Arrangement of axes. Rules for the implementation of architectural and construction drawings

Floor plans of buildings

Working drawings of architectural solutions

Building floor plan- this is an image of a section of a building made with an imaginary horizontal secant plane passing at the level of window and door openings or at a height of 1/3 of the height of the depicted floor of the building.

The floor plan gives an idea of the configuration and dimensions of the building, reveals the shape and location of individual rooms, window and door openings, main walls, columns, stairs, partitions. The contours of the building elements (walls, piers, pillars, partitions, etc.) that fall into the cut and are located behind the cutting plane are drawn on the plan.

If the floor plans of a multi-storey building have slight differences from each other, then the plan of one of the floors is completely fulfilled, for other floors only parts of the plan are performed that are necessary to show the differences from the plan shown in full.

Coordination (center) axes Are coordination lines that define the division of a building or structure into modular steps and floor heights. They determine the position of the main supporting structures of the building and run along its main walls and columns.

These axes, which can be longitudinal or transverse, divide the building into a number of elements.

On the images of each building and structure, coordinate axes are indicated, which are assigned an independent designation system. Coordination axes are applied in dash-dotted lines with long strokes in accordance with Figure 5. On the plans, the alignment axes are drawn outside the contour of the walls and denoted in capital letters of the Russian alphabet and Arabic numerals (numbers), which are written in marking circles with a diameter of 6-12 mm. The marking circles of the coordination axes are located at a distance of 4 mm from the last dimension line.

For marking on the side of a building with a large number of axes, numbers are used, and with a smaller number of axes, letters are used, with the exception of the letters Ё, З, Y, O, X, Ц, Ч, Щ, Ъ, Ы, Ь. As a rule, the axes along the building are marked with letters.

The sequence of digital and letter designations of the coordination axes is taken according to the plan from left to right and from bottom to top, placing marking circles on the left and bottom sides of the building (Fig. 12, 20).

The designation of the coordination axes, as a rule, is applied to the left and lower sides of the building and structure plan. If the coordination axes of the opposite sides of the plan do not coincide, the designations of the indicated axes are additionally applied at the locations on the upper and / or right sides. Omissions of letters and numbers when marking axes are not allowed.

For individual elements located between the coordination axes of the main supporting structures, additional axes are applied and denoted as a fraction, in the numerator of which the designation of the previous coordination axis is indicated, and in the denominator - an additional ordinal number within the area between the coordination axes (Figure 11a).

Date of introduction 01.01.71

This standard establishes the rules for the depiction of objects (products, structures and their constituent elements) in the drawings of all industries and construction. The standard is fully consistent with ST SEV 363-88. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2).

1. BASIC PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS

1.1. Images of objects should be performed using the rectangular projection method. In this case, the object is assumed to be located between the observer and the corresponding projection plane (Fig. 1).

1.2. Six faces of the cube are taken as the main projection planes; the faces are aligned with the plane, as shown in fig. 2. Face 6 is allowed to be located next to face 4. 1.3 The image on the frontal plane of projections is taken as the main one in the drawing. The object is positioned relative to the frontal plane of the projections so that the image on it gives the most complete picture of the shape and size of the object. 1.4. Images in the drawing, depending on their content, are divided into views, sections, sections.

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1.5. View - the image of the visible part of the object's surface facing the observer. To reduce the number of images, it is allowed to show the necessary invisible parts of the object surface in views using dashed lines (Fig. 3).

1.6 Section - an image of an object mentally dissected by one or more planes, while the mental dissection of the object refers only to this section and does not entail changes in other images of the same object. The section shows what is obtained in the secant plane and what is located behind it (Fig. 4). It is allowed to depict not everything that is located behind the cutting plane, if it is not required to understand the structure of the object (Fig. 5).

1.7. Section - an image of a figure obtained by mentally dissecting an object with one or more planes (Fig. 6). The section shows only what is obtained directly in the cutting plane. It is allowed to use a cylindrical surface as a secant, which is then developed into a plane (Fig. 7).

(Modified edition, Amendment No. 2). 1.8. The number of images (views, sections, sections) should be the smallest, but provide a complete picture of the subject when using the symbols, signs and inscriptions established in the relevant standards.

2. TYPES

2.1. The following names of the views obtained on the main projection planes (main views, Fig. 2) are established: 1 - front view (main view); 2 - top view; 3 - left side view; 4 - right side view; 5 - bottom view; 6 is a rear view. In construction drawings, if necessary, the corresponding views can be assigned other names, for example, "facade". The names of species in the drawings should not be labeled, except for the case provided for in clause 2.2. In construction drawings, it is allowed to inscribe the name of the species with the assignment of an alphabetic, digital or other designation to it. 2.2. If the top, left, right, bottom, back views are not in direct projection connection with the main image (view or section shown on the frontal projection plane), then the direction of projection should be indicated by an arrow near the corresponding image. The same capital letter should be applied above the arrow and above the resulting image (view) (Fig. 8).

Drawings are drawn up in the same way if the listed types are separated from the main image by other images or are not located on the same sheet with it. When there is no image on which the direction of gaze can be shown, the name of the species is inscribed. In construction drawings, it is allowed to indicate the direction of gaze with two arrows (similar to indicating the position of the secant planes in the sections). In construction drawings, regardless of the relative arrangement of views, it is allowed to inscribe the name and designation of the view without indicating the direction of gaze with an arrow, if the direction of gaze is determined by the name or designation of the view. 2.3. If any part of the object cannot be shown in the types listed in clause 2.1 without distorting the shape and size, then additional views obtained on planes that are not parallel to the main projection planes are used (Fig. 9-11). 2.4. The additional view should be marked in the drawing with a capital letter (Fig. 9, 10), and the object associated with the additional view of the image should have an arrow indicating the direction of view, with the appropriate letter designation (arrow B, Fig. 9, 10).

When an additional view is located in direct projection connection with the corresponding image, the arrow and the designation of the view are not applied (Fig. 11).

2.2-2.4. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2). 2.5. Additional types are positioned as shown in Fig. 9- 11. Arrangement of additional views by traits. 9 and 11 are preferred. An additional view is allowed to be rotated, but with the preservation, as a rule, of the position adopted for this object on the main image, while the designation of the view must be supplemented with a conventional graphic designation. If necessary, indicate the angle of rotation (Fig. 12). Several identical additional species related to one subject are designated with one letter and draw one type. If, at the same time, the parts of the object associated with the additional view are located at different angles, then the conventional graphic designation is not added to the type designation. (Modified edition, Amendments No. 1, 2). 2.6. The image of a separate, limited place on the surface of an object is called a local view (type D, Fig. 8; view D, Fig. 13). The local view can be limited by the cliff line, if possible in the smallest size (view D, figure 13), or not limited (view D, figure 13). The detail view should be marked on the drawing like an auxiliary view. 2.7. The ratio of the sizes of the arrows indicating the direction of gaze should correspond to those shown in Fig. 14. 2.6, 2.7. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2).

3. SECTIONS

3.1. The sections are divided, depending on the position of the secant plane relative to the horizontal plane of the projections, into: horizontal - the secant plane is parallel to the horizontal plane of the projections (for example, section A-A, Fig. 13; section B-B, Fig. 15). In construction drawings, horizontal sections can be given other names, for example, "plan"; vertical - the secant plane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the projections (for example, a section at the site of the main view, Fig. 13; sections A-A, B-B, G-G, Fig. 15); inclined - the secant plane makes an angle with the horizontal projection plane that is different from the right one (for example, section B-B, Fig. 8). Depending on the number of secant planes, the cuts are divided into: simple - with one secant plane (for example, Fig. 4, 5); complex - with several secant planes (for example, section A-A, drawing 8; section B-B, drawing 15). 3.2. A vertical section is called frontal if the secant plane is parallel to the frontal plane of the projections (for example, section, Fig. 5; section A-A, Fig. 16), and profiled if the secant plane is parallel to the profile plane of the projections (for example, section B-B, Fig. . 13).

3.3. Complex cuts are stepped if the secant planes are parallel (for example, a stepped horizontal section BB, Fig. 15; a stepped frontal section A-A, Fig. 16), and broken if the secant planes intersect (for example, cuts A-A, Fig. 8 and 15). 3.4. Cuts are called longitudinal if the secant planes are directed along the length or height of the object (Fig. 17), and transverse if the secant planes are directed perpendicular to the length or height of the object (for example, cuts A-A and B-B, Fig. 18). 3.5. The position of the cutting plane is indicated in the drawing with a section line. An open line must be used for the section line. With a complex section, strokes are also drawn at the intersection of the secant planes with each other. Arrows indicating the direction of gaze should be placed on the initial and final strokes (Fig. 8-10, 13, 15); arrows should be drawn at a distance of 2-3 mm from the end of the line. Start and end strokes must not intersect the outline of the corresponding image. In cases like the one indicated in the devil. 18, the arrows indicating the viewing direction are drawn in one line. 3.1-3.5. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.6. At the beginning and end of the section line, and, if necessary, at the intersection of the secant planes, they put the same capital letter of the Russian alphabet. The letters are applied near the arrows indicating the direction of gaze and at the intersections from the side of the outer corner. The incision should be marked with an “A-A” type inscription (always with two letters separated by a dash). In construction drawings, at the section line, instead of letters, it is allowed to use numbers, as well as inscribe the name of the section (plan) with an alphanumeric or other designation assigned to it. 3.7. When the cutting plane coincides with the plane of symmetry of the object as a whole, and the corresponding images are located on the same sheet in direct projection connection and are not separated by any other images, for horizontal, frontal and profile cuts, the position of the cutting plane is not marked, and the cut with an inscription do not accompany (for example, a cut at the site of the main view, Fig. 13). 3.8. Frontal and profile cuts, as a rule, are given a position corresponding to the one adopted for a given object in the main image of the drawing (Fig. 12). 3.9. Horizontal, frontal and profile cuts can be located in place of the corresponding main views (Fig. 13). 3.10. A vertical section, when the section plane is not parallel to the frontal or profile planes of the projections, as well as an inclined section must be built and positioned in accordance with the direction indicated by the arrows on the section line. It is allowed to place such cuts anywhere in the drawing (section В-В, drawing 8), as well as with a rotation to the position corresponding to that adopted for the given object on the main image. In the latter case, a conventional graphic designation should be added to the inscription (section Г-Г, drawing 15). 3.11. With broken cuts, the secant planes are conventionally rotated until they are aligned in one plane, while the direction of rotation may not coincide with the direction of sight (Fig. 19). If the aligned planes turn out to be parallel to one of the main projection planes, then a broken section is allowed to be placed in place of the corresponding view (sections A-A, Fig. 8, 15). When the secant plane is rotated, the elements of the object located on it are drawn as they are projected onto the corresponding plane with which they are aligned (Fig. 20).

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3.12. An incision that serves to clarify the device of an object only in a separate, limited place is called local. The local section is highlighted in the view by a solid wavy line (Fig. 21) or a solid thin line with a break (Fig. 22). These lines must not line up with any other lines in the graphic.

3.13. Part of the view and part of the corresponding section are allowed to be connected, dividing them with a solid wavy line or a solid thin line with a break (Fig. 23, 24, 25). If at the same time half of the view and half of the section are connected, each of which is a symmetrical figure, then the axis of symmetry serves as the dividing line (Fig. 26). It is also allowed to separate the cut and the type by a dash-dotted thin line (Fig. 27), which coincides with the trace of the plane of symmetry not of the whole object, but only of its part, if it represents a body of revolution.

3.10-3.13. (Modified edition, Rev. № 2). 3.14. It is allowed to combine a quarter of a view and quarters of three cuts: a quarter of a view, a quarter of one cut and half of another, etc., provided that each of these images is individually symmetrical.

4. SECTIONS

4.1. Sections that are not part of the section are divided into: taken out (Fig. 6, 28); superimposed (Fig. 29).

Extended sections are preferable and they are allowed to be located in a cut between parts of the same type (Fig. 30).

(Modified edition, Amendment No. 2). 4.2. The contour of the taken out section, as well as the section that is part of the section, is depicted with solid main lines, and the contour of the superimposed section - with solid thin lines, and the contour of the image at the location of the superimposed section is not interrupted (Fig. 13, 28, 29). 4.3. The axis of symmetry of the extended or superimposed section (Fig. 6, 29) is indicated with a dash-dotted thin line without designation with letters and arrows, and the section line is not drawn. In cases like the one indicated in the devil. 30, with a symmetrical cross-sectional figure, no cross-sectional line is drawn. In all other cases, an open line is used for the section line with the direction of sight indicated by the arrows and denoted by the same uppercase letters of the Russian alphabet (in construction drawings - uppercase or lowercase letters of the Russian alphabet or numbers). The section is accompanied by an inscription of the "A-A" type (Fig. 28). In construction drawings, it is allowed to inscribe the name of the section. For asymmetric sections located in a gap (Fig. 31) or superimposed (Fig. 32), the section line is drawn with arrows, but they are not indicated by letters.

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In construction drawings, with symmetrical sections, an open line is used with its designation, but without arrows indicating the direction of sight. 4.4. The section for construction and location should correspond to the direction indicated by the arrows (Fig. 28). It is allowed to place a section at any place in the drawing field, as well as with a rotation with the addition of a conventional graphic designation 4.5. For several identical sections related to one object, the section line is designated by one letter and one section is drawn (Fig. 33, 34). If, in this case, the secant planes are directed at different angles (Fig. 35), then the conventional graphic designation is not applied. When the location of the same sections is precisely determined by the image or dimensions, it is allowed to apply one section line, and indicate the number of sections above the section image.

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4.6 Secant planes are chosen so as to obtain normal cross-sections (Fig. 36). 4.7. If the secant plane passes through the axis of the surface of revolution defining the hole or recess, then the outline of the hole or recess in the section is shown completely (Fig. 37). 4.8. If the section is obtained consisting of separate independent parts, then cuts should be used (Fig. 38).

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4.4-4.8. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2).

5. REMOTE ELEMENTS

5.1. A detail is an additional separate image (usually enlarged) of any part of an object that requires graphic and other explanations in terms of shape, size and other data. The detail may contain details not indicated in the corresponding image, and may differ from it in content (for example, the image may be a view, and the detail may be a section). 5.2. When using a detail, the corresponding place is marked in the view, section or section with a closed solid thin line - a circle, oval, etc. Above the image of the detail, indicate the designation and the scale in which it is made (Fig. 39).

In construction drawings, the extension element in the image is also allowed to be marked with curly or square brackets or not graphically marked. For the image, from where the element is taken out, and for the remote element, it is also allowed to apply the alphabetic or numeric (Arabic numerals) designation and name assigned to the remote element. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2). 5.3. The remote element is placed as close as possible to the corresponding place on the image of the object.

6. CONDITIONS AND SIMPLIFICATIONS

6.1. If the view, section or section represents a symmetrical figure, it is allowed to draw half of the image (view B, Fig. 13) or slightly more than half of the image, in the latter case drawing a cut line (Fig. 25). 6.2. If an object has several identical, evenly spaced elements, then one or two such elements are fully shown in the image of this object (for example, one or two holes, Fig. 15), and the remaining elements are shown simplified or conditionally (Fig. 40). It is allowed to depict a part of an object (Fig. 41, 42) with appropriate instructions on the number of elements, their location, etc.

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6.3. In views and sections, it is allowed to simplify the projection of the lines of intersection of surfaces, if their exact construction is not required. For example, instead of curved curves, circular arcs and straight lines are drawn (Fig. 43, 44).

6.4. A smooth transition from one surface to another is shown conditionally (Fig. 45-47) or not shown at all (Fig. 48-50).

Simplifications such as those indicated in dash are allowed. 51, 52.

6.5. Parts such as screws, rivets, dowels, non-hollow shafts and spindles, connecting rods, handles, etc., are shown as not cut in longitudinal section. The balls are always shown unbroken. As a rule, nuts and washers are shown uncrossed in assembly drawings. Elements such as spokes of flywheels, pulleys, gears, thin walls such as stiffeners, etc. are shown open if the secant plane is directed along the axis or long side of such an element. If in such elements of the part there is a local drilling, recess, etc., then a local cut is made, as shown in fig. 21, 22, 53. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

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6.6. Plates, as well as elements of parts (holes, chamfers, grooves, grooves, etc.) with a size (or difference in size) in the drawing of 2 mm or less are depicted with a deviation from the scale adopted for the entire image, upward. 6.7. A slight taper or bias is allowed to be depicted with magnification. In those images in which the slope or taper is not clearly detected, for example, the main view of the devil. 54a or top view in fig. 54b, only one line is drawn, corresponding to the smaller size of the element with a slope or the smaller base of the cone. 6.8. If it is necessary to highlight the flat surfaces of the object in the drawing, diagonals are drawn on them with solid thin lines (Fig. 55). 6.9. Objects or elements that have a constant or regularly changing cross-section (shafts, chains, rods, shaped rolling, connecting rods, etc.) are allowed to be depicted with discontinuities. Partial images and images with discontinuities shall be limited in one of the following ways: a) a solid thin line with a break, which may extend beyond the image outline by a length of 2 to 4 mm. This line can be inclined relative to the contour line (Fig. 56a);

B) a solid wavy line connecting the corresponding contour lines (Fig. 56b);

C) hatching lines (Fig. 5bc).

(Modified edition, Rev. № 2). 6.10. In the drawings of objects with a continuous mesh, braid, ornament, relief, knurling, etc., it is allowed to depict these elements in part, with possible simplification (Fig. 57).

6.11. To simplify the drawings or reduce the number of images, it is allowed: a) to depict the part of the object located between the observer and the cutting plane with a dash-dotted thickened line directly on the section (superimposed projection, Fig. 58); b) apply complex cuts (Fig. 59);

C) to show the holes in the hubs of gears, pulleys, etc., as well as for keyways, instead of a complete image of the part, give only the outline of the hole (Fig. 60) or groove (Fig. 52); d) depict in section the holes located on the round flange when they do not fall into the cutting plane (Fig. 15). 6.12. If the top view is not necessary and the drawing is made up of images on the frontal and profile planes of the projections, then with a stepped section, the section line and the inscriptions related to the section are applied as shown in Fig. 61.

6.11, 6.12. (Modified edition, Amendment No. 2). 6.13. Conventions and simplifications allowed in permanent connections, in drawings of electrical and radio engineering devices, gearing, etc., are established by the relevant standards. 6.14. The conventional graphic designation "rotated" must correspond to the drawing. 62 and "deployed" - damn. 63.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2). APPENDIX in accordance with GOST 2.317-69.

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Verchenko, Yu.I. Stepanov, Ya.G. Old resident, B. Ya. Kabakov, V.K. Anopov 2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED INTO ACTION by the Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in December 1967 3. The standard is fully consistent with ST SEV 363-88 4. REPLACE GOST 3453-59 in part of Sec. I - V, VII and Appendices 5. EDITION (April 2000) with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in September 1987, August 1989 (IUS 12-87, 12-89)

1. Basic provisions and definitions. 1 2. Views .. 3 3. Cuts .. 6 4. Sections. 9 5. External elements .. 11 6. Conventions and simplifications. 12

A building, or any structure in the plan, is divided by conditional center lines into a number of segments. These lines defining the position of the main supporting structures are called longitudinal and transverse coordination axes.

The interval between the coordination axes in the building plan is called a step, and in the prevailing direction, the step can be longitudinal or transverse.

In the event that the distance between the coordination longitudinal axes coincides with the span, overlap or covering of the main supporting structure, then this interval is called a span.

For the height of the floor H This is the distance from the floor level of the selected floor to the floor level of the above floor. By the same principle, the height of the upper floor is also determined, and the thickness of the attic overlap is taken conditionally equal to the thickness of the interfloor overlap with. In industrial one-story buildings, the height of the floor is equal to the distance from the floor to the bottom surface of the covering structure.

In order to determine the relative position of parts of the building, a grid of coordination axes is used, which determines the supporting structures of this structure.

Drawing of coordination axes.

The focal axes are drawn with a dash-dotted thin lines and marked inside circles with a diameter of 6 to 12 mm. The diameter of the circles should correspond to the scale of the drawing: 6 mm - for 1: 400 and less; 8 mm - for 1: 200 - 1: 100; 10 mm - for 1:50; 12 mm for 1:25; 1:20; 1:10. The direction of the axes marking is applied from left to right, horizontally and from bottom to top, vertically.

If the coordination axes of the opposite sides of the plan do not coincide, the designations of these axes at the points of divergence are additionally applied on the upper and / or right sides. For individual elements located between the coordination axes of the main supporting structures, additional axes are applied and denoted as a fraction:

above the line indicate the designation of the previous coordination axis;
under the line - an additional serial number within the area between adjacent coordination axes in accordance with the figure.

It is allowed to assign digital and letter designations to the coordination axes of half-timbered columns in the continuation of the designations of the axes of the main columns without an additional number.

Coordination axes are bound according to the rules described in clause 4. GOST 28984-91... Example:

The binding of load-bearing walls made of piece materials to the coordination axes should be carried out in compliance with the following rules:

a) when resting directly on the walls of the coating slabs, the inner surface of the wall should be attributed from the longitudinal coordination axis at a distance of 130 mm for brick walls and 150 mm for block walls;
b) when supporting the walls of the supporting structures of the coating (beams) with a brick wall thickness of 380 mm or more (for blocks of 400 m and more), the longitudinal coordination axis should run at a distance of 250 mm from the inner surface of the wall (300 mm for a wall made of blocks);
c) with brick walls 380 mm thick with pilasters 130 mm wide, the distance from the longitudinal axis to the inner surface of the wall should be 130 mm;
d) for brick walls of any thickness with pilasters more than 130 mm thick, the inner surface of the walls is aligned with the coordination axis ("zero" reference);
e) the attachment of the bearing end wall when the covering slabs are supported on it should be taken the same as when the covering slabs are supported on the longitudinal wall;
f) the geometric axes of the internal bearing walls must be aligned with the coordination axes.

When supporting floor slabs for the entire thickness of the bearing wall, it is allowed to combine the outer coordination plane of the walls with the coordination axis (Fig. 9d).

Coordination axis marking.

Coordination axes are marked with Arabic numerals and capital letters, with the exception of symbols: 3, J, O, X, S, b, b... The numbers indicate the axes on the side of the building with the largest number of coordination axes. Axis markings are usually located on the left and bottom sides of the building plan. The height of the font designating the coordination axes is chosen one or two numbers more than the size of the numbers on the same sheet. Omissions in the numerical and letter designations of the coordination axes are not allowed.

In the image of a repeating element tied to several coordination axes, the coordination axes are designated in accordance with the figure:

"A" - when the number of coordination axes is not more than 3;
"B" - "" "" more than 3;
"In" - for all alphabetic and digital coordination axes.

If necessary, the orientation of the coordination axis to which the element is attached with respect to the adjacent axis is indicated in accordance with the figure.

The construction of the main elements of buildings is carried out using modular coordination of dimensions in construction (MCRS), according to which the dimensions of the main volume-planning elements of the building must be multiples of the module.
The main module is taken equal to 100 mm.
The main structural elements (load-bearing walls, columns) of the building are located along the modular coordination axes(longitudinal and transverse). The distance between the coordination axes in low-rise buildings is taken as multiples of the 3M module (300 mm).
To determine the relative position of building elements, apply grid of coordinate axes.
Coordination axes are drawn with dash-dotted thin lines and are usually designated along the left and lower sides of the plan, marked, starting from the lower left corner, with Arabic numerals (from left to right) and capital letters of the Russian alphabet (from bottom to top) in circles with a diameter of 6 ... 12 mm (Fig. . 2).

Fig. 2. An example of marking the coordination axes

Dimensions (edit) on construction drawings they are affixed in millimeters and are applied, as a rule, in the form of a closed chain.
Dimension lines are limited by serifs - short strokes 2 ... 4 mm long, drawn with an inclination to the right at an angle of 45 ° to the dimension line. Dimension lines should protrude 1 ... 3 mm beyond the extreme extension lines. The dimension number is located above the dimension line at a distance of 1 ... 2 mm (Fig. 3, a).
To denote secant plane positions a section or section of a building, an open line is used in the form of separate thickened strokes with arrows indicating the direction of view. The cut line is designated with Arabic numerals (Fig. 3, c). Start and end strokes must not intersect the outline of the image.
Height dimensions of buildings (floor heights) are assigned in multiples of modules. Floor height a building is defined as the distance from the floor of a given floor to the floor of the above floor. In projects of residential buildings, the floor height is taken to be 2.8; 3.0; 3.3 m.
On the facades and sections, high-rise marks the level of an element or structure of a building from any design level, taken as zero. Most often, the level of the finished floor (floor covering) of the first floor is taken as the zero level (mark ± 0.000).
Level marks are indicated in meters with three decimal places without designation of units of length and are placed on extension lines in the form of an arrow with a shelf. The sides of the right angle of the arrow are drawn with a solid thick main line at an angle of 45 ° to the extension line (Fig. 4).

Fig. 3. Inscription of the dimensions and position of the cuts:

a - sizes and dimension lines; b - arrow of the direction of gaze;
in - the positions of the cuts

Fig. 4. Drawing level marks on views:

a - the dimensions of the level mark; b - examples of location and design
level marks on cuts and sections; c - the same, with explanatory inscriptions;
d - an example of the image of a level sign on the plans

The mark sign may be accompanied by explanatory inscriptions: Ур.ч.п - the level of the finished floor; Ur.z. - ground level.
The marks on the plans are drawn in rectangles (Fig. 4, d). Levels above the zero level are indicated with a plus sign (for example, + 2,700), below zero - with a minus sign (for example, - 0.200).
The following are accepted in the construction drawings denomination types of buildings.
IN naming plans the building indicates the elevation of the finished floor of the floor, the floor number or the designation of the corresponding plane; when executing a part of the plan - the axes that limit this part, for example:
Elevation plan +3,000;
2nd floor plan;
Plan 3–3;
Elevation plan 0.000 in axes 21–39, A – D.
IN the names of the sections buildings are indicated by the designation of the corresponding cutting plane (in Arabic numerals), for example, Section 1-1.
IN the name of the facades buildings indicate the extreme axes between which the facade is located, for example:
Facade 1–5;
Facade 12-1;
Facade A – G.
To multi-layer structures are carried out callouts located on the shelves in a straight line,
ending with an arrow (fig. 5). The sequence of inscriptions (material or design of layers with an indication of their thickness) to individual layers must correspond to the sequence of their location in the drawing from top to bottom and from left to right.
On the leader lines ending with a shelf, additional explanations to the drawing or item numbers of elements in the specification are placed.

Fig. 5. Examples of execution of callouts

Graphic symbols materials in sections and sections of buildings and structures are given in Appendix. 3. The distance between the parallel lines of hatching is selected within 1 ... 10 mm, depending on the area of the hatching and the scale of the image. Material designations are not used in drawings if the material is homogeneous, if the dimensions of the image do not allow the designation to be applied.
Conditional graphic images of building elements and sanitary devices are given in Appendix. four.

Appendix 3

GRAPHIC DESIGNATION OF MATERIALS IN Cuts,
SECTIONS AND VIEWS

Appendix 4

GRAPHICS OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

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Coordination axes are applied to images of a building or structure with thin dash-dotted lines with long strokes, denoted by Arabic numerals and capital letters of the Russian alphabet (except for letters: E, Z, Y, O, X, Ts, Ch, Sh, b, Y, B) in circles with a diameter of 6 - 12 mm.

Omissions in digital and alphabetic (except for those indicated) designations of the coordination axes are not allowed.

The numbers indicate the coordination axes on the side of the building and structure with a large number of axes. If there are not enough letters of the alphabet to designate the coordinate axes, the subsequent axes are designated by two letters.

Example - AA; BB; BB.

The sequence of digital and letter designations of the coordination axes is taken according to the plan from left to right and from bottom to top (Figure 10 but) or as shown in figures 10 b,in.

The designation of the coordination axes, as a rule, is applied to the left and lower sides of the building and structure plan.

If the coordination axes of the opposite sides of the plan do not coincide, the designations of these axes at the points of divergence are additionally applied on the upper and / or right sides.

For individual elements located between the coordination axes of the main supporting structures, additional axes are applied and denoted as a fraction:

Above the line indicate the designation of the previous coordination axis;

Below the line is an additional serial number within the area between adjacent coordination axes in accordance with Figure 10 r.

Figure 10 - Designations of the coordination axes

In the image of a repeating element tied to several coordination axes, the coordination axes are designated in accordance with Figure 11:

- "a" - when the number of coordination axes is not more than 3;

- "b" - "" "" more than 3;

- "in" - for all alphabetic and digital coordination axes.

If necessary, the orientation of the coordination axis to which the element is attached with respect to the adjacent axis is indicated in accordance with Figure 11. r.

Figure 11 - Orientation of the coordination axes

To designate the coordination axes of the block-sections of residential buildings, the index "c" is used.

Example - 1s, 2s, Ac, Bs.

On the plans of residential buildings, composed of block sections, the designations of the extreme coordination axes of the block sections are indicated without an index in accordance with Figure 12.

Figure 12 - Designation of the coordination axes

in block sections

Dimensioning, slopes, marks, inscriptions. Linear dimensions and maximum deviations of linear dimensions in the drawings are indicated in millimeters, without designation of the unit of measurement.

The dimension line at its intersection with extension lines, contour lines or center lines is limited by serifs in the form of thick main lines 2 to 4 mm long, drawn with an inclination to the right at an angle of 45 ° to the dimension line by 1 to 3 mm.

When drawing the dimension of the diameter or radius inside the circle, as well as the angular dimension, the dimension line is limited by arrows. Arrows are also used when dimensioning radii and internal fillets.

When drawing the size of a straight segment, the dimension line is drawn parallel to this segment, and extension lines - perpendicular to the dimension lines.

It is preferable to apply dimensions outside the outline of the image, avoiding the intersection of extension and dimension lines if possible. If it is necessary to apply a dimension in the shaded area, the corresponding dimension number is applied on the shelf of the leader line.

The minimum distance between parallel dimension lines should be 7 mm, and between the dimension line and the contour line - 10 mm and is selected depending on the size and shape of the image, as well as the saturation of the drawing.

Dimension numbers are applied above the dimension line as close to its middle as possible.

Levels (heights, depths) of structural elements, equipment, pipelines, air ducts, etc. from the reference level (conditional "zero" mark) are designated with a conventional sign in accordance with Figure 13 and are indicated in meters with three decimal places separated from an integer by a comma.

Figure 13 - Level mark designation

The "zero" mark, taken, as a rule, for the surface of any structural element of a building or structure located near the planned surface of the earth, is indicated without a sign; marks above zero - with a "+" sign; below zero - with a "-" sign.

In views (facades), sections and sections, the marks are indicated on extension lines or contour lines in accordance with Figure 14, on plans - in a rectangle in accordance with Figure 15.

Figure 14 - Indication of level marks on the sections

Figure 15 - Indication of marks on the plans

On the plans, the direction of the slope of the planes is indicated by an arrow, above which, if necessary, the slope is put down in percent in accordance with Figure 16 or in the form of a ratio of height and length (for example, 1: 7).

It is allowed, if necessary, to indicate the slope in ppm, in the form of a decimal fraction with an accuracy of the third decimal place. In the drawings and diagrams, in front of the dimension number that determines the value of the slope, the sign "Ð" is applied, the acute angle of which should be directed towards the slope.

The slope designation is applied directly above the contour line or on the shelf of the leader line.

Figure 16 - Indication of the direction and magnitude of the slope of the plane

Near the images on the shelves of the leader lines, only brief inscriptions are applied directly to the image of the object, for example, instructions on the number of structural elements (holes, grooves, etc.), if they are not included in the table, as well as indications of the front side, direction rolled products, fibers, etc.

A leader line intersecting the contour of the image and not retracted from any line ends with a point (Figure 17 but).

The leader line drawn from the lines of the visible and invisible contour, as well as from the lines denoting the surfaces, ends with an arrow (Figure 17 b,in).

Figure 17 - Drawing leader lines

Lead-out inscriptions to multi-layer structures should be performed in accordance with Figure 18.

Figure 18 - Application of an inscription to multilayer structures

Position numbers (element marks) are applied on the shelves of the leader lines drawn from the images of the component parts of the object, next to the image without the leader line or within the contours of the depicted parts of the object in accordance with Figure 19.

With a small-scale image, the leader lines end without an arrow and a point.

Figure 19 - Applying the positions of the elements of objects

Leader lines should not intersect each other, be non-parallel to the hatching lines (if the leader line passes along the shaded field) and, if possible, do not intersect dimension lines and image elements to which the inscription placed on the shelf does not apply.

It is allowed to carry out leader lines with one break (Figure 20), as well as draw two or more leader lines from one shelf (Figure 21).

The inscriptions directly related to the image can contain no more than two lines, located above and below the leader line shelf.

The font size for the designation of the coordinate axes and positions (marks) should be one or two numbers larger than the font size adopted for dimension numbers in the same drawing.

The text part placed in the drawing field is placed above the title block.

It is not allowed to place images, tables, etc. between the text part and the title block.

On sheets larger than A1, text can be placed in two or more columns. The column width should be no more than 185 mm.

Tables are placed in the free space of the drawing field to the right of the image or below it.

Tables placed on the drawing are numbered within the drawing if there are references to them in the technical requirements. In this case, above the table on the right, put the word "Table" with a serial number (without the number sign).

If there is only one table in the drawing, then it is not numbered and the word "Table" is not written.

When performing a drawing on two or more sheets, the text part is placed only on the first sheet, regardless of the sheets on which the images are located, to which the instructions given in the text part refer.

The inscriptions related to individual elements of the subject and applied on the shelves of the leader lines are placed on those sheets of the drawing on which they are most necessary for the convenience of reading the drawing.

The legends on the drawings are not underlined.

To designate images (views, sections, sections), surfaces, dimensions and other elements of the product in the drawing, capital letters of the Russian alphabet are used, with the exception of the letters Y, O, X, b, Y, b.

Letter designations are assigned in alphabetical order without repetition and, as a rule, without gaps, regardless of the number of sheets in the drawing. It is preferable to designate images first.

In case of a lack of letters, digital indexing is used, for example: "Type A"; "View A 1"; "View A 2"; "B-B"; "B 1 -B 1"; "B 2 -B 2". Letter designations underline.

If the designations are applied by machine, then they are allowed not to underline.

The font size of the letter designations should be approximately twice the size of the dimension numbers used in the same drawing.

The scale of the image in the drawing, which differs from that indicated in the title block, is indicated directly under the inscription related to the image, for example:

If in the drawing it is difficult to find additional images (sections, sizes, additional views, external elements) due to the high saturation of the drawing or its execution on two or more sheets, then additional images are marked with the numbers of sheets or designations of the zones on which these images are placed (figure 22).

Figure 22 - Indication of sheet numbers in addition to the image

In these cases, above the additional images, their designations indicate the sheet numbers or designations of the zones on which the additional images are marked (Figure 23).

Figure 23 - Implementation of inscriptions over additional images

The interval between the coordination axes in the building plan is called a step, and in the prevailing direction, the step can be longitudinal or transverse.

Coordination axis marking

In the event that the distance between the coordination longitudinal axes coincides with the span, overlap or covering of the main supporting structure, then this interval is called a span.

Floor height in a multi-storey residential building

For the height of the floor H et, the distance from the floor level of the selected floor to the floor level of the above floor is taken. By the same principle, the height of the upper floor is also determined, and the thickness of the attic overlap is taken conditionally equal to the thickness of the interfloor overlap with. In industrial one-story buildings, the height of the floor is equal to the distance from the floor to the bottom surface of the covering structure.

In order to determine the relative position of parts of the building, a grid of coordination axes is used, which determines the supporting structures of this structure.

The focal axes are drawn with dash-dotted thin lines and marked inside circles with a diameter of 6 to 12 mm.

Floor height in a one-story building

Coordination axes are marked with Arabic numerals and capital letters, with the exception of symbols: 3, Y, O, X, Y, b, b.

The height of the font designating the coordination axes is chosen one or two numbers more than the size of the numbers on the same sheet.

The numbers indicate the axes on the side of the building with the largest number of coordination axes.

The direction of the axes marking is applied from left to right, horizontally and from bottom to top, vertically.

Axis markings are usually located on the left and bottom sides of the building plan.

The coordinate axis of the outer wall is located at a distance a = 100 mm, observing the indent for installing floor slabs.

Coordination axes of external and internal walls

1 - Foundations and blocks; 2 - foundations; 3 - columns of the extreme row; 4 - columns of the middle row; 5 - crane beams; 6 - covering beams; 7 - cover plates;

8 - Funnel of the drain; 9 - insulation and roofing; 10 - parapet; 11 - wall panels;

12 - Window sashes; 13 - floor; 14 - lantern; 15 - roof trusses

Stamps of the main sets of working drawings (sample from GOST R 21.1101-2009)

The letters a, b, c indicate the longitudinal coordination axes;

The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 denote the transverse coordination axes

1) Middle column; 2) crane girder; 3) floor slabs;

4) Wall panel; 5) rafter beam; 6) wall column

A) in the middle rows; b-e) in the extreme rows; f) at the ends; g-i) in places of height difference, expansion and expansion joints (on paired columns)

3.1. Conditional graphic images on drawings of buildings and engineering systems

The image of sanitary devices on the plans

A) grid of coordination axes; b) binding of walls, marking of partitions; c) drawing details; d) dimensioning and design

A) drawing the axes and contours of the building; b, c) marking and drawing of facade details; d) dimensioning and design

A) drawing axes and horizontal levels; b) the image of the contours of the main structural elements of the building; c) drawing details of the interior of the building; d) dimensioning and design

Different floors on the plan: a) sectional staircase; b, c, d) plans of stairs on different floors

d) e)

Fig. 7.Variants of drawing coordination axes

are marked with letters from the center to the periphery and numbers - clockwise from the left horizontal axis (Fig. 7 a, 7b). It is customary to mark the axes on the lower and left sides of the building plan. If the axes of the opposite sides of the building do not coincide, then they are marked on each side, respectively (Fig. 7g). For any elements

of goods located between the coordination axes of the main supporting structures (for example, columns in a building scheme with an incomplete frame), additional axes are applied. These axes are indicated by a fraction: the numerator indicates the designation of the previous coordination axis, and the denominator indicates an additional serial number within the area between adjacent coordination axes (Fig. 7d). It is allowed not to assign additional numbers to the axes of half-timbered columns, but to designate them in continuation of the designation of the axes of the main columns.

2.3. Snapping walls to coordinate axes

In the drawings of buildings, the role of the coordinate grid is played by the coordination axes of the main walls. After drawing the coordinate axes on the plan, perform binding to them structural elements, first of all, external and internal load-bearing walls and supports. Snapping is carried out by dimensioning from the axis to both sides of the wall or column. In this case, the axis of the wall is not drawn along its entire length, but is extended only by the amount necessary for setting the size of the binding. It is customary to draw the axes of the supporting columns with two mutually perpendicular segments of dash-dotted lines.

The coordinate axes do not always coincide with the geometric axes of the walls. Their position is set taking into account the dimensions of standard spans of beams, trusses and floor slabs. In the example in Fig. 8 for clarity, the layout of the floor panels and their support on the walls is partially shown. The panels are drawn with rectangles with thin diagonals.

Fig. 8.Solid wall references in the building plan

Binding of walls to modular coordination axes in buildings with load-bearing longitudinal or transverse walls is carried out based on the following guidelines:

on the inner walls, their geometric axis, as a rule, is

fits with the coordination axis (fig. 9, but; fig. 8, axis B, axis 3);

it is allowed not to combine geometric and coordination

axis of walls of staircases, walls with ventilation ducts, etc .;

in the walls of the stairwells, the axes are drawn at a distance that is a multiple of the modulus from the inner (facing towards the stairs) face of the wall (Fig. 9, b; fig. eight, axis 2);

in external load-bearing walls, the coordination axis is drawn from

a B C D)

Fig. 9.Structural wall snap options

the inner (facing the room) face of the wall at a distance equal to half the thickness of the corresponding inner bearing wall (Fig. 9, in; fig. eight, axis A, B-axis, axis 4);

in the external self-supporting walls, the so-called

null binding - the coordination axis is aligned with the internal

wall edge - (fig. 9, r; fig. eight, axis 1);

if the outer wall is in different parts of the

cabbage ( section of the wall along the A axis between axes 1 and 3) and self-supporting ( section of the wall along the A axis between axes 3 and 4), then the coordination axis is oriented along the bearing section (Fig. 8);

the binding of columns and walls of industrial buildings depends on their

positions in one of the rows (middle, extreme or end); variants of such bindings are shown in Fig. 10.

but) b) in)

d) e) e)

g) h) and)

Fig. 10.Bindings of columns to coordination axes:

1. Rules for the design of architectural and construction drawings (according to GOST 21.501-93): implementation of the building plan.

General information.

Basic and working drawings are performed in line drawing, using lines of different thicknesses, due to which the necessary expressiveness of the image is achieved. In this case, the elements caught in the section are highlighted with a thicker line, and the visible areas behind the section are distinguished with a thinner one. The smallest thickness of lines made in a pencil is taken approximately 0.3 mm, in ink - 0.2 mm, the maximum line thickness is 1.5 mm. The line thickness is selected depending on the scale of the drawing and its content - plan, elevation, section or detail.

The scale images in the drawings should be selected from the following series: to reduce -1: 2; 1: 5; 1:10; 1:20; 1:25; 1:50; 1: 100; 1: 200; 1: 400; 1: 500; 1: 800; 1: 1000; 1: 2000; 1: 5000; 1:10 000; to increase - 2: 1; 10: 1; 20: 1; 50: 1; 100: 1.

The choice of scale depends on the content of the drawing (plans, elevations, sections, details) and the size of the object depicted in the drawing. Plans, facades, sections of small buildings are usually made on a scale of 1:50; drawings of large buildings are performed on a smaller scale, - 1: 100 or 1: 200; very large industrial buildings sometimes require a scale of 1: 400 - 1: 500. Nodes and details of any buildings are performed on a scale of 1: 2 - 1:25.

Coordination axes, dimension and extension lines. Coordination axes determine the position of structural elements of the building, the sizes of steps and spans. The axial lines are applied with a dash-dotted thin line with long strokes and are designated by marks that are put in circles.

On building plans, longitudinal axes, as a rule, are taken out to the left of the drawing, transverse ones - from below. If the location of the axes of the opposite sides of the plan does not coincide, then their markings are placed on all sides of the plan. In this case, the numbering is made continuous. The transverse axes are marked with ordinal Arabic numerals from left to right, and the longitudinal axes are marked with capital letters of the Russian alphabet (except for E, Z, Y, O, X, Y, E) down up.

The diameter of the circles should correspond to the scale of the drawing: 6 mm - for 1: 400 and less; 8 mm - for 1: 200 - 1: 100; 10 mm - for 1:50; 12 mm - for 1:25; 1:20; 1:10 ..

The font size for the designation of the axes should be 1.5-2 times larger than the font size of the dimension numbers used in the drawing. Axis markings on sections, facades, nodes and details must correspond to the plan.
To apply dimensions in the drawing, dimension and extension lines are drawn. Dimension lines (external) are drawn outside the outline of the drawing in an amount from two to four in accordance with the nature of the object and the design stage. On the first line from the drawing, the lines indicate the sizes of the smallest articulations, on the next - the larger ones. On the last dimension line, the total size between the extreme axes is indicated with the binding of these axes to the outer edges of the walls. Dimension lines should be applied so that reading the drawing itself is not difficult. Based on this, the first line is drawn at a distance from the drawing not closer than 15-21 mm. The distance between the dimension lines is taken at 6-8 mm.
The segments on the dimension lines corresponding to the dimensions of the external elements of the walls (windows, piers, etc.) are limited by extension lines, which should be applied, starting at a short distance (3-4 mm) from the drawing, to the intersection with the dimension line. The intersection points are fixed with serifs with a slope of 45 °. With very closely spaced small dimensions in the drawings of parts and assemblies, it is allowed to replace the notches with points. Dimension lines should protrude 1-3 mm beyond the extreme extension lines.

The internal dimension lines indicate the linear dimensions of the premises, the thickness of partitions and internal walls, the width of door openings, etc. These lines should be drawn at a sufficient distance from the internal edges of the walls or partitions so as not to obstruct the reading of the drawing.

Rules for drawing up plans drawings in accordance with the requirements of ESKD and SPDS (schematic drawing): a - coordination axes; b - dimension lines; in-extension lines; g - area of premises; d - cut lines (dimensions are given in millimeters).

Dimension and extension lines are drawn with a thin solid line. All dimensions are in millimeters without dimension designation. The numbers are applied above the dimension line parallel to it and as close as possible to the middle of the segment. The height of the numbers is chosen depending on the scale of the drawing and should be at least 2.5 mm when done in ink and 3.5 mm when done in pencil.

^ Level marks and slopes. Elevations determine the position of architectural and structural elements on sections and facades, and on plans - if there are differences in floor levels. The level marks are measured from the conditional zero mark, which, as a rule, is taken for buildings as the level of the finished floor or the upper edge of the first floor overlap. Marks below zero are indicated with a "-" sign, marks above zero are indicated without a sign. The numerical value of the marks is put down in meters with three decimal places without specifying the dimension.

Rules for applying marks, dimensions and other designations on sections in accordance with the requirements of ESKD and SPDS (schematic drawing).

To designate elevations on facades, sections and sections, a conventional sign is used in the form of an arrow with an inclination of the sides to the horizontal at an angle of 45 °, based on the contour line of the element (for example, the face of the plane of a clean floor or ceiling) or on the extension line of the element level (for example, the top or the bottom of a window opening, horizontal protrusions, exterior walls). In this case, the marks of the external elements are taken out of the drawing, and the internal ones are placed inside the drawing.

On the plans, the marks are applied in a rectangle or on the shelf of the leader line, indicating the sign "+" or "-". On architectural plans, marks are usually put in a rectangle, on structural drawings to indicate the bottom of channels, pits, various holes in the floors - on the leader line.

The value of the slope on the sections should be indicated in the form of a simple or decimal fraction (up to the third decimal place) and designated with a special sign, the acute angle of which is directed towards the slope. This designation is applied above the contour line or on the shelf of the leader line

On the plans, the direction of the slope of the planes should be indicated by an arrow indicating the slope above it

Designation of cuts and sections show an open line (trace of the beginning and end of the cutting plane), which is carried out outside the image. With a complex broken section, they show traces of intersection of cutting planes

At a distance of 2-3 mm from the ends of the open line out of the drawing, arrows are applied, which indicate the direction of sight. Cuts and sections are marked with numbers or letters of the Russian alphabet, which are located under the arrows in cross sections and on the side from the outer side of the arrows - in longitudinal sections. For the shape and dimensions of the arrows, see the figure on the right.

^ Designation of areas of premises. Areas, expressed in square meters with two decimal places without a dimension, are usually placed in the lower right corner of the plan of each room. The numbers underline.

In the drawings of projects of residential buildings, in addition, they mark the residential and useful (total) area of each apartment, which is indicated by a fraction, in the numerator of which the living area of the apartment is indicated, in the denominator - useful. The fraction is preceded by a number indicating the number of rooms in the apartment. This designation is located on the plan of a large room or, if the area of the drawing allows, on the plan of the front.

^ Callouts, explaining the names of individual structural parts in the nodes, are placed on a broken leader line, the inclined section of which with a dot or arrow at the end faces the part, and the horizontal one serves as a shelf as the basis for the inscription. At a small scale of the drawing, the leader line is allowed to end without an arrow and a point.

Lead-out inscriptions to multilayer structures are applied in the form of so-called "flags". The sequence of inscriptions related to individual layers must correspond to the order of the layers in the structure from top to bottom or from left to right. The thickness of the layers is indicated in millimeters without dimension.

The marks of structural elements on the layout diagrams are applied on the shelves of the leader lines. It is allowed to combine several leader lines with a common shelf or put a mark without a leader next to the image of the elements or within the contour. The font size for the designation of marks must be larger than the font of the dimension numbers in the same drawing

Marking of nodes and fragments- an important element of the design of drawings, helping to read them. The main purpose of marking is to connect nodes and fragments rendered on a larger scale with detailing areas in the main drawing.

When placing nodes, the corresponding place on the facade, plan or section is marked with a closed solid line (circle or oval) with an indication of the leader line on the shelf with a number or letter of the serial number of the element being removed. If the node is located on another sheet, then under the shelf of the leader line, indicate the number of the sheet on which the node is placed

Above the image or on the side of the taken out node (regardless of which sheet it is placed on), a double circle is placed with the designation of the serial number of the node. The diameter of the circles is 10-14 mm

Technical construction drawings are accompanied by the names of individual images, textual explanations, tables of specifications, etc. For these purposes, a standard straight font with a letter height of 2.5 is used; 3.5; 7; 10; 14 mm. In this case, the font is 5; 7; 10 mm is used for the names of the graphic part of the drawing; heights of 2.5 and 3.5 mm - for text material (notes, stamp filling, etc.), heights of 10 and 14 mm - mainly for illustrative drawings. The names of the images are located above the drawings. These titles and titles of textual explanations are underlined line by line with a solid line. BOM and other table headings are placed above but not underlined.

^ Floor plan.

In the names of plans in the drawings, it is necessary to follow the accepted terminology; architectural plans should indicate the elevation of the finished floor or the floor number, for example “Plan at elev. 0.000 "," Plan of 3-16 floors ", it is allowed to indicate the purpose of the floor premises in the names of the plans, for example," Technical underground plan "," Attic plan "

Floor plan depicted in the form of a section by a horizontal plane passing at the level of window and door openings (slightly above the window sill) or 1/3 of the height of the depicted floor. With a multi-tiered arrangement of windows on one floor, the plan is depicted within the window openings of the lower tier. All structural elements that fall into the section (steles, pillars, columns) are outlined with a thickened line

The following are applied to the floor plans:

1) the coordination axes of the building with a dash-dotted thin line;

2) chains of external and internal dimensions, including the distances between the coordination axes, the thickness of walls, partitions, the dimensions of window and door openings (while the internal dimensions are applied inside the drawing, the external ones are applied outside);

3) marks of the levels of clean floors (only in the case of the location of floors at different levels);

4) cut lines (cut lines are drawn, as a rule, in such a way that the openings of windows, external gates and doors fall into the cut);

5) marking of window and door openings, lintels (it is allowed to indicate the marking of openings of gates and doors in circles with a diameter of 5 mm);

5) designation of nodes and fragments of plans;

6) the names of the premises, their area

It is allowed to name the premises, their area should be given in the explication in form 2. In this case, instead of the names of the premises, their numbers are put on the plans.

Form 2

Explication of premises

Built-in rooms and other sections of the building, on which separate drawings are made, are shown schematically by a solid thin line showing the supporting structures.

Platforms, mezzanines and other structures located above the secant plane are shown schematically by a dash-dotted thin line with two dots

^ An example of a floor plan for a residential building:

Floor plan elements.