The useful model refers to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the stamping of parts by elastic media from tubular blanks. The stamp contains a matrix consisting of the upper and lower parts, a punch, an elastic medium. The matrix is \u200b\u200blocated in the container and it has a tubular blank with an elastic medium placed in it, in the lower and upper parts of the matrix, a hole of the variable diameter is performed, which ensures the crimping of end portions of the tubular billet and the distribution of its middle part. The technical result is to increase the technological capabilities of the operation of stamping parts from tubular blanks due to the simultaneous compression and distribution of the tubular billet.

The useful model refers to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the stamping of parts by elastic media from tubular blanks.

A device for distribution of pipes is known (Polyurethane Polyurethane Production / V.A. Khodayrev - Perm: 1993. - C.218, see page 125), consisting of a detachable matrix, punch. The matrix contains a tubular blank, inside which is placed elastic medium. This device allows you to produce parts from pipes by distribution of tubular billets with elastic media over a rigid matrix.

The disadvantage of this device lies in its low technological capabilities. The device allows only the distribution of the pipe, which is manifested in an increase in the size of the cross section of the tubular billet, determined by the limit coefficient of formulation.

The task of the claimed utility model is to increase the technological capabilities of the operation of stamping parts from tubular blanks. The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model is to increase the technological capabilities of the operation of stamping parts from tubular blanks due to the simultaneous compression and distribution of the tubular billet.

This is achieved by the fact that in the stamp for distribution and crimping a tubular blank containing a matrix consisting of the upper and lower parts, a punch, an elastic medium, in the lower and upper parts of the matrix, a hole of the variable diameter is made, providing crimping of end areas of the tubular billet and distribution of its average Parts.

The new in the declared device is that the matrix is \u200b\u200blocated in the container and at the bottom and upper parts of the matrix, an alternating diameter hole is made, which ensures the crimping of the terminal sections of the tubular billet and the distribution of its middle part.

Due to the fact that the matrix consisting of the upper and lower parts is located in the container, ensures reliable movement of the upper part of the matrix, because The container serves as a guide for it. Due to the fact that in the lower and upper parts of the matrix, a hole of an alternating diameter is made, providing crimping of end portions of a tubular billet and the distribution of its middle part, together with the rest of the signs, it is ensured simultaneous compression of the ends of the tubular billet and the distribution of its middle part. Due to the fact that in parts of the matrix, a hole of the variable diameter is made so that in those places of the matrix, where the terminal sections of the tubular billet are installed, the hole diameter is performed less than the diameter of the pipe blank, it will ensure the compression of the terminal sections of the workpiece. Due to the fact that the diameter of the alternating hole, namely, is made in large than the diameter of the tubular billet in those parts of the matrix, where the middle part of the tubular billet will be possible to distribute its middle part. In addition, the execution of the hole in the parts of the matrix by variable diameter, i.e. From the diameter, the smaller diameter of the pipe billet, to the diameter, the larger diameter of the pipe blank, provides a vertical installation of the tubular billet in the matrix.

The structure of the stamp allows you to perform simultaneously crimping the terminal sections of the tubular billet and the distribution of its middle part.

The applicant is not known to objects with this set of essential features, therefore, the claimed technical solution has novelty.

Useful model is explained graphically. The figure shows a stamp for distribution and crimping tubular blanks.

The stamp includes the lower part 1 of the matrix, the container 2. At the bottom of 1, the matrix is \u200b\u200binstalled vertically tubular billet 3. The stamp also includes the upper part of the matrix, the elastic medium 5, for example, polyurethane granules. From the workpiece 3, the finished part 6 is obtained. The elastic medium 5 is located in the tubular billet 3 and in the hole 8 of the variable diameter in the upper part of the matrix and in the hole 7 of the variable diameter in the lower part 1 of the matrix, the stamp also includes Punson 9.

The stamp operates as follows: The lower part 1 of the matrix is \u200b\u200binstalled in the container 2, the tubular billet 3 is vertically inserted inside the bottom of the matrix, and the top of 4 matrix is \u200b\u200binstalled on top. In the hole 8 in the upper part of the 4 matrix, the elastic medium 5 is covered inside the tubular billet 3 and into the hole 7 at the bottom of 1 matrix. By moving the press slider (in FIG. It is not shown) with an efftive p movement PuNson 9, which causes the movement of the top 4 of the matrix, which leads to the movement of the tubular billet 3 into the hole 8 of the variable diameter in the top 4 of the matrix and to the movement of the tubular billet 3 The hole 7 of the variable diameter in the lower part 1 of the matrix, which leads to the burning of the end portions of the tubular billet 3. The force p is also transmitted to the elastic medium 5, through which in turn is transmitted to the walls of the tubular billet 3, which leads to the distribution of its middle part. After the output of the press and Punson 9 is output, the extrusion of the finished part 6 and the elastic medium 5 in the reverse sequence is made to the maximum upper position.

A stamp for distribution and crimping billets containing a matrix consisting of the upper and lower parts, a punch, an elastic medium, characterized in that the matrix is \u200b\u200blocated in the container and is made with the holes of the variable diameter in the lower and upper parts for the possibility of crimping the end portions of the tubular billet and Simultaneous distribution of its middle part.

About P and C A N E () 664722

Invented and Ya

Soviet Union

Socialist

D. N. Korneev (71) Applicant (54) Stamp for crimping billets

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used when stamping parts mainly from thin-leaf materials.

Known stamps for crimping, consisting of the lower part, placed on the press table, and the upper crimp matrix with a spring-loaded ejector installed inwards (1).

The workpiece is placed in the lower part, and the crimp is made by the top matrix for the punch of the press, the finished part from the top of the matrix is \u200b\u200bpushed by the spring-loaded ejector. The disadvantage of the famous stamp is that they can crimp parts only with relatively thick walls. The ratio of the thickness of the material to the diameter of the crimping circuit during the burnout in the known stamp is due and, in order to avoid formation of folds, it should not exceed certain values.

It is known that this disadvantage is partially eliminated in the stamp for crimping hollow blanks containing coaxially installed punches, clip for the outdoor billet backup, matrix, mandrel and ejector, the mandrel is made in the form of an elastic mage mounted on the poison and concentricly installed bushings, and on the ejector A profiled liner is installed, which is included in the opening of the inner sleeve of mandrel. Before 5 stakes of such a stamp in the fact that they can crimp only hollow through blanks without the bottom (2).

There is also a different stamp for crimping thin-walled blanks, containing the wallpaper, a matrix and a clamp, which includes an elastic punch with a pointers, an elastic buffer. The matrix is \u200b\u200bmade in the form of two coaxial parts, one of which is mounted on

15 bases and spring-loaded in the axial direction, and the other is installed concentricly punch with the possibility of axial movement with it, while the elastic buffer is located along the axis of the inter-20-powered stamp with a pointers and another part of the matrices and has a bble rigidity than elastic punching (3).

Stamp works as follows.

The billet is installed in the bottom of the matrix. When moving the press slider down, both parts of the matrix are closed, an elastic punch, compressing, fills the entire space of the matrix, pressing the workpiece to the walls of the matrix. With a further movement of the slider, the upper part of the Mat664722 rice crimps the workpiece, and the PRUson-holder of the PP of this moves up, squeezing the elastic buffer.

This device is the most close to the invention for technical essence and the result achieved.

However, the pressure with which the elastic punch presses the workpiece to the walls of the matrix, changes on the entire length of the prizes of the press, reaching its maximum value at the end of the course. It is not regulated and, ultimately, depends on the rigidity and dimensions of the elastic buffer.

The technological capabilities of the stamp are limited when burning hollow parts having a bottom. When burning, the details without the bottom, the compressed billet at the beginning of the movement of the upper part of the stamp is pressed to the matrix of the elastic punch until the elastic punch will not accept the initial shape. When burning the walls of the vessel having a bottom, all the pressure that creates an elastic buffer inside the workpiece is perceived by the walls of the vessel. This circumstance allows you to crimp only enough durable vessels that can withstand pressure created during compression.

The aim of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the stamp, namely, ensuring the possibility of the crimping of vessels with relatively thin walls and having a bottom without formation of folds by providing the possibility of regulating the pressure of Puinson's clamping.

The specified goal is achieved by the fact that the well-known stamp is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, the case of which is made in the matrix along its axis, and the piston is associated with an elastic punch, and the hydroaccumulator connected to the municipal cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The pipeline with a valve regulating the fluid pressure.

The presence of hydraulics allows you to adjust with valves inside the stamp (clamping force) to the reserve and remove this pressure, consistent with technological expediency, which is impossible to be done in known stamps.

The drawing shows a stamp in a section, and the left of the axis half of the drawing depicts a stamp in the open position, and the right thing in closed.

A stamp consists of a crimp matrix 1, reinforced on the press slider, with a piston placed inside it 2, at the bottom of which the Punson 3 of the elastic material was strengthened. The space above the piston is reported by pipeline 4 with hydroaccumulator 5 through the check valve 6 and the adjustable valve 7. The lower part of the stamp installed on the press table consists of a movable clip 8, spring-loaded PRU5

65 Line 9, and a fixed base of 10, on which the billet 11 will be installed.

Stamp works as follows.

The billet 11 is installed in the movable clip 8 for the base 10. When the press slider moves down, PUNSON 3 concerns the bottom of the workpiece, deformed and fills the billet cavity. The crimp matrix 1 with the bottom edge relates to the cutting 8 and with further movement down the elastic punch fills the entire cavity of the workpiece 11 and the cone of the crimp matrix 1 before the base of the matrix cone touches the top edge of the workpiece. Pressure over the piston 2 increases in the Valve adjustment PSSDs, and the piston 2 remains on the spot. M1RP Further movement slider down the pressure above the piston 2 increases sharply, and the liquid, overcoming the valve spring 7, flows into the hydroaccumulator 5. The piston 2 moves upwards, and the cone matrix 1 crimps the wall of the workpiece 11.

When the slider takes the extremely lower position, the pressure on the valve 7 is reset the pressure above the piston of it 2, under the action of elastic punch

3 Piston 2 moves upwards, and the elastic punch partially frees the cavity of the product. When the press slider moves up, the piston 2 moves down under the pressure of the hydroaccumulator 5. Difficulty into space above the piston goes through the check valve 6. The part 11 of the elastic punch 3 is pushed out of the crimping matrix.

The essential point for the stamp design is the ability to adjust the pressure of the clips and reset this pressure at the moment when the pressure inside the billet is perceived by the matrix.

Both of these circumstances in the aggregate expand the technological capabilities of the stamp, allow to crimp thin-walled parts, which are currently made by rotary exhaust and, ultimately, ensure an increase in labor productivity on these operations.

Claim

A stamp for crimping billets containing a clip mounted on the base, a matrix and a coaxial matrix of a clamping elastic punch, characterized in that, in order to ensure the possibility of regulating the PUNSON clamping force, it is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, the case of which is made in the matrix on its axis, and the piston The hydraulic cylinder is connected to an elastic punch, as well as a hydroaccumulator connected to an epipal cavity of the hydraulic cylinder with a valve with a fluid pressure regulating pressure.

Compiled by I. Kapitonov

Tetra N. Stroganova

Proofreaders: L. Orlova and A. Galakhova

Editor V. Kukhechenko

Order 82812 ed. № 337 Circulation 1034 subscription

NGOs of the State Committee of the USSR on the Affairs of Inventions and Discoveries

1I3035, Moscow, I-35, Rauskaya Nab., \u200b\u200b4/5

Typography, Ave. Sapununa, 2

Sources of information taken into account during the examination

1. Sheet stamping, atlas schemes, M., Mechanical engineering, 1975, p. 115, Fig. 308.

30. Typical structures of stamps for extracting parts with flange, stepped and conical shape.

With flange:

The typical design of the exhaust stamp with the folder-layer 2, acting on the buffer of the universal press, is shown in Fig. 229, a. The gearbox between the press and the folder buffer is buffer studs /. The finished part is removed from the matrix 4 at the end of the lifting of the slider through the ejector 5 and the pusher 6. If the bottom of the part is flat and the perpendicular axis of the exhaust, then, with subject stamps between the ejector 5 and the top plate 3, the zexy z, i.e. work is allowed without "Hard" hit.

The process of transformation of sheet blank to the hollow with the use of a stroke holder is accompanied by a complex load-fission material especially in the flange zone. The flange is experiencing tangential compression from the compressive voltage A, (Fig.229.6), which is the main deformation of the material of this zone, radial stretching from the tensile voltage of g and

formation.

Conical shape:

The hood of low conical parts is usually discharged for 1 operation, but is complicated by the fact that Art. The deformation of the workpiece is small (with the exception of places adjacent to the rounded edges of the PuNson), as a result of which the hood "freshers" and loses its shape. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the climb and

Fig. 229. Hollow-glass hood with clamping

create in a deformable workpiece means it is stretching-E stress, exceeding the limit of elasticity

material, by applying matrix with exhaust ribs (Fig. 134, a).

In fig. 134, B is shown another way of drawing shallow, but wide cones (lamp reflectors) produced in a stampe with a conical clamp. The extract of this type of parts is well accustomed to also hydraulic stamping. The exhaust of the conical parts of the middle depth in most cases is performed for 1 operation. Only with a small relative thickness of the zag ki, as well as in the presence of a flange require 2 or 3 extracts. When stamping parts from comparative-but thick material (S / D) 100\u003e 2.5, with

a small difference in diametral r-mards, the extract can occur without clutch, similar to the hood of cylindrical parts. In this case, calibration is required at the end of the working stroke with a deaf blow. In the manufacture of thin-walled conical parts, it means. The difference between the diameters of the bottom and the top first pull out a simpler rounded shape with the surface equal to the surface of the finished part, and then the calibration stamp is obtained. Form. Technological calculations of transitions here are the same as when stretching cylindrical parts with a flange. Mn \u003d dn / dn - 1, dn and dn-1 - the diameters of the current and previous exhaust.

Step shape:

Of particular interest is a dual process that combines the usual exhaust with feeding.

A large effect brings a penal extractor with a stamping of parts of a stepped form. A characteristic example is a multiscoverry process of stamping deep parts such as car headband. Initially, a cylinder or a semisfer is drawn up, and then in the opposite direction (sanguated), a preparation of the workpiece is carried out to obtain a given shape of the product.

Schemes of feeding (reverse) exhaust

31. Typical designs of stamps for flames.

Filter stamps can be divided into two groups: stamps without clips and stamps with clamping. Stamps without clips are applied only when selecting large products, where there is no concerns of the billets during the flap. The complete clamping of the workpiece is usually possible to achieve the use of beading stamps of the second group with a strong clamp.

In fig. 207, and the beading stamp with the lower clamp, acting on the rubber buffer 1, placed under the stamp, which transmits the pressure through the washer 2 and the rods 3 to the pressure plate 5. When lowering the top of the stamp 6, laid on the plate 5 so that the beading Punson 4 upper on its protrusion enters the pre-hole, first clamped by the matrix 7, and then beatenly out. Pulling the product from the top of the stamp after flaming can be carried out with the help of a conventional rigid ejector (rod) acting from the press itself, or, as shown in the figure, with the help of springs 9 and ejector 8.

When smoking larger products, instead of rubber buffer or springs, it is better to use pneumatic or hydropneumatic devices.

In fig. 207, B depicts a similar stamp with the upper fitness to flaming the hole in the tractor clutch coupling. Here, clamping products 4 is carried out when lowering the top of the plate 3 stamp, which is under the action of sixteen springs 2, located around the circumference around the beam punching 1.

Conduct the ring part of the material from below during the flap and the subsequent pushing out of the product from the matrix 5 after the flap is made by the ejector 6 receiving movement through the rods 7 from the lower pneumatic press pillow.

32. Typical structures of stamps for distribution.

The design of the stamp for distribution depends on the desired degree of deformation, which

characterized by the distribution ratio of the CATD. If the CRF\u003e CATD. limit. when the local loss of stability is excluded, then use a simple open stamp with a conical punch

(for free distribution) and lower cylindrical retainer on the inner diameter of the pipe blank, which is fixed on the bottom plate of the stamp.

With higher degrees of deformation,

when the fact is< Кразд.прел . применяют штампы со скользящим внешним подпором (рис. 1).

Fig 1. Stamps for distributing the ends of tubular blanks with a sliding external support.

The stamp consists of the top plate 1 and the conical punch 2 and the cylindrical support mandrel 5 are fixed on the bottom plate 7, the diameter of which D is equal to the outer diameter of the tubular billet. A routing is moved by a retaining sleeve 4, based on the springs 6. When the bushing is in the upper position (shown in the drawing of the dash line), the workpiece is installed on the mandrel 5 pulp, and the workpiece protrudes from the sleeve on

(0.2-0.3) D.

When lowering the top of the stamp, the conical punch enters into the workpiece and begins to distribute it.

At the same time, the pushers 3 click on the retaining sleeve 4 (squeezing the springs 6) and move it on the mandrel down, giving it the possibility of Punson to carry out the full distribution of the pipe blank to

required size. With the reverse course of the spring 6 lift the sleeve 4 up along with the folded part.

Operation is mainly designed to increase the diameter of the cylindrical billet for

docking pipes. The optimum distribution angle is 10300.

If the diameter of the initial hollow cylinder D0, then the largest diameter D1, which can be distributed (Fig. 3).

d1, \u003d Kradd * d0, where Kradzd - distribution coefficient depends on relative thickness

blanks. S / D0 \u003d 0.04 KRAT \u003d 1.46 S / D0 \u003d 0.14 KRAP \u003d 1.68. The thickness of the material during distribution decreases. The smallest thickness in the place of the largest stretching is determined by

formula. S1 \u003d S √ 1 / Kradzd

Distribution can be carried out at the edges of a hint of the workpiece or on its middle part in stamps with detachable matrices, elastic media and other methods.

The dimensions of the blank for distribution are determined on the basis of equality of the volume of the workpiece and the part without taking into account the change in the thickness of the metal.

Figure 3. A-elastic punch. B- in the detachable matrices.

33. Typical structures of stamps for crimping.

Stamps for crimping are divided into two groups : Stamps for free crimping and stamps with billets.Stamps of the first group there are only guide devices for tubular or hollow billet, without internal or exterior subpoits, as a result of which the loss of stability during the burning is possible. To prevent the loss of stability, the workpiece for one operation receives such a formation at which the required crimping force will be less critical.

Fig. 1. Schemes of stamps for free crimping ends - parts.

In fig. 1 shows two schemes of free crimping stamps: on the first stamp the end of the pipe 3 is performed (Fig. 1, a) in the fixed matrix and on the second stampe

on the floor of the product 3 (Fig. 1, b) is carried out by a movable matrix 1 fixed on the top plate of the stamp using a matrixer 5. To fix the workpiece there is a cylindrical belt or on a matrix / or on a plate 4. Removing parts is made by ejector 2 operating from Low or from the top buffer. The length of the compressed part is set by the change in the progress of the press.

In fig. 2, and the diagram of the stamp with an external subpoint is presented; in him

a part of the workpiece that is not affected by a firing is covered by an outdoor clip 2, which prevents the loss of stability and releasing the workpiece outward. Due to this, such stamps can be given a greater degree of deformation than in stamps without subpoits. To facilitate the installation of blanks and removal of compressed parts from the rope 2, it is made detachable; In idle state, it is squeezed with springs 1. The closure of the clip around the workpiece is performed when the upper part of the stamp is moving down with wedges 4. To remove the cutting part of the matrix 5 in the stamp, the ejector 3, acting on the spring 6 or from the crosslinor in the press slider, is provided.

There are also stamps with a moving outdoor clip, supporting the workpiece over the unread part of it.

In fig. 2, B and B depicted stamps for crimping the terminal part of the pipe or a hint of the billet in the area, equipped with outer (Fig. 2, B) or external and internal (Fig. 2, b) billets.

Fig. 2. Schemes of stamps for crimping parts of parts with subranges These stamps allow for one operation to produce significant forms,

thanks to which the number of operations during multipleral stamping is reduced. In the stamp intended for crimping the terminal part of the pipe (Fig. 2, b), the pipe blank is set to the gap between the outer sliding rope 2 and the internal rod 3, on which there is a step for supporting the end of the workpiece. In the opening of the rod 3, a liner with a spherical head is pressed, according to which the workpiece is crimped. In the stamp for crimping the hint of the workpiece (Fig. 2, c) liner 6 is absent. The workpiece is installed on the cutting 2 and the base of the base 3.

During the course of the press of the press, the matrix 1 moves the moving clip 2 down, it makes the preparation of the workpiece. The clip is valid from the lower buffer through the rods 4, sliding in the bottom plate 5. Pulling the part is performed when the press is upwards up the liner 6, also connected to the lower buffer.

The operation is widely used for the production of sleeves. The optimal angle of taper is 15-200. Peculiarity of stampsjava need to ensure the stability of the workpiece during the crimping process. Stamps are divided: 1. Bezing a blank of the workpiece 2. With the propulsion of the workpiece. Without a subjo, it is rarely used for relatively thick-walled blanks.

The possibility of criminalized blanks for one ORPED-SIA CEFF operation. Crush

d, \u003d kobzh * D, where the distribution ratio depends on the structural features of the stamp and the kind of material. Table 5.

Rubes depends on the relative thickness of the material. For mild steel (α \u003d 200) .- S / D \u003d 0.02 KOSH

0.8; S / D \u003d 0.12 kWh \u003d 0.65.

With a decrease in the angle of tensility, the value of the KBZ is reduced. The wall thickness in the area of \u200b\u200bcrimping due to the compression of the metal increases. The greatest thickness in the place of the greatest compression is determined by the formula.

s1 \u003d s √ 1 / kobzh

34. Construction of stamps with solid alloy working elements.

TV. The alloy is ceramics (not metal) carbide W. TV. Alloys have an increased tendency to destruction, therefore, when adhere to special design processing equipment, reliable operation of stamps with working elements made of solid alloys, so-called carbide stamps, and increase their durability in dozens and hundreds of times compared with stamps with steel working elements. Modern designs of carbide stamps should ensure compared with steel increased rigidity, a more accurate and reliable direction of the upper part of the stamp relative to the lower, the maximum approximation of the shank axis to the pressure of the stamp pressure, durability and reliability of the removal and elastic elements, the increased wear resