotor body from the oil and degrease its surface using an alcohol napkin;
9. Put on the shaft of the collet cartridge of the corresponding size;
10. Install on the location button on the pressure mechanism, controlling both inclusion and disconnecting the device;
11. Collect a blender.

Manual Bor Ready! Powering such a tool will be performed through a power cable with a fork. You can power the tool and batteries, but then the batteries, from time to time, have to be changed or charged.

Flexible shaft for bormers do it yourself

If you need to transmit the rotation of the Engraver motor, drill or boron on the nozzle, then you will need a flexible shaft. This device consists of a wire prisoner in flexible armor, retinue in several layers, and

will be able to significantly expand the functionality of the rotational instrument. You can collect a flexible shaft yourself.

To do this, you will need:

• Brass tube;
• Two sleeves M4 with thread;
• Shaft from the electrode (diameter 5 mm) with M5 thread;
• Adapter with internal thread M5 and outer M8 by 0.75;
• Fast-minute mini-cartridge;
• Clip from drilled over the axis of the M12 bolt;
• Protection for connection.

We collect a flexible shaft. To do this, we insert into the brass tube shaft from the electrode and put on both sides of the tube of the m4 bushings. On the one hand, screw the adapter on the sleeve, and the mini-cartridge is on it. From the reverse side of the tube, we have a clamp, with which we connect the shaft from the electrode with flexible. For convenience, you can drip on the emery of the head screws on the climax. We put on the clamp a special brass protection, and fix it with fasteners. Isolated connection. Flexible shaft is ready! For convenience from the cartridge, you can place the clamp with a plastic handle.

How to make a Dynamo Machine from the Motor from the Old Printer

Dynamo Machine is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical. The work of the Dynamo Machine is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. That is, an electric current occurs in a closed device circuit when the magnetic induction vector flow is changed, permeating the contour.

In other words, Dynamo Machine is the simplest DC generator.

In everyday life, Dynamo Machine can be used to charge audio and video equipment, smartphones and other low-power gadgets (for example, fitness bracelets, tablets, toy robot, etc.). In addition, the device is perfect for noting the bicycle headlights, LED tapes, manual flashlights and other devices that feed on single-phase networks.

To assemble the homemade, you will need:

• Motor (electric motor) from inkjet printer;
• Belt and gear from the same device;
• Handle with a convenient, non-slip handle;
• Two small wooden bases;
• Four capacitors per 10000 μF;
• Diode;
• Metal corners and fasteners;
• Wires and solder.

Making a dynamo machine is quite simple. To do this, connect the capacitors in parallel, the phase from the capacitors to withdraw through the diode to the electromotor, and the zero of the condenser is connected through the jumper with zero of the electric motor. Wires for connecting electrical appliances should be derived from the condenser connected to the diode, observing polarity. After that, it is necessary to put the entire design on the base, covering the electric motor with a second wooden plank so that the pulley is stuck out of it. From the side of the pulley, you should position the gear with the handle, and cover their belt.

Micromoter with his own hands

Micromoters have been widely used in the construction of small aircraft objects (for example, microwjobolet and aircraft models). The micromoter itself is a DC necoletics micromotor.

Make a micromoter can be made from an electromagnet from the vibropilos of an old mobile phone.

For the axis of the rotor, you can use a drill with a diameter of 0.29 mm. To make the motor, it is necessary to carefully wind on the cooling wire drill in two navigations. The length of the winding must be several mm more than the length of the electromagnet.

After that you need:

• Apply a thin layer of epoxy resin for gluing metals, and put an electromagnet on it;
• Make two sleeves from fluoroplastic, and put them on an electromagnet from two sides;
• Put the design to the guides under the winding, and wind it copper wire.

Micromotor is ready! It remains to install valves on it, and connect to power through a microchip on 5 inputs. Instructions for the manufacture of interesting crafts from motors offers on its channel Roman Jursi.

Bormashin with his own hands (video)

Household electrical sequins are a guarantee of the reliability and durability of the power tool. In addition, it is a good opportunity to save, because, often, for the assembly of a household instrument, a minimum of details are required that will easily find out in everyday life or nearby store. Use the instructions presented in the article, collect rotary household electrical appliances with your own hands, and enjoy their quality and availability!

Collet. They hold the item during its processing at a huge speed. There are several types for different forms of details, types of processing and destination. The collet cartridge, unlike the quick-release (BZP), does not require additional devices: studs, screws or stoppers. Therefore, the second name is self-sufficient. This simple and reliable device was widespread in the equipment of turning machines. The most common Type of Canggie - Er.

Types of clamping cartridges

In turning, drilling and milling machines for metal, choppers are used with a mechanical or hand clamp of 2, 3 or 4 cam. Self-centered 2 cams are used in the manufacture of shaped castings. In 3 cam fastening hexagon and round blanks with a cone Morse. And when processing asymmetric, rectangular or rods, more convenient than 4 cam sets.

All clamps are divided into the following categories:

• lever;
• collet;
• drilling (fasten, bp);
• wedge;
• hydroopatrons;
• membrane;
• thermalcatrons;
• 3-cam;
• 4 cam.

The cartridge drilling self-apparatus is used on universal or special lathes. Their device makes it stronger to transfer the clamping force at a torque significantly less than spiral cartridges. The design is performed from hardened steel and a set of cams from the same metal.

The package includes a set of fastening bolts and cams. Often, the cartridges that go to the drilling or milling machine are quickly breaking enough, as made of low-quality metal. Qualified turner can make a new one.

Principle of operation of the collet cartridge

Cartridges with a set of replaceable colanguits are used for fastening axial blanks and cutters on milling, turning, drilling machines, numerical control equipment (CNC). There are many sizes and types of collet cartridges that work according to one principle. Self-going nut supplies pressure on the end of the collet, which moves into the conical opening, the diameter is reduced by squeezing, tightly holding the tail end of Morse cutter. To remove the cutter or the part, the nut is twisted, the pressure decreases and the collet is sampled.

The advantage of collet cartridges before otherwise in small radial beats of the workpiece installed in such a clamping device. Enchantable in a self-activated cartridge, the item is well centered. Unlike fast-following (BZP) used in the tremers, self-apparatus work without keys, which are often lost.

Typically, such mountings are used to process bushings, cylindrical parts with a morse shank, rods. They are very comfortable for the secondary attachment of the already processed part. If the parts profile does not match the shape of the inlet of the cartridge, replaceable cartridges from the set are used.

The design of the collet cartridge

The cartridge consists of a clamping nut and a set of colang. There is with a retractable, retractable or stationary Cangoy. For the purpose of the collet can be clamping or submitted.

The feeding collet is the tempered steel sleeve with 3 cuts that form a kind of petals with directed into the center ends and spring. The feeding of the feed collet should be so that the workpiece is tightly clamped. The feed collet is screwed into a rotating feed rod, which supplies the workpiece using a hydromechanical or cam mechanism. During the installation of the workpiece in the cartridge, its end of the Morse is rushing between the petals, spreading them. Under the influence of elasticity, the petals are tightly pressed against the workpiece. The clutch increases during processing due to friction forces.

One-piece clamping collet is a sleeve with petals, springing when exposed. For the operation of the parts with a diameter of less than 3 mm, three-fledged colts are used, from 3 to 80 mm - four-fledged, more than 80 mm are six-board. The grip increases by reducing the lumen of the slots during the tightening of the collet inside the cartridge.

The plug-in clamping collet is used to fasten the details of the smallest diameter. The cams of such a cartridge are moved by springs. The detachable colangs can be completed with liners for shift, their appearance and dimensions depend on the characteristics of the workpiece.

Metalworking tools (drills, taps, cutters) are fastened in the collet cartridges (drills, taps, mills). The cutter is fixed by replaceable colangu, an additional nutty-reinforced. During the screw, the chung nut is interpretable inside, and being elastic, firmly presses the shank of Morse. The minus of this type of cartridge is that under each diameter of the cutter is needed its collet.

In the Machines of Longitudinal Treatment Self-Cartridge, used for fastening the mini-blank treated. The device of such colangs is somewhat different from the usual. Together with them, conventional tools for clamping Morse cone can be applied to fasten the blanks.

How to choose a collet cartridge

The first condition when choosing a self-activated cartridge - fastening to the spindle. The clamp can be installed directly on the spindle, through the adapter or wind on the thread.

Flange size: the diameter of the belt for attaching or the Morse cone parameters. Not knowing the parameters of the end of the flange, the cartridge will not pick up.

Number of cams: In the set there may be two, four, six. The price of the product depends on the quantity, shape and metal. Depending on the type of work, you can buy fasteners of solid metal alloy or soft.

How to make a cartridge yourself

For the work on wood, soft metals and plastics, homemade printed circuit boards will suit a mini-drill of small power, made by hand. The easiest way to equip her already ready-made mini-self-consuming fastening from handle or pencil. But if there are no such hand, the mini-collet is completely easy to make it yourself. Needed: soldering iron, steel wire with a thickness of 1 mm, solder.

Proceedings:

• a spiral of the electric motor with a diameter of the electric motor and the drill with which it is necessary to work with a diameter
• the spiral is disappeared, high quality compounds are provided by soldering flux or CFET;
• the spiral is put on the shaft and mini-collet ready.

A video about how a qualified turnover of the metal made it with its own self-shielded cartridge.

The collet cartridge is a special device used for the tool clamping when performing turning, milling, drilling and other operations related to the processing of metal blanks based on the technical task (sequence of operations performed, processing technology, the included product sketch).

Types and principles of clamping cartridges

The collet cartridges are used mainly in the processing of a cold-rolled rod or other metal products having an already treated surface.

Constructively, cartridges can be classified by functionality:

• with a fixed mechanism;
• with a retractable mechanism;
• with a retractable mechanism.

Each design has its own characteristics. The feed type is made in the form of a steel sleeve with 3 cuts forming petals that have a spring effect.

Drawing No. 1 of the Chief Spindle Chang

Type F - Clamping the main spindle are used to secure the product being processed.

Drawing No. 2 Tsangi Corporate

The LN type collations are made extended, the size E depends on the size.

Drawing number 3 Tsang type R

Type R - are the tsangs of the pulling type.

Drawing number 4 Tsang type T

Type T - clamping.

Drawing No. 5 Tsang BF

Tsang, feeding the type BF - is designed to serve a rod.

When installing on the machine, the feeding collet on the thread is attached to the pipe with which is supplied to the working area. It is necessary to take into account the constructive feature - the size and shape of the collet, which is mandatory to correspond to the profile of the processed rod.

During the preparation for processing, the rod is moving through the petals, which due to constructive features tightly hold the workpiece. In the course of processing when applying the workpiece, the clutch force between the petals and the product increases. The principle of operation of the clamping elements is based on the enhancement of the adhesion of the petals with the processed workpiece when the working mechanism is rotated. The sleeves having 3 petals are used to process products up to 3 mm, four to 80 mm, six - over 80 mm. Typically, colangs have an angle at the top of the cone to 30º.

When processing a thin bar, a collation is used equipped with springs that increase the clamping force of cams. With an increase in the diameter of the processed billet, structures are used, equipped with special liners selected by product dimensions. The collet clamp is also used when processing using drill, cutter or tap. The bushing is fixed in the cartridge using the nut, and the cutting tool directly in Cangge. When fixing the nut, a decrease in the internal volume of the hole is made, where the workpiece is established, thereby it is installed, the strength of the retention bar is increasing in a stationary state.

The cartridges of this design have their drawbacks. First of all, the requirement of the coincidence of the shanks of the tool used with the characteristics of the CANG used. The enterprises are most widely used by the ER type collations that constitute the largest amount of the total tool used.

When performing complex works on the manufacture of products, various colts are used with the indication of all sizes and technologies of performing operating operations, but often it is necessary to combine tooling or make their own hands the required collet cartridge with the required characteristics.

Video Review Turning Cartridge

How to make a collet cartridge

In the manufacture of your own hands, there are situations where the available snap-in does not allow you to perform the necessary operations. It is required to make a collet cartridge that meets inquiries with the execution of the product according to the designed sketch.

All work must be started with the preparation of the sketch with the study of all necessary parts. Sketch of the cartridge allows you to take into account all the features in the manufacture of your own hands the necessary snap and clamping mechanism.

In the manufacture of colanguits, you need to consider several features:

• the inner diameter of the collet is equal to or less than the minimum diameter of the part;
• in Tsang, an increase in internal diameter is possible due to the expansion of petals;
• to increase the manufacture of divorce CANG after a wiring and improving quality characteristics, an additional grinding of the conical and guide part of the Canggi is needed;
• it must be borne in mind that during the long-term work, the elasticity of the petals of Canguits is lost as a result of what a breakdown may occur.

Hello everyone, in this instruction we will look at a very simple and cheap option for the manufacture of homemade born. From the most expensive here we can consider here, except that the motor, but it should not be found in your work. As for the flexible shaft, he is here too homemade. A flexible shaft is made from a regular bicycle cable and a piece of hose.

Such a simple homemade you can carry out various minor work. This cutting, grinding, drilling and much more. In the clamping cartridge you can set a mass like purchased nozzles, and do it with your own hands. So, proceed to the manufacture.

Materials and tools for homemade:

Materials:
- normal CD;
- ;
- a piece of PVC pipe;
- Motor 12V ();
- ampoule from gel handle (tube);
- metal rod;
- ;
- superlkles;
- cable from the bike;
- tape;
- paint;
- Food plastic container;
- a piece of plywood;
- thin sheet metal;
- switch;
- a set of cutting discs;
- power supply and connector for it;
- rubber tube.

Instruments:
- stationery knife;
- adhesive gun;
- screwdriver;
- Drill.

The process of making bormers:

Step one. Flexible shaft handle assembly
Let's start with the knob of the flexible shaft, it is the most difficult part of the homemade, however, there is nothing difficult here. The handle consists of two parts, start with the first. In the first part of the handle there is a metal axis on which a clamping cartridge is installed. We take a plastic disk or other material and produce 3 rounds on the diameter of plastic pipes, it will be a kind of plug.

Next, you will need an ampoule from the gel handle or another suitable tube. Its inner diameter should be such that it could be easily inserted a cable. Drill in the plugs of the hole in the diameter of the tube and collect the design. Everything is going to glue, the author uses superclauses.

Now we need a metal rod, we set it inside the first half of the handle. On the one hand, we set the clamping cartridge, it is fixed with a screw. And on the other hand, with the help of a superclone, a piece of plastic tube is fed. As a result, we get the axis that cannot jump back and forth, that is, there are stops from both ends. It is desirable to put stubborn washers and reduce the backlash.

The first part of the handle is ready, you can make the second. It is done in a similar way, only the plug is placed only on the one hand, and in the plug gluage a piece of the tube. You can mount the cable! We carry it out through the second part of the handle and apply hot glue to the tip of the cable. Quickly, until the glue is dry, insert the tip of the cable into the tube installed on the metal axis. You can clamp the edge of the pipe with pliers so that everything keeps reliably.

Now glue both halves with superclaim handles. From above, the author strengthens the joint place with the help of a tape. Handle is ready! If you wish, you can paint as the author did.

Step second. Install the engine
To install the engine, you will need a piece of plywood, take a motor and secure it to the base with the help of self-made clamps from fine metal and screws. In order to the shaft of the motor, you can connect the cable, secure a piece of a plastic tube on the shaft.

Engine can be installed in the housing. As a case, the author uses a plastic container. It is cheap, convenient and publicly available. Before installing the motor, solder the wires.

The motor is installed, you can connect the wiring. The electrical circuit consists of a switch, as well as a connector for connecting the power supply. Cut the places for them and install. Sleep the wires to the right contacts.

At the end, you need to install another tube opposite the shaft. The author glues it with the help of hot glue on both sides so that everything keeps reliably.

Step Three. Final build self-made
Our Bormina is almost ready, it remains only to connect two nodes. Here we need a rubber tube, it is desirable that the rubber is not soft, it will be less friction of the cable. Before assembly, it is extremely recommended to smear the cable with thick lubricant, so the efficiency of the device will be higher, and the hose will be much slower.

We take the hose, cut off the desired piece and put on the cable. One side put on a handle, there is a fitting out of the tube for him. On the container, we also installed a fitting from the tube. At the end, you will remain secure the cable on the engine shaft. We apply hot glue to the tip of the cable and quickly insert into the tube installed on the shaft. Tip the tube clamp the pliers, so the connection will be at times stronger.

Step fourth. Testing!
A homemade can be tested, connect the power supply to 12V and try to turn on the machine. If everything works, try to install the first nozzle. The author acquired a set of small cutting discs and demonstrates how the machine without difficulty cuts sticks from ice cream and even the board. Such a nozzle creates a maximum load on the device, and it stands it.

For the production of drilling work on miniature blanks, engraving machines are usually used, the so-called "drees". The name comes on behalf of the most popular manufacturer. This is a comfortable hand tool, but its cost is usually high (this is especially true of high-quality brand products).

The most common area of \u200b\u200bapplication is amateur modeling and production of printed circuit boards. As a rule, an industrial sample for such works is excessive: some of its capabilities are not in demand. Therefore, homemade masters often create a tool with their own hands.

• Of course, electric motor. Nutrition is desirable not more than 12 volts: at a minimum, for security reasons.
• Power Supply, if possible with a voltage regulator (to change the number of rolver).
• Housing (In the most primitive designs, you can do without it).
• And the second most important detail (after the motor) - cartridge for drill.

Everything except the electric motor can be made independently. Although, the cost of the rest of the components is so scant that it can be limited to only the assembly of the power tool from the finished nodes.

Consider several tested options.

Full analogue of the factory "Dremel"

For the manufacture, you will need a 5V or 12V power motor, which can be removed from a broken children's toy, miniature fan, printer, tape recorder, or just buy on Aliexpress. If the drill is planned to be used not only to drill printed circuit boards, you can make a convenient body from a polypropylene tap pipe. We select diameter so that the motor tightly kept behind the walls. Ventilation, as a rule, runs along the shaft. You can use an empty tube from under construction sealant.

Face plugs are cut from any material: for example, PVC or acrylic. If the engine is quite powerful - the charger from the old mobile phone will not fit. We need a stock in at least 3a (for 5 volts). A good option is the old power supply from the computer (you can purchase a key on a radio station).

Tip: From a computer unit, you can make a universal source for a home workshop. Stable 5V power with load up to 20 amps, and 12V with a load of up to 8 amps. You can connect and "Dremel" and soldering iron.

The collet cartridge is purchased in the store: the department of components for engravers and "dremel". If there is a need to adjust the revolutions - you can make a scheme yourself, or purchase a finished block.

On the illustration of the Chinese regulator and power supply from the Internet router (12V, 1,2A).

With this homemade "dremel", you can not only drill miniature holes. By installing the appropriate nozzle, you will be able to work with a cutter, a shadold, or a cut off disk.

Toothbrush drill

At first glance, it sounds absurd. But it will be about electric brush, inside which is quite reliable motor. It is enough to get to the steel shaft, which dresses a gearbox with rotating bristles, and the workpiece in your hands.

All the same collet cartridge dresses on the shaft, and batteries are installed instead of the batteries. Or you can adapt the suitable power supply unit.

Will drill the walls with such a device, but the holes in the printed circuit board are easily. In principle, any compact electrical appliance can be used, which is conveniently located the engine shaft. For example, the old electric shaver.

Economical option without housing

Go to the creation of minimal costs. We do not buy anything except the actual motor (although it is possible to find it for free in the old technique). Most compact electric motors are designed for a constant voltage of 12 volts. Under it and create a power supply.

Since no additional options are (revolve regulator, voltage stabilizer), the power supply is stabilized by constant load. A typical 12 volt micromotor works with a current not exceeding 2 amps. A simple calculation shows that the output power must be 24 W. We add 25% for losses when straightening, we obtain a 30 W transformer.

To get 12 volts under load, you need to remove 16 volts from the secondary winding. It is possible to make such a transformer in an hour, from any unnecessary power supply. Next is the rectifier bridge on any diodes: for example, 1N1007.

Our motor has nothing to do with the pulsation of the straightened voltage, so the output is connected to a 25 volt electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of about 1000 microf. It will smooth out the output current. Despite the simplicity, such a tandem works stable, with a disadvantage only: with increasing load, the voltage drops. That is, with a uniform rotation - the power supply gives 12 volts. And if you drill a "heavy" material - you need to follow the turnover without letting them go down. Otherwise, the shaft will just stop.

You can slightly complicate the power supply scheme, adding a suitable voltage stabilizer. For example, kr142en8b or L7812CV.

In this case, the voltage drops during the load on the drill will not be.

• If you drill only texture of printed circuit boards - the drill change will not need. So fasten it stationary. The transition sleeve can be made from anything: tube from telescopic antenna, needle from a medical syringe, rod from gel fountain pen.

Given the miniature design, no clips are needed. Everyone can be fixed with glue or scotch.

• With universal use of a drill that implies a change of drill or installing other nozzles, it will be more correct to purchase a universal collet cartridge.

• You can use a standard cam cartridge by setting it on the shaft using a transition bush.

The execution of the case depends only on your imagination. Most masters leave a "naked" utilitarian design: the supply voltage is safe, the dimensions of the motor allow you to hold it in the hands without the case.

If you want elementary aesthetics - the options are set: and they are all conditionally free.

Homemade tool does not just save funds. It can be made exactly for your tasks, unlike universal factory options.