It is believed that every person must do at least three important things in life: give birth to a son, plant a tree and build a house.

Home is the basic dream of almost every person and the second human need, immediately following the need for food. But as soon as you own a house, the question of heating it immediately arises, since the temperature outside varies widely and for 7-8 months of the year it is clearly below the desired limits. And a person feels comfortable in a relatively narrow temperature range of 20...25⁰С, so in winter and in the off-season the house should be heated. And it would seem that here it is - the long-awaited summer, and then there’s bad luck: we’re too hot. The house has to be cooled in order to get the coveted 20…25⁰С again, and for this we use air conditioning. How does an air conditioner work? Does it create cold or act in some other way? In fact, it does not create cold! It takes heat from the air inside the house, thereby making it colder, and transfers this heat outside to the outdoor unit and releases it into the surrounding space. It's a shame, but this warmth is wasted.

So what do we have?

We need to maintain a comfortable temperature range at home, and for this we use 2 types of devices. One of them serves to increase heat in the house and is called a heating installation (heating system), and the second serves to reduce heat in the house and is called an air conditioner. We were taught this idea from childhood: heating for warmth, air conditioning for coolness : AND PERIOD!

What types of heating are we considering? Any heating installation works on the same principle: it creates a source of increased temperature inside the house, transfers the resulting heat to the coolant (water, antifreeze, air), which distributes the heat throughout the house. The ultimate task is to warm the air in the room, and a person’s presence in this warm air creates a feeling of comfort. Almost all sources of elevated temperature operate by burning one type of fuel or another (with the exception of electric heating devices, which are quite expensive to operate). Do I need to ask which type of fuel is the dream of any homeowner? Of course, this is main gas, which for some reason is considered the least expensive in terms of monthly payments. It is with the help of this fixed idea, which is essentially a trap, that they make obedient consumers out of us. Exploiting our natural desire to build a house for our family and make it comfortable for our closest and beloved people, authorities, officials, oligarchs - all those who control the tap with a “national treasure” take away from us the most important thing: OUR FREEDOM. Our country has plenty of land for construction, but for some reason it is not available. Our country produces a huge amount of oil and gas, but where is this share of public property? The housing problem and the heating problem are the two main levers of pressure on people. Without a doubt, they can be solved in the shortest possible time, but then how can we be manipulated? As long as we buy gas and other hydrocarbons in our country, nothing will change. This is beneficial only to the oil and gas tycoons and the authorities that have grown together with them, but not to you and me. We know of only one country where natural resources work for the benefit of the population: the United Arab Emirates. Gasoline is cheap there and at the birth of each citizen a tidy sum is credited to his account. For the benefit of every local Arab, there are 7 visiting labor migrants, for whom this country will never become their home: you can become a citizen only by birth and origin. You can all see perfectly well where the revenues from gas and oil go in our country.

In countries where power and capital are not corrupted by the rain of oil and gas dollars pouring from the sky, ALTERNATIVE HEATING SYSTEMS have long been developing and have reached a good level. And even where there is oil and gas (for example, in Norway), people and even the authorities understand that mineral reserves are finite. And the moment when they run out is not far off. Why not adopt the best practices, in particular, of the Scandinavian countries, where more than 10 years ago Air Heat Pumps for heating began to be successfully introduced. After all, their climate is so similar to ours and even more severe. What benefits does the use of these miracle machines promise us and what does it give us? But first things first.

To begin with, a heat pump generates thermal energy without using a combustion process, which means it does not use fuel. Also, this means that the prices for this very fuel (gas, diesel fuel, fuel oil, pellets, firewood) from now on cease to worry us. This is our energy independence! A natural consequence of this is the fire safety of this heating system and one of its obvious advantages!

Next important point. We talked about the fact that we were accustomed to the idea that to heat a home in cold weather, we need to use one device, and to cool it in hot weather, another. Is it possible to have one device, one climate system for heating and cooling. So to speak, “HEAD and SHOULDERS”, TWO in ONE? It turns out that it is possible! In essence, the Heat Pump is a “HEAT MACHINE” (or Refrigerator), and Heating and Air Conditioning are its two modes of operation. Of course, an air source heat pump is a technically complex device. In order to extract heat from frosty air (down to -25 ⁰C), many technical difficulties had to be overcome, and this process does not stop. In the coming years, the effective operation of these devices down to external temperatures of -30…-35⁰С will be mastered. But even today's devices, operating down to -25⁰С, are effective as heating devices. Considering that monthly payments when using a heat pump are already comparable to payments for main gas, and the fact that the service life of air source heat pumps is more than 20 years, they deserve serious consideration as a candidate for the role of a heating and air conditioning system.

The heat pump is an autonomous system that operates without human intervention. We set the desired comfortable temperature in the house, say +23⁰С, and the built-in inverter control system of the heat pump will smoothly change its performance, maintaining the set room temperature with high accuracy. The compressor and control system require only electricity and outside air at natural temperature to operate.

Since the heat pump does not create heat, but spends electricity only on the process of transferring it from the surrounding air, the heat output is many times greater than if electricity were spent on direct heating with electric heaters. This gain, equal to the ratio of the thermal energy received to the electrical energy spent, is called COP (Coefficient Of Performance). COP depends on the difference between the external and internal temperatures (and at a constant internal temperature - only on the external one) and for temperatures in our region ranges from 2 to 5. The average per season is three. That is, on average, during the season you receive three times more thermal energy than electrical energy spent. And this gives monthly payments comparable to main gas.

Another important advantage is the fact that the installation of such a heating system does not require coordination with the fire services, or with the BTI services and all sorts of others, designed for some reason to complicate our lives even in our own home! And this, probably, is a movement towards freedom and independence of the individual! Those who have taken this step today by installing, like most Scandinavian citizens, Air Heat Pumps as a heating system, feel much more comfortable, since they are no longer so easy to manipulate. The very idea that you don’t care what gas prices are now, etc. is worth a lot. And we are ready to contribute to this in every possible way. Independence from everyday life gives rise to freedom in the minds, and isn’t this the greatest value for a person: to speak and think FREELY!

Air source heat pumps - This :

-simple installation, no need for construction work
- installation is possible within one day
-possible to install in already built houses
-automatic temperature control during the absence of the homeowner, economical mode of maintaining the temperature in the house +10⁰С. Automatic restart and recovery after power failure
-possibility of air conditioning (cooling) of premises in summer;
- low monthly costs
- the cost of equipment and installation is significantly lower than for other types of heating

- safety and long service life

-a wide selection of models from leading Japanese manufacturers

31.07.2019

We will introduce you to the latest and most effective technologies used for heating systems in private houses and their installation: types, advantages and organizational features.

For heating, not only efficiency criteria are important, but also cost-effectiveness. To increase this indicator, it is necessary to ensure heating of a private home with the latest technologies and high-quality installation. The main characteristic is determined by the efficiency value. However, it is equally important to work on minimizing operating costs.

Introduction of innovative heating methods and their principles

Opportunities arising from innovative heating of a private home.

The introduction of any innovative heating technologies is intended to improve the system, its performance and operating comfort. Let us mention the existence of several areas of development that help determine future trends related to the organization of autonomous heating in homes.

Among the most popular, we note the modernization of classical circuits, especially their individual components. First of all, heating boilers need modernization. The main indicators by which a modern boiler is chosen are due to increased operating efficiency (efficiency), maximum autonomy and cost-effectiveness.

In addition, the list of new technologies used in heating country houses consists of the following areas:

• Use of alternative heat sources - geothermal heating, solar collectors;
• Improvements to traditional schemes used in heating. This is especially true for systems that use electricity as the main source of energy supply;
• New materials for the manufacture of pipelines and radiators, modernization of the designs of heating devices.

The proposed range of new heating technologies in private homes does not always provide real efficiency. Although there are many proven methods that help improve system parameters and maintain optimal temperatures to ensure the operation of autonomous heating.

Installation of solar collectors or geothermal heating is only possible in the form of auxiliary systems. Taking into account the harsh winters, they do not have the ability to bring the indoor temperature to the required value.

Infrared heating technology in homes

How to achieve the most efficient conversion of electrical energy into heat? The ideal option would be a technology for generating IR rays with a wavelength range from 10 to 15 microns. To do this, use special resistive elements made of carbon. In modern Finnish heating technology, this type of heater is used.

Structurally, they consist of a polymer foam base with an applied layer of foil. On the surface of the foil there is a complex of resistive elements that emit IR waves immediately after connecting the electric current. The introduction of modern heating technologies is carried out in conjunction with an electronic control unit designed to perform functions related to power regulation in accordance with the temperature parameters in the room and user settings.

The embodiment of innovative heating in a private home

If Finnish heating technology is practically implemented, then the equipment should be installed on the ceiling of a specific room. In this way, it is possible to achieve maximum heating throughout the entire volume of the room. Side mounting technology is less efficient. If we compare it with the heating installation technology, which uses polypropylene pipes, then when installing Plen it is necessary to take care of the mandatory insulation of the surfaces of the walls and ceiling. In addition, you should be guided by the following features of infrared heating:

1. The maximum heating level of the film is about 40-50°C;
2. Heat losses in the building, which should not be higher than the standard ones. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve air heating above 16-17°C;
3. A feature of the technology for installing heating radiators is the use of a relatively small area of ​​batteries. It is possible to achieve efficient functioning of Plen if the ceiling coverage area is from 60 to 70% of the total;
4. When compared with water heating technology, IR will function without the installation of boilers, pipelines and other system elements.

Plen is not yet so widespread. Despite the widespread dissemination of innovative technologies in the field of heating, the level of air temperature in residential buildings remains unsatisfactory, which is associated with the presence of large heat losses.

In addition, you should be guided by the inertia of this system, which in most situations does not correspond to new technologies for heating country houses. It may take from 2 to 4 weeks to achieve a normal regime.

Let us note that the actual thermal power of the film heater differs from the rated power by 10–15%. These data must be used as a guide when calculating the coverage area.

About system components and their installation

The introduction of any new technology related to the installation of water heating is impossible without the use of innovative materials in the manufacture of its components. Today, the polymer industry is effectively developing, supplying the industry with more economical models of pipes - polypropylene, cross-linked polyethylene and metal-plastic. They are easy to install and have a long maintenance-free service life.

Features of installing polypropylene heating pipes

Heating system using polypropylene pipes

Before the heating sector was not armed with modern technologies, it was the heating mains that consumed a huge amount of labor costs and finances. To connect steel pipelines, welding technologies were used, and in the absence of the opportunity to use a welding machine, the pipes were connected using threaded couplings, which did not always correspond to the required result.

The practical implementation of the technology for installing a heating system using polypropylene pipes is to use diffusion welding to create connections. The surface of the elements is heated to achieve a fluid state and weld the pipes. This technique has the following positive aspects:

• Possibility of independent installation of pipelines. For these purposes, you need to take care of purchasing a special soldering machine. The cost of the most affordable version of the model ranges from 400 to 700 rubles;
• Connection reliability. You just need to take care to observe the heating time of the pipes;
• Simplified technology for installing heating radiators.

However, one important disadvantage of polypropylene pipes should be mentioned. The maximum possible water temperature level should be +90°C. Otherwise, problems associated with their deformation and detachment of the reinforcing shell are likely to occur.

To solve problems associated with increasing thermal output, new technologies for installing heating batteries involve the use of mounting a reflective surface. Foil foam is often used.

Installation of heated floors for heating

Scheme according to which underfloor heating pipes are placed in the house

When choosing a technology for installing water heating, they mainly use the classic scheme, which consists of installing pipelines that transport coolant, complete with radiators that transfer thermal energy to the room. However, the effectiveness of such an organization is not achieved in all cases. Therefore, it is recommended to install water heated floors around the entire perimeter of the house.

What is the essence of innovation when using this technology in a heating system? The main indicator is increasing operational efficiency. Any owner of a country cottage needs to take care of the correct selection of materials and structural components:

Pipes. The best option would be to choose cross-linked polyethylene with a shell that serves to protect against air penetration. These pipes have sufficient flexibility, are mounted using fittings, and have a high level of heat transfer;

Control system. Without it, it is impossible to introduce new technologies in heating country cottages. For water heated floors, this is a manifold with an automatic mixing unit. You also cannot do without a programmer connected to external temperature sensors;

Flooring. Its functions are of no small importance. After all, it is precisely because of the heat losses associated with the passage of energy under the cement screed or laminate that the final efficiency of the entire system is determined.

What is the cost of such new heating technologies for a private home? There is a mutual dependency with the selected components and route layouts.

Taking into account the majority of heat losses characteristic of private buildings, due to insufficient insulation of the foundation, the choice of water heated floors is today recognized as the best option for maintaining comfortable temperature conditions. Among the important advantages, we mention the possibility of choosing a heating system technology made of metal-plastic, cross-linked polyethylene or polypropylene pipes. The difference between the options is determined solely by the cost of components and the complexity of installation.

In comparison with Finnish heating technology, a system consisting of a water-heated floor can heat the room air to 25 - 28°C. It is only worth mentioning the significantly higher costs associated with the purchase of equipment and inspection of heated floors. When choosing a particular system, you should determine the parameters of the required heating characteristics.

When choosing a technology for installing heated floors, you need to decide on the likely installation of furniture in the places where the pipes will be laid. In some situations, there is a ban on installing furniture according to operating standards.

What should you focus on when deciding on the latest heating technologies in a private home and their installation? Among the main indicators, you should decide on the component manufacturer. If the equipment is not produced by serious global companies, the presented technology will have many negative aspects. Sellers can declare exceptional reliability and even incredible efficiency, so it is more profitable to work with proven circuits.

Innovative technologies for heating a private home

Introduction of new systems for heating private houses

The use of new systems for heating private homes is not just a fashionable trend; thanks to the implementation of such innovations, it is possible to reduce the consumption of purchased fuel, increase the overall efficiency of heating and reduce harm caused to the environment. At the same time, the essence of any innovative ideas is ease of use, real competitiveness in comparison with traditional methods.

• Types of liquid fuel
• Gas systems
• Electrical installations
• Use of heat pumps
• Using solar energy
• Introduction of convection technologies
• Use of film systems
• Reducing losses
• Challenges associated with new techniques

The introduction of modern heating systems for private homes is designed to simultaneously solve several key problems:

• reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources;
• increasing the efficiency of operating installations;
• attracting more renewable energy technologies;
• reducing environmental stress;
• ensuring heating efficiency in combination with the operation of all systems involved in this process.

The introduction of new systems and technologies should not lead to a deterioration in user comfort, and should be as easy to use as possible.

In some situations, developers are engaged in combining all the innovations available in the house into a common system, collectively called a “smart home”. This solution increases automation, which helps achieve goals.

Introduction of solid fuel technologies

Among the most common systems using coal or peat briquettes, there are hardly any new ones. However, companies involved in the production of this equipment are modernizing their installations and increasing their operating efficiency. This helps reduce emissions and get the most calories from the fuel.

Pyrolysis boiler design

Heating systems designed for private homes and equipped with solid fuel boilers effectively use gas-generating processes. There are many positive solutions in this area, one of which is the use of pyrolysis gas for heating premises. Actual smoldering of the fuel occurs, rather than combustion during operation, simultaneously with its more complete combustion.

Pyrolysis plants have a higher efficiency compared to traditional solid fuel boilers. First, the fuel itself is burned, then the pyrolysis gas is burned, and over 90% is obtained.

Types of liquid fuel

In many regions, among the current types of fuel, the use of liquid hydrocarbons, for example, waste fuel, diesel fuel or liquefied natural gas, is effective. The latest generation boilers are installed there. The use of new technologies for heating private houses does not significantly save fuel.

The introduction of the most advanced equipment for liquid fuel boilers helps to increase the environmental component of this process, reduce emissions, ensure more complete combustion of the liquid, and minimize unpleasant odors due to increased sealing of the installation.

Full implementation of consumption reduction has not yet been successful. However, for many cases when it is necessary to obtain an autonomous system at a relatively low cost, these boilers have many advantages over their analogues.

We would like to separately mention the efficiency of boilers operating on liquefied gas. Of course, if you compare a centralized gas pipeline with them, this method cannot be called cheaper, although in comparison with electric or solid fuel heating it is significantly more economical.

Gas systems

The range of developments to improve the efficiency of gas systems is exhausting its possibilities. Home heating systems using new technologies and the use of gas are solved by manufacturers using condensing models. The productivity of such devices is rapidly approaching 100%.

In addition, equipment operating on liquefied gas is being introduced. In such situations, it is important to remember the importance of updating the injectors so that the nozzle has the appropriate diameter.

Electrical installations

Modern systems designed for heating private houses are distinguished by the active use of electricity. Among the disadvantages, we mention the relatively high cost, but thanks to constant improvements in energy efficiency, a solution to this issue is being found.

Among the new products in this area, we mention:

• film heaters;
• infrared heating modules;
• electrical underfloor heating systems.

For now, these types are used as auxiliary systems that help reduce the load on the main heat generator.

Introduction of heat pumps

The use of modern heating systems in private homes in Scandinavian countries is often combined with obtaining thermal energy for one’s own home from earth or air energy. This type of installation was introduced back in the 80s of the last century. True, over the past period of time there has been a change in more than one generation of equipment.

There is a constant increase in the power characteristics of heat pumps, and in accordance with its popularity among Swedish consumers, about three-quarters of all buildings are heated using this scheme. The legislation of some European countries forces contractors to take into account the installation of the equipment presented when calculating estimates.

Such projects pay off on average from 7 to 9 years, depending on the area of ​​the house and the amount of resources consumed. Taking into account the complete absence of costs associated with fuel, this method is considered the most rational and environmentally friendly. In addition, if there is a reservoir next to a private yard, they achieve a reduction of up to 30% in the costs associated with installing and running a heat pump.

The operating principle of modern heating systems used for domestic needs is often based on the use of solar energy. The resulting portions of sunlight are processed into thermal energy, for which two popular types of devices are used:

• thermal collectors;
• solar panels.

These devices differ slightly in operational characteristics and design complexity. It is not yet possible to use them for industrial heating due to the high cost, but supplying electricity or hot water for home use is quite rational. These devices are mounted on an open area or the roof of a building to take full advantage of the sun's rays.

Convection technologies

Thermal panels are becoming increasingly popular.

Among the advantages of their use, we mention the following features:

• simplicity and comfort in operation;
• reduced energy consumption;
• high functionality;
• aesthetic appearance.

The cost of the working element when heating a square meter of area is approximately 0.05 kW, in comparison with traditional sources, which spend 0.1 kW on the same surface.

The back side of the panel is covered with a heat-accumulating layer, due to which it gains a temperature of 90 degrees C and above, followed by easy release of the received energy. The working process is accompanied by the use of the convection effect. These modules have maximum safety and reliability, so they are recommended for installation in children's organizations.

Film systems

In modern heating systems installed in private homes, the use of PLEN systems is often practiced. The equipment of radiant electric heaters is rightfully considered an effective energy-saving technology. They have the ability to be used indoors as alternative heat sources.

The working element is fixed to a film that is heat-resistant. This heating equipment is usually attached to the ceiling surface. The complete structure can be easily installed by connecting to a power source. Thanks to the foil screen, heat is dissipated in space.

Reducing losses

The use of innovative technologies for heating private houses is also intended to reduce heat loss. For these purposes, thermal insulation materials are used to prevent heating of the street. This helps reduce fuel consumption for heating, as well as increase the efficiency of heat generating plants.

Manufacturers use various thermal insulation materials: penoplex, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool. The choice of material is usually carried out in accordance with financial capabilities and the insulation surface. It should be borne in mind that work related to insulating a house and preserving heat is mainly external and is rarely carried out inside the house.

Introduction of new technologies in heating private houses

Using modern heating systems using examples

Today, the relevance of introducing new technologies in heating private houses has increased significantly. Every home owner wants to reduce heating-related costs, but they cannot do without an innovative approach when creating a heat supply system. As an indispensable condition that helps reduce heating-related costs, we mention energy savings.

Therefore, many homeowners have to abandon the classic air or water type of heating. Increasingly, new heating technology for private houses is being introduced, based on the use of new heating technology based on alternative energy sources. You can read more in “Alternative heating of a private home based on a fairly large selection.”

Using infrared heaters in a private home

When analyzing new technologies related to heating private homes, we primarily talk about infrared heaters. In such situations, this equipment is the main source of heat, although it is widely used to organize local heating.

An IR heater is a device designed to emit light waves in the infrared range that penetrate unhindered through the air. The devices are used to heat objects in the direction in which they are installed.

To provide premises with the most optimal temperature conditions, consumers usually install electric models operating from various sources of heat radiation, either open spirals or heating elements. The IR heater studies the light waves shown in the photo, reflected by a special reflector and therefore heating exclusively the space located in the direction of the device.

Introduction of innovative heating for a private home

Gas infrared appliances are often used in situations with external heating. For example, if employees of warehouses, garages, and other utility rooms need to create a comfortable environment. They have the following operating principle: the gas-air mixture is directed into the device structure, where it is burned using special heat-resistant perforated plates.

If there is a need to heat floors, ceilings or walls, they use new heating systems for private houses - infrared film heating systems. Installation of their elements is carried out under finishing. Under the influence of electric current on the surface of carbon thermal elements, the surfaces are heated.

About the disadvantages and advantages of infrared heating

Many residents of private houses are interested in whether it is justified to use IR devices for heating their homes.

If we consider this type of heaters in terms of saving energy resources, it is rightfully considered the most profitable. It also has the following advantages:

• Efficiency reaching 95%;
• rapid heating of the room;
• significant cost optimization;
• compliance with environmental friendliness. The operation of an infrared heater is not accompanied by the release of toxins, so it does not harm either people or the environment.

Principles of innovative heating of a private home

To effectively regulate energy consumption, it is necessary to complete the heating system based on IR heaters with automatic devices based on thermostats. The situation is similar with all types of heat supply structures, regardless of the system technology used, corresponding to the heating of a country house.

Among the disadvantages of IR heating devices, first of all, the high cost of the equipment should be mentioned. For a heating system that heats all the rooms of the house, you will have to part with a fairly large amount of money. The cost recovery occurs over a long period of time.

Receiving heat from reservoirs and the bowels of the earth

Geothermal installations

Thanks to the introduction of new technologies related to heating a private home, today it is possible to achieve not only economical consumption of thermal energy sources, but also ensure the production of electricity. The resulting amount of electricity can be used for various needs: lighting the building, operating the heating boiler included in the water heating structure.

Among the methods used in energy production, we mention the use of geothermal installations. Their functioning corresponds to a heat pump, and to obtain heat they use the soil outside a private home.

When creating such a heating system, the introduction of new technologies involves the use of the following geothermal system design:

• in private homes, a special heat pump is installed that pumps coolant;
• outside the building, a heat exchanger called a soil probe is lowered into the prepared shaft. Groundwater flows through it to the heat pump;
• From such a coolant, when passing through the pump, part of the heat is transferred, which is consumed to heat the house.

In the most efficient and productive geothermal systems, based on modern heating technologies for private houses, instead of groundwater, they use antifreeze poured into a reservoir, which is located at depth (more details can be read in “Modern heating systems for private houses - choosing the most affordable heating system option” ).

The difference between heating systems created using a heat pump is significant efficiency. If 1 kW of energy is expended, they have the ability to produce 4 - 6 kW. The introduction of new heating technologies based on geothermal installations does not involve the use of solid or liquid fuels. When they function, no heavy metals or toxins are released into the natural environment.

In order to build a geothermal heat supply structure, a significant amount is required, accessible to a small number of consumers. Note that it is hardly possible to cope with the independent installation of such a system. Although manufacturers provide detailed instructions, the main difficulty is the construction of a shaft designed to accommodate the heat exchanger. The wisest thing to do is turn to professionals.

Hydrothermal installations

Thanks to new technologies for heating country houses, it is possible to do without drilling a deep shaft. This possibility arises only if there is a nearby body of water that does not freeze even in the frostiest period. The reservoir is used for the construction of a hydrothermal installation designed to extract thermal energy from the bottom layer of water.

The design solution of such an installation is similar to a geothermal system:

• a heat pump is installed in the house, which helps circulate the coolant through the pipes;
• A heat exchanger probe is placed at the bottom of the reservoir, which is designed to collect heat.

There is a relationship between the operating efficiency of hydrothermal installations and the length of the probe. With proper installation, about 40 W can be obtained for each linear meter of the heat exchanger. Therefore, to heat medium-sized country houses, it is enough to install a system with a length of 200 to 300 meters.

Solar heating - introduction of new technologies

Another relatively new direction in heating private houses is the use of solar energy. In this situation, owners of country real estate have the opportunity to use special collectors or photovoltaic panels, solar heaters. The latest devices, however, have a low level of energy efficiency (efficiency no higher than 20%), and therefore they remain unpopular. Collector batteries are more in demand.

The design of a heating system powered by solar energy consists of the following elements:

• collector - a structure made of a series of tubes connected to a reservoir, filled with coolant. Collecting devices can be air, vacuum or flat;
• circuit - through it the coolant enters the system with the subsequent intake of heat for heating;
• heat accumulator - a water tank in which energy conversion occurs;
• pump (not always) - with the help of this device, forced circulation of the heat carrier is ensured along the circuit to ensure more efficient energy exchange.

Efficiency of using solar collectors

To use this technology and achieve high efficiency, you will need to follow some recommendations:

• Solar heating can be used as the main one only in regions where there are at least 20 sunny days every month. In other situations, it is impossible to do without installing a backup heating system.
• Collectors must be placed at the highest possible height so that they receive maximum sunlight, with a uniform flow during daylight hours.
• The pipes connecting the collector to the heat exchanger must be insulated to minimize energy losses.
• When developing a heating system project for private homes, in addition to traditional options, it is important to take advantage of everything innovative and new for heating systems that has appeared at the current time.

This heating system is divided according to the type of coolant into water or electric. The first option is characterized by a completely different approach to creating a heating system. Its design consists of several components:

• Radiator block.
• Coolant distribution manifold.
• Special oxygen-tight plastic tubes connected to corrugated cross-linked polyethylene hoses.

The radiator design consists of 2 interconnected copper tubes with a diameter of 13 millimeters. They serve to secure aluminum or brass ribs that are closed by an aluminum frame. The design is quite simple, and the entire complex of elements made of non-ferrous metals has a long service life and high heat transfer rates.

It is interesting to consider the design of the box itself. It is represented by three elements obtained by stamping. The box has standard dimensions: width - 28 millimeters, height - 140 millimeters. We can say that this heating device is quite compact. To mount the heat exchanger in the housing itself, use holders specially installed on the rear wall.

The collector included in such a heating system consists of 2 horizontal pipes, equipped with all the necessary shut-off valves: shut-off valves, drain valves, air vents and thermometers. We are talking about a full-fledged device that distributes coolant. The function of the upper main pipe in the comb is to supply hot water to the heating system. The lower pipe is a receiver of water from the run-in. To make the collector, steel or plastic pipes are used.

Next, we will talk about the tubes that are used as lines for distributing coolant through the heating system. We are talking about two tubes: an internal smooth one and an external corrugated one. The two tubes are not connected by any fasteners; one is inserted into the other. The function of the first is to act as a highway, the second - as a tunnel. This is due to the installation of the entire connection system in the floor. If you need to replace the inner tube, just pull it out of the outer tube and replace it with a new one. You don’t even have to open the floors, which simplifies the repair process as much as possible.

Attention! This system is distinguished by two indicators that affect the life of the device. We are talking about the complete absence of oxygen and the immunity of plastic to the negative effects of salts dissolved in water.

There are several restrictions that should be followed when installing baseboard heating. The coolant temperature should not exceed 85 degrees C, and the pressure should not exceed 3 atmospheres. This requirement depends on the technical properties of cross-linked polyethylene. If exposed to elevated levels, the system will become unusable. If there is a need to install baseboard heating in an apartment where the coolant is 95 degrees C and 9 atmospheres, it is important to take precautions. For example, replace plastic tubes with metal-plastic or copper ones. It is possible to install a more powerful collector with an additional heat exchanger designed to reduce both temperature and pressure.

Today, to equip such systems, various devices are used, complete with automation, which is responsible for tasks related to operational safety and effective temperature distribution in all rooms of the house. Additionally, it is possible to use a circulation pump, thermostats, servos, thermometers, pressure gauges and other things. That is, it is possible to organize a modern type of heating system.

Features of electric baseboard heating

There are practically no external differences in the electrical system and the water system. They are equipped with the same aluminum box, heated thanks to the same copper tubes. True, the supply pipes are not visible. The systems differ in their internal filling. The upper tube is used to accommodate the electrical cable that supplies current. High-quality cable insulation using silicone filler is required. The lower tube is used to install a heat cable in the form of an air heating element. The power obtained by one linear meter of heating element reaches 200 watts.

The installation of such radiators is simplified as much as possible, and you can connect to the AC mains using a regular outlet. With the correct calculation of the power of 1 electric radiator and the required length of the heating element, one such battery will be enough to heat a small room.

Attention! Manufacturers provide everything necessary to ensure maximum protection for electric baseboard radiators. Experts recommend not equipping wet areas of the house with such equipment.

Principle of operation

The introduction of new heating technologies, including baseboard heating, is very difficult. Consumers are unwilling to take risks without understanding the meaning of the innovation. Installation of new baseboard radiators is carried out in close proximity to the surface of the walls. Consequently, convection heating is not used here. This is due to the “sticking” effect noted by the famous physicist Henry Coanda. He was able to establish experimentally that surfaces isolated from the outside world form a zone of low pressure. Whenever air enters from the outside, this space is filled. The situation is similar with baseboard heating.

The radiator box is equipped with two longitudinal slots - one is located near the floor, the second is located on top, next to the wall surface. When air enters through the bottom slot, it passes through the heating tubes, heating up. Next, it rises and passes through the upper slot. At this moment, the “sticking” effect occurs. The air does not heat up in the room itself, but the wall heats up, which gradually begins to release heat. When comparing the principle of operation characteristic of baseboard heating, you can make sure that it is similar to the operation of IR heaters. It is not the surrounding air that is heated, but the objects located nearby. The wall receiving the necessary heat emits infrared waves.

Due to the absence of convection in this case, heating of the coolant may be limited in temperature. It is important to use materials with high heat transfer for the production of baseboard radiators. It is most effective to manufacture such radiators from copper, brass and aluminum. Let's compare the heat transfer coefficients inherent in different materials. For example, the heat transfer coefficient of steel is 92 W/m2, aluminum - 236 W/m2, copper - 390 W/m2.

In a situation with maximum operating mode, the aluminum body of the maximum plinth radiator heats up to 40 degrees C, and the wall surface has a temperature of 37 degrees C. This temperature is enough to ensure that the room has a comfortable temperature, and there are no problems with heating surfaces, safety related does not arise.

Advantages of the system

Let us introduce you to the positive qualities inherent in such a heating system:

• Due to the absence of air convection, dust remains on objects without being spread throughout the entire room.
• Let us note the excellent perception of infrared heat by the human body. The temperature is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the room, which prevents warm air from accumulating under the ceiling.
• The walls and other enclosing structures are heated, next to which baseboard radiators are installed. This helps to dramatically reduce heat loss. In addition, the walls will be kept dry. This means they will not be exposed to mold or mildew, which could lead to a new renovation.
• Note the simplicity of the installation process. Installing and connecting such a system into one circuit is not a problem. Even a non-professional can handle this procedure. Electric heating is especially easy to install. The radiators are small in size and have a presentable appearance; they will not damage the interior design of the room where they are installed.
• Good fuel economy can be achieved due to the low coolant temperature. According to experts, savings can reach 40% compared to classic water heating and traditional batteries.
• The system has a high maintainability rate. Moreover, repairing electrical systems is much easier than repairing water ones. It is enough to dismantle the box and replace the lower tube, which usually fails, with a new one. However, the operation of electric baseboard radiators, provided proper operation is ensured, can last for several decades. Therefore, this problem should not cause any concern.
• By equipping the distribution manifold with thermostats, it is possible to easily control the heat distribution throughout the rooms. For example, at night there is no need for high temperatures in the living room, so you can reduce it by reducing the coolant supply. And if the temperature in the bedroom is insufficient, you can change it by redistributing the coolant flow so that it increases in the bedrooms.
• Baseboard heating is also used to reduce the temperature in rooms. In summer, you can replace hot water in the system with cold water. The “sticking” effect will continue, which helps to cool the walls in the rooms.

Among the disadvantages of the system, we mention:

• High cost of equipment and materials - the price of non-ferrous metals today is quite high.
• The length of one radiator is limited to 15 meters. Otherwise, there will be a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the system.
• Batteries must not be equipped with decorative covers. They reduce the temperature and lead to a decrease in the flow of warm air.
• Due to the close distance between the heating devices and the wall surface, the wallpaper may deteriorate.
• It is not allowed to cover baseboard heating devices with pieces of furniture and other bulky objects, as this leads to a decrease in heat transfer.

The heating circuit includes pressure-increasing pumps, fasteners, pipes, batteries, boiler thermostats, expansion tank, manifolds, air vents, and connection system. Any node is of great importance. Therefore, the choice of each part of the structure must be planned correctly. On this tab we will try to help you choose the necessary parts of the structure for your dacha. The installation of heating a mansion has various parts.

More recently, all that the owners of private houses could count on were simple stoves, which, although they heated the adjacent rooms, they simply could not reach all the rooms in the house. Nowadays, stoves are more of a decorative element, like various fireplaces, and heating in houses is carried out by more technological means.

Installing a heat meter into the system in some cases does not reduce financial costs, and even increases utility bills, this is explained by high heat losses in old buildings and the lack of means for managing heat consumption. Therefore, many owners of apartments and private houses are interested in information about the elements of new generation engineering communications and the latest and most efficient heating technology, which allows them to have comfortable living conditions in their home without incurring large financial costs.

Selection of building heating systems

Technological progress leads to the fact that new technologies are constantly appearing in the field of heating individual housing. And since harsh winter weather forces Russians to spend large sums of money on heating their premises, the emergence of innovations in the heating sector provides an opportunity to reduce these costs.

Alternative individual heating of a country house using new technologies is capturing an increasingly large niche in the heating equipment market.

Diagram of the operating principle of geothermal heating.

To maintain high performance of a solar installation, the main method of heating premises must produce the maximum temperature in the system and have the function of accumulating incoming heat. The solar installation is combined with a floor heating system, where the floor serves as a heat accumulator.

The disadvantages of the system include the fact that it works best in the summer, when there is no need to heat buildings. At the same time, this type of heating of houses is relevant in the mountains, where buildings are also heated in the summer season.

Vacuum solar collectors

This method of obtaining thermal energy consists in the fact that a vacuum solar collector absorbs light solar energy and converts it into heat, which heats the coolant. It consists of a complex of vacuum tubes that change the energy of the sun by transferring heat from the absorption coating of the inside of the tube to the coolant contained in the heat exchanger. This type of collector works like a thermos tube. This allows them to be used during the winter season. The principle of operation of the collector: solar radiation hits the collector plane, passes through the vacuum between the tubes and hits a special coating applied inside the second thermos tube. This coating has properties that allow it to heat up intensely, and at the same time the vacuum pipe heats up, from which the heat is transferred to the coolant.

Source: http://1poteply.ru/sistemy/tip/novye-sistemy-otopleniya.html

Modern technologies for heating a private home

The newest are heating systems that have been used relatively recently and at the same time provide reliable, environmentally friendly heating of buildings and structures. As a rule, they are based on the use of modern high-tech equipment and materials, which makes it possible to create the most comfortable conditions for people with optimal consumption of energy resources.

An example of the latest heating systems is the so-called “smart home”, where modern automatic control systems maintain the selected climatic conditions (temperature and humidity level) that are most comfortable for the inhabitants of the house, changing them not only depending on the outside temperature, but also on time of day.

It should be noted that to use an effective heating system control system, you need more modern heating equipment.

In houses with cast iron radiators, which have high thermal inertia, with an old boiler running on wood, even the most modern automatic control systems will not give any result.

The latest heating systems require fundamentally new heating devices, on the basis of which fundamentally new heating systems can be created.

Heating systems based on PLEN

The latest heating systems may have a completely new design. An example is infrared heating systems using film heating elements or PLEN.

PLEN consists of two layers of the thinnest polymer film, between which are located the fibers of the heating element, made of carbon threads. PLEN is flexible, can be rolled into rolls, is light in weight and can be easily attached to any surface, which can be the floor, ceiling and walls.

But most importantly, the surface of this unusual heating element has a temperature of no more than 60 C, which is the best guarantee of its fire safety, while PLEN can provide any heating area.

Simple example: a film heater can be placed over the entire surface of the floor, covered on top, for example, with a laminate, and the result is a heating device, the area of ​​which is equal to the area of ​​the floor.

You can do it differently and attach a film heater to the ceiling, creating a heating model based on the principle of the sun, because PLEN, just like our “luminary,” emits infrared waves that fall on the floor surface and objects in the house, heating them. As a result, the floor is again the warmest in the room.

If desired, film heaters can be attached to the surface of the walls, but the effect of this method of using them is lower compared to installing PLEN on the floor or ceiling.

Another advantage of film heating elements is the relatively low heating of their surface (remember, the maximum surface temperature of PLEN is 60 C, and the most comfortable conditions in the room are created when the heating temperature of its surface is up to 30-40 C).

At the same time, there are no intense heat flows, the place of which is only in steam rooms, there is no drying out of the air, pronounced upward convective flows that raise dust, which is extremely undesirable for people with allergies.

Another advantage of the latest heating systems based on film electric heaters is the absence of liquid coolant, which poses the threat of leaks and freezing, requiring the installation of complex heating systems, the success of which depends on the circulation of the coolant.

Installation of PLEN is extremely simple and can be done even by an amateur. The main difficulty is preparing the base base and ensuring its proper thermal insulation, eliminating heat loss.

It is even easier to install infrared heating based on infrared wave emitters.

New, but not the newest

At the same time, infrared heating using infrared wave emitters can hardly be called a novelty. These devices have been known for a long time and are widely used as an additional source of heat supply. True, in modern infrared heating systems it is recommended to attach heaters to the ceiling surface, creating a directed radiation flux absorbed by the floor surface and objects located in the heated room.

On the one hand, this is truly an innovative solution that allows you to completely change the principle of heating a room and redistribute heat in the house.

With the usual heating method, the warmest area is the area under the ceiling, and the coldest is the floor, but when installing infrared heaters on the ceiling, the floor surface becomes heated, which creates more comfortable conditions for people.

However, such infrared heaters (unlike PLEN) create an intense heat flow, which cannot be called comfortable. In addition, such thermal radiation from devices installed on the ceiling provides heating not only for objects in the room, but also for... people.

Moreover, the greatest impact of heat occurs on the head (of course, if the person is not in a horizontal position), which can have negative consequences for health.

This means that heating systems based on infrared heaters do not meet the main requirement of the latest heating systems to create the most comfortable conditions for humans and cannot be considered the latest.

What if only partial changes are made to the heating system?

The latest also include heating systems in which only individual elements have been improved, but these changes have improved the environmental situation, reduced the consumption of non-renewable energy resources and (which is especially important for consumers) reduced the amount of payments for their use.

In this regard, the latest include heating systems operating on alternative energy sources, although their operation does not always improve the level of comfort in a heated room, but guarantees a reduction in energy bills.

The leadership in this issue belongs to the heat pump, the operation of which allows the use of low-temperature sources of thermal energy, namely: the heat of the earth, reservoirs and outside air. Indeed, any body whose temperature is different from absolute zero can be cooled, and the heat released can be redirected to heating one’s own home. It is on this principle that modern heat pumps work, cooling the soil at a depth below the freezing point or never-freezing water at the depth of a natural reservoir.

A heating system based on a heat pump is practically no different from a conventional water heating system: the same radiators, pipes, the same circulation pump, but it is recommended to install heated floors, which increases the level of comfort in the house.

Also among the newest are heating systems based on solar collectors, the use of which, in combination with high thermal insulation of buildings, can significantly reduce heating costs.

New or well forgotten old?

The latest heating systems should also include systems that are widely known throughout the world, but have not previously been used in our country, the operation of which greatly simplifies heating a home. An example is air heating, the main advantage of which is the elimination of liquid coolant, which, combined with the ease of installation of the system, makes it especially convenient for heating two-story buildings.

Without the right economic justification, any innovative product will fail completely. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the economic feasibility of installing the C3SS5 thermal element.

We will calculate the payback time and economic effect of using this device for two different cases.

We will make the first calculation taking into account the following conditions:

• The C3SS5 unit is used in a hot water supply system to heat the coolant in an indirect heating boiler.
• The C3SS5 operates at rated power 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
• This system was installed in one of the cities of the Tyumen region.

The price of the Smart Heat C3SS5 thermal element today is quite high - 150 thousand rubles, including the cost of two Hewlett-Packard power supplies necessary for the operation of the installation. At rated power, the device consumes 3 kW of electricity per hour. Working non-stop, the device increases the electricity meter reading by exactly 72 kW/hour per day. The C3SS5 fuel cell is capable of using up to 26,280 kW/h of electrical energy per year.

The cost of one kilowatt-hour of electricity for the population of the Tyumen region in 2015 is 2.25 rubles. By simple multiplication we get the cost of electricity that the heating unit will absorb in a year. And this is neither more nor less, 26280x2.25 = 59130 rubles.

Compensation for the use of the installation’s computing power is 500 rubles per day of use. Consequently, over the course of a year, your QIWI wallet (namely, the company transfers funds to it) will be replenished in the amount of 182,500 rubles.

In order to determine the benefit received, we subtract the cost of purchasing electricity from the compensation amount: 182,500 rubles. - 59130 rub. = 123370 rubles.

Free hot water supply all year round, and even 123,370 rubles in benefits received - a pretty good financial investment. We deliberately use the word “benefit” rather than “profit.” The fact is that in order to make a profit, you must first recoup the cost of the C3SS5 itself. Dividing its price by the amount of financial benefit, we get: 150000/123370 = 1.22 years = 1 year 3 months. Exactly after this period, the device will reach self-sufficiency and in the future will begin to generate a net profit of 338 rubles per day!

We will make the second calculation for Moscow, where the cost of electricity for 2015 is much higher than the national average and amounts to 4.68 rubles per 1 kW/hour (the same single-rate tariff). All other conditions are the same as in the first case. We will not present the calculations made here; we will only say that in this case it will take at least 2.5 years to achieve self-sufficiency.

Of course, these calculations are quite approximate, and the values ​​​​used in them in reality vary widely depending on the operating mode of the installation and the specific method of charging the electricity consumed. And yet, the calculations carried out show the real picture that the use of innovative fuel cells gives. And she is very optimistic, which means C3SS5 is live!

Infrared radiation

The essence of this method is to use the properties of infrared rays. The directed flow heats solid objects exposed to radiation, and they, in turn, increase the temperature of the air in the house.

Equipment Features

Infrared radiation can come from point elements or from surfaces. The required number of devices is calculated. Emitters can be of two types:

• portable;
• stationary.

Stationary radiators are fixed on the ceiling and walls in those places where heating is necessary. The mobile version on a support can be moved within a private home, it can even be used outdoors.

Infrared radiation can also come from surfaces. For this, a special film is used, which is located under the facing layer on the ceiling, walls and ceiling. This technology is new in the development of heating systems.

Advantages and disadvantages

The operation of infrared emitters is associated with both positive and negative aspects. The advantages include:

• quick heating of the room;
• economical energy consumption;
• possibility of moving the device;
• automatic adjustment of heating mode;
• use of a heat source in open areas;
• low cost of infrared equipment.

The purchase and installation of emitters for houses with an area of ​​100 m² can be limited to 30,000 rubles. If film infrared heating is provided, the starting cost threshold will be 160,000 rubles.

The disadvantages of an infrared heating system are that the devices must be located no lower than 1.5 meters from the floor level. This is necessary to ensure that the flooring of the house is not damaged. Prolonged operation of the emitter can lead to overheating.

Infrared floors

These heating systems have only recently appeared on the market, but have already become quite popular due to their efficiency and greater cost-effectiveness than conventional electric heating. Heated floors are powered by electricity and are installed in screed or tile adhesive. Heating elements (carbon, graphite) emit waves of the infrared spectrum, which pass through the floor covering, heat people’s bodies and objects, and from them, in turn, the air is heated.

Self-regulating carbon mats and film can be installed under furniture legs without fear of damage. “Smart” floors regulate temperature thanks to a special property of the heating elements: when overheated, the distance between particles increases, resistance increases, and the temperature decreases. Energy consumption is relatively low. When the infrared floors are turned on, the power consumption is about 116 watts per linear meter, after warming up it decreases to 87 watts. Temperature control is ensured by thermostats, which reduces energy costs by 15-30%.

Infrared carbon mats are convenient, reliable, economical, and easy to install

Modern home insulation technologies

Building a house today involves the use of new methods of insulating buildings with innovative materials.

Using thermal insulating paint Lic Ceramic

This modern material is popularly called nanopaint for insulation. Ultra-thin thermal insulation is the main quality of this material. It is used for insulation of walls, facades, roofs, floors. Innovative material saves heat in the room by 30%. For old buildings, the low weight of the material will be an advantage. There is no additional load on the walls.

Liquid penoizol

Old buildings require careful treatment. Penoizol liquid insulation is supplied under pressure. Fills voids inside walls, foundations and roofs. The appearance of the old building will not be affected. Using a foam-like material, small cracks and defects in the walls are filled. The insulation of the house is carried out with a high degree of reliability.

Penoizol has high sound insulation, low thermal conductivity, and increased fire resistance. House insulation will last 30-50 years.

Foam granule

These are solid foam balls. They call it “crushed foam.”

It is applied like this:

1. Added to concrete. Concrete becomes lighter and has increased thermal insulation.
2. The voids, for example, between brickwork, are filled with foam granules. No additional leveling of walls is required for insulation.

Foil insulation

The material consists of foil and a thermal layer. The foil performs the task of a heat flow reflector. The walls are insulated both outside and inside.

The choice in arranging home heating and insulation is wide and multifaceted. You can choose an option to achieve your goal. The use of new technologies helps create coziness and comfort in the home.

PLEN is a worthy alternative

Film radiant electric heaters are one of the most interesting developments in the field of energy-saving heating technologies. PLEN systems are economical, efficient and quite capable of replacing traditional types of heating. The heaters are placed in a special heat-resistant film. PLEN is mounted on the ceiling.

The film radiant electric heater is a complete structure consisting of power cables, heaters, a foil screen and high-strength film

The principle of operation of such a system

Infrared radiation heats the floor and objects in the rooms, and they, in turn, give off heat to the air. Thus, the floor and furniture also play the role of additional heaters. Due to this, the heating system consumes less electricity and produces maximum results.

Automation is responsible for maintaining the desired temperature - temperature sensors and a thermostat. The systems are electrical and fireproof, do not dry out the indoor air, and operate silently. Since heating occurs primarily by radiation and to a lesser extent by convection, PLENs do not contribute to the spread of dust. The systems are very hygienic.

Another important advantage is the absence of the release of toxic combustion products. The systems do not require special care, are harmless to human health, and do not pollute the environment.

With ceiling infrared heating, the warmest zone is at the level of the legs and torso of a person, which allows you to achieve the most comfortable temperature regime. The service life of the system can be 50 years.

An infrared heater does approximately 10% of the work of heating a room. 90% comes from the floor and large furniture. They accumulate and release heat, thus becoming part of the heating system

What makes PLEN so profitable?

The buyer incurs the greatest expenses at the time of purchasing a film heater. The design is easy to install, and if desired, you can install it yourself. This allows you to save on employees. The system does not require maintenance. Its design is simple, therefore durable and reliable. It pays for itself in about 2 years and can serve for decades.

Its biggest advantage is significant savings on electricity. The heater quickly warms up the room and then simply maintains the set temperature. If necessary, it can be easily removed and mounted in another room, which is very convenient and beneficial in case of moving.

Infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health and activates the body's defenses. By installing PLEN, the owner of the house, in addition to heating, additionally receives a real physiotherapy room

Training film on editing PLEN

The video shows all the stages of installing a film heater:

Budget heating options

In rural areas and remote regions, heating systems for private homes are installed taking into account complicating factors:

• during power outages, any innovations and technological solutions turn into a pile of useless rubbish, the premises cool down;
• it is often necessary to consider options without gas, since the connection is too expensive or technically impossible;
• the price of liquefied gas and related equipment does not allow an owner with low income to arrange autonomous heating;
• limited budget.

Comment. If power outages or voltage surges are observed constantly, it is pointless to buy an uninterruptible power supply unit or an electric generator. The first one may not have enough charge, the second one will not start without the help of the owner. Result: you come home from work and find yourself in a cold house.

In such conditions, a non-volatile heating scheme, implemented in 2 ways, is considered modern:

1. Gravity distribution from pipes of increased diameter is installed, observing slopes in horizontal sections, as was done above in the diagram of a two-story house. The coolant is heated by a stove with a water circuit or a boiler that does not require electricity.
2. A brick oven is being built with access to 3-4 rooms. In a small country house there is a metal or cast iron wood-burning stove.

You can fold a small stove with a tank-boiler with your own hands

The heat source can be a gas boiler with non-volatile automatic equipment such as "", "Lemax", "AOGV" and the like. If there is no gas on the site, you can install a direct combustion solid fuel heat generator controlled by a chain draft regulator.

During the Soviet era, when populated areas were massively supplied with gas, the owners of residential buildings destroyed brick stoves, which wasted space. Now there is a reverse trend - stoves are being restored or built from scratch.

Many modern developers prefer to include a high-quality brick heater into the project and not depend on external factors. If the stove in your home has been preserved, restore it, as shown in the video:

Methods for economical heating of a private home

The amount of energy required to replace lost heat is depends on four factors:

1. location of the house (in colder regions the consumption is higher);
2. size of the building;
3. home energy efficiency;
4. energy efficiency of the heating system.

The first factor is the main one, but it does not depend on you. The colder the weather outside, the more energy is required to maintain a comfortable temperature inside.

Important and house size. A spacious room contains a significant volume of air that needs to be heated. Therefore, a large house requires high heating costs.

An excellent opportunity to save energy and money is to improve the energy efficiency of your home and its heating system. There are several ways to do this:

• choose the optimal type of heating system;
• improve façade insulation;
• repair the heat distribution system (air ducts and pipes);
• Eliminate heat leaks through doors, windows and various cracks.

Evolution of traditional systems and boilers

In Soviet times, when no one was concerned about the cost of energy, heating equipment and systems were quite primitive, although they were made very reliably and lasted for many years. Now priorities have changed, modern energy-saving technologies have become relevant, allowing us to save constantly rising energy prices.

Thanks to this, traditional systems have become more perfect through the introduction of such solutions:

• increasing the efficiency of all boiler systems, excluding electric ones, since their efficiency is already very high (98-99%);
• the use of new materials and technologies for the manufacture of heating radiators;
• introduction of modern automation equipment that controls the operation of systems depending on weather conditions and time of day, including remotely;
• the use of low-temperature heating networks - water-heated floors with automatic heating control;
• implementation of heat recovery from exhaust air during air heating of buildings (recovery).

A striking example of energy-saving gas equipment are condensing boilers, where the most modern heat exchangers are installed. The fact is that when methane burns, water is formed, which immediately evaporates in the burner flame and thus takes away part of the heat generated. The heat exchanger of a condensing boiler is designed to cause vapor to condense and release this energy back. Due to this innovative solution, the efficiency of the heat generator reaches 96%.

Burner devices have also undergone changes; now they can independently dose the amount of fuel and air, as well as automatically change the combustion intensity. This also applies to solid fuel boilers that burn wood pellets. Thanks to the purity of this type of solid fuel, complete automation of the process and developed heat exchange surface, a modern pellet boiler can operate with an efficiency of up to 85%.

Increasing the efficiency of conventional wood-burning boilers for heating private houses can only be achieved by extracting heat from flue gases; the average figure for these units is 70-75%.

Modern heating devices are made from the best heat-conducting materials - aluminum alloy and steel, although retro-style cast iron batteries still have many fans. A real novelty in the field of heating are water baseboard convectors, made of copper plates and very efficiently transferring heat to the premises of a private home.

Heat pumps

These are devices for transferring thermal energy from a source to a coolant. The idea of ​​a heat pump system itself is not new; it was proposed by Lord Kelvin back in 1852.

How it works: A geothermal heat pump takes heat from the environment and transfers it to the heating system. The systems can also work to cool buildings.

Working principle of a heat pump

There are open and closed cycle pumps. In the first case, the installations take water from an underground stream, transfer it to the heating system, remove thermal energy and return it to the point of collection. In the second, a coolant is pumped through special pipes in the reservoir, which transfers/takes heat from the water. The pump can use the thermal energy of water, earth, air.

The advantage of the systems is that they can be installed in houses not connected to gas supply. Heat pumps are complex and expensive to install, but they allow you to save on energy costs during operation.

The heat pump is designed to use environmental heat in heating systems

Steam heating

In accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”, the use of steam systems is prohibited in residential and public buildings. The reason is the unsafety of this type of space heating. Heating appliances reach temperatures of almost 100°C, which can cause burns.

Installation is complex, requires skills and special knowledge; during operation, difficulties arise with regulating heat transfer; when filling the system with steam, noise is possible. Today, steam heating is used to a limited extent: in industrial and non-residential premises, in pedestrian crossings, and heating points. Its advantages are relative low cost, low inertia, compact heating elements, high heat transfer, and no heat loss. All this led to the popularity of steam heating until the mid-twentieth century; later it was replaced by water heating. However, in enterprises where steam is used for production needs, it is still widely used for heating premises.

Steam heating boiler

Geothermal installation

Its operating principle is similar to the hydrothermal option. The difference is that the heat of the earth is used, not water.

Equipment Features

Laying the outer contour can be done both vertically and horizontally. The vertical arrangement is due to a number of difficulties during the installation process. For pipes it is necessary to drill wells to great depths. But there are two negative aspects associated with horizontal laying:

• a large area of ​​private land is required to accommodate the circuit;
• it is impossible to plant plants because the collector will cool their roots.

In both cases, heat is taken directly from the soil near a private building. The geothermal pump responsible for pumping the coolant is located in the house itself. The shaft with the heat exchanger should be located in close proximity to the building.

Advantages of using earth's heat

This system has the following advantages:

• The thermal energy of the earth is an inexhaustible source of energy;
• autonomous operation of the system;
• absolute fire safety, no risk of fire;
• minimal energy consumption;
• there is no need for fuel delivery and storage;
• long service life.

The high cost of the object is the main disadvantage. A geothermal installation for the same square footage as in the previous case will increase to 600 thousand rubles.

Traditional heating systems

Most often, water or various antifreeze liquids that circulate through pipes are used for heating. The liquid is heated using gas boilers, which can operate on liquid, solid and gas fuels. Recently, electrodes have been used as heating elements.

Water heating is popular due to the availability and efficiency of the coolant among owners of cottages and other suburban housing. The water system is easy to install yourself. The positive thing is that the volume of water in the system remains constant.

The disadvantages of water heating are the long time it takes to warm up the room, possible leaks and pipe ruptures. Do not turn off the water system in winter, as the water will freeze and burst the pipes.

Electric heating

This is the most reliable and easiest-to-use type of heating. If the house area is no more than 100 m2, electricity is a good option, but heating a larger area is not economically viable.

Electric heating can be used as additional heating in case of shutdown or repair of the main system. This is also a good solution for country houses in which the owners live only periodically. Electric fan heaters, infrared and oil heaters are used as additional heat sources.

Convectors, electric fireplaces, electric boilers, and heated floor power cables are used as heating devices. Each type has its own limitations. Thus, convectors heat rooms unevenly. Electric fireplaces are more suitable as a decorative element, and the operation of electric boilers requires significant energy consumption. Warm floors are installed taking into account the furniture arrangement plan in advance, because moving it may damage the power cable.

Scheme of traditional and electric heating of buildings

Priorities of modern developments

In modern developments of heating systems, engineers focus on the following factors:

• ease of installation work;
• compactness of the system;
• high efficiency (efficiency);
• low cost;
• ensuring good indoor humidity levels;
• low cost per calorie of heat;
• use of harmless materials;
• high safety when operating equipment at maximum loads.

It is in these directions that all new developments that appear on the energy market are moving forward. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages, so the specific type of heating is selected based on the area of ​​the house, insulation of the floor, walls and ceiling, seasonality of heating, purpose of the room (living, work, cottage, etc.).

Varieties of new technologies in heating private houses

The constant rise in heating prices encourages people to resort to alternative sources. Developments in this area make it possible to utilize natural resources such as sun, water and land. Also, new technologies are introducing entire home heating complexes.

Which heating system to choose? To answer this question, it is necessary to study all the features of the work and determine the conditions for proper functioning. Also an important factor is the profitability and feasibility of the chosen type.

New technologies using alternative coolants are replacing those familiar to all gas and electric heating systems. There are four types of systems depending on the source:

• hydrothermal;
• geothermal;
• solar;
• infrared.

Let's take a closer look at them.

Vacuum solar collectors

This method of obtaining thermal energy consists in the fact that a vacuum solar collector absorbs light solar energy and converts it into heat, which heats the coolant. It consists of a complex of vacuum tubes that change the energy of the sun by transferring heat from the absorption coating of the inside of the tube to the coolant contained in the heat exchanger. This type of collector works like a thermos tube. This allows them to be used during the winter season. The principle of operation of the collector: solar radiation hits the collector plane, passes through the vacuum between the tubes and hits a special coating applied inside the second thermos tube. This coating has properties that allow it to heat up intensely, and at the same time the vacuum pipe heats up, from which the heat is transferred to the coolant.

Wind energy

Wind energy can be converted into electricity using wind turbines (wind generators). Their power depends on the purpose of use: industrial or domestic. The former can be used by large private or public enterprises. As a rule, devices are installed not individually, but at least 10-20 at a time. This is how a wind power plant turns out. For personal use, one device is enough.

The big difference between wind power plants and conventional nuclear and thermal power plants is that they do not require initial raw materials for operation, and also do not have waste

The most important thing is a wind of at least 5 m/s according to average annual indicators. The power of the installation not for personal use can reach 7−8 mW

This innovation makes it possible to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy.

Wind generators are divided into two types:

• vertical (their operation does not depend on the direction of the wind);
• horizontal (must be installed strictly facing the wind).

The maximum efficiency of wind generators reaches 60%, but the average value is 40−50%.

How to insulate a facade

Insulation of the facade in the form of its insulation is the main protection of the house from heat loss through the building body

Therefore, it is very important to insulate the largest area of ​​the house - the facade walls. Insulating materials reduce heat loss by providing a barrier between the inside of the home and the significantly different temperatures outside

Homes use different types of insulation. The most common ones- polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and fiberglass.

Polyurethane foam

Foam insulation is spray or injection foam.

• Spray foam in a liquid state, it is distributed in the open spaces of the new house construction. After this, the foam expands, fills the cavity and hardens.
• Injection foam pumped into existing cracks, crevices or other voids in the walls. This makes such polyurethane foam indispensable for repairing the insulation of existing houses.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene happens with open or closed cells.

• Open cell polystyrene foam very light and flexible. When polystyrene foam foams, the gas inside the cells escapes through holes in the cell wall. This process creates a lightweight, flexible shape that compacts as it hardens.
• Closed cell polystyrene foam has a much denser and heavier structure. It forms a dense surface that is more resistant to weathering and temperature changes.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass is made from soda, limestone, sand and crushed glass and comes in slabs or rolls. It is placed in unfinished walls, floors and ceilings between studs, beams and joists. Due to its fibrous structure, this material is excellent keeps air inside and prevents heat loss.

Photo 1. A piece of fiberglass. It is one of the most popular materials for home insulation.

How to heat a house with heat pumps in winter and summer

Heat pumps are devices for transferring warm air using an electric pump. In winter, warm air is separated from the cold outdoors and spreads inside the house. In summer, the heat pump changes the direction of flow and the warm air from the room is carried outside. Heat pumps use forced air systems to distribute heated air throughout the home.

Exists two types heat pumps.

Geothermal

Geothermal pumps pump warm air from a pipeline placed underground. The temperature in such a source stable all year round.

In geothermal pumps, the collector circuit is a coil buried in long, shallow holes or in vertical wells.

The efficiency of heat pumps is often sometimes more than 100%, because they use electricity not to create heat, but to move it.

Air

Heat pumps with air heat source use outside air as a heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. These heat pumps look and install just like a central air conditioner.

What are modern heating systems like?

If you try to answer this question in a few words, the answer will be simple: effective. economical. reliable. safe. environmentally friendly .

Efficiency heating systems have been improved in recent years in two ways. Firstly, innovation and improvement in the design of heating boilers has increased their Efficiency and energy efficiency. A modern boiler is smaller, more productive and more convenient to use than its counterpart from five to ten years ago. Another direction for increasing efficiency is improvement thermal insulation materials. used in construction. Less heat loss occurs in the heating system elements. Progress in microelectronics has made available computer control systems heating, which also increase the output of the system.

Economical heating is achieved both by its efficiency and by “smart” system control. Now it is quite possible to build heating with independent temperature control in every room. There are also so-called “weather-dependent” systems. which change the operating mode not only depending on the temperature in the room, but also depending on the temperature outside. These same systems are able to switch system operating modes depending on the time of day, day of the week and even season, without wasting fuel on heating the house at night or in the absence of residents.

Reliability and safety Heating costs have increased many times over the last decade or two thanks to the use of new materials and control electronics. New materials(plastics and metal-plastics, bimetallic “sandwiches”), connection methods system elements and their installation increased the estimated service life of parts and assemblies. Control electronics monitors the operation of the system, does not allow abnormal operating modes and reminds of the need for preventive maintenance and maintenance of the system. Now some systems even allow an engineer to remotely connect to the control unit and diagnose and reconfigure the system.

Environmental friendliness of a system is determined by its efficiency and use as a renewable heat source. We'll talk about them later.

The capabilities of a modern heating system are not limited to just heating the house. It can also serve hot water source for household and technical needs. It can power thermal curtains that isolate doorways from cold air from outside. Heating can also warm up the roof and porch of your home and even nearby walkways, saving you the trouble of clearing snow and ice from them.

Monolithic quartz modules

This heating method has no analogues. It was invented by S. Sargsyan. The operating principle of thermal electric heaters is based on the ability of quartz sand to accumulate and release heat well. The devices continue to heat the air in the room even after the power is turned off. Systems with monolithic quartz electric heating modules are reliable, easy to use, and do not require special care and maintenance.

The heating element in the module is completely protected from any external influences. Thanks to this, the heating system can be installed in premises of any purpose. The service life is not limited. Temperature regulation is carried out automatically. The devices are fireproof and environmentally friendly.

Cost savings when using electric heating modules are about 50%. This became possible because the devices do not operate 24 hours a day, but only 3-12. The time during which the module consumes electricity depends on the degree of thermal insulation of the room where it is installed. The higher the heat loss, the greater the energy consumption. Heating of this type is used in private homes, offices, shops, and hotels.

Monolithic quartz electric heating modules do not make noise during operation, do not burn air, and do not raise dust. The heating element is embedded in the structure and is not afraid of any external influences

Solar panels

Using solar energy for heating is the most inexpensive and accessible way. The main task is to convert sunlight into heat with minimal losses.

System design

The main element of such a system is the solar collector. This is a device consisting of tubes that lead to a coolant reservoir. There are vacuum, air and flat collectors. In addition to them, the composition includes the following units:

• heat exchanger;
• storage tank;
• pipeline;
• front camera.

A storage tank is a container with heated coolant. From the top of the container, liquid is supplied to the heating devices. After passing through the entire heating circuit, the cooled coolant again enters the tank.

The anterior chamber serves to prevent air retention in the heating pipeline. It is a tank that is located at the highest point of the system. Collectors must be installed at an angle of 35–40°. This slope will ensure maximum efficiency. To minimize heat losses, all pipelines leading from the collector to the heat exchanger must be insulated.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is worth noting the main advantages of a solar battery:

• high efficiency;
• long service life - more than 25 years;
• ease of maintenance;
• independence from low air temperatures.

But it is still better to use batteries as an additional source of heat for private homes. In winter, the sun's energy will not be enough to accumulate the required amount of heat. During periods of increased cloudiness, your home may also remain cold. New technologies make it possible to combine several types of heating into one complex, and solar panels can be combined with a geothermal installation or infrared radiation.

Disadvantages also include very high prices for solar collectors and equipment. To heat a 100 m² house, installing solar panels will cost approximately 900,000 rubles.

Advantages of the system

Let's start with the positive qualities of such a heating system:

Film for installation under the baseboard

• Since there is no air convection, dust particles do not rise from objects and are not spread throughout the entire area of ​​the room.
• Infrared heat is perfectly perceived by the human body. In this case, the temperature is evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the room, so that warm air does not accumulate under the ceiling.
• Walls and other enclosing structures where baseboard radiators are installed become heated. Therefore, heat loss is sharply reduced. In addition, the walls will always be dry, which means that neither mold nor mildew will ever become a reason for new repairs.
• Simplicity of the installation process. Installing and connecting such a system into one circuit is not a problem, and even a non-professional can handle this process. Especially it concerns. At the same time, the radiators are small in size and presentable in appearance. So they will in no way be able to spoil the interior design in which they are installed.
• Good fuel economy due to low coolant temperature. Experts say that it can reach up to 40% when compared with the classic water heating scheme using traditional batteries.
• High maintainability rate. Moreover, electrical systems are much easier to repair than water ones. It is enough to remove the box and replace the lower tube, which usually fails, with a new one. However, electric baseboard radiators can operate for decades if used correctly. So you don't have to worry about this issue.
• If you equip the distribution manifold with thermostats, you can easily control the distribution of heat in the rooms. For example, a high temperature in the living room at night is not needed, which means that in this room it can be lowered by reducing the coolant supply. At the same time, the temperature in the bedroom needs to be raised, which means it is necessary to redistribute the coolant flow so that it goes to the bedrooms.

By the way, using baseboard heating in summer you can reduce the temperature inside the room. True, instead of hot water, the system must be filled with cold. The “sticking” effect also applies in this case, so the walls will begin to cool.

Solar panels

Working principle of solar heating

When describing modern methods of obtaining energy to heat a house, one cannot fail to mention solar heating. In this case, both photovoltaic panels and solar collectors are used for heating.

Note!
The low energy efficiency of photovoltaic panels (efficiency less than 20%) has become the reason that they are almost completely replaced by collector-type batteries. .

The principle of operation of the collector

A heating system powered by solar energy includes the following elements:

• The collector itself is an installation of a series of tubes connected to a reservoir filled with coolant. According to the type of design, flat, vacuum and air collectors are distinguished. The design diagram of the collector is shown in the photo.
• The circuit through which the coolant enters the system where thermal energy is collected.
• A thermal accumulator is a water tank in which energy conversion occurs.
• Sometimes a pump is also added to this system, providing forced circulation of the coolant throughout the circuit for more efficient energy exchange.

Solar powered system

Efficient use of solar collectors

In order for home heating using this technology to be as efficient as possible, a number of recommendations must be followed:

Correct installation ensures maximum energy flow

• Firstly, solar heating can be used as the main one only when there are at least 18-20 sunny days per month in your region. If this indicator is lower, then it is imperative to install a backup heating system.
• Secondly, the collectors must be placed as high as possible and oriented in such a way that they receive the maximum amount of sunlight. In this case, it is important to distribute the elements so that the flow of energy throughout the daylight hours is relatively uniform.
• The optimal installation angle of collectors relative to the horizon is 30-450.
• Pipes connecting the collectors to the heat exchanger must be insulated to reduce energy losses.

Alternative types of heating systems

Gravity heating scheme.

Innovative methods of heating private houses are distinguished by safety during operation, efficiency, and compactness.

New heating systems for individual suburban housing allow you to change the power of heating devices in the system according to the wishes of the owner.

New heating systems use high-quality pipelines of a new generation, updates in system wiring, which improve economic performance.

Avant-garde heating systems are designed in such a way that it is possible to adjust the supply of coolant to actual weather conditions and taking into account the time of day. New heating systems provide for the installation of special regulators with a timer, which is programmed to automatically turn on/off to maintain the set temperature at night. Thermostatic valves are installed on radiators to regulate the temperature in each room of a private house.

Alternative and economical heating systems include:

• heating using solar energy;
• Heat pump;
• vacuum solar collectors;
• heating using propane-butane;
• infrared heaters;
• film radiant electric heaters - PLEN;
• heating system "".

Infrared heating is one of the most economical methods

The infrared spectrum is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This form of radiated heat is the most basic. This is the same 100% natural type of heat, which is emitted and absorbed by the human body every day.

It is almost impossible to distinguish an electrical system from a water one by appearance. This is still the same aluminum box, which is heated by the same copper tubes. True, the supply pipes are not visible. But the internal content is completely different. The top tube houses an electrical cable that supplies current. The cable is well insulated with silicone filler. A heat cable in the form of an air heating element is installed in the lower tube. The power of one linear meter of heating element is 200 watts.

Installing such radiators is as easy as shelling pears, and to connect to the AC mains you will need a regular outlet. If you correctly calculate the power of one electric radiator and take the required length of the heating element, then you can heat a small room with one such battery.

Attention! Manufacturers do everything to provide maximum protection for electric baseboard radiators. But experts do not recommend installing them in damp areas of the house.

Water heating

This is a closed heating system; it uses water or antifreeze as a coolant. Water is supplied through pipes from the heat source to the heating radiators. In centralized systems, the temperature is regulated at the heating point, and in individual systems - automatically (using thermostats) or manually (with taps).

Types of water systems

Depending on the type of connection of heating devices, systems are divided into:

• single-pipe,
• two-pipe,
• bifilar (two-furnace).

According to the wiring method, they are distinguished:

• top;
• lower;
• vertical;
• horizontal heating system.

In single-pipe systems, the heating devices are connected in series. To compensate for the heat loss that occurs when water sequentially passes from one radiator to another, heating devices with different heat transfer surfaces are used. For example, cast iron batteries with a large number of sections can be used. In two-pipe systems, a parallel connection scheme is used, which allows the installation of identical radiators.

The hydraulic mode can be constant or variable. In bifilar systems, heating devices are connected in series, as in single-pipe ones, but the conditions for heat transfer of radiators are the same as in two-pipe ones. Convectors, steel or cast iron radiators are used as heating devices.

Scheme of two-pipe water heating of a country house

Advantages and disadvantages

Water heating is widespread due to the availability of coolant

Another advantage is the ability to install a heating system with your own hands, which is important for our compatriots who are accustomed to relying only on their own strength. However, if the budget does not allow saving, it is better to entrust the design and installation of heating to specialists

This will save you from many problems in the future - leaks, breakthroughs, etc. Disadvantages - freezing of the system when switched off, long time to warm up the premises. Special requirements are placed on the coolant. The water in the systems must be free of foreign impurities, with a minimum content of salts.

To heat the coolant, any type of boiler can be used: solid, liquid fuel, gas or electricity. Most often, gas boilers are used, which requires connection to the main line. If this is not possible, then solid fuel boilers are usually installed. They are more economical than designs that run on electricity or liquid fuel.

If the ceiling height is more than 3 m, the house has large windows, there are additional consumers, or the rooms are not well insulated, all these nuances must be taken into account in the calculations.

Closed house heating system

Warm floor system

Underfloor heating technology is a convenient and economical system for heating a room. Modern installations use advanced materials. Lightweight and durable polymer materials are used for the manufacture of pipelines.

The basis of a warm electric floor is a heating cable. The main thing in this type of heating is the quality of the cable, on which the efficiency of the system and its service life depend.
Warm floors using water do not emit harmful substances or electromagnetic radiation. Water is a cheap and heat-intensive coolant. A pipeline network through which the liquid flows is installed between the base and the floor covering. Compared to the electric "warm floor" system, this type of heating is much cheaper.

The energy supply policy pursued in recent years involves a transition to renewable energy sources. Increasingly, not gas and coal are used to produce electricity, but sun, wind, and water energy. These are environmentally friendly energy sources that do not pollute the environment with emissions and discharges.

About warm floors and air heating

Widely used underfloor heating systems cannot be called all that new. But they have proven themselves to be very economical in practice, and here’s why:

• the coolant in the heated floor circuits heats up to no more than 45 °C;
• heating of the room occurs over the entire surface of the floor;
• the system is well controlled by modern automation tools;
• the heated screed retains heat for a long time after the heating is turned off.

Note. In addition to the fact that a warm floor effectively uses heat, it supplies it to the lower zone of the room, which is very comfortable for the people there.

Modern solutions in terms of air heating of buildings consist in not losing the heat spent on heating the ventilation air. Heat is removed from the exhaust air by special heat exchangers - recuperators. These are truly innovations in heating, since they are able to recover up to 80% of the expended energy and transfer it to the supply air, significantly saving energy.

conclusions

It is a well-known fact: the more efficient an innovation in a heating system is, the more expensive it is, although it requires lower operating costs. Conversely, high-tech electric heating systems that are cheap to install force us to pay subsequently for the electricity consumed. Heat pumps are so expensive that they are inaccessible to most citizens of the post-Soviet space.

The second reason why homeowners gravitate towards traditional systems is the direct dependence of modern heating equipment on the availability of electricity. For residents of remote areas, this fact plays a big role, which is why they prefer to build brick stoves and heat their houses with wood.

The desire to save energy is an urgent need for humanity. There are fewer and fewer resources left on our planet, their cost is constantly rising, and the by-products of human activity are poisoning the environment. Energy saving is one of the ways to solve the problem. By choosing energy-saving heating for your home, you save resources, make a personal contribution to preserving the environment and create a comfortable microclimate in your home. There are several popular technologies that allow you to implement this complex program. We offer an overview of energy-saving heating systems for a private home.

Types of energy sources

Traditionally, several energy sources are used for heating:

Solid fuel – a tribute to traditions

For heating, wood, coal, peat briquettes, and pellets are used. Solid fuel boilers and stoves can hardly be called economical or environmentally friendly, but the use of new technologies can significantly reduce fuel consumption and, as a consequence, the amount of combustion products emitted into the atmosphere.

In recent years, the number of sales of gas-fired furnaces and boilers has been increasing. Their advantages are complete combustion of fuel and the use of pyrolysis gas as a heat source. Installing such a boiler saves energy resources. We recommend purchasing such solid fuel boilers from trusted retailers.

The operating principle of a pyrolysis (gas generator) boiler is based on the use of pyrolysis gas, which is used as fuel. The wood in such a boiler does not burn, but smolders, due to which a portion of the fuel burns much longer than usual and produces more heat.

Liquid fuel is expensive, but popular

These are liquefied gas, diesel fuel, waste oil, etc. Heating a home always consumes a large amount of liquid fuel, and no methods have yet been invented to significantly reduce consumption. This heating equipment requires careful maintenance, regular cleaning of soot and soot.

Most types of liquid fuel have another drawback - high cost. And yet, despite the obvious shortcomings, they are in second place in popularity after gas ones.

Liquid fuel boilers are convenient in cases where there is no gas pipeline near the house and you need to install a completely independent heating system

Gas is available and cheap

In traditional gas boilers, fuel consumption is high, but condensing models have solved this problem. Their installation allows you to obtain maximum heat with minimal gas consumption. The efficiency of condensing boilers can reach more than 100%. Many models of well-known brands can be converted to run on liquefied gas. To do this you just need to change the nozzle. Another energy-saving option is infrared gas heating.

Condensing boilers are a new word in the production of gas heating equipment. They consume fuel economically, are highly efficient, and are ideal for heating and hot water supply in private homes.

Read more about gas boilers.

Electricity is a convenient and safe source of heat

The only disadvantage of using electricity for heating is the high cost. However, this issue is being resolved: electric heating systems are constantly being developed that consume a relatively small amount of energy and provide efficient heating. Such systems include film heaters and infrared radiators.

Warm floors are most often used as an additional or alternative heating system for a home. The advantage of this type of heating is that the air is heated at the level of human height, i.e. the principle “feet warm, head cold” is implemented

Heat pumps – economical and environmentally friendly installations

The systems operate on the principle of converting the thermal energy of the earth or air. The first heat pumps began to be installed in private homes back in the 80s of the twentieth century, but at that time only very wealthy people could afford them.

Every year the cost of installations becomes lower and lower, and in many countries they have become very popular. Thus, in Sweden, heat pumps heat about 70% of all buildings. Some countries are even developing building codes obliging developers to install geothermal and air heating systems.

Heat pumps are installed by residents of the USA, Japan, Sweden and other European countries. Some craftsmen assemble them with their own hands. This is a great way to get energy to heat your home and save the environment

Solar systems are a promising source of energy

Solar thermal systems convert radiant solar energy for heating and hot water. Today, there are several types of systems that use solar panels and collectors. They differ in cost, production complexity, and ease of use.

Every year more and more new developments appear, the capabilities of solar systems are expanding, and prices for structures are falling. While it is unprofitable to install them for large industrial buildings, they are quite suitable for heating and hot water supply of a private home.

Solar thermal systems require only initial costs - purchase and installation. Once installed and configured, they work autonomously. Solar energy is used for heating

Thermal panels – energy-saving heating

Among energy-saving heating systems, thermal panels are becoming especially popular. Their advantages are economical energy consumption, functionality, and ease of use. The heating element consumes 50 Watts of electricity to warm up per 1 m², while traditional electric heating systems consume at least 100 Watts per 1 m².

A special heat-accumulating coating is applied to the back side of the energy-saving panel, due to which the surface heats up to 90 degrees and actively releases heat. Heating of the room occurs due to convection. The panels are absolutely reliable and safe. They can be installed in children's rooms, playrooms, schools, hospitals, private homes, and offices. They are adapted to voltage fluctuations in the electrical network and are not afraid of water and dust.

An additional “bonus” is the stylish appearance. The devices fit into any design. Installation is not difficult; all necessary fasteners are supplied with the panels. From the first minutes of turning on the device, you can feel the warmth. In addition to the air, the walls warm up. The only negative is that using panels is unprofitable in the off-season, when you only need to slightly heat the room.

Monolithic quartz modules

This heating method has no analogues. It was invented by S. Sargsyan. The operating principle of thermal electric heaters is based on the ability of quartz sand to accumulate and release heat well. The devices continue to heat the air in the room even after the power is turned off. Systems with monolithic quartz electric heating modules are reliable, easy to use, and do not require special care and maintenance.

The heating element in the module is completely protected from any external influences. Thanks to this, the heating system can be installed in premises of any purpose. The service life is not limited. Temperature regulation is carried out automatically. The devices are fireproof and environmentally friendly.

Cost savings when using electric heating modules are about 50%. This became possible because the devices do not operate 24 hours a day, but only 3-12. The time during which the module consumes electricity depends on the degree of thermal insulation of the room where it is installed. The higher the heat loss, the greater the energy consumption. Heating of this type is used in private homes, offices, shops, and hotels.

Monolithic quartz electric heating modules do not make noise during operation, do not burn air, and do not raise dust. The heating element is embedded in the structure and is not afraid of any external influences

PLEN is a worthy alternative

Film radiant electric heaters are one of the most interesting developments in the field of energy-saving heating technologies. economical, efficient and quite capable of replacing traditional types of heating. The heaters are placed in a special heat-resistant film. PLEN is mounted on the ceiling.

The film radiant electric heater is a complete structure consisting of power cables, heaters, a foil screen and high-strength film

The principle of operation of such a system

Infrared radiation heats the floor and objects in the rooms, and they, in turn, give off heat to the air. Thus, the floor and furniture also play the role of additional heaters. Due to this, the heating system consumes less electricity and produces maximum results.

Automation is responsible for maintaining the desired temperature - temperature sensors and a thermostat. The systems are electrical and fireproof, do not dry out the indoor air, and operate silently. Since heating occurs primarily by radiation and to a lesser extent by convection, PLENs do not contribute to the spread of dust. The systems are very hygienic.

Another important advantage is the absence of the release of toxic combustion products. The systems do not require special care, are harmless to human health, and do not poison the environment. With ceiling infrared heating, the warmest zone is at the level of the legs and torso of a person, which allows you to achieve the most comfortable temperature regime. The service life of the system can be 50 years.

An infrared heater does approximately 10% of the work of heating a room. 90% comes from the floor and large furniture. They accumulate and release heat, thus becoming part of the heating system

What makes PLEN so profitable?

The buyer incurs the greatest expenses at the time of purchasing a film heater. The design is easy to install, and if desired, you can install it yourself. This allows you to save on employees. The system does not require maintenance. Its design is simple, therefore durable and reliable. It pays for itself in about 2 years and can serve for decades.

Its biggest advantage is significant savings on electricity. The heater quickly warms up the room and then simply maintains the set temperature. If necessary, it can be easily removed and mounted in another room, which is very convenient and beneficial in case of moving.

Infrared radiation has a positive effect on human health and activates the body's defenses. By installing PLEN, the owner of the house, in addition to heating, additionally receives a real physiotherapy room

Training film on editing PLEN

The video shows all the stages of installing a film heater:

The importance of reducing heat loss

The purpose of the review of energy-saving heating systems for a private home is to help readers choose the most profitable method of heating their home. New systems appear every year, and information about them can save many people significant amounts of money. But even the most advanced energy-saving heating technologies will be useless if you do not take care of home insulation in a timely manner.

Good double-glazed windows and insulated doors will help reduce heat loss by 10-20%, a high-quality heat insulator - up to 50%, and a heat recuperator for exhaust air - up to 30%. By insulating your house and installing an energy-saving heating system, you will achieve maximum results and pay for heat at a minimum.