Hello. Should you put a comma after "According to preliminary information," "According to preliminary information,"? "According to preliminary information, seven children were injured as a result of the accident."

	Question number 294361

Hello! Please tell me if a comma is needed in this sentence: By prior agreement (,) a car with a volume of 120m3 must be filled in full.

Russian language help desk response

This comma is optional.

	Question No. 292392

Hello! Please tell me if the introductory combinations "by data" are always distinguished with the indication of the date, month and year, for example: According to data for January-March 2017; As of January 1, 2017; As of the fourth quarter of 2016. Why am I asking this question? Because in the media the comma is 50/50. How is it correct? Thanks.

Russian language help desk response

ONDATA / INFORMATION (who, what, whose),as part of the introductory combination

Introductory combinations "according to (someone, something, someone else's)", "according to (someone, something, someone else's)", as well as introductory combinations "according to available / unofficial / preliminary. .. data "," according to available / unofficial / preliminary ... information "are isolated. For details on punctuation for introductory words and combinations, see App. 2.

Excuse me, Andrei Ivanovich, in Moscow, according to last census, more than two million inhabitants? I. Ilf, E. Petrov, Twelve Chairs. According to commandant's office, the name of the captain is Nikolaev, the name of the lieutenant is Sentsov. V. Bogomolov, Moment of Truth. Met Speransky. Says that, according to information "Russian Vedomosti", a German commission is going to Petersburg ... I. Bunin, Cursed Days. According to available data, in the depths of its defense, a regrouping takes place. E. Kazakevich, Star. The military commissar ... added that, according to preliminary data, within the first hour after the radio news about the beginning of the war, the military registration and enlistment offices received thousands of applications from volunteers... A. Chakovsky, Blockade. Reportedly Germany at three o'clock in the morning announced a general mobilization. L. Sobolev, Overhaul.

! Do not mix with the use as members of the proposal.

The name itself spoke of their plans - to throw us into the sea. According to intelligence we knew about it. L. Brezhnev, Small Land. According to about the collegiate assessor Kuchelbecker, who is looking for the rebel by the Imperial command, it is known that his sister is married to the Smolensk landowner Glinka ... Yu. Tynyanov, Kyukhlya.

	Question No. 281101

"According to preliminary assessment (,) ...". Is a comma necessary if the turnover is at the beginning of a sentence?

Russian language help desk response

Yes, you need to put a comma.

	Question No. 281025

Do you need a comma after "pre-release"?
According to the preliminary version, the fire broke out due to careless handling of the fire.

Russian language help desk response

Yes, a comma is needed.

Diploma, finally explain in what cases "government" is written with a capital and a lowercase letter?
For example, is this sentence correct? "According to preliminary calculations in the government ...".

Russian language help desk response

The linguists' recommendations are as follows. Government is written with a capital letter as the first word of the official name of the governing body of executive power in the Russian Federation (as well as in the republics - subjects of the Russian Federation): Government of the Russian Federation, Government of the Republic of Dagestan, Government of the Udmurt Republic. But: the government of Moscow, the government of St. Petersburg, the government of the Sverdlovsk region. True, in practice, in official documents the word Government spelled with a capital letter regardless of the government of which constituent entity of the Federation we are talking about.

When used unofficially (for example, in a newspaper article), the spelling is correct with a lowercase (unless, of course, this is the publication of an official document).

	Question No. 268204

Does the phrase "For preliminary information" that opens a sentence require a comma? Or, please give a link to similar cases in the Information Desk.

Russian language help desk response

Yes, a comma is put. Similar cases can be found by the keyword "information", "information", "data", etc.

	Question No. 257522

Good afternoon. It is very interesting to know what is the meaning hidden in the phraseological unit "Movement to the right begins with the left foot"? Thank you in advance for your response.

Russian language help desk response

These are the words of Alexander Galich from the poem "Waltz, Dedicated to the Charter of the Guard Service" ("The Generation of the Doomed"). The words are clear in the context of the poem:

Oh, the woolen beauty of the charter -
And in a dream I could not forget
That any movement to the right
It starts from the left leg.

And then in multi-colored stripes
We brought the guard to become,
And they married all sorts of bastards
To make up for everything as soon as possible.

And on Red Square, chalet,
We walked - with glory to "you" -
He smiled at us from the mausoleum,
And the guards threw flowers.

Oh, as a step we typed bravo,
How easily we forgave debts! ..
Forgetting that the movement to the right
It starts from the left leg.

And quotes from the charter:

Movement with a combat step begins at the command "Combat step ─ MARSH" (in movement with "Combat step ─ MARCH"), and movement with a marching step ─ at the command "Step ─ MARSH". On the preliminary command, move the body forward slightly, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot in full stride.

Turns in motion are performed according to the commands: "Direction-VO", "Nale-VO", "Around ─ MARCH". To turn to the right (left), the executive command is given simultaneously with placing the right (left) foot on the ground. At this command, take a step from the left (right) leg, turn on the toe of the left (right) leg, simultaneously with the turn, bring the right (left) leg forward and continue moving in a new direction.

	Question No. 242307

Please tell me, can I say, "estimated cost"? It seems to me that you just need a "estimate". Am I right? The proposal itself is written as follows: "According to preliminary calculations, the estimated cost will be ..."
And yet, can the equipment be both MORAL and PHYSICALLY OUTDATE, or is it necessary to write one thing?
I am looking forward to your reply very urgently! Thanks!

Russian language help desk response

That's right: the estimated cost, morally and physically obsolete equipment.

	Question No. 233334

Hello. Do I need to separate the following expressions with commas: according to the preliminary version, at first glance? Thanks.

Russian language help desk response

The words _ according to the preliminary version_ are separated. For the words _at first glance_ see answer no.

	Question No. 216765

Do you need any sign after the words "experienced specialists"? Experienced specialist dermatologists conduct appointments by appointment.

Russian language help desk response

Correct: _Experienced specialists - doctors-dermatologists conduct appointments by appointment._

	Question No. 216542

On weekends by appointment. Is the punctuation correct? Thanks.

Russian language help desk response

An accurate answer requires context. Without context, both the suggested spelling is possible, and with a dash after the word _exit_.

	Question number 213166

According to preliminary data (), in 2006, 804 thousand square meters of housing were commissioned in Kuzbass.

Russian language help desk response

A comma is required after the word _data_.

	Question number 211874

As a preliminary conclusion, the cause of the fire is a short circuit. Is it introductory on a preliminary conclusion? Thanks.

Russian language help desk response

Yes, these words can be considered as introductory words that indicate the meaning of the source of the message and are separated by commas.

are commas needed and why? "at the same time _, _ according to preliminary data _, _ the growth dynamics in the current month is as follows ..." and got the best answer

Answer from Galina Avanesova [guru]
Your boss was wrong. You are right.
"According to preliminary data" is included in the list of introductory words and phrases and, therefore, is isolated.
Not to be confused with the case (and you didn’t confuse the boss) when the same words are included in the sentence: "According to preliminary data, it is too early to judge what our venture will be crowned with."
(The link is "checked". Remove the spaces in the first line!)
http: / / books. google. ru / books? id = ikRYvOYNc8MC & pg = PA823 & lpg = PA823 & dq = РїРѕ + предвР° рительны Рј + РґР ° РЅРЅС ‹Рј + - + Р ·Р ° РїРС‹ Рј + - + Р · Р ° РїСРРС ‹Рј + - + Р · Р ° РїСРРС‹ Рј + - + Р · Р ° РїСРРРР + - + Р · Р ° РїСFІРР + - + Р · Р ° РїСРРРР + - + Р · Р ° РїСРРРР + - + Р · Р ° РїСFІРР ru & ei = TyP3ScGqH8WW_Abi0PzbCQ & sa = X & oi = book_result & ct = result & resnum = 8

Answer from Polyakova Ekaterina[guru]
both are needed :) clarification goes))

Answer from Margot Bo[guru]
Needed!

Answer from Ocharovannaja[guru]
Commas are needed to separate a sentence. What would be the meaning of what was written.

Answer from Masha *[active]
two commas are needed because this is an introductory word with the meaning of "message source".

Answer from ЇAB[guru]
It was necessary to remove "at the same time", and calmly subscribe.

Answer from Natalie[guru]
The commas are needed, and the reason for their setting in this sentence was correctly explained by `maRUS" ka and Galina Avanesova (in more detail).
There is no clarification here, and the explanation "to separate the sentence. Whatever the meaning of what was written" (spelling and punctuation of the source are preserved) does not stand up to criticism.
The chef is clearly not good at Russian.

Answer from STAR OF THE EAST[guru]
The chef corrected it correctly - no commas are needed.
But the structure of the sentence is not entirely correct.
You should write:
According to preliminary data, the dynamics of growth in the current month ... then indicate the overall dynamics. Then continue With this ... and specify what you want to reflect.
P.S. avoid expressions like "according to preliminary data" "according to opinion" if you want your style not to be perceived as simplistic

According to the definition, introductory words are not members of the sentence (they cannot be asked a question from the members of the sentence, and they can also be removed from the sentence without violating its structure) and express the speaker's attitude to what was said, that is, they introduce a subjective dimension. So, the proposal Good weather tomorrow describes a fact of objective reality. A Probably the weather will be fine tomorrow or Luckily the weather will be fine tomorrow express a subjective attitude towards this reality.

Difficulty 1. Lack of strict criteria for entry

The first difficulty in learning introductory words is that you just need to memorize them. The criteria for distinguishing between such words are not universal and are not always applicable. So, we say that you cannot ask a question from the members of the sentence to the introductory words. But it cannot be applied to the service parts of speech - unions, particles. We say that introductory words can be removed from a sentence without breaking its structure. But you can remove a lot of unnecessary words from the sentence, which the practical style tells about.

In addition, sometimes, contrary to the definition, introductory words become a structural element of a sentence: He will come and maybe, and no. (Compare: He will come, but not.) And in some cases, they even play the role of a significant element of the sentence, which is not separated by commas: If according to the manufacturer the car must pass hard off-road, then in practice it hardly drives onto the sidewalk.

Difficulty 2. Non-discrimination of introductory sentences

Some proofreaders are unaware of the existence of introductory sentences. They can be one-piece ( Buran , it seemed , still raging) two-part ( I think , she will like this gift) and common ( These dogs , if I'm not mistaken, descend from mongrels).

There are especially many errors associated with introductory sentences pointing to the source of the message: (how) noticed, said, added, promised someone. The budget, the minister said, will be adopted on time... Sentences of this type do not require quotation marks and dashes as in direct speech.

There are especially many such structures in news materials. And news editors have difficulty with punctuation. Intuitively, they understand that if they formulate such sentences as direct speech, then a small news item will be full of quotes, and this is ugly. Therefore, they choose a strange hybrid option: they do not put quotes, but leave commas and dashes from direct speech. And this is a clear mistake. Can't write The budget, - said the minister, - will be adopted on time.

Difficulty 3. Non-discrimination of introductory sentences and plug-in constructions

Introductory sentences are often confused with plug-in constructs. Common introductory sentences (especially interrogative and exclamation ones), like insert constructions, can be distinguished on both sides by dashes or brackets. But unlike introductory constructions, plug-in constructions do not express a relationship to what has been said, but provide additional information. Compare: He - can you imagine? - has been filming an action movie for a week(introductory sentence) and We were well fed, but the water –not drinking, but for washing– it was not enough(plug-in design) .

Difficulty 4. Pseudo-words

Some words are never introductory, but they are often confused with introductory words and separated by commas. Such words also need to be remembered. There is a list of them in the textbooks.

Remember the pseudo-words: maybe, as if, as if, literally, in addition, on top of everything, suddenly, after all, in the final analysis, it is unlikely, nevertheless, all the same, nevertheless, even, hardly, precisely, as if, as would, after all, just, besides, meanwhile, I suppose, by design, truly, while, by experience, by decision, by proposal, by order, by decision, by tradition, positively, almost, approximately, moreover, decisively, as if, nevertheless, supposedly others.

Difficulty 5. Words-chameleons

Some words, depending on the context, are either introductory or not introductory: unions, particles, members of a sentence (as a rule, predicates or circumstances) or interjections. Words that are used only as introductory and are always isolated are very few ( for example, firstly, in my opinion and some others.) Intuitiveness in itself is just a function that can be performed by all parts of speech. Introductory words relate to parts of speech in the same way as a predicate relates to a verb. Compare: Director , may be, in my office(introductory sentence) and The director can be in his office(predicate).

Below are words with a similar meaning. They all seem to point to the source of the message, but some are introductory and some are not. This proves once again that introductory words need to be checked against dictionaries and reference books - it is difficult to find logic in this matter. So, examples of introductory and non-introductory words that can be confused.

ACCORDING TO

Introductory,if it points to a person or organization.

According to your version, you arrived in the morning.

Not introductoryif: does not indicate a person or organization; stands after the word being defined.

According to the most common version this is an old Russian word.

The most powerful women according to Forbs .

ON MEMORIES

Introductory

According to Panova's memoirs, an old guide to Moscow helped her a lot.

ACCORDING TO

Introductory

According to our data, the event will not take place.

ACCORDING TO THE DOCUMENTS

Not introductory

According to the documents she was from Omsk.

ON CONCLUSION

Introductory

According to the conclusion of the commission, the quality meets the standards.

ACCORDING TO LAW

Not introductory

According to law spouses have equal rights.

BY REMARK

Introductory

As noted by the head, job done well.

BY DESIGN

Not introductory

As conceived by the writer this story was supposed to open the cycle.

ON APPLICATION

Introductory

According to the editor, the magazine will be published monthly.

Not introductory,ifmeans in accordance with.

Contract terminated on application one of the parties.

IN THEORY

Introductory,if means seems.

Not introductory,ifmeans by design.

According to her idea decided to arrange a ball.

ACCORDING TO INFORMATION

Introductory

According to my information, it is one of the most popular sites.

ACCORDING TO THE LEGEND

Introductory

IN OPINION

Introductory

According to doctors, dousing is good for your health.

As usual

Not introductory

According to custom all family members gathered for the wedding.

BY RULE

Not introductory

By rule introductory words are separated by commas.

ACCORDING TO LEGEND

Introductory

According to legend, Jesus lived to be 33 years old.

BY THE PROPOSAL

Not introductory

At the suggestion of Ilya everyone went to the forest.

BY ASSUMPTION

Introductory

According to him, there must be a river behind the forest .

FOR PREDICTION

Introductory

According to the fortuneteller's prediction, he had to leave urgently.

BY SUBMISSION

Introductory

Not so , according to their ideas, must be a classic.

BY ORDER

Not introductory

By order of the commander the soldiers were in line.

FORECAST

Introductory,if indicates the source of the message.

According to forecasts of weather forecasters, winter will be cold.

Not introductoryin the absence of dependent words.

According to forecasts winter will be cold.

BY DECISION

Not introductory

By the tribunal's decision the accused was acquitted.

By rumor

Introductory

Rumored to be gasoline will rise in price.

BY ADVICE

Not introductory

On the advice of mom she took warm clothes with her.

STATISTICS

Introductory

According to statistics, women buy more shoes than men.

SCENARIOUS

Not introductory

By script it is necessary to remove the snow.

TRADITIONALLY

Not introductory

On the walls of the Lyubov's office traditionally signed by Moscow celebrities.

BY BELIEF

Introductory

According to him, a man should earn more.

Difficulty 6. Inability to use reference books

In difficult cases, we refer to the Dictionary of Introductory Words and the Punctuation Reference at Gramota. ru However, some proofreaders do not know how to read them. For example, the reference book says that the introductory word but matter particle or union Nevertheless and particles yet... But that doesn't mean that Nevertheless and yet must be separated by commas. Do not confuse the meaning of the introductory word and the introductory word itself. Their spelling is subject to different rules.

Difficulty 7. Words with special punctuation

There are introductory and non-introductory words with special punctuation, which create the greatest difficulties for the writer: on the one hand ... on the other hand, finally, in the end, in turn, from the point of view, rather the opposite / and vice versa, of course / of course, at least, in addition / this, in addition / this and etc.

Let's give just one example. So, the combination of union and adverb and vice versa can replace a member of a sentence or a whole sentence. In the first case, it is not separated by commas ( Ranevskaya goes from tears to laughter and vice versa. That is, from laughter to tears), and in the second - ( The closer the light source, the brighter the light it emits, and vice versa. A complex sentence is replaced The farther away the light source, the dimmer the light it emits.).

But at the end of the subordinate clause and vice versa comma is not highlighted, even if it replaces the relative clause: This explains why what was considered criminal in the ancient world is considered legal in the new and vice versa.(the subordinate clause is replaced Why what was considered legal in the new world was considered criminal in the ancient).

In this case, you also need to distinguish a combination of union and adverb and vice versa from union combination and and an introductory word vice versa separated by commas as a general rule: He discarded unnecessary details and, conversely, focused on useful details.

Reference books often give contradictory recommendations about such words. What to do? Look for a middle ground by analyzing rules and examples from "Difficult Cases of Punctuation" and "Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing" by D. E. Rosenthal, "Dictionary of Introductory Words" and "Handbook of Punctuation" on Gramota. ru ... In this case, you need to focus on general trends, and not on the author's punctuation. And ignore the notes "rarely introductory", "sometimes introductory", "introductory, if the author wants to emphasize something there," and the like, otherwise your head will form a mess of contradictory examples.

Difficulty 8. Complex rules of punctuation

Some punctuation rules are difficult for practitioners to understand. Here is a rule that is simple at first glance, which practically no one, even proofreaders with experience, adheres to: at the beginning and at the end of a separate phrase, the introductory word is not separated from it by commas. Animals , for example cats see well in the dark. Cats see well in the dark in truth surpassing their masters in this.

Apparently, it is difficult for people to understand what a separate turnover is. Let's explain in a nutshell. In common parlance, all isolated turns are called clarification, meaning the part of the sentence that is pronounced with a special intonation. But such a rough idea is not enough to place punctuation marks correctly.

First of all, you need to remember that participial and adverbial phrases belong to separate ones. Further, it should be taken into account that the separate turns are divided into clarifying, explanatory and connecting. (We will not describe other cases of isolation of clause members here - this is a whole section of the tutorial that you can read on your own.)

How does clarification differ from clarification? A clarification is a narrowing of the scope of a concept, and an explanation is the same in other words. Pink, dawn, clouds - explanation (Pink are what? Colors of dawn. Colors of dawn are what? Pink) ... I'll come in the evening, at seven o'clock- clarification (Seven - one of the o'clock in the evening. But I'll come tomorrow at seven o'clock in the evening- not a clarification. The concepts of tomorrow and evening are not related).

Most connecting structures can be identified by the unions that introduce them. For example, if you see the union and yes, in 90% of cases we are talking about a connecting structure, which is separated by a comma. In 10% of cases and yes synonymous with union and.

Do not confuse a separate turnover with a subordinate clause. In the subordinate clause - at least at the beginning, at least at the end - the introductory word is highlighted with commas on both sides: One could hear, for example, the creak of the gate.

Particular difficulties are caused by cases of intonational isolation that is not supported by a structural argument. Compare: (1) Dried leaves and flowers are used for aromatization. , for example bergamot, jasmine, mint.(2)Dried leaves and flowers are used for aromatization, for example, bergamot, jasmine, mint.(3)Dried leaves and flowers are used for aromatization, for example, bergamot, jasmine, mint. In the first case, we are dealing with an explicit clarifying phrase. It is not in the second sentence (if you remove the introductory word, there will be no commas). And the third sentence raises questions. From the point of view of the structure, there is no clarifying phrase here, but it can be created by the introductory word itself. Compare: Cat meow must be from hunger. Cat meow must be from hunger. The same picture can be observed in the case of heterogeneous definitions: It was gray , seems, domestic cat. It was gray , seems domestic, cat(here the introductory word itself creates a separate turnover).

It should also be borne in mind that the rule of not separating the introductory word from a separate turnover is valid only when the turnover itself is separated by commas, and not dashes or brackets. Compare: Animals , for example cats see well in the dark. Animals - for example, cats see well in the dark. Animals (for example, cats) see well in the dark.

The rule in question does not apply to comparative turnovers with the union how (Cats however like other animals, they see well in the dark) and target turnovers with to (Cats need good eyesight , probably, to hunt in the dark).

Difficulty 9. Conflict of old and new norms

The difficulty is that the essence of this conflict is not formulated in textbooks and reference books. Special editions simply contradict each other, and the proofreaders themselves have to find out the nature of the disagreements. Contradictions are observed between the lifetime (up to 1994) and posthumous editions of D.E. Rosenthal, supplemented by some modern norms, as well as between the classic works of the master and fresh academic reference books. Although there are not so many discrepancies. Let us dwell on those that relate to introductory words.

A.According to Rosenthal, if the introductory word falls between homogeneous definitions, predicates or sentences in a complex, ambiguity arises, since it is not clear to which part of the sentence (right or left) it refers. You can eliminate ambiguity with punctuation.

The cat broke the vase , - must be chased the mouse (in the position "introductory word between homogeneous predicates" a dash is put as an additional character) .

Vase broke , – must be the cat chased the mouse(in the position "introductory word between sentences in a complex", a dash is placed after the comma as an additional character) .

And in accordance with the newest tendency of ambiguity, which Rosenthal speaks about, no, since usually the introductory word is at the beginning, and not at the end of the structure to which it refers, therefore, it is separated by commas on both sides.

The cat broke the vase must be chased the mouse.

Vase broke must be

The cat broke the vase - must be chased the mouse.

The vase broke - must be the cat chased the mouse.

B.According to Rosenthal,the words rather, more precisely, rather that have the value of introductory, are separated by commas by themselves, without forming a qualifying phrase. In such cases, we are not talking about clarification (the scope of the concept is not narrowed), but about homogeneous terms that name the subject differently. These words have the meaning of introductory and in combination with the union aa B. For Rosenthal which means, which means- introductory words, which are always separated by commas (not counting the cases in which means- a bunch or verb: Live - means dream. What is it all means ? ).

If the city is under construction, means, the city lives on. The calculations were made hastily , and consequently and imprecise.

Difficulty 10: Gaps in the current rules

Not all the nuances of using introductory words are described in textbooks. For example, they do not tell us anything about cases when the introductory word stands between the subject and the predicate, expressed by the infinitive. Be a cat - maybe, good to see in the dark. There is no corresponding rule, but an analysis of examples in the reference literature suggests that a dash still needs to be put.

© Tatiana Machinskaya