When mounting the cable, various fasteners are used. It all depends on the specific conditions, financial capabilities and tastes of the owners of the premises. When performing these works, everything should be securely fixed, the insulation is not violated, and the appearance matched the environment and was favorable.

Types of fixing cable and wires to the wall

Materials from which walls and ceilings are made may have different density and structure. The cable, depending on the task, is completely or partially, you can "hide" in the strokes (groove recesses), plastic pipes, corrugations or special trays. And if there is no big necessity in this, it should be consolidated more accurately.

All this can be performed using a wide variety of devices. We will try to consider the most common types of fastening in more detail.

General rules when installing cable

When laying a cable on walls or ceiling, it is recommended to be guided by the following rules:

• When using screws, dowels and self-tapping screws try to twist them until you stop. Otherwise, the sticking hat can damage isolation.
• The maximum distance between the points of attachment should not exceed 50 cm, and the folds of the fold (turns) it can be reduced to 5 - 10 cm.
• Laying is carried out without humps, evenly and preferably in a straight line (horizontally or vertically).
• If the stock is envisaged, it should be done less noticeable.
• With a hidden laying of cables in the stroke, they are placed so that they do not interfere with the further decoration of the walls.
• If you have suspended or stretch ceilings, there is no need to do shorts under them.
• The main tool that should be used when installing is a drill, a perforator, a screwdriver, screwdriver and a hammer.

Methods of fastening to walls from various materials

Depending on the surface of the surface, the method of fastening is selected.

• Soft and thin . These include walls of foam concrete, aerated concrete, fiberboard, plastic, drywall, etc. Simple fasteners will not hold here. More reliable and stable will be special devices that have the end or middle part are extended. It may be dowels-butterflies, umbrellas or dowels with a drill.
• Dense . These are wooden, gypsum, plastered surfaces, OSP and chipboard. In this case, conventional self-tapping screws or simple nails are used. If the screws are screwed with a large force, you can pre-drill holes with a smaller diameter.
• Solid . Walls made of brick and concrete are the most common materials of this category. Here, even in the pre-drilled holes, it is easy to screw the screws to screw it problematic. It is in this case that a dowel should be used. Most often, they consist of a plastic cap and screw. The walls are drilled in the wall. For walls made of concrete and brick, the diameter of the drill must coincide with the dowel diameter (6 mm drill is a dowel 6 mm). For less dense surfaces, the drill must be thinner by 1 mm (the drill is 5 mm - a dowel 6 mm). Caps are inserted into the holes, the end of which should not perform from the surface. Then to them, with screws, attach fasteners (clamp, plates or other).

Cable Channels of various sizes

Cable Channel is a very common way to fasten the wires and cable in the open way. According to many electricians is the most convenient way of fastening. The channel cable is performed from galvanized steel that does not support the combustion of plastic, aluminum and are the simplest P - shaped design. In this technical box, the wires are stacked and closed with a one-sided or two-sided lid. The materials of manufacture, color execution, size, execution (which lid), waterproof, as well as by execution are distinguished:

• outdoor;
• trunk;
• plinth;
• parapete.

Types Cable Channels

When installing the channel cable, first placed on the wall, then fasten with the help of self-tapping screws, dowel of nails or "liquid nails". The video shows how to correctly carry out the installation of PVC box.

Fastening with clip

These fasteners are pretty in demand when the cable laying. Clips after installation look quite carefully. They can be of various sizes, shapes and be metallic or plastic,

The simple version has the form of a handling, on both sides of which there are holes under a dowel or self-tapping screw. A good and simple design, but there is a small minus - it is necessary to drill two holes for installation. This somewhat increases the installation time.

Metallic clips

Made from the metal strip. For installation, the cable is first "wrapping" by it, combine the holes and fix on the surface. You can use on the wall and on the ceiling. For the latter, it is uncomfortable only to drilling a lot of holes.

Used mainly for mounting cables in corrugations for hidden and outdoor gasket. For different diameters of pipes, there are appropriate clips dimensions. They are mounted on concrete walls using a dowel, and on wooden surfaces - with the help of conventional screws.

Installation can be performed for both a single cable and combine several pieces for fastening the wiring beam. Clip design allows you to collect them in a single block. Each sideways have locks (special grooves), with their help produce a reliable clip of the clips with each other. The wiring with the help of these elements is accurate and smooth.

