The safe use of furnace and gas equipment is possible only with timely allocation of combustion products and continuous air exchange indoors. This and some other functions perform smoke pipes of the most different form: from graceful decorations of country villas to giant monsters - indispensable attributes Promon.

Principle of natural traction

The outflow of gas combustion products from boilers, columns and furnaces are performed through ventilation and smoke pipes by natural traction. The thrust is provided with the difference in temperatures on the street and in the house. The higher the ventkane or chimney and the more temperature difference, the more intense the chimney pulls. Therefore, the best natural ventilation works on the first floors of multi-storey houses and in the cold season.

Temperature of combustion products over a working slab about 200 degrees. The air temperature in the ventilation and flue pipes is not more than 25 degrees and therefore the traction is very weak. In the summer, when the temperature on the street is higher than in the premises, the thrust can "tip over", that is, air to the apartment is sucked from the ventilation.

To a large extent, the efficient operation of the system depends on the frequency of checks of flue and ventilation channels.

Reasons to reduce thrust:

• contamination of the inner walls of the channels;
• roughness, narrowing of the walls;
• an increase in channel diameter;
• air surface.

A significant part of the energy of the engine moving along the channel is spent on the friction resistance about the wall, when turning and reducing the diameter of the channel. The pressure loss indicator depends on the masonry of the flue or ventilation channel, its length and state. In the presence of protrusions, dust and roughness growths, resistance rises. Therefore, timely examination and cleaning of ventilation and flue channels enhances the craving.

In the channels of a large diameter, even with the ideal compliance with the rules of safe operation of flue and ventilation pipes, the thrust is reduced, since the combustion products are faster than cooled.

When air sucks in the channel also drops the traction, since the air temperature in the channel decreases, and its volume increases. Therefore, all tubes for pipe maintenance must be kept closed.

Thrust in chimneys during the operation of the boiler or furnace is about 14 Pa. In the ventilation channels it is much lower. The opening of the windows in the apartments, the direction and strength of the wind affects the traction, and even the location of neighboring houses. Ventilation and flue pipes should not be located in the zone of the winddrop. This space is below the line leading from the highest point of the closest building to the horizon at an angle of 45 degrees.

Construction of ventilation pipes and chimneys

According to the rules of exploitation of flue and ventilation pipes, they are placed inside the house to preserve the temperature of the vehicle. You can arrange ventilation and smoke channels and outside, then they need insulation.

The masonry of ventilation and flue channels consists of clay bricks or heat-resistant concrete (asbestos cement). Brick masonry thickness from 12 cm, the concrete wall of the ventilation or smoke channel - more than 6 cm. Snip states that the ventilation and smoke channels are made only vertically, without transitions and horizontal sites.

Pocket device (holes) for chimney cleaning

At the base of the chimney, the holes for cleaning and a pocket of a depth of 25 cm are left. The holes are covered with the doors and are facing the brick installed on the edge. The masonry is performed on the clay solution. In asbestos-cement pipes, leave a sheet for cleaning.

Pocket is necessary to ensure that when destroying masonry, fragments of bricks did not overlap the inlet, falling slightly below. The whole trash falling into the chimney accumulates in his pocket. If you do not foresee your pocket, the garbage will gradually reduce the cross section of the chimney and worsen the thrust.

Unsuitable materials for the device of flue and ventilation channels:

• slag concrete;
• silicate, hole, slit brick;
• coarse materials.

Although silicate brick and is well opposed to high temperatures, it is destroyed by carbon dioxide and wet pairs. If there are no other materials, SNiP requires the device in the ventilation and smoke channel of the inner cladding of red bricks with a thickness of 13 cm.

Chimneys can be:

• nazadny (from asbestos-cement pipes inserted into each other);
• whole (from brick).

Natural pipes are distinguished by smooth inner walls, they are based on fireplaces or stoves with powerful (not thinner 1 \\ 2 bricks) walls. If the pipe is heavy, a reinforced concrete plate is installed at the oven overlap and the pipe is fixed on it.

Asbestos-cement road tubes are much easier for bricks, they do not need to be disassembled with overhaul, they are quickly installed.

The brick chimney requires a special foundation, which is laid at a depth exceeding the depth of the soil freezing.

When erecting low-rise buildings, prefabricated chimneys are used, which are embedded in the wall or form a riser. The chimney walls are performed from heat-resistant concrete.

In the field of passing the chimney of the roof, it is necessary to leave a hole with a width of 13 cm. The compound of chimney with a roof is covered by a stainless metal apron.

Chimney can have a slope of up to 30 degrees with displacement towards not more than 100 cm. Such segments should be one cross section, equal to the section of vertical segments with smooth walls.

The headbands of chimneys from bricks are covered with 20 cm plastering for precipitation. The chimneys are not installed deflectors and umbrellas.

Chimneys of gasified buildings

The ventilation and smoke channels of gasified rooms must rise above the flat roof by 50 cm or more. On the pitched roof of 50 cm and more over the edge or to the height of the edges at a distance from the edge to the chimney 1.5 - 3 meters.

The height of chimneys of gasiforable rooms should be equal to the height of exhaust channels.

To the system of ventilation and flue channels in the gasified room, the heating equipment is connected through metal adapters. The length of the vertical adapter must be from 50 cm. If the room is less than 2 m 70 cm and the stabilization of thrust is used, you can shorten the vertical adapter to 25 cm. The total length of horizontal adapters can be up to 3 m in new or up to 6 m in already functioning buildings.

The slope of the boiler from 0.01 is allowed. Pipes must be fixed hard without a probability of sagging. The knee of the pipe is inserted into each other in the course of the smoke and overlap on 1 \\ 2 diameters of the chimney.

The metal adapter is tightly attached to the chimney, not speaking behind the walls of the channel.

If the pipe is made of metal sheet, it is necessary to be treated with heat-resistant varnish.

The pipe is attached to chimney, leaving a 25 cm pocket and the trimmer for control, as well as when building a chimney. If the device is not equipped with a stabilizer of thrust, a factor of the flap with a perforation of 15 mm is required, through which the oven is ventilated during the downtime.

When converting old chimneys from furnaces for gas equipment, poor traction is often observed. The furnaces are drunk for a longer time and the temperature of combustion products is much higher than when the gas boiler is operating, therefore air discharge from gas burning is not enough.

Requirements for chimnets

Operation of chimneys

The rules for the safe operation of flue and ventilation pipes require periodic cleaning and verification. Without cleaning a long-term exploratory chimney becomes a potential source of fire or residential poisoning. The need to clean the ventilation and flue channels determine the planned checks.

The chimney, folded from the brick or composed of asbestos-cement pipes after a while loses its kind and works worse. Sauce and soot accumulate on the inner walls, the lumen of the chimney decreases and the thrust decreases. But there is another danger: combustion products can ignite. Substances secreted by soot destroy the material of the pipe and laying seams. The tightness of the chimney decreases, the fuel burns not completely, the thrust deteriorates.

Only periodic checks of chimneys and ventilation channels will help avoid dangerous situations.

If the heating equipment is used every day, the frequency of checking and cleaning the ventilation and smoke channels is 8 weeks. If the furnace is melts from the case of the case, to control the state of the chimney you need twice a year: in the fall before the start of the heating season and in the spring.

Checking chimney

The survey of flue and ventilation channels is carried out in the following cases:

1. when transferring furnaces to gas fuel;
2. when connected to the chimneys of gas boilers;
3. if you need to diagnose the state of the chimney and bad thrust.

The purpose of checking the ventilation and smoke channels:

• compliance of the materials of the masonry of the flue or ventilation channel and the device with the requirements of SNiP;
• the presence of clogging;
• the presence of thrust;
• density of chimney walls;
• condition and availability of partitions separating the adjacent design of the building;
• the state of the head and its location relative to the roof, buildings and trees.

The course of checking the ventilation and smoke channels:

• To determine the strokes in the chimney on top of it omit cargo in the form of a sphere, weighing 3 kg and up to 10 cm in size. If the cargo passes unhindered, the channel is clean;
• To determine the separation and density of the channels, the method of smoke is used. In the cleaning window, there is a burning path moistened in gasoline or a beam of straw, with a combustion of the smoke. From above, the outlet of the chimney is tightly covered. If the smell of smoke appears in the nearby rooms or channels, then the channel walls are not dense;
• The cleanliness of the walls of the channel is inspected by lowering the electric light bulb to 500 W power. At the same time, the density of the walls is determined. If there is light in the adjacent channels, it means that there are gaps.

Based on the results of testing of ventilation and smoke channels, cleaning is performed. She may be:

• mechanical;
• chemical.

Mechanical cleaning is carried out by brushes and rosters from metal wire. By weight of the cargo, they descend on cables into the chimney and scrape all sediments from the walls. Some pipes (for example, ceramic) are difficult to clean - they can crack.

Chemical cleaning is safer. In the furnace is burned "Pullenly Pedoyeness", which burns down at the walls of the chimney. The material is impregnated with chemical composition, decomposing soot and soot. But chemical cleaning does not cope with thick deposits, therefore it is used as auxiliary or preventive.

Industrial chimneys

The purpose of industrial flue and ventilation pipes is not only in the discharge of combustion products, but also in maintaining burning in the aggregates of the boiler room. In the nearby past, most industrial chimneys and ventilation pipes were made of brickwork. Today, metal pipes with thermal insulation are increasingly installed on its shift. The height of the structure can reach 60 meters.

According to the rules of safe operation of the flue and ventilation pipes, they need periodic cleaning. Prevention is carried out at the end of the heating season. And to exclude the accident assign the planned checks of ventilation and smoke channels.

The smoke and ventilation pipes are design for industry, taking into account each particular enterprise, as the task of facilities is always unique.

When designing, environmental norms of smoke dispersion rate and limit concentrations of smoke are taken into account.

Types of industrial chimneys:

• Metal self-supporting. The cheapest, performed from metal with thermal insulation. Very hard. May be one-baulous or multi;
• Fermenus self-supporting. They are a farm column with heat-insulated gas strokes. 1 - 6 stems are fixed on one farm. The farm itself is performed from pipe rental;
• Metal columns. One powerful "shell" in which 1 - 5 trunks are hidden. Maximum height 60 m, diameter up to 3.5 meters;
• On stretch marks. Single-tank metal pipe, which is attached to stretch marks. Most often installed in industrial enterprises. Performed by rolling. Such a pipe will last no more than 15 years even if all the rules of operation of the ventilation and flue pipes are observed;
• Facade. The most economical option does not need the foundation and supporting structure. Fasader is attached, often this type of pipes is used in attached or built-in boiler house buildings.

The diameter of the pipes can be from 0.2 to 1.5 meters, and the height is 8 - 60 meters. Channels can be several.

Depending on the conditions, industrial chimneys can be equipped:

• lightningness;
• fender lighting;
• stairs and platforms for maintenance.

If the industrial flue ventilation pipe of the rectangular section is installed, the correct aspect ratio is very important. The best is considered to be 1: 1.5 with raw inner angles.

The rules for the operation of flue and ventilation pipes require the installation of them only on special self-supporting foundations.

And at the end of the video about how industrial chimneys dismantle.

In order for your boiler to be correctly and led to you, you need to do not only clean the chimney, but also gas channels.

Fireproof Requirements for Cleaning Process

Construction standards and rules as follows as follows the process of cleaning chimneys and ventilation channels:

1. First of all, cleaning is carried out before the start of the heating season. This applies to those chimneys that work seasonally.
2. The cleaning process for combined and brick chimneys should be carried out at least 1 time per quarter.
3. As for asbestos-cement chimneys and channels from the heat-resistant concrete, their recommended periods of regular cleaning are 1 time per year.

Primary check includes:

• Check for competent use of all chimney materials, according to relevant requirements.
• Detection of clogging in the channels.
• The study of partitions that protect combustible structures.
• Distance from ventilation and smoke channels and compliance with its norm.
• Operation and location of the glove.
• Careful measurement of thrust.

Re-check is performed on the following items.

1) Ventilation and chimney are investigated for the presence of clogging, and when they are detected, their density and thrust.
2) A post-repair check for the first time after the relevant work is carried out by specialists of services together with the operational company. The results obtained are entered into a special act.
3) In the event that the chimney or ventilation channel is recognized as improper operation, the test expert must notify the owner in writing.
4) In private houses, where the SNiP chimney is installed, self-purification of the channels and the smoke of the chimney is possible upon receipt of the document on the briefing.
5) If the operating organization of an apartment building plans to start any repair work related to chimneys and ventilation, it must pre-inform the tenants of these measures. Naturally, after carrying out all these works, the system is thoroughly inspected.

Requirements for the premises in which gas appliances are placed

Each chimney must comply with certain standards that are divided by the type of premises.

• SNiP 31-01-2003 - Regulations on residential buildings of multi-unit type
• SNiP 41-01-2003-General information about ventilation systems, heating and air conditioning
• SNiP 42-01-2002 - Instructions on gas distribution systems
• SP 31-106-2002 - Regulations on the design and construction of residential one-quality houses
• SP 42-101-2003 - Construction and designer standards in the system of gas distribution of various pipe inputs

In general, you can allocate several provisions referred to in these rulings.

1. The height of the ceilings in the room in which the installation and placement of the gas water heater is planned, as well as chimney, should be at least 2 meters. The volume of this area should not be less than 7.5 cubic meters for one instrument, as well as at least 13.5 cubic meters - for two.
2. The room must be equipped with a high-quality ventilation channel. It is also worth considering the location of the lattice or a certain passage between the floor and the door.
3. In rooms that have the installed standard hood, the compensation of the air removed occurs due to the one that penetrates outside and from other rooms.
4. In the bathroom, as well as various fitness fares, the door must be opened out.
5. Also in the bathroom it is categorically forbidden to install sockets and switches.

Requirements regulating the activity of chimneys.

Installation work related to the heating equipment of various types must be carried out strictly in accordance with the rules of the chimney installation.

• It is important to comply with the correct chimney values \u200b\u200bthat meet the standards and requirements of installed equipment. This is important because it determines the further operation of the device.
• The installation process should be carried out in accordance with all the rules of fire safety by specialists of their case.
• It is best to follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
• The diameter of the structure of the structure is worth choosing the same or more on the basis of the parameters of the chimney itself.
• According to the NPB-98, the flow air velocity should be approximately 15-20 meters per second in the channel.

Fundamental rules

Depending on which conditions are planned to use chimney, it can be of various designs. At the same time, the quality of manufacturing of this design and the material used directly affects the operation of the chimney and its effectiveness. Installation of such products is carried out according to the requirements of the DBN Guide B.2.5-20-2001 and SNiP 2.04.05-91. It describes the basic principles of use and installation of chimneys, as well as displays fire safety requirements.

• SNiP 41-01-2003 - Basic provisions for air conditioning, ventilation and heating
• NPB 252-98 - apparatus processing various types of fuel for heat generation and testing
• GOST 9817-95 - Technical conditions for working with heating equipment
• VDPO - technical works and rules for the repair of flue channels and stoves

Sniped chimneys must fully meet the stated requirements. After the end of checking and commissioning, this device receives a special audit act.

Terms of installation work

1. There should be free output of exhaust gases from the premises.
2. Each device must be connected to own chimney.
3. The chimney diameter should not be less than the exit of the equipment pipe.
4. The thickness of the pipes should be a minimum of 0.5 mm. The material is alloyed steel with increased resistance to corrosion.
5. To carry out easy access to chimney cleaning, you need to provide pockets in a depth of 25 cm.
6. Smoke channels in their constructive features should not have more than 3 turns, and the radius can not be an indicator, a smaller pipe diameter.
7. The minimum height of the chimney should be 5 meters. This is the optimal value that ensures the correct craving.
8. The distance above the roof of the building should be:

• On a flat roof - up to 500 mm.
• In case the pipe is located less than 1.5 m from the skate - up to 500 mm.
• In case the design is located 1.5-3 m from the skate - no less axis of the skate.

Installing all elements of the heating system takes up upwards. Installation of multiple pipes is made by entering one to another. To increase tightness, suitable sealants are used that can withstand high temperature levels. Connectors must be fixed using clamps. To eliminate the flexing of the structure, you need to thoroughly connect all the items to the brackets.

Based on the rules of the chimney device, it can be concluded that the smoke channels are placed inside those walls that are made of non-combustible materials. In the event that there are no such structures, it is customary to use corona and exhaust pipes. Speaking of thermal insulation, it is worth noting that this issue costs to pay special attention. Parts of the chimney, which pass through the unheated premises, as well as located outside the building, it is important to equip the appropriate thermal insulation to prevent condensate formation.

Following the requirements, you can set the following chimneys.

1. Modular type. It is prohibited:

1) pull the boiler with combustible fluids

2) use larger firewood than firebox

3) dry clothes and other items on chimney elements

4) burning soot

5) use the device in an inappropriate way

6) Stewed fire in the windshield with water

7) Use chlorine for connections

Exceptionally specialists should be engaged in checking chimney. It is worth producing at least two times throughout the active heating period for confidence in the correct work of its chimney.

1. When connected to the chimney of two boilers, the pipe cross section is determined by their collaboration.
2. Common chimns are allowed to connect various gas devices not domestic purposes.
3. The installation of smoking pipes can be carried out through one, observing all the proven calculations.
4. Possible emissions of gas testing immediately for multiple instruments. It should be calculated at each level.
5. The chimney section is determined based on the work of all the operating instruments.

That is why all chimneys that respond to SNiP work long and high quality, and also meet the legislative requirements.

Connecting elements

Installation of these structures requires the use of welding equipment. The control over their work is regulated by SNiP. 3.05.03.85 5. Basic provisions:

1. The compound of gas water heaters, as well as other gas devices, occurs with pipes, materials for which roofing steel is.
2. The total size of all the connected elements should not exceed 3 meters for new buildings and not more than 6 meters - for existing ones.
3. The slope of the chimney pipe used to the heating technique should be from 0.01.
4. 3 bending is allowed when installing chimney pipes. In this case, the bending radius should not be less than the diameter of the pipe.
5. The docking of the pipes should be dense and reliable, and the entry of one to another is to be at least half of the diameter.
6. Speaking about the pipes made of black iron, it is worth noting that they need additional painting with fire-resistant varnish.

If the work of your heating and chimney system in particular does not comply with the above requirements for exploitation, you risk being disconnected from gas supply by regulatory authorities.

There are several reasons that lead to the repair of chimneys and ventilation:

Natural canal wear - any material is early or later wearing and the need to replace to a more modern and durable one occurs.

Artificial reasons - begin with a banal human factor, when, for example, the pipe is incorrectly assembled and significant errors are made in the installation, as well as low-quality materials or improper exploitation of the chimney and the ventilation channel.

Regardless of the reasons that have led to a channel malfunction, we recommend the following actions algorithm:

Channel video survey

You can order this service on our chimney survey page.

Or provide video and photo material. This procedure is necessary to identify disruption inside the channel, there may be foreign objects, pins or other sharp items that may interfere with the repair and further functioning of the chimney or ventilation channel

Selection of repair technologies. Options

Stainless Steel Chimney Pipes. Channel sleeve without a complete dismantling, repair work on the replacement of those parts of the pipe that failed. Thanks to its own production, we can make any diameters and shapes of the pipe, in the shortest possible time. For the guilllection of the stainless pipe, it is necessary to choose the pipe cross section according to the channel size. It can be a round tube, ellipse or rectangular cross section (box). Install the pipe is possible both from above, lowering the channel and below.

Our installation specialists will offer the most profitable way to repair a channel with a minimum dismantling area.

Furanflex polymer sleeve. Repair of the chimney and ventilation canal is possible without breaking the walls and dismantling. With the help of Furanflex (Furanflex), repair and recovery of the chimney are made in 1 day. Warranty on the material Furanflex 30 years. The principle of the recovery of the channel is simple, Furanflex is a single one-piece stocking, which is lowered into an existing channel and under the influence of steam takes the shape of the channel. With a loss of section 2-3 mm, but due to the absolute gas content and the smooth surface, the gas rate increases. You can learn more about the technology of restoring channels without breaking the walls on the page.

Channels

Smoke channels (pipes) must provide a complete removal of combustion products into the atmosphere from heating stoves and solid fuel apparatuses, as well as from household gas apparatuses and gasified furnaces in order to prevent the spread of combustion products into the premises in which they are installed and operated.

Construction and installation of smoke channels (pipes) should be carried out according to project documentation developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SNiP 2.04.08-87 "Gas supply", SNiP 3.03.01-87 " Rules of production and acceptance of work. Stone structures "," Safety Rules in Gas Economy "," Rules for Technical Operation and Requirements of Labor in the Gas Economy of the RSFSR "," Guiding Technical Material. Channels gas trap for household gas devices. Safety requirements". RTM 204 RSFSR 3.38-81.

Construction and installation of ventilation channels should be carried out according to the design documentation developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SNIP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" and SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Production Rules and acceptance of work. Stone structures. "

The construction of flue and ventilation channels is allowed in the presence of design materials and compliance with the requirements of construction standards and rules.

The placement of flue and ventilation channels in heated buildings should be carried out taking into account the requirements of fire safety, as well as the convenience of their installation, repair, maintenance and operation.

Removal of air from heated premises must provide ventilation systems with natural motivation, and free removal of combustion products from furnaces and devices - smoke channels (pipes).

The design of the grids, installed on the ventilation channels of natural ventilation systems, should be such that the grille cells are always open.

Smoky and ventilation channels are advisable to perform vertical without ledges.

The passage of the channel for the removal of gas combustion products from the instrument should be optimal, providing full removal and minimal cooling of combustion products. In all cases, the area of \u200b\u200bthe channel passage must be at least the area of \u200b\u200bthe gas device connected to the chimney.

The internal dimensions of the flue pipes that ensure the desired section, depending on the thermal power of the furnace or the device are accepted, mm, not less:

140 * 140 - with thermal power up to 3.5 to W;

140 * 200 - with thermal power from 3.5 to 5.2 kW;

140 * 270 - with thermal power from 5.2 to 7 kW.

The cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bround channels should be at least the area of \u200b\u200bthe specified rectangular channels.

When the channels from a solid ceramic brick, the wall thickness is performed at least 120 mm. The inner surfaces of the brick masonry are not plastered, but when the masonry is thoroughly cleaned from the excessive mixing solution.

The flue ventilation channels of factory manufacturer in the form of indigenous pipes are made from the heat-resistant concrete with a thickness of the walls of 60 mm and more.

Smoke channels in non-propelled internal or outer walls are allowed to be performed together with ventilation channels. At the same time, they should be separated at the entire height of hermetic partitions from clay bricks with a thickness of at least 120 mm.

For cleaning from sage deposits in the bases of flue channels and pipes, pockets are performed with a depth of 250 mm.

The height of chimneys, counting from the grate grid to the mouth, should be performed at least 5 m. The height of the exhaust flue channels located near the smoke trumpets should be equal to the height of these pipes.

The elevation of flue pipes above the roof should be taken:

not less than 2000 mm above flat and combined roof;

not less than 500 mm above the roof skate or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of 1.5 m from the skate or parapet;

not lower than the rod of the roof or parapet at the location of the chimney at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the skate or parapet;

not lower than the line conducted from the skate down at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon, when the smoke pipe is located from the skate at a distance of more than 3 m.

The elevation of flue pipes by 500 mm must be provided:

above the upper point of the building attached to heated building;

above the upper plane of the wind shadow is a higher number of standing building or facilities.

The headband of the smoke tube should be protected from atmospheric precipitation.

Installation over the tube of umbrellas and deflectors is prohibited.

Check and cleaning chimneys and ventkanalov.

Check and purification of flue and ventilation channels should be carried out on time, in full and methods provided for by the requirements of these rules for the production of furnaces of furnaces and smoke channels.

Checking the channels is performed when taking into operation of newly constructed furnaces, chimneys (primary check) and during the operation of furnaces, chimneys (periodic check).

According to the requirements of the "Security Rules in the Gas Economy", paragraph 3.88, ventilation and smokers should pass periodic checks:

before the heating season - chimneys of seasonally operating gas appliances and devices;

no less often 1 time in 3 months. - chimneys bricks;

no less often 1 time at 12 months. - chimneys asbestos-cement, pottery, from special blocks of heat-resistant concrete, as well as ventilation channels.

When examining smoke channels check:

compliance of the channel material requirements of this Regulation

channel wall thickness

compliance of the adopted cross section of the heat supply channel of the furnace or apparatus

the order of attachment of furnaces and devices to the smoke channel

Constructive design and size of cutting and disputation

Ways to protect the combustible structures from fire

Availability of devices for cleaning channels, UVS, Channel and Rutch

Material and thickness of thermal insulation of channels

Conditions of the head and elevation of it relative to the roof and the windband zone

Protection of the headband from atmospheric precipitation

No clogging in the canals

Density and inspection of channels

The presence of the necessary traction, the value of which is established in regulatory documents

When inspecting ventilation channels, check:

The compliance of their device and the materials used by the requirements of construction standards and rules

Matching the size of ventilation channels with the requirements of design organizations and materials

No clogging in canals

Availability of thrust in the canals

Compliance of air flow, removed through ventilation channels, standards

In flue channels, during periodic inspection, the state of the internal walls and the presence of sage and resinous sediments, and also check the received solutions that are shown in paragraph 4. In the ventilation channels, they check the presence of dust, fluff, web in channels, as well as other solutions shown in p. 5.

The results of the inspections are made in acts of primary and periodic examination.

Chimneys on the device and location are divided:

• on wall flue pipes - are arranged inside capital brick walls
• indigenous flue pipes - laid out in the form of a separate brick riser
• natural flue pipes - installed directly on the furnaces

If in the room the capital stone walls, the device of internal wall flue pipes is most convenient and economically, as they do not require additional building materials and laid out simultaneously with the walls.

Primary requirements

For each furnace, as a rule, it should be provided for a separate chimney or channel (hereinafter - the pipe). Since with the simultaneous furnace of two furnaces oven on the lower floor, with a stronger burden, will interrupt the upper, preventing the free exit of the smoke from it.

It is allowed to use a general chimney for two furnaces installed on the same floor, provided that the dishthele device in the form of a transverse wall between chimneys at a height of at least 75 cm. At the same time, the minimum size of the cross section of the common chimney channel should be at least 1x0.5 bricks.

In houses with furnace heating are not allowed:
a) an exhaust ventilation device with an artificial motivation, not compensated for an artificial motivation
b) the removal of smoke in the ventilation channels and the installation of ventilation grids on smoke channels

Chimneys should be placed in the interior walls of the building. The laying of them in the outer walls is less economical and creates difficulties during operation. Passing through the chimneys in the outer wall, the gases give part of the heat to the unheated room, and in the atmosphere, due to the low temperature of the atmospheric air, the gases are excessively cooled, which worsens the thrust. In this case, resinous substances are distinguished from gases, which penetrate through the masonry and are deposited on the external structure of the house.

In the case of a forced arrangement of the riser of the chimney in the outer wall, the chimney wall should be thickened. The wall thickening is performed in the form of a pilaster (square or rectangular protrusions on the wall).

The minimum masonry thickness between the chimney and the outer surface of the wall is taken depending on the calculated temperature of the outer air:

• at t \u003d -20 ° C and above - 38 cm (1.5 bricks)
• from T \u003d -20 ° C to T \u003d -30 ° C - 51 cm (2 bricks)
• from T \u003d -30 ° C and below - 65 cm (2.5 bricks)

For laying the foundations of furnaces, foci and flue pipes, the same materials are used as for the foundations of the house, for the main masonry of furnaces, foci, chimneys and channels in the walls - the brick clay ordinary (full).

If the walls are laid out of silicate bricks, slag blocks, etc., areas with smoke channels should be laid out from the usual (full-scale) clay red brick.

Chimneys (Channels) or Chimneys for furnaces

The height of chimneys placed at a distance equal to or greater height of a solid construction protruding over the roof should be taken:

• not less than 500 mm - above flat roof
• not less than 500 mm - over the rod of the roof or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of 1.5 m from the skate or parapet
• not lower than the rod of the roof or parapet - when the smoke tube is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3m from the skate or parapet
• not lower than a line conducted from the skate down at an angle of 10 to the horizon - when the smoke pipe is located from the skate at a distance of more than 3 m

It is allowed to attach two furnaces located in one apartment on the same floor. Such an accommodation can be allowed in exceptional cases under the condition of the warming of the wall from the outside by thickening the masonry or its protection with thermal insulating non-heat materials (the method of insulation should be provided by the project).

Then the distance between the outer surface of the walls and the nearest inner surface of the channel is accepted at least 640 mm (2.5 bricks). When connecting pipes, it should be covered with a thickness of 0.12 m and a height of at least 1 m from the bottom of the pipe connection.

When the chimney is located in the middle of the room, the walls are laying out 1/2 brick thickness, and when it is located in a cold outer wall, the building is in a whole brick. Thickness of the walls of flue pipes or flue channels In the place of the adjuncing them to metal or reinforced concrete beams, 130 mm should be taken.

The wall thickness of the channels in the inner stone walls, as well as the thickness of partitions (dissection) between the smoke and ventilation channels, should be at least 120 mm. The furnaces, as a rule, should be placed in the inner walls and partitions from non-combustible materials, providing for their use to accommodate smoke channels.

Smoke channels are allowed to be placed in the outer walls from non-combustible materials, insulated, if necessary, from the outside to eliminate the condensation of moisture from the assigned gases.

In the absence of walls in which smoke channels can be placed, undeted or indigenous flue pipes should be applied to remove smoke. The flue pipes should be performed vertical without ledges from clay bricks with walls with a thickness of at least 120 mm or from a heat-resistant concrete with a thickness of at least 60 mm, providing in their bases of pockets with a depth of 250 mm with holes for cleaning closed by doors.

The inner surfaces of the chimneys should be smoother without inclects of the solution in the seams and casually laid bricks. Chimney must be without inclination and turns.
It is allowed to take deviations of round chimneys at an angle of up to 30 ° to vertical, with a given no more than 1 m. Inclined areas should be smooth, permanent cross section, an area of \u200b\u200bat least cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bvertical sections.

Experience suggests that the cross section of the chimney is from 1/10 to 1/12, and in more favorable cases up to 1/15 of the size of the flue hole in the light. In all cases, the chimney cross section (if two furnaces are attached to one pipe) should be at least 14x27 cm.

Brick flue pipes

The cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200brectangular flue pipes (chimneal channels), depending on the thermal power of the furnace, according to SNiP 2.01.01-82, should be taken, not less:

• 140х140 mm - with heat power furnace up to 3.5 kW
• 140х200 mm - with heat power furnace from 3.5 kW to 5.2 kW
• 140x270 mm - with thermal power furnace from 5.2 kW to 7 kW

Channel cross sections in brick flue pipes must be multiple brick width. The mouth of brick flue pipes at a height of 0.2 m should be protected from atmospheric precipitation. The device of umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles on flue brick tubes is not allowed.

Round asbetic, ceramic or metal flue pipes

The cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bround smoke channels should be at least the area of \u200b\u200bthe specified rectangular channels. Metal smoke pipes must be removed from the combustible roof designs by 700 mm. In this case, within the attic of the pipe, isolate a layer of asbestos with a thickness of at least 3 mm and is plastered along the grid with cement mortar, and in places of passage through the combustible roofing, they are additionally equipped with special devices in the form of sandboxes.

Taps of flue round pipes and adjacent air ventilation channels are performed with a slope of at least 60 ° to the horizon and the embedding (referring) not more than 1 m. To attach ovens to smoke pipes, it is allowed to provide nozzles with a length of no more than 0.4 m under the condition :
a) the distance from the top of the pipe to the ceiling from combustible materials should be at least 0.5 m in the absence of protection of the ceiling from ignition and at least 0.4 m - with protection;
b) The distance from the bottom of the pipe to the floor from combustible or labor-burning materials should be at least 0.14 m.

Nozzles should be taken from non-combustible materials, providing a limit of fire resistance of 0.75 hours. and more. It often occurs the smoking of the furnace from strangling the mouth of the pipe by a strong wind. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to check the status of the windproof device (deflector) over the headband of the chimney, and in the absence of the device - to install it.

Variants of deflectors see Fig.

Chimneys on buildings with roofing from combustible materials should be provided with intrinsiclates. For the reasons of fire safety on the head, the opponent is installed in the form of a cap with a deaf lid and a wire mesh on the sides with a cell size of not more than 3 mm.

It should be known that the floors and deflectors can be installed on round tubes for fuel furnaces. When burning gas, it is impossible to install them, as water vapors are condensed on them. This may cause ground formation.

For gasified furnaces on the headlocks of round pipes, umbrellas of simplified design are installed. If the walls of the pipe are subsequently plastered or insulated with asbetic plates, then it is permissible to lay out a 1/2 brick headguard.

Chimneys (Channels) for fireplaces

The main difference between the fireplace from the furnace consists in a much larger cross section for accessing the air to the furnace, which is why large air masses are sucked into the fireplace, which causes a decrease in the temperature in the gas duct (compared to the furnace). Therefore, the force of thrust in the fireplace coming on 1 pm, the height of the gas plant is less than in the furnace.

To create a normal thrust, the height of the chimney of the fireplace must be more respectively than the furnace. To ensure sufficient thrust during operation, it is important that the flue gases will be cooled as the chimney moves.

Eaves formed in a narrow cross section of chimney (the so-called chimney) plays an important role and has a dual purpose. In the process of firebox, it delays the chilled gases falling along the rear (coolest) wall, not passing them into the heatpace, because This can lead to tipping thrust.

Cold gases detained by the eaves are picked up by a flush of a hotter gas flowing from a narrow sequence of the chimney, forming the front wall of the fireplace and the edge of the "tooth", and are taken into the overlying chimney.

The second purpose of the cornice is to collect drop-down scented sediments. In the immediate vicinity of the ledge from the inside, the clean door is installed through which the chimney is periodically cleaning. In the neck at the level of chimney cornice, the damper is installed to control the thrust and disconnect the fireplace from the chimney. To reduce the loss of heat chimney wall, the fireplace should be sufficient thickness.

The most harmful effects on the thrust are atmospheric air in chimney through looseness in the masonry, as well as non-working furnaces connected to the overall chimney, i.e. The chimney for the fireplace should be separate from all other channels. All looseness must be identified and eliminated.

The following condition for the preservation of normal thrust (without a description of the hydraulic properties of thrust) is a chimney device with a round shape, then the square and finally rectangular. This is explained by the fact that in direct corners, the movement of gases is difficult and soot is often postponed in them.

Therefore, it is best for the chimney device to use asbot or ceramic pipes. The flue pipes due to the difficulty of fitting to chimney the fireplace most often lay out square.

Ventilation channels

The thickness of the walls of the channels in the outer walls of the buildings is adopted taking into account the calculated temperature of the outer air. The height of exhaust ventilation channels located near the smoke trumpets should be taken equal to the height of these pipes.

The dimensions of the retreat (cutting) in the furnaces and smoke channels.

The retreat (cutting) is the airspace between the outer surface of the furnace, the chimney or the smoke channel, on the one hand, and a combustable wall, partition, or another building design - on the other hand. Leave the air interval (retreat) to the entire height of the furnace or chimney.

When the cutting device in the floors should provide an independent sediment of stoves and pipes. Opportuning cutting on the structural elements of the overlap is not allowed. The height of the cutting should be greater than the thickness of the overlap by the magnitude of the possible sediment of the building and 70 mm above the layer of frozen backfill.

Horizontal cutting in the overlap plane should be performed simultaneously with the main masonry.

The gaps between the overlapping and the cutting should be filled with a clay solution with an admixture of asbestos.

For walls or partitions, made of combustible and hard-scale materials, a retreat should be taken in accordance with Table 1 (see Junction), and for factory fabrication furnaces should be taken by the manufacturer's documentation.

The dimensions of the retreats (cutting) of furnaces and channels, taking into account the thickness of the furnace wall, should be taken equal to:

a) 500 mm - to buildings designs from combustible materials;
b) 380 mm - to a wall or partition from non-combustible materials adjacent to the angle to the front of the furnace and protected from flooding from the floor to a level of 250 mm above the top of the coaching door:

• stucco on a metal grid - 25 mm thick
• or a metal sheet on asbestos cardboard - 8 mm thick.

The size of the cutting should be taken in accordance with the required "retreats" required in Table 1:

Table 1. Dimensions of cutting on Snip 2.01.01-82

Wall thickness oven, mm	Distance from the outer surface of the furnace or the chimney (pipes) to the wall or partition, mm
	Departure	not protected From fire	protected From fire
120	Open	260	200
120	Closed	320	260
65	Open	320	260
65	Closed	500	380
Notes: 1. For walls with the limit of fire resistance 1 hour. and more and the limit of flame spread 0 cm. The distance from the outer surface of the furnace or the chimney (pipes) to the wall of the partition is not normalized. 2. In the buildings of children's institutions, hostels and public catering enterprises, the limit of fire resistance wall (partition) within the descendation should be ensured at least 1 hour. 3. Protection ceiling, floor, walls and partitions - should be performed at a distance, not less than by 150 mmthe overall dimensions of the furnace.

The cutting should be greater overlap thickness (ceiling) by 70 mm. Describe or rigidly connect the cutting of the furnace with the building design should not. In the walls covering the retreat, the holes should be provided over the floor and at the top with the lattices of a living section, each at least 150 cm2.

The floor in a closed retreat should be provided for non-combustible materials and have 70 mm above the floor of the room.

The distance between the top of the oven overlapping, made of the three rows of bricks, should be taken:

with a ceiling of combustible or hard-scale materials, protected by plaster over a steel grid or steel sheet by asbestos cardboard thickness of 10 mm:

• 250 mm - for furnaces with periodic furnace
• 700 mm - for long burning furnaces

and with an unprotected ceiling:

• 350 mm - for furnaces with periodic furnace
• 1000 mm - for long burning furnaces

For furnaces having overlap of two rows of bricks, the specified distances should be increased by 1.5 times. The distance between the top metal furnace and the overlap should be taken:

• with heat insulated overlap and protected ceiling - 800 mm
• with non-flared overlap and unprotected ceiling - 1200 mm

Vertical cutting of furnaces and pipes installed in the openings of the combustible partitions are performed on the entire height of the furnace or pipe.

p / P.	Ovens	Ground structures
		Not protected from fire	Protected from fire
1	2	3	4
	Heating furnaces of periodic action with a duration of the furnace:
1	- up to 3 hours	380	250
2	- more than 3 hours	510	380
3	Gas oven, with a flow rate of more than 2 m3 / hour	380	250
4	Heating furnaces of long burning. Apartment kitchen stoves operating on solid fuel. Gas water heaters of apartment type	250	250
5	Combined kitchen stoves with built-in boilers and individual boilers of apartment type	380	250
Note: Metal flue pipes run through the combat NOT ALLOWED.

In the walls of a closed space above the furnace, there should be two holes with lattices at different levels having a living area every at least 150 cm2. The retreat is left open or closed on both sides by brick or other non-aggravated materials.

The side walls of the closed cameras are not allowed to tie with the main masonry furnace. The floor in the air gap is lined with a brick one row above the floor level of the room. The width of the retreat and method of insulation of the walls and partitions in respectal is taken in accordance with the data shown in Table 3:

Table 3. Types and sizes

p / P.	Heating furnaces	Types of retreat	Distances between stoves and combustible walls or partitions, mm	Ways to protect the combustible structures
1	2	3	4	5
1	Apartment-type furnaces with 1/2 brick thickness walls with the duration of the furnace up to 3 hours.	Open or closed on one side	130	Lime or lime-cement plaster with a thickness of 25 mm; Asbestous Cardboard
2	Also	Closed on both sides	130	Brick cladding 1/4 brick thick on clay solution or asbestostermiculitic plates with a thickness of 40 mm
3	Same with 1/4 brick thick walls	Open on both sides	320	Lime-gypsum plaster with a thickness of 25 mm; Asbestomermiculitic plates with a thickness of 40 mm
4	Heating furnaces for long burning	Open	260	Also
5	Furnaces and kitchen stoves with walls 1/2 brick thickness with the duration of the furnace over 3 hours.	Open	260	The same, or cladding thickness of 1/4 bricks on a clay solution
6	Also	Closed	260	Brick Facing 1/2 Brick Thickness
	Metal furnaces:
7	- Without Futherovka	Open	1000	Stucco thick 25 mm
8	- With Futherovka	Open	700	Also

The distances from the upper planes of overlapping furnaces to combustible (or protected from fire) The ceilings of the premises must be at least specified in Table 4:

Table 4. Distances from the top of the ceiling overlaps to combustible ceilings, mm

p / P.	Stove	Ceilings
		Not protected from fire	Protected from fire
1	2	3	4
1	Heavyweight	350	250
2	Non-flavored	1000	700
Note: 1. Thickness of the upper overlaps There must be at least three rows of bricks. At a lesser thickness of the distance between the riding furnaces and the ceilings, respectively increase. 2. Ceilings can be protected from fire asbestos Map Thick 8 mm or thick stucco 25 mm. Protection should be wider overlaps on 150 mm from each side.

The gap between the top-walled furnace and the ceiling can be closed on all sides by brick walls. In this case, the thickness of the upper overlap of the furnace should be at least 4 rows of brick masonry, and the combustible ceiling must be protected from fire.

Chimneys and roofing structures

Chimneys should be displayed above the roof of higher buildings attached to the building with furnace heating. The thickness of the wall of the chimney of the chimney over the roof should be at least the thickness of one brick.

The distance from the outer surfaces of the flue pipes to rafters, crates and other parts of the roof of combustible and labor-burning materials should be provided in the light:

• from brick or concrete flue pipes - at least 130 mm
• from ceramic pipes without insulation - 250 mm
• and with heat-insulation with heat transfer resistance - 0.3 m2 x t ° C / W with non-flammable or hard-burning materials - 130 mm

The space between the smoke trumpet and the structures of the roof from non-combustible and labor-burning materials should be blocked by non-combustible roofing materials. The gaps between overlaps, walls, partitions and cutting should be provided with the filling of non-combustible materials.

The space between the overlapping (before the roof) of the oven and the ceiling of combustible and labor-burning materials is allowed to close with brick walls from all sides. The thickness of the oven overlap should be increased to four rows of brickwork.