Building the design of the stairs in a private house is not only necessary, sometimes it is extremely necessary. Multi-level, double-storey houses, attic, attic and porch in most cases require special access.

You can make it only with the help of auxiliary staircase. Choosing the source material for the construction of wood, you will immediately kill two hares:

For most owners of cottages and their own sections, the price policy of the product will be decisive. It should be immediately noted that the tree is not the cheapest of the materials, it requires care that will constantly need cash inflows. A good solution will be the construction of the design yourself. Thus, you will significantly save funds on installation and design services.

Select design

After making a decision to independently, the production of stairs for personal use is worth choosing a design that will be optimal for your purposes. It is worth determining the type of structure: screw or march. For self-building, it is better to use marching structures, they are simple in installation and do not require special knowledge of the engineering house, but if you need to save place in the room, it will not work without screw stairs.

The marching staircase can be straight and swivel. Rotary or two-time designs will allow you to change the direction and save space a little, but you need to do the most accurately in order not to disturb the technology that will be described below. At the heart of the fastening of the steps one or several ways can lie. Usually, a valuation or space or metal is used.

Running steps are used in marching, rotary structures, for direct staircase, such a stage design will not need.

A spiral staircase is the reason for the experience only if you decide to make it yourself. The main difference of it from the march is that it is possible to create a unique structure, any height of 1.5-2 m 2 squares. The design is quite complex in execution and installation. General construction rules must be taken into account, which will be determining in convenience and safety.

Independent building

To start work, you will need some mandatory tools. It is impossible to say that heavenly means will turn out to cut any design, but if you dealt with wood processing, equipment will necessarily turn out to be in the box with tools. For self-building stairs from wood you will need:

• Boards and timber;
• Electrolovka or tree knife;
• Construction corner and roulette;
• Level;
• Chisel and hammer;
• Sandpaper and grinding machine of any type;
• Drill and perforator with nozzles;
• Anchor, mounting corners and other consumables.

Design and details

The appearance of even the same staircase design may differ. The mandatory presence of columns, balasine and railings can significantly transform your brainchild.

The use of opposites is not always appropriate, although they sufficiently fit the stairs into the overall interior of the building. Small carved parts can be both an additional security system and just a decorative element.

To pre-decide on the appearance and complexity of the design, it is necessary to draw the drawing from hand to the drawing, which will be important in further actions. In the drawings, it is necessary to draw all elements and details of the design. .

The height, the width of the stairs and the steps, the features of the mercy and the height of the step are taken into account.

Elementary calculations can be done using information from open access on the Internet.

Simple mathematical formulas will greatly facilitate the task in design. Designs with the same and clear drawings to perform and collect much easier.

Step-by-step action

It was time to consider step-by-step actions during installation, as promised earlier. Clear fulfillment of requirements, it is primarily the safety of a person when lifting and descent, so you can even miss the smallest details in no case . Consider step-by-step actions in the installation of the simplest design: direct march staircase.

Installation of the railing can be different. In some cases, the distance to the wall allows the installation directly to it or attach the design to the stairs itself. Such supports can also be independently made of wood or metal. It will be useful to buy ready-made railing with beautiful balasines and handrails. If the space and design of the ladder allows you to install two columns at the beginning and end of the march of the stairs, on which the handrail will be fixed, but in such cases the handrail will rarely be made by decorative functions.

If the scenery is no less important for you, take for the manufacture of beautiful carved bassine. You can come up with a design yourself or buy a finished product. Mounting them will be made on a horizontal or vertical plane. You can use both steps and balusters, but it must be considered in advance in order to not harm when installing the entire design.

If the staircase is not installed indoors, but on the street, you can independently build two concrete slabs to which the handrail will be attached. Options for mounting and the way there is a mass of them, so do not focus on one of the options, it is better to consider all possible options in advance and choose a suitable for the interior and exterior of the building.

Photo and video mounting screw stairs

For general education, before starting the plan, you may need a brief photo or video tutorial.

After receiving at least the basic concepts about how the workpiece is made and the connection of the material is much easier for you to draw a picture in my head, which is very important. A wizard who knows how the completed product looks like can cope with the work much better and faster than a person who has no idea about the upcoming lessons.

Especially important information for those who decided to build a screw staircase. There is little normal description for this, you need to consider options on a specific example, with a description of all preparatory and installation work. Video tutorials on a joinery case here will have a special impact on a person and, agree, it will be pleasant to make an eye on my own created design of the screw staircase, and where did you draw any interest to anyone.

Step-by-step instructions, how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands - video, how to build steps from the tree to the house, on the second floor, construction of a screw staircase - photo installation, how to make a railing, collect your staircase - design and details

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Very often, country houses are erected in two floors or even more. Yes, and in the country areas, where it is often an acute need to save the area for landings, a pool or resting place, two-storey buildings also cease to be rare. But any building above one floor already requires the installation of the ladder.

The wooden staircase can be made after selecting one of the existing structures, a thorough calculation of all parameters, and, of course, if the host has high stable work skills with carpentry and plumbing tools.

If this element is not installed in a summer cotton house, but in a large country mansion, you need to immediately choose and qualitatively mount a reliable and solid design. It should calmly withstand the rise of massive on a very overall furniture size. In addition, the staircase must be convenient for lifting and descent, especially if there are small children or people with disabilities in the house. Therefore, it is recommended to do if possible as possible as possible, of course, if the area is allowed, where it will be installed. In addition, for safety reasons, the staircase must be necessarily equipped with a fence.

To make the right choice, you need to repel not only from its design and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, where it is planned to be installed. It is necessary to understand in typical structures, in the names and destinations of all major parts and nodes.

Design elements of stairs

The staircase consists of one or more marches or spans. Marsh call the staircase department between two sites.

Any flight march (span) consists of a number of major elements, each of which has its name and functional purpose.

Miniature	Name of element	Functional purpose element
		This is a carrier beam with a swelken bought from above, on which steps and risers are fixed. This element must have a special strength, since heavy loads fall on it.
		Instead of a rower, a string is sometimes used, which also performs a carrier function. If the valuation is selected for fixing the steps, it is carefully placed in order for the steps to be installed perfectly horizontally. The stand under them is remote sleeves or transverse bars. Most often this support is used if one side of the staircase will be adjusted to the wall.
	Stage	Any staircase will not be able to do without steps that are fixed on one of the selected beams (Kosur or the Tutor).
	Radius steps	This type of stage has a non-smooth, but a curvilinear front edge. Details can be semi-circles, have rounded corners or be drinking "wave".
	Stage running	This type of stage has a non-standard form and is installed at the beginning of the staircase march.
	Treaty	This element is optional, but need to be taken into account that it gives the stairs to increased strength, as it is supporting the middle stage the part. They close the space under the step. The risers on the remote sleeve are fixed.
	Radiuskets	The radius type of the riser is installed under the step having a semicircular shape.
	Radius curved upcoming	The curved risers are installed under the platform between marches or under steps that have the appropriate form.
		Balaasins are retaining for handrails, which create a side fence for flying stairs. They can have different forms, depending on the style of the stairs.
	Support Poll	The support pillars are installed at the beginning and at the end of the stairs, as well as along the edges of the playgrounds between marchs. They are extreme supports for handrails and attach strength to the whole fence.
	Ball	Balls are installed on top of reference pillars. They are decorative elements. In addition, they close the sharp edges of the bar from which the pillar is made.
	Handrail	Without this element, during the construction of the stairs, it is impossible to do, especially if the design has several marches. Rapid supports are support poles and balusters. This item must have a perfectly smooth surface, so that, keeping for it, not to injure went to do not drink hand palm
	Remote sleeve, bar	Stand-bars are needed in the design of any staircase having two or more marches. If even for mounting, the boosters are used, supporting bushings are needed when installing platforms between marchs.

Prices for elements of stairs

Elements of stairs

The main types of stairs designs

Always the first thing that needs to be considered, choosing the design of the staircase is the size of the platform allotted for it. And the second criterion can be called the convenience of design, the comfort of lifting and descent on it, especially if the staircase is used in everyday life more than once, and constantly. The third, which should affect the choice is the aesthetic appearance of this element of the interior, as it should be perfectly fit into the style of the room.

Ladders made of wood are divided into two main groups - marching and. To figure out how they look and what imagine themselves, you need to look briefly each of the options.

Screw stairs

Screw stairs have a rather complicated design, but their main advantage is that they are at a minimum of a useful place in the room.

Screw stairs - a minimum of the place occupied, but not always easy to use

It must be said that they are not installed enough, compared with the march. It is simply explained - because they are much more complicated in the assembly, and they are not very comfortable to rise and go down and descend, and even more so - to raise large-scale furniture or household appliances.

At the same time, they have a mass of adherents - screw structures can be a real interior decoration, because they have very elegant compact forms.

For the reliable construction of the design of the screw staircase, it is necessary to produce many complex accurate calculations, otherwise it is possible to obtain serious injuries.

The article is more devoted to the Marseysha Staircases. And yet, for lovers of independent home creativity - detailed video instructions about the assembly of the screw staircase. By the way, the author shares his first experience in this area - there is an opportunity to subside with it.

Video: The first independent experience of manufacturing the screw staircase

Marsey stairs

The marching design is characterized by higher reliability than spiral. Although Any of the marching stairs occupies a much larger area, they build them much more often.

Such stairs may have several marches, however, in small private homes, one and two-time options are most often installed. These interior elements are also distinguished by a large variety of structures.

So that the staircase occupied the less useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room as much as possible, the rotary two-hours of designs often choose. Turns of stairs can be arranged at an angle ranging from 90 degrees and ending 180.

If the layout of the room allows (and sometimes even "requires") then the staircase can have a curvilinear design. When planning the location of the stairs, the main thing is to create comfortable conditions for entering her tenants at home.

Smooth turn in the design of the curved staircase is ensured by installing rotary steps.

Such steps are also sometimes installed in two-hours stairs instead of sites between them.

To represent how such stairs and their elements look like, you need to consider the most popular types in the interior.

Normal single-sighted staircase

Single-samp staircase is the easiest option, as it has a rather simple design. The staircase can be located at the wall or in the middle of the room.

As a rule, the area located staircase is also used functionally. For example, if the staircase is fixed on the wall, then closing the platform under it by partition and installing the door, it is quite possible to get a small business building for storing old things or tools.

It should be noted that such a type of staircase on the second floor is the most durable, as it has a reliable support in the form of walls.

Single-hour curvilinear design

This type of stairs is mainly used in premises with a large area, as it must even emphasize the spaciousness of the hall. For small country houses, this design will not suit, as it takes a lot of space, it is unlikely to fit into the interior.

The staircase is large due to smooth turn and expanded from the external side of the steps (it even "looks like" with this one on the screw), but it is these features that give it respectability, so this element of the interior will decorate the spacious Hall of a large mansion.

Single-sample curvilinear staircase in rectangular emmery

If the location of the ladder is taken into account when planning the building of the house, then for lifting to the second floor, the best option will be the single-sample curvilinear design, which fits well into the rectangular opening. It is compact and aesthetic, as well as quite comfortable for lifting and descent. In addition, a small storage room may also be arranged on its sides on the first floor.

Single-sieves with lower swivel steps

Single-hour staircase with rotary bottom steps is sometimes necessary in the room due to the features of the room layout, or to maintain the selected architectural style. For example, in the event that a window is located on the wall located to set the landing, which does not want to close the two-time design.

Due to the smooth rotation of the lower steps, and repeating this direction of fences and handrails, the staircase becomes a real decorative decoration of the interior created, at all without losing in functionality.

Two-storey simple design.

A staircase having two march with a turntable between them is convenient because it can be installed above the entrance door, thereby saving the place and limiting the hallway.

Compact two-hours staircase - convenient with a lack of space

In addition, it is compact enough, and the space below it can also be used to arrange a small chulane.

This design is quite reliable, simple and suitable for almost any interior, if you correctly pick up the color and shape of the balasine fence for it.

Mr. Two-Page Design

This staircase also has two march, but its location saves the place in the room, since the entire design is compactly located in a rectangular opening, along two perpendicular to each other walls. It can be used to install one of the furniture items or for the input door device.

The staircase is convenient to operate, compact, and perfectly fits into the interior design of the room.

P-shaped batch staircase with swivel steps and top pad.

This design is installed in luxurious country mansions having a very large area of \u200b\u200bthe hall. As can be seen from the massiveness of the structure, it is not suitable for country houses, and its device in them will look simply ridiculous.

It's rather from the interior of some palaces

Three-page staircase with two platforms

The three-page staircase is often installed in order to save space in the halls, but that its angle of lifting is convenient, a large ceiling height is necessary.

If there is no overlap between the floors, the area, the second floor will be absent.

This version of the staircase is also more suitable for mansion with spacious rooms.

Calculations of the stair construction

If the place to set the staircase is defined, then before you begin to make parts for the selected option, you must make accurate calculations, make the drawing and apply all the resulting parameters on it. If there is no confidence that everything will work out perfectly, then you can entrust this work to the construction and manufacture of wooden stairs working in specialists working in profile companies.

Height of stairs

To determine this value, you need to measure the distance between the floor levels of the first and second floors. Suppose the height of the ceiling on the first floor is 2700 mm, and the thickness of the overlap between the floors is 300 mm. So, the overall height of the stairs will be:

N \u003d. 2700 + 300 = 3000 mm.

The height of the riser

Specialists calculated the estimated standard height of the risk, which is based on the sizes of the man's step, most convenient from the point of view of anatomy. This height can vary between 150 and 200 mm. Optimal it is considered because if the stage is to be done below, then when the stairs lifted the staircase, it will be easy to stumble, and fall. At greater height, the riser on the stairs will be much more difficult to climb up and uncomfortable down.

The table shows these calculations - if desired, you can simply use them:

The height of the risk depending on the overall height of the stairs and the planned number of steps

Floor height in mm	Number of steps (pieces)
	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26
2100	191	175	162	150	140	131	124
2400		200	185	171	160	150	141	133	126	120
2700				193	180	169	159	150	142	135	129	123
3000					200	188	177	167	158	150	143	137	130	125	120
3300							194	183	174	165	157	150	144	138	132	127

If you can restore to install the stairs on the floor of the first floor at least 1.5 square meters. m, then suitable, which will not take much space (it has already been mentioned above).

With a clear disadvantage of the place - you have to build a screw or close to it by design

From the corner under which the staircase march is installed, the size of the opening in the ceiling will be dependent. For example, for an appropriate or folding staircase, we need a very small opening for the hatch. For the same, most comfortable slope, the opening will have to do quite large, since the distance at any point throughout the lift between the ceiling and the surface of the stairs should be at least 1.95 ÷ 2 meters.

It is necessary that a person having a high height of SV arranged on the flight marchs, without a risk to hit his head

To do this, with the layout of the location of the one-hour staircase, which will be installed in the wall, the following measurements are carried out:

• On the wall determines the angle under which the staircase will be installed.
• Having installed the bottom of the floor the point and the upper, at the ceiling, connect them with a solid line - the support elements for steps will be fixed on it.
• Further, the place is determined on the drawn line, where the distance between it and the ceiling will be the desired two meters.
• From this point exactly in terms of the level, the line is carried out to the junction between the wall and the ceiling - it will determine one of the boundaries of the opening of the opening in the ceiling.
• Then, exactly at the right angle to mark on the junction on the ceiling The line is drawn, the length of which will be even the width of the stairs. Similarly, the second side of the rectangle is open in the ceiling.
• On the floor, smoothly under the ceiling rectangle, you need to draw exactly the same, and then, using a plumb, to verify the correctness of their mutual location.
• Thus, the ceiling will be determined operathat will allow you to calmly climb the stairs, without any risk to get a random injury of the head.
• Next, it is necessary before installing the staircase cut out the intended opening in the ceiling overlap.

Length of Kourow

To calculate the length of the Kouryer, you need to use everything with a school bench familiar formula of the Pythagora theorem, precisely determining the relationship between the sides of the rectangular triangle:

L² \u003d.F² +.H²., that is L \u003d √ (F² +.H²)

L. - Defined Length of the Kourow;

F.- the length of the stairs in the plan (determined above);

N. - The height of the stairs (also found earlier)

Taking advantage of previously defined parameters and substituting them instead of designations in the formula, you can set the desired length.

L \u003d √ (4930² + 3000 ²) \u003d 5771

As a result, it turns out that the length of the Kouryer will be 5771 mm or 5.77 m.

Wooden stairs materials

After the calculations are fully carried out and the drawing of the future construction is drawn up, you can proceed to the purchase of materials.

For work you will need:

• Boards of different thickness and length:

- for the manufacture of cosomers or the tetiv - the width, about 250, 50 mm thick, and the required length is determined by the above formula;

- for steps - thickness, at least 20 ÷ 25 mm;

- For risers, we will need a material having a thickness of 30 ÷ 40 mm.

• Balaasins and handrails can be purchased in the finished form or. Make yourself. However, for this it will be necessary to have special equipment (latch, reysmusive, milling machine) and a ram 150 × 150 and 100 × 100 mm. It should be noted that the manufacture of these elements is a rather complicated occupation, and in the absence of experience for such a job it is better not to be taken, as you can only unsuccessfully translate material on the sawdust.
• In addition to sawn timber, it will take nails and self-tapping screws. It is possible that for the installation of certain elements you will need and reinforcing metallic corners.

Prices for various types of building boards

Building boards

Production of details and installation of the stairs

Using the prepared and carefully calculated drawing, according to the dimensions specified in it, it is alternately made and immediately installed elements of the staircase.

ATTIVE or KOOSERS

• On boards prepared for the manufacture of cosomov, the desired length is noted and overwhelmed.
• The next step is the markup of the "comb" on the calculated dimensions. For this purpose you will need a square and a long line. Remaining not touched stripe The boards - the one that is below the "comb", should never be less than half of the overall width of the board.

Marking of the Kooowa for drinking "Comb

Kosomers should be placed taking into account the angle under which the staircase will be mounted. Therefore, the basis for the first step and the lower cut is for installation on the floor, you need to be compared with the linen marked on the wall. It is important that they were placed in horizontal planes, without "duties" inside or out.

Then, focusing on these parameters, is placed and all the comb is cut down - for this, on the first step, you can make a template that will simplify work.

• The next step on the floor is fixed by a restricting stubborn timber along the line where the staircase will begin.

In order to install the boosters to the beam, you can use in two ways - making a guide in the form of grooves in the beam itself or vice versa - on the Koser.

• Further, Kosourg is installed on the support bar on the floor, tightly pressed and fixes to the side wall, as well as in the ceiling opening.
• Then to the bar on the floor and in the opening is exhibited in the width of the stairs and the second - suspension of Kosur is fixed.

It should be noted that sometimes not two, and three or even four couffers are required for stiffness, and three or even four couffers - their number will depend on the selected width of the stairs.

• In the ceiling opening, the boosters also necessarily need to be combined with reliable bar.

Bruks, which will rely on and leaving the basis of the stairs, should be "tight" are fixed to the floor and in the ceiling opening.

• It is very important to install all the kosoms perfectly in relation to each other, otherwise the steps may have an unwanted bias to the sides.

Installation of risers and steps (coming)

On the on thedenially installed booms primarily mounted risers. They are made by such a long, which should be equal to the width of the stairs.

After the risers are fixed, the installation of previously disconnected occupy (steps) is started. The length of the boards for them should be greater than the width of the distance between two extreme boosters by 10 ÷ 20 mm, and the width exceed the protrusion of the ridge at 20 ÷ 30 mm.

The adoptions are fixed to the boosters and risers with self-drawers, so that the heads of the fastening elements are completely deepened in the thickness of the wood.

Installation of support pillars and bassine

And pillars - not such an easy task, as it may seem initially. Its solution requires very accurate markup and fit.

• On the edge of the steps there is a place to which prepared balusters and support pillars will be installed.
• The hole in the steps for installing the sewage is located at a distance from the edge equal to half the width of the base of the baluster, so that its edge coincides with the side slice of the stage.

The next step on the stored steps drove holes. The seeds prepared in size are pasted into the arranged holes. The wanking should perform from the surface of the stage by 10 ÷ 15 mm.

• Then, very neat, exactly by the diameter of the dummy, (it, as a rule, is 8 or 10 mm) holes are drilled at the base of the balusne and pillars.
• Poles on the one-step staircase are installed at the beginning and in the end of the march. First, only the upper pillars are installed, the bottom will be mounted last.
• Next, you need to install one ÷ two bales on the wanks and extinct angle top surfaceBy attaching to them the handrail. Having determined the desired line, it should be noted and cut off the excess part from all prepared elements.
• Further, the base of the balossine and the hole under the sewage is labeled with glue, and then sat down on the protruding wanking.

Balyasits are exhibited vertically in terms of level and well pressed to steps, fixed, and then left until the glue is completely drying.

• Then, prepared railing. Their edges are cut under the desired angle - it is easy to hand out in place. The holes are also drilled on their cuts, with the help of which will be connected to the pale with support pillars.
• When the glue under the balusters is completely dry, the railing is mounted on top. The hole dried on the upper cut of the passing rail is put on the paste-glued to the upper pillar.

Then, the railing is stacked on balasins, lubricated on top of glue. Due to the siner, the balusters will be firmly fixed in the desired position from the bottom. But, nevertheless, the next step with the help of thin screws of the balusters is screwed to the railing below.

• The latter is set by the lower support pillar, which is connected to the lower cutting of the railing, also by attaching the sewage.

Upon completion of the installation work, and after the joinery dry, the staircase is covered with a special primer. After its complete absorption and drying, the tree is covered with a transparent varnish, preferably on a water basis, or the paint of the selected shade.

Video: Installation of a wooden two-hours staircase set

Make and mounted even the simplest staircase - it is quite difficult, especially if there is no proper experience in this work. With the slightest uncertainty in their own forces, it is recommended to seek help from specialists - at least in order to carry out both independent work, but under their emergency leadership. Errors here absolutely not allowed - Incorrectly calculated or negligently mounted design can lead to serious injury.

A modern private house is necessarily equipped with a staircase for moving on the upper floors or an attic room and the usual stepder here is hardly suitable. It is necessary to build something more reliable and durable. For example, a staircase from an array of some tree breed. Wooden staircase with her own hands will require special care at all stages of its manufacture.

Benefits

The tree is the most eco-friendly and the most easy processing material that does not require special skills during processing. It can be used both for intra-ordinary structures and for the porch of the house. The stairs on the metal frame are considered much more reliable, but now we are not talking about them.

Fully wooden structures that can be collected as a constructor, possess the following advantages:

• acceptable price;
• availability of material;
• easy processing.

The most common material is pine. This is an inexpensive soft grade of wood, well suited for newcomers. The disadvantage of pine is the softness of the texture, because of which during operation, the design may begin to darken, and the steps are shaking, if before starting construction or the porch from a similar material, not to carry out the necessary wood processing.

When building a more reliable, beautiful and durable staircase, it is better to use expensive varieties. Ladders from an array of beech, oak or larch have an inimitable structure and increased wear resistance due to the density of this material. The only drawback of these breeds is a high price.

Design

How to do wooden stairs For a porch or home from an array of oak, pine, ash and larch? Before studying the manufacturer's instructions, talk about frame and components, it is necessary to deal with what types of wooden structures can be collected with their own hands. Conditionally, you can highlight the marching and screw staircases.

Screw structures are used in rooms with limited space. These designs are not adapted to move the overall objects and can only be used for human movement. Such a staircase will never be completely wooden, since the support (rod, pipe) is made of metal.

Marsh stairs are the most simple performed. This kind of wooden structures on cosoms or asserts are mounted both indoors and outside (mainly for the porch, which, as a rule, is located on a metal frame). With internal installation, the main criterion is ergonomics. That is why it is not so important which staircase will be built in your room - a single room, a two-hours watch with a platform, or a design with overtook steps. It is worth noting that not much more complicated than direct.

The main thing is that she perfectly fit into the space alloted and harmonized the style with its engineering elements. The wooden staircase inside the house is primarily warm and comfort. This is not a simple staircase for the porch and not welded structures on a metal frame. To correctly pick up the look of the staircase, you need to measure the area on which the staircase will be located. Then make initial calculations and draw drawings. A detailed drawing will show the location of the design indoors and how much it will be ergonomic.

Elements

The manufacture of wooden stairs from the wood array will require some knowledge of the elements of the staircase structures. We'll understand in terminology.

1. The agent is a beam and an element of additional fasteners of steps, located from the end of the latter.
2. Kosomers are the most common way to manufacture wooden staircases. In carrying parallel running beams, a guide is made, which are stacked.
3. Shining is the surface of the stage.
4. The risers are the vertical part of the stage, mounted (if necessary) between the steps, closing the visible space.
5. Balaasins - element of the fence, gives the design additional rigidity and strength. Mixed to steps and railings.
6. Poles (or support rod) are installed mainly when installing screw structures as the main (central) carrier element.
7. The railings are the fencing design of the stairs, is attached from above the balusin or fastening spokes.
8. Decorative elements - decorative lining, plugs.

On governments or cosos?

Ladders for the house on the growths and cosomes are equally simple when independently manufactured. It should be understood by the difference between them. The testers are fastened from the end of the shock with the help of corners, grooves and joinery glue or with the help of bars. All this is fastened with self-draws or bolted compounds.

Kosomers are located under steps and are attached to special fastening fittings.

For the production of the guilts from an oak massif, ash, pines and larchs most often used. These breeds of trees are most common on our homeland's expanses. For the manufacture of bearing elements on woodworking enterprises, machines are used, dissolving logs on the unedged board of the required thickness (and the carrier parts are at least 50 mm), when trimming which the finished bar is formed (50x50, 50x100, etc.). If you decide to collect the design on the gatherings with your own hands, we recommend additionally familiar with.

Milling Structures

Manufacture of a Kowra

Payment

To make accurate calculations and make a drawing.

1. The angle of inclination of the stairs should not be above 45 degrees.
2. The shredding depth should not be less than 250mm.
3. The height of the riser is in the range of 160-200mm.
4. Minimum width of 1000mm opening.
5. The height of fences (railings) should not exceed 1000mm. For children, additional handrails are installed at an altitude of 600mm.
6. Vertical opening should not be below 2000mm.

Using these simple rules, you can build a correct and convenient staircase for home or for the porch.

Important!

It should be remembered that the upper step must be overlapped with a floor of the second floor, it also concerns concrete and wooden floors.

Marking and manufacture of elements

Consider detailed instructions on how to make a wooden staircase for home. After detailed calculations and analysis of the drawing, you can proceed to markup and the manufacture of structural elements.

1. We apply markup on the theettes or boosters. To do this, it is convenient to use a rectangular triangle or a special corner with marked cateches (the height of the riser and the width of the sticky).
2. Measure the length of the steps and risers, as well as the other elements that will be cut independently.
3. We cut all the elements of the staircase using electropolis.
4. Sand all the wooden blanks of the stairs.
5. In the absence of opening for a passage to the second floor, it is necessary to organize it by dismantling the part of the overlap.

Assembly and installation instructions

Assembling stairs for a house on wooden cososours or asserts begins with the installation of carrier elements. Rigid fixation in the upper and lower points is made using corners, threaded connections, or anchors (depending on the overlap and floor material). Before finalizing the supporting structures, it would be nice once again check the coincidence of the horizons. To do this, use the level laid on horizontal "seals" (the place of fastening the future sticking). If the Kosuri was cut in one lecture, then it is not particularly worried. So do not be lazy during the assembly process once again look into the drawing and keep the measuring instrument at hand.

Ladder from Brenen.

Quite often the question arises: "Is it possible to make a staircase from the log?". Sure you may. Only from one log to her will not work. Let's look at the options.

The logs are collapsed in half. From these billets will subsequently be made steps and carrier parts (you can say massive "theettes"). For convenience, we turn to the simplest project - a straight staircase. After processing the front side with the help of electruruck and emery circle, proceed to the markup of the inside. It will be fixed onto the steps and fasteners (steel corner the most suitable option for such a massive design, is attached to a threaded connection or anchor).

We establish our tents, consolidating them at the floor and on the floor. In accordance with the markup, self-stakes, krepim to the growths of the bars who will support our steps from the semi-harvest (choose the width themselves). Immediately before fixing, check the level of the horizon of each stage. Drills a hole through the taper in the end of the stage, not allowing its displacement. Layout the anchor and drag it until it stops. Each step accounts for four anchors. A small fasteners' secret - for greater reliability inside the drilled hole, the silicone sealant drip, and after already lay the anchor. Anchor bolt head can be hidden in tight.

To install such a staircase, you can use threaded connections with the organization of hidden "windows" in steps for tightening elements, but for this you need serious work skills with wood. This design of the log is much more reliable. The logs can also be made of steps for the porch staircase, which is also very interesting.

Some manage from one whole log to create something remotely resembling a staircase, putting it under the desired angle, and cutting it in it, like steps. It would be more correct to lay parallel to two logs as carrier cososov, make sections for steps and attach the last to the carrier parts. So it is possible to make a staircase from the log. It remains to add that such a design, if it is done correctly, will not be worse than concrete. As you can see, the marching structures are quite simple in the installation. If we talk about screw, then everything is somewhat more complicated here. However, you can install.

Ladder from logs do it yourself

Processing of finished product

All elements of the staircase are securely fixed and sandwicked. It remains only to treat the surface of the porch or staircase for home by special means of insect protection, from rotting and to give a beautiful appearance.
Outdoor stairs must harmoniously fit into the interior of the room. Therefore, for the processing of these structures, a varnish coating is applied. If necessary, the staircase can be toned into suitable shades with color varnish, the veil or chopping (this technique is now very popular).

The entire processing process can be divided into three main process:

• grinding;
• primer;
• protection of varnish.

Tip!

When choosing materials for processing, it is better to give preference to alkyd and urethane varnishes.

Treatment of the porch of the house from the tree is very well produced by a oliffa, applied in several layers. This will prevent the design from rotting, and will prolong its use.

Newbie without certain skills to work with a tool, build an independently staircase will not be easy. However, this is possible. The main thing is to correctly make calculation and accurately place design elements. Installation of exactly verified parts will not be great troubles.

Professional manufacture and installation of a wooden staircase

About that, with your own hands for the stairs and for the porch.

Modern country or country houses rarely build single-storey, mostly two-story, three-story or single-storey buildings with an attic floor of the structure. In this case, there is always a need to somehow make it possible to high-quality movement between floors. A successful solution will be the manufacture of wooden stairs, which could provide a comfortable approach and broach heavy furniture or technology. Let's say right away - it's not easy. And if you can order at least the project or even the finished elements of the stairs at the manufacturer, it is better to do so. Well, if you are confident in your abilities, you have carpentry skills and free times, you can try to make a staircase yourself. As part of this article, we briefly tell about which design there are stairs, how to calculate and how to make a staircase.

Design of wooden staircase

It is necessary to choose the design of the staircase at the rate of space, which can be used, convenience, configuration and lifting, as well as from aesthetic considerations.

Conditionally, all wooden stairs can be divided into screw and marches.

Screw stairs Used quite rarely. Basically under conditions of extremely limited space. The second reason may be the wish of the owner - from aesthetic considerations. It is worth noting that the screw staircases are low-functional. For example, making heavy furniture on it is extremely difficult. In other words, it can only serve for descent - lifting one person. For its manufacture, it will be necessary to perform complex calculations, as it will be relying on one post - support. The slightest error in strength calculations can lead to sad consequences.

Marsey stairs - the most common. They consist of them marches, they are also called "staircase span", i.e. directly steps and sites that shake marches. Marsh can be both one and several. And the sites may not be at all if the staircase is single.

Marsh stairs can have a different design, consider them in detail on the scheme below.

There are direct march stairs. At the same time, they can be single-hour and two-wing, separated for the convenience of moving the platform. Such stairs can be located at the wall or do not rely on the wall at all. A characteristic feature of direct stairs is that they occupy a lot of space.

Most often, two-page rotary stairs are made to save space and ease of use between floors inside the house. Rotate can be at a right angle (90 °) or at any other angle, up to 180 °.

The march can have a curvilinear design with a comfortable angle to enter the staircase. In this case, all steps can also be swivel.

Also, two-hours and three-time stairs may not have playgrounds, but only swivel steps.

To properly choose the design of the staircase for a particular situation, it is necessary to make measurements of the free space, which can be used under the stairs, make small calculations and draw the drawing. The drawing should be visible, as the staircase is located, whether its elements do not interfere and as far as it is comfortable.

Elements of wooden stairs

At the above photo, the elements from which the stairs consist are, and their names are indicated.

Kosourceit is a carrier beam that supports the steps and prevent from the bottom. All loads come to him.

ATTIV Also performs a supportive function. At the same time, there are grooves in which they are becoming a stage. This design is used on the one hand, if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, and on both sides - if the march is clamped between the two walls. The string is less preferable than Kosor for the reason that it is not capable of withstanding heavy loads. Therefore, even in case of adjusting the stairs to the wall, they still try to perform it on the cosos.

Steps For stairs - wooden beams, consist of a sticking (horizontal) and riser (vertical). We are on the surface of the sticky we are legs. And the risers is a vertical beam under the step, which protects the spacing space and performs a supporting function. You can perform ladders without a risk, in this case the space of the stage will be free, the foot will not rest, but the design will be less durable and reliable.

Steps can be rectangular, radius for a beautiful climbing on the staircase, swivel at a certain angle to replace the separation platform and run-fast - the first stage of non-standard form.

Perila For stairs - wooden bales and handrails. Their shape and size can be different. Basically, the railing is made to order, in the form that the customer wishes.

If the staircase is more than single, in its design enters support Pollor posts in places turning the stairs.

Before entering the manufacture of the stairs, it is necessary to make calculations and perform the drawing. On the stairs, wooden drawings are manufactured both independently and with the help of special architectural programs. In the latter, you can also perform calculations. A good solution will contact the company specializing in wooden stairs. So you can be confident in the quality and accuracy of calculations.

Calculation of a wooden staircase

The number of steps and the height of the riser

To determine the height of the staircase, you measure the distance from the base of the first floor of the first floor to the first floor of the second floor. If the pure floor is not yet equipped, then its dimensions must be embedded at the calculation of the "eye". Because the wooden staircase is only on the finishing floor. In this case, we will take that the height from the floor to the ceiling is 250 cm, the thickness of the inter-storey overlap along with the floor is 35 cm. Total 285 cm.

We make a calculation, pushing out the height of the riser. The fact is that most often this size is standard and is in the range from 15.2 to 19.7 cm. It is believed that this height is the most optimal for ease of use. Little - will shoot down a step. Big - too heavy for lifting and difficult to descend. From this interval we take the average value (you can take any) - 17 cm.

Number of steps \u003d the height of the stairs / the height of the riser;

Since the number of steps can not be uneven, rounded in the biggest - 17 pieces.

At the same time, we have two ways. We can make the first running step to make a little, and the rest with a riser at 17 cm. And we can recalculate and get a more accurate, but uneven result.

For this, the height of the stairs is divided into the number of steps: 285/17 \u003d 16.76 cm.

So we can perform 17 identical steps with the riser of 16.7 cm.

It is believed that the minimum for convenience of the width of the sticking should be 22 cm, and the maximum 37 - 40 cm. If less - it will be difficult to descend, if more - a step will be shot down.

For a more accurate calculation there is a dependence:

1. 2a + b \u003d 64 cm;
2. a + b \u003d 47 cm;

a - the height of the riser;

b - width of the sticking.

Let's try on the second formula: 47 cm - 16.7 cm \u003d 30.3 cm. Such width is quite acceptable, we can round it up to 30 cm.

For the sake of interest, we calculate according to the second formula: 2a + 16.7 \u003d 64; a \u003d 23.65 cm. Such width is too small, so we use the data obtained from the previous formula.

Width Marsh Wood Staircase

In principle, the march width is not rigidly regulated, but the number of marches will depend on the place that can be used for the stairs.

It is believed that the minimum convenient march width is 80 cm. If the staircase is already, there will be difficulties with the passage of full people or with a fraction of furniture. The options from 100 to 140 cm will be successful.

In order for the entire design of the stairs to look organically, you can use this tip: the march width must be a multiple width of the sticky. In our case, it is 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm and 160 cm.

Length of stairs

For calculations of the length of the stairs, we will need only two meanings that we have already calculated, this is the width of the sticking and the number of steps.

Staircase length \u003d width sticking * number of steps (without the last - it will be the floor of the second floor);

30 * 16 \u003d 480 cm.

4 meters and 80 cm - Pretty big length, which "bissing" a lot of space.

Therefore, if there is no possibility to equip such a staircase in one march and directly, you will have to change the design and make it two-hours with a rotation of 180 °. In this case, you can make a dividing platform, and you can make swivel steps. Such calculations are most conveniently produced in special programs, it will also be clearly visible to the location of the elements of the stairs.

The height of the lumen over the steps

An important parameter. The beginning of the march of the staircase is almost always under the ceiling, thus reducing the free space above the head of the stairs.

Even at the stage of creating the drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height from the highest stage under the ceiling, to the ceiling. The minimum allowable value capable of providing a convenient approach to the staircase even the highest people is 195 - 200 cm.

Length of Kourow

Calculated on the Pythagora theorem.

Length of the stairs2 + the height of the stairs2 \u003d the length of the Kourow2;

4802 + 2852 \u003d Course Length2;

230400 + 81225 \u003d Course Length2;

Length of Kourow \u003d. 558,23 See with a reserve of 560 or 580 cm.

How to make a wooden staircase

The easiest solution will be ordered in the company project and finished elements of the stairs, with all the necessary cutouts. All items will be numbered. After the stairs are disassembled to the construction, the wooden stairs are assembled using the attached drawing and the diagram. So you do not have to buy a special tool for trimming and dusting in the house.

We buy material for the wooden stairs

If you decide to perform an independent installation of wooden stairs, start with the purchase of building materials.

For the taper or cosomes, a timber is needed 50 * 250 mm. The minimum width of it can be 150 mm if the design of the stairs allows.

For concerns, get the beam with a thickness of at least 25 mm, you can also take thicker.

For commenced beams, it is better to take from 30 to 40 mm. And can be the same as for concerns.

Handrails and balusters order from the manufacturer or buy ready-made, so to make them yourself and beautiful, you need to have considerable experience, knowledge and skills.

Install the Kosouras or the Tutor

The beam, which is bought for the kosomrov, cut up from above and below so that the necessary length of the staircase is obtained. Then cut off the thickness of one sticky, i.e. 5 cm.

Important! The fact is that when we made the calculation of the number of coming, we did not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is really not important for the whole design, except for the first stage - its height does not increase on the thickness of the sticky.

We scream superfluous. It is better to use an electrobrice or saw. But for lack of hand, you can use a hand saw.

Then put Kosur to the place where the staircase will be. His upper edge should be restarted, and the bottom tightly rests on the floor of the first floor. Check the horizontal of marbles for steps.

Important! We need two such cosomers, but depending on the loads that the staircase should be withstanding the staircase, can be more. In this case, we drink all the others using the first as a pattern.

Carefully stabbing all the surfaces. If there is a need for freserving the outer edges, making roundings (for beauty).

Below and at the top of the boom, it is necessary to combine the beam among themselves. To do this, drink them to a quarter from below and on top. Fix to a thick beam anchor bolts. If it is possible to fix the cosos to the walls, then also use anchor.

If we use one tutor, it must be cut to the desired length. Then cut inside with a cutter cutter - recesses for steps. To the wall of the string is fixed by anchors.

Important! We check the correct location of the theater and the Kouryer on the other hand, they must be placed on the same level so that the steps did not have a slope.

Install the steps and risers

After the cosos are tightly fixed, we begin to put the opponse.

To do this, we cut the beam on the required number of risers of a certain length. Less them relative to each other and sand.

Fix against the Kosher with self-proofs from the front side. Then we covered them or hide under decorative elements. You can also use special glue.

When all the precepts are installed, proceed to the steps - expare.

To do this, we also cut the beam on the number of stages minus one. Then they whirl their surface and the cutting angle protruding the outer edge.

Then we put them on top of the risers and fasten with self-draws or screws.

Important! If we use the theater on the one hand, then insert the stage into the groove, carved in the theeture, pre-slipping the edge of the stage and the hole in the tutor.

We establish balusters on the steps and fasten with studs of 100 mm long and 8 mm thick.

We are installed on top and fix the railing screws.

On this work completed, only painting of a wooden staircase remained. For better wood safety, while retaining its natural beauty, you can use special transparent lacquer coatings.

In this article we looked at the manufacture of a wooden staircase with their own hands. If the project involves the ladder of another design, then the installation will be different. For example, for a two-hours staircase, the first thing is established and fixed the platform and the reference column, and then the boosters, preceptive and steps are already installed. Some steps in this case may not be straight, but swivel and rounded.

The question of how to make a staircase in the house, necessarily occurs if there is a second floor or attic. There are several ways to manufacture stairs with their own hands, and which design to choose depends on the availability of areas and the preferences of the host. It is important to correctly calculate the design and construct it with maximum reliability. The question of how to make a staircase is directly related to the security problem.

Design features

Make a staircase in the house will have to be necessary if there is a need for constant movement to the second floor or residential attic. This element of the housekeeping is presented, first of all, a reliability requirement. The staircase must withstand a few people on it simultaneously and provide the possibility of lifting cargo on it, for example, furniture. The most important requirements flow out of safety standards: the presence of fender railings and the absence of dangerous increases of lifting.

In addition, it is impossible not to take into account the requirements for comfort: the width of the ladder itself, as well as the height and width of the steps. The design should have an attractive look and fit into the overall interior of the house.

Most often, the internal staircases of the private house are made of wood, sometimes with reinforcing metal elements. Any staircase consists of such main parts: carrying construction with supports, steps, railings, and if necessary, a rotary ground.

When designing a staircase, in addition to these requirements, a number of real parameters of the house are taken into account. First, the construction should not interfere with moving on the first floor. Therefore, before we make a staircase, you must carefully measure the area on which you can place it. Secondly, the choice of design depends on the height of the room, which is accounted for when calculating the steepness.

Constructive features

In private construction, they find the use of 2 basic design of the staircase systems: a marching and screw. The marching structure provides for the presence of spans. It can be straight (single-break) or rotary (2 or more spans with a turntable). It is possible to make such a staircase by building a massive frame or in the form of a string version, with the help of cosomers.

The spiral staircase is performed in the form of a continuous spiral. It is much more complicated to make it much more difficult, but it takes less.

In addition, the screw version has another drawback - inconvenience with frequent use.

Main staircases

The parameters of the staircase are selected taking into account safety and ease of use. It is believed that the angle of inclination of the span should not exceed 37-38 º. With a two-flying version, the distance between the spans should be at least 10-12 cm. The passage of the passage is selected about 1.85-2 m. Optimal dimensions of the steps: height -15-18 cm, width - 24-33 cm (foot feet must reliably rely on Step). The width of the staircase is selected, based on the availability of the area, but the most common is considered 1-1.2 m. Less than 80 cm is not recommended width.

Increased requirements are put forward to the design of the railing. The simplest and optimal option is the location of the span along the wall. In this case, it will take the construction of the railing only on the one hand. The distance between the balasines should be less than the size of the baby's head. The height should be at least 80-90 cm.

Required tool

When building a wooden staircase in a private house with their own hands, the following tool will be required:

• bulgarian;
• plane;
• screwdriver;
• electric drill;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• a hammer;
• screwdriver;
• grinder machine;
• roulette;
• plumb;
• construction level;
• metal line.

Production of stairs

The easiest option is a single-span staircase. Stage fastening is carried out in two ways: on Kosur or a tutor. Kosur is a beam of a width of about 25-30 cm and a thickness of 6-8 cm. Such a beam should not have flaws, so it most often is made up of two boards. In such a beam, cuts for fastening steps (in the form of teeth) are made. A guide is called a board with the same parameters in which the stage of insertion of the board boards is made. The most common design is a rower-based staircase.

Kosomers are installed at an angle of 35-37 º to the floor, which forces it to provide the total length of the span of about 5 m (with an height of the room 2.5-2.7 m). At the bottom of the bottom, this element is fixed on the support beam (timber), and at the top it is cut in the cowrome in the ceiling beam. The mount is made using anchor bolts.

The step is performed from two parts - the horizontal platform (approaches) and the vertical board (riser). The approaches are made of a bottle with a thickness of at least 35 mm and a width equal to the width of the step. For an approach, you can use a 2-2.5 cm thick board and a width of about 16-20 cm. The boards for the step is carefully processed and grouped. The approxes of the horizontal edge of the cutout of the Kowra, and the rider - to the vertical one. The mount is made with screws with dusting with joinery glue.

Video about the procedure for mounting a typical staircase on the second floor.

The railing is made of vertical columns (BALASIN) and handrail. Balasins can be performed from a bar with a cross section of at least 4x4 cm. You can use ready-made decorative parts. Their mount is made to the steps with screws. From above, these columns are bonded by handrail.

If there is a need for the manufacture of a two-ranking staircase, then the swivel platform is built in the form of a wooden flooring on vertical supports. For support, a timber is used by a cross section of at least 8x8 cm. Next, the boosters with the insertion in this site are installed.

Video about the manufacture of the stairs with their own hands without attracting third-party specialists.

If there is a second floor or residential attic it is impossible to do without the inner staircase. Such a structure is made of wood, taking into account the free area. In the manufacture, it is necessary to take into account all security requirements.