Self-adhesive clip

Used for fastening the cable or wires of various shapes, can be made in plastic or metal form. The surface where it will be attached, should be cleaned from any dust and dirt. Clips on the back there is a one-sided sticky tape. Such fasteners are used to attach a cable to plastic panels or furniture. There is no need to drill holes in expensive or fragile materials.

Clips with nail

Made in the form of a plastic bracket, the side of which has a nail hole. In the form can be the most different. Use for open installation on wooden and similar on the density walls. In the photo above.

Such a fastening is very fast and convenient. They are often used when we need to arouse telephone, television and other small sections cables on the plinth.

Metal bracket

Used for mounting cable in metal sleeves. Have one or two ears, in which there is a mounting hole. Dimensions can be different. They are selected focusing on the diameter of the metal sleeve. Staples are well suited to hold massive cables. They are easily installed and removed. In the photo above.

Dowel

The use of dowels is justified by the simplicity of installation, universality of use and low cost. They can be carried out, both hidden and open installation on the walls and ceilings from solid materials.

Dowel-tie

Made from non-combustible plastic. It is a convenient fastening element. Use for operational installation of open or hidden gasket.

Screed may have a detachable or perpetrated lock. The first option allows, if there is such a need to change the number of lived. Installation is the same as in ordinary dowels.

Shrews with platform

It is a dowel with a thread and a platform (square or rectangular) to which the screed is attached. These fasteners (SSP) are convenient for quick installation. Made from non-combustible plastic.

SSP - screed with mounting platform under a dowel

Initially, the dowel is installed, on which the pad with a screed is screwed. After that, the wires are fixed. Installation is suitable for wooden, brick and concrete walls and ceiling. With the help of such platforms, you can fix several cables at once.

Dowel-Homut.

Apply for operational attachment of one cable. The clamp is very easy to install. Perforator (if the wall is concrete) breathed a hole of the required length and diameter. After that, the clamp is neatly open, the cable is placed in it and shine sharp ending into the hole. Clamp will not fall out of it due to bilateral notches on his sidewalls.

The shape of the clamp should correspond to the shape of the cross section of the cable. It is mainly or round or rectangular. These installation elements have a small cost and reliable in the mount.

Dowel bases

The base of the dowel (database) type under tie, made of plastic. "Two in one" - as it were, the self-sufficiency and dowel. The head has a hole in which the screed for tightening the cable is encountered.

Installation is very simple. A bandage is clogged into the prepared hole. The screed is installed and the wiring is laid in it. Then tighten.

Construction mixture

It is used for hidden gasket cable in wall and ceiling strokers. For this, a gypsum solution is often used. This installation is a special name - "Srimorozka". There is nothing complex in this method. Make an alabaster cable and the cable sticks out in the stroke in places evenly removed from each other. It should be done quickly, since - the gypsum is grasped fast enough.

Gypsum solution for mounting wiring

Such "Fraction" is well suited for mounting in a single cable stick. But this method is also used as an additional fastening of several cables, for the suspension already installed brackets, dowels-clamps, etc. After all, the stroke channels are filled with plastering solution.

If the volume of the gasket is large, frequent preparation of the solution and fixing the cable significantly reduces the mounting speed. But in many cases it is quite justified.

Insulators

In most cases, the fastening of the wire on the insulators is used as retro or decorative. This method of open gasket is used to mount the wiring both in the house and in the bath.

Retro wiring, fastening on insulators

Barrel is attached to a screw or nail to the wall and the twisted pre-wire is fixed on it. You can twist it yourself or buy already twisted.

Homemade fasteners

It often happens that there are no suitable brackets, platforms or clamps for fixing the cable. All these elements can be made and yourself. Of course, in its design, they will most likely give way to the factory elements, but in some cases it is not so important. And if the hands grow from there, from where it is necessary, then fasteners can be quite a worthy substitute for branded fasteners.

Homemade fasteners for wires

For the manufacture of installation elements, you can use a wide variety of materials. It can be single-core or two-housing wires, plastic, galvanized tin and much more. Here are some of the empty options.

• Cut the foxes of the wire, the length is selected depending on the stripping wire. In the middle of everyone, we have told the self-tapping screw.
• The same, but single-core pieces wrap around a dowel or self-pressing cap.
• Cut the tin strips. In the middle we pierce a nail or self-tapping screw.

Pros of such homemade fasteners are as follows:

• simplicity in manufacturing and installation;
• there is no need to search for fasteners and its purchases in stores;
• the ability to use (install and replace) homemade many times;
• you can edit, both one and several wires at the same time.

During the construction of the house, the installation of wiring is carried out in a hidden way, under the plaster. The complete replacement of the electrical layout is usually produced during overhaul. In this case, the walls are made in the wall, in which the wire is stacked.

But how to be when there is no possibility or desire to engage in dusty walls? Or you need to connect a newly installed powerful electrical appliance, such as a water heater? In this case, many choose an open method of laying wiring, and the mounting to the wall is carried out using a channel cable.

Types of cable channels

To classify the channel cable uses several criteria:

1. The size. There are small products for laying one wire of a small cross section or big-sized cortic, calculated to fix on the wall to eight conductors of various sections;
2. Production material. Release aluminum, steel and plastic structures. For installation indoors, plastic models are more in demand, and the fastening of steel and aluminum boxes is more often used when laying wiring through the facade of the house;
3. Location. Channel cable mount can be made in several places. The design of the product is maximally adapted depending on the installation site. There are plinth, parapent, trunk and outdoor models.

Note! By color decoration, the channel cable most often has a neutral white color suitable for any finish. Also popular models imitating a wooden structure are also popular.

Montaja technology

To facilitate the profile connection, use additional elements offered by the manufacturer: T-shaped and angular structures, connectors for strips, various taps and other accessories.

To mount sockets and switches, it is best to use overhead variants of these products or use models of boxes with embedded structures.

The increase in the number of devices for which it is necessary to set the connection point inside the industrial or residential building, led to the development of a plurality of ways to fix the cable to the wall as at the construction stage and long and long and firmly caught room. In various situations, you have to choose how to fix the wires on the wall so that they do not spoil the interior to their species corresponded to the rules of electrical safety, were protected from external environmental impacts and random damage. A significant aspect is the rational consumption of material and savings.

Types of wiring

The need to attach the wire to the wall is first considered in terms of the period of intended exploitation. Power cables, departing from distribution boxes of wires, are intended for long-term use. Communication lines and television connections refer to the type of temporary capable of changing their position if necessary.

Based on this, the 2 types of electrical communications laying are distinguished:

• open wiring when the fasteners are made to the outer surface of the structures and the entire network is available for inspection and partial repair;
• hidden wiring is laid in the wall materials (closed) and is available for operations in connecting places to it (sockets, connectors) or intermediate switches (boxes, shields).

If the hidden laying of the wire is made in corrugated or smooth pipes, then the subsequent fast on these areas is possible.

An example of the installation in smooth PVC tubes is given on the photo series:

In the technical premises, such a layout can remain not closed layer of plaster, in residential apartments it is under the layer of finishes.

Zbby plants are made even special types of panels with arranged inside the stove and design points of the connection boxes.

Effect of material material

Another factor affecting the choice of methods for fastening the cable to the wall will be its design and manufacturing materials.

Bearing and interior walls of the building are asked in such versions:

• reinforced concrete panels;
• brickwork (solid, empty, multilayer, combined);
• wooden (log / timber);
• bulk monolithic concrete;
• sip panels;
• frame-shield design.

In each case, it is necessary to solve the question of which applying fasteners for the selected type of wiring.

Brickwork

A diagram and method, how to fix the cable on a brick wall, choose, based on existing tools and materials. The masonry, as a rule, do not leave without protective coating with plaster, so the wiring will be closed.

With a large amount of work, a perforator and bulgaria will be needed for alignment. Short plots can be passed into a chisel and manually hammer.

An example of a wiring laying on a brick wall is visible in the photo:

It is reliably fixing the fit of the wires to the wall can be simple ways that do not require expenses for special fasteners: quick-drying solution (alabaster, plaster, glue), wire to driven nails / screws, strips of tin + nails. The main condition is a reliable fastening without the possibility of displacement or provisions.

After the end of the cable laying, the channels will be. So that they do not affect the monolithic structure of the applied solution, the recesses are covered by the reinforcing grid.

Monolithic solid surfaces

To the concrete wall of the wires are attached by dowels using a mounting gun or manual drilling of holes for the installation of a plastic sleeve, to which the screw screws the locking bracket or the clamp.

The option, what plastic fasteners looks like, is presented in the photo:

As a fastener, depending on the diameter of the cable (beam of wires), the brackets, perforated metal ribbon of industrial production and self-making, are still used.

The use of an assembly pistol on various types of cable and corrugations on concrete is demonstrated on video:

Laying in trumpet

The monolithic concrete surfaces are not, the fastening of the wires are performed on the trays, in the pipes or with the help of corrugations. The wiring can remain open, mounted inside the wall in its construction or be hidden under the finish finish. Sometimes, simplifying work, the channels cut through the plates of a non-removable formwork, but such a solution leads to a violation of the uniformity of thermal insulation protection of the house in places of removal of the material of polystyrene foam plates.

The passing Ø of various standardized products allows you to select the material in which you can pave the appropriate amount of the emergence. The characteristics of corrugated PVC pipes for laying power networks are presented in Table:

Before installing the corrugation according to the design scheme in the bulk wall, it is necessary to turn a soft wire into it so that it can be easily able to start the wires. If you need to lay several cables in different directions in intermediate fittings (tees, coolers, crosses), then you need the desired amount of wires in directions, and the corresponding ends are marked in different colors (paint, colored tape).

If such a preparation for stretching up the soft conductors is not done in advance, you will have to use a cable (approximately Ø 3 mm), which confidently passes into the pipe at a distance of 3 - 4 m. The cable end must be closed with soldering or rounded nozzle so that it does not flush in a narrow corrugation , not stuck, did not damage it when serving forward with scrolling.

In conditions that do not require a strict aesthetic approach, in the technical premises for reliable protection of the outer wiring, the more rigid metalworking is used, connecting the junction boxes (also metallic). The principle of fastening it to the wall does not differ from the plastic corrugation and is shown in the diagram:

In all cases (pipe, corrugation, metalworking) it is important to fix the cable output in the attached box connectors at an angle of 90 °, so the first fastening is not more than 10 cm.

Walls of different density

Depending on the brand of the wire and the material in which it will be installed, the mounting for wires on the inner wall may have a different design.

In a sufficiently strong plaster, when there is no need to mount the corrugation, you can drill holes and score a staple - a dowel with a wire previously attached to them. A sample of such a fastener is visible in the photo:

On the surfaces made of wood, pressed from sawdust plates, set various types of brackets and clamps (as on concrete monoliths), which screwed screws and nails. Installation is carried out manually quickly, and the building gun replaces an electric screwdriver.

Thin wires for the Internet and phone can be fixed on driv. This is a special screw, which is partially screwed into the wall, and the protruding part is screwed down a slim conductor.

For soft bases such as GLC sheets, plastic brackets and clips are used, which are simply nailed with small nails. The fastest in this case will be the use of special U - shaped brackets and construction stapler. Such brackets are designed to quickly install the wires and have plastic limiters in order not to transmit the current-carrying core.

Hide wiring in the apartment with plastic plinths that have internal cavities closed with a decorative lid. It remains to mount the plinth and make the way out of outlets.

In demand for fastening cables, combining the ease of laying open wiring and not a closure for closed-type ferris, are plastic cable channels. A bundle of wires in a box, covered with a lid, is always available for inspection and switching changes. The channel is attached to the walls of screws, the veins inside it - plastic tie.

The boxes and junction boxes are available to different sizes, you can always choose a suitable brand for a specific network scheme. In appearance, such boxes on the walls of the office or house have become already familiar and do not cause discomfort in the perception of the situation.

A modern residential building is saturated with a large number of electrical equipment, the operation of which requires connection to the network with a voltage of 220 or 380 V, i.e. The presence of a large number of electrical wires. At the same time, the volume of applications in the residential sector of computer equipment of various purposes is growing rapidly. All this leads to the need for laying and fixing numerous wires.

The wires of power and information wiring are designed for inpatient operation. This means that after completion of the gasket, you should ensure their reliable fixation. Further in the article, we will look at the popular options for fastening wires and cables to the wall and the ceiling depending on the type of gasket.

Open gasket

An open gasket of reasons is characterized by simplicate and high implementation speed. Its disadvantage as a way of fastening the wiring is the deterioration of the aesthetics of the premises. Therefore, the open-air cable laying appeals:

• in the auxiliary premises of the type of garages, basements, cellars;
• in cases where there are no cable channels in the premises;
• when making residential premises in a fairly popular.

Regardless of the scope of open fastening, the project author can apply a number of funds.

For wiring beams, which are also called (decorative) cable boxes, are formed by extrusion from fireproof polymer. As a means of forming cable runs are very common when installing electrical wiring offices. In urban apartments, it is not often found, but when laying wiring at dachas are very popular due to the simplicity of installation.

They are closed products with a base and a removable or folding lid to provide aesthetics and fastening the harness. The removable lid is attached to the base side latches as it demonstrates rice. 1. Channels may have a rectangular or triangular section. Rectangular channels are installed horizontally at an altitude of about 80 cm around the perimeter of the room, with their help often perform descents to the switches.

Fig. 1. Examples of single-section cable channels of various cross-section

Triangular hollow plastic plinths are convenient to ensure the mounting of the edges of the carpet.

There are also segment-type channels that withstand high comprehensive force and are designed for unprotected floor mounting.

Inside the channel of any type, removable or integral partitions can be provided, which form individual sections for wiring harnesses and allow the fire safety standards.

Channels are equipped with a number of accessories:

• various angles (flat, internal, external);
• terminal plugs;
• transitions;
• butt linings;
• bases to install sockets, switches, sensors.

An example of a channel with accessories shows Fig. 2.

Figure 2. Decorative Cable Channel with Accessories

Due to the fact that decorative boxes combine the best properties of an open and closed gasket, they are unique with a set of such benefits as:

• good aesthetic parameters;
• ease of installation and subsequent laying of wires, installation of switches, sockets, regulators;
• reliability of fixation;
• a high level of wire protection from external influences throughout the service life.

The main means of attaching the cable channel is a screw, screwed into a pre-installed plastic tube. The distance between the attachment points is approximately 50 cm.

Plastic and metal brackets

Plastic and metal brackets are the most common wire holders with open gasket. They are a small item with a recess for round cables and a hole for the fastening element. In plastic brackets, the screw or nail of the attachment is often already installed in the body in production, which facilitates installation, fig. 3.

Figure 3. Plastic bracket with screw

Receptions and, accordingly, brackets have different sizes. Due to the best aesthetic parameters, fastening with plastic brackets is advisable to perform in residential areas.

Metal brackets can work on a clamp and clamp. The latter are divided into single-palp and double-gloves. Their design is clear from fig. four.

a)

b)

Fig. 4. Options for performing single-palm metal brackets: a) clamping type; b) clamping type

The bracket is functionally similar to a dowel-clamp, which is shown in Fig. 5. It differs only in the way of fastening. For installation in the wall, the hole is drilled, and the clamp is pre-dressed on the cable insert into the hole, if necessary, lying it in there with a hammer.

Fig. 5. Dowel-Homut

When installing on the ceiling, this component assumes the functions of a plastic suspension.

Clips

Plastic clip or cable clamp can be considered the second most popular among simple fastening elements. Holds the cable in the working position due to the compressive action of spring sponges. Not recommended for use as a mounting suspension. The design is clear from fig. 6.

Fig. 6. Clip for cables of different diameters

In the bulk of cases, the main element of fastening the clips is screw, which ensures reliable fixation. Clips for glue installation are also available.

Clear dimensions are designed for solitary wire. If you need to laying multiple wires, clips are installed next to each other, for which the contacting side surfaces supply the protrusions system.

The feature of the use of this type of clip is strict control of the fitting of the seating hole with the wire diameter.

Clips of large sizes are also used to fix thin-walled metal pipes, flexible cable channels with a corrugation diameter of up to 50 mm.

Insulators

The insulator is a small barrel with an additional circular groove shifted from the transverse axis of symmetry, and the central hole under the fastening screw. Due to the groove on the insulator, a characteristic hat appears, which is clearly visible in fig. 7. The edges of the case are smoothed, which protects the insulation of wires from damage and contributes to the improvement of aesthetics.

Fig. 7. Insulator from color ceramics

Previously, it was made of ceramics exclusively white. Now, due to the increase in the popularity of retro style, insulators from color ceramics are widely available.

The insulator is used to mount the twisted wire, and when fixing the wire, the pairs are slightly spread and put under the hat to the locking groove. When changing the direction of the gasket, the insulator is installed directly at the top of the angle, and the wire due to the relatively low strength of the turns should be additionally fixed on it with wire.

The known effect of wire saving is eliminated by choosing a distance between insulators. The recommended value of this parameter is 0.5 m, if necessary, can be increased to 80 cm.

Claw-tie

Clamp - universal fastening element, which is designed to fix conductors. Most often used as part of other mounting elements. Some types of clamps do not require additional components when forming cable routes.

The clamp is a plastic belt with an integral lock, which is made as its continuation, fig. 8. The belt is equipped with a rifer, which does not allow it to leave the castle. The lock can be supplemented with a ring that allows you to fix the clamp with a screw on any flat surface.

Screeds as fasteners are also used when laying wires and pipes on cable trays.

Fig. 8. Clamp Clamp with an additional fastener

Wonderful feature of plastic screeds - ease of use. To attach the belt to the hole of any retainer, turn it around a single cable, a beam of wires or, after which it is fixed by the belt tightening.

Not fully tightened screed works like a suspension, replacing the metal tape.

Fastening a telephone cable

Despite the widespread twisted pair, when connecting to the network of stationary phones, the subscriber telephone cable TRP still continues. Because of its characteristic appearance, this wire is often called a "telephone noodle".

For attachment, the TRP uses ordinary shodders or other suitable nails, which are driven into the wall through a polymer mixture specifically provided for this, between two isolated copper veins, rice. nine.

Fig. 9. Cross-section cable TRP ("Telephone noodle") and nail orientation when attaching

Hidden gasket

The hidden gasket is used in the presence of a tension, suspended or tail ceiling. The nature of the operating area allows to reduce to a minimum requirements for aesthetics of elements of hidden fixation.

Playground with mounting hole

This simple fastening component is a plastic square part, on the front side of which one or two eyelets are made. After setting the playgrounds, the cable can be consolidated with screeds.

Fig. 10. Playground with two pairs of faces under the tie

The sites are less likely with a plastic clamp integrated into it.

The mounting of the site can be performed on glue or screw (less often two, example - in Fig. 10). When fixing the screw, the central part of the site is supplied with a mounting hole.

Dowel-clamp or dowel Necklace as an element of fastening - a combination of a dowel with a mounting platform. Involves the use of a separate screed. Sometimes the screed is an integral component of a dowel, such a design shows rice. eleven.

Fig. 11. Dowel-Clamp with an integral screed

To increase the strength of the attachment, the usual notch is replaced by the developed fins of the rod of a plastic dowel with round areas of a small thickness. When installing the dowel is clogged into the hole, the diameter of which is somewhat less than the diameter of the fin. The retention force increases due to the bending of the plates.

Quick-drying solution (alabaster, gypsum)

Fast-drying compositions whose functions are most often placed on the alabaster or gypsum, are used to fasten the cable or tube in the stroke. When referring to such a method, the stroke with the cable laid in it or the tube is lubricated approximately every 50 cm by a small number of mounting composition. This and the rest is covered with mounting ribbons.

The strengths of such a fastening method are low cost, high gasket speed, supplemented by the possibility of laying without special fasteners. The main disadvantage is the low capacity of the channel (no more than two wires), as well as the complexity of laying in the stroke of the corrugated tube.

It is impossible to forget that the laid wire is difficult to replace when the failure is out.

Clips

The clamps are constructively similar to clips and are often combined with them into one group. The main difference is another principle of fixing the wire: a rigid integrated clamp. The design variant of this element shows Fig. 12.

Figure 12. Clip-clip with latch

Cable clips may also have a group execution, which is shown in Fig. 13. The group component of the attachment is distinguished by the presence of several landing sockets for wires or plastic pipes closed with a total locking bracket.

Fig. 13. Three Piece Group Clip Clamp

Clamps as fastening elements due to increased structural complexity have a higher cost compared to classic clips. They are attractive in that they allow you to fix cables of different diameters. At the same time, other than rigid fixation can perform the functions of the free support of the wire.

Features of applying point fixation elements

When building an outer wiring, you should use plastic components of only black. Black plastic color gives gas soot, which is injected into the original raw materials. This additive is an excellent stabilizer and prevents the decomposition of plastics under the action of the UV component of sunlight.

Frequently found cable mount to the previously laid earlier - a rough mistake. This method is directly prohibited by the current rules for professional laying and it is useful to extend to the household region. The reason for the prohibition is that the design of the fastening element is calculated on those masses and mechanical loads of any kind, which are characteristic of a single cable or their group of a certain size. If the load is exceeded, the element may collapse.

When installing clamps such as a single-cap metal bracket or its plastic analogues at points of flat turns of the cable line, the fasteners should always be located on one side as shown in the left side of Fig. fourteen.

Figure 14. Scheme of the location of the mounting elements of the single-palm bracket when turning the cable: left - right, right - incorrect

The frequency of setting the point fixation elements depends on the rigidity of the cable. Based on the provisions of the "Guidelines for the construction of linear structures of local communications networks" here it is advisable to adhere to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in the table.

Conclusion.

In the process, a large number of cable fastening elements, their harnesses and cable trail pipes can be used. The choice of a particular fastening method is carried out taking into account the simplicity of installation, local features of the room, aesthetic parameters of solutions, fire safety requirements. It is possible both solitary and group gasket. Reliable mount is achieved by compliance with the norms in part of the selection of components and control the distance between points of fixation.

Video on the topic

Content:

Electrical networks associate a variety of electricity sources with consumers with wires and cables. Depending on the voltage value, all components of these networks are divided into such up to 1000 volts, as well as several higher voltage groups. The largest number of consumers have a voltage up to 1000 volts. Accordingly, in this group, the structure of the power grid is the most difficult. Since many consumers, it means, wires and cables, connecting them, are numerous and therefore must be ordered.

Safety Electricians and Pue

Just in case we remind you that electricity is a source of increased danger. And in some cases, the electrician's work is compared with the work of the mine, which is mistaken once. Therefore, in the electrical engineering, a kind of charter is used, called Pue ("Rules of Electrical Installation Device"). Most fundamental electrical nuances in these rules are mentioned and mandatory for execution. Including the requirements for electrical wiring, including its attachments, which will be discussed below.

In Pue, there is a few species of cables and wires. Consider first the outdoor wiring. It can be either hidden or open. In the open way, it is convenient to use cables along the walls of buildings or durable, for example, reinforced concrete fences. This requires fixation of the cable or wires on the wall performed with a specific step.

Such a difficult string

In order to reduce the number of mounting holes in the wall, the string is used.

It is a thin cable or steel wire (ribbon), stretched along the wall. Wires and cables both single, and in the form of beams are mounted much easier to this string. But this is true in comparison with the immediate fastening to the wall of the cable or wire only with a high length of the part of the part.

At one time, the instruction was approved, in which all aspects of this type of fasteners were described in detail:

Those who wish to familiarize themselves with the full amount of information on this topic will find it in the above instruction. The article will reflect the main moments.

1. When attached to the string of cables it is important to do this, taking into account the presence of a metal protective shell. If a cable is paved with such a shell, an elastic material is needed at the fastening site. Its thickness is from 0.3 mm, and it is wider than the fastening bracket by 3-4 mm. More detailed location of the fastener illustrate images further:

1. For cables without a metal shell, the gaskets are not installed.

• With the deviation of the cable or wire to the side of the string, the radius is made according to the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 1:
• Fastening brackets are located along the string with an optimal step:

1. 0.5 m (but not less) on horizontal sites;
2. 1.0 m (but not less) at vertical sites.

• The string is stretched by a winch close to the carrier surface. If this surface is plastering the brick wall, plastic dowels are applied.
• With manual tension, the string is covered by an intermediate fastener. If the tension is done by the winch, the string is attached to this element.
• The wire or cable is attached to the string of the K-226 mounting ribbon or its analogue.

1. If you need to evaluate the load on the string, depending on the number and total mass of the group of attached conductors, it is recommended to use data on carrier cables (see below):

1. The camshaft can also be attached only to the string if the installation on the carrier surface is obtained by a less effective solution.
2. If the carrier surface contains protrusions, the string fastening is made by their vertices, as shown in the image further:

1. The carrying string is necessarily ground (zary).

Direct mounting to the carrier surface

• The prerequisite for the horizontal arrangement of cables is a rigid mount to the carrier surface at endpoints, on both sides of the bend and near the couplings.
• With a vertical arrangement, massive cables are attached so that their weight is distributed from the fastening places to the carrier surface and did not cause both their own deformations (external and internal) and connection disorders.
• If there is a high probability of unwanted effect on the cable shell or wires from the carrier surface, it is necessary to use elastic gaskets in the places of contact.

Basis of box

The box can be considered as a type of gasket, which is effective at each point of contact with the cable with a carrier surface. But in combination with the role of fasteners. It often parses a group of cables. They are attached to both beams and in several layers. As a result, the lower layers and separate cables are powered by the wires located above.

• In boxes, the group mounting cables is made with the load distribution on the fastener elements to loosen the pressure on the lower wires.

For this, and for the purpose of functional separation are harvested with the use of corrugated clamps and pipes, as shown in the image further. The design of the box should allow secure clamps through perforation or otherwise. For example, through the holes drilled in it.

Flexible clamps

The use of clamping clamps from plastic for external installations is not recommended for continental climates. Heat and frosts with time make material screed fragile. Especially if the screed is tightened, and the temperature expansion of the cable is significantly more than her. For the suspension of plastic screeds through two or three, the same stainless steel is put. They will keep the cable when damaging the remaining fasteners of plastic. Damaged clamps can be replaced by new ones.

In combination with dowels

A tightening clamp with a hole for a self-tapping screw is suitable as an independent element of the cable fastener to the carrier surface. At the same time, reliable fixation of self-press in it is necessary. It is always possible to get, driving a hole and installing a dowel. There are several design varieties of dowels adapted for surfaces with various features. Some of them are shown further:

• Cable clamp with a hole in a pair with a dowel of the desired design is the most universal version of the cable fastener.
• The clamp must be chosen according to the weighting weight, if it is used on the ceiling or wall.

If the weight exceeds the passport values, a crack will appear in the hole area, and the clamp will have to be replaced more powerful. Otherwise, it is most likely to fall off from the carrier surface, and the destruction of the clamps can develop further on the principle of dominoes.

For fastening the cable, special dowels have special dowels on brick and concrete carrier surfaces. One design combines two in one. This is a dowel claw:

Its use will be the best as a fastener of the cable on the wall. It will take at least time and financial costs due to the unnecessaryness of the screws. On the ceiling, this type of fasteners can be applied, but only for light cables.

Another design is a dowel for screed. This constructive solution is somewhat less convenient in the installation, since it will be necessary to train the screed through it. In the landing hole, this dowel is maintained. Otherwise, the properties of this fastener are similar to HD.

But nevertheless, the metallic screws in a special dowel provides the most durable connection with the carrier surface. Therefore, for heavy cable harnesses and most reliable installations, a mounting site is recommended. It is also preferred for fixing the cable to the ceiling.

Skoby

It is obvious that the price of the clamp-screed commensurately increases. And some of this fasteners are bought off and ejected after the installation is completed. Therefore, for single cables, this installation method is not optimal. The simplest fastener for the cable on the wall of brick or concrete will be a bracket. Its structural varieties are adapted under the diameter of the conducted conductor:

For a stronger fixation of the brackets in the planting hole, it is filled with alabaster or glue. This type of fastener is the weakest clutch with a carrier surface and is used only for walls. But it is the fastest on the installation and the cheapest. For cables in corrugation or pipe, a type of dowel-brackets is used:

But the dismantling of corrugations or pipes with brackets can be done, only destroying the latter. For the possibility of multiple installations of corrugations and pipes on one route with the same fastener, clips are applied. Their sizes correspond to the used corrugation or pipe. The result is an elastic detachable connection. Clips can be placed on the wall without restrictions. It is permissible to use them and on the ceiling, but with refinement. Sponges Clips need to be covered with a clerken thread or wire twist. When the cable is uninstalled, it is cut and ejected.

But you can do without clips without refining, applying a more expensive model with a lock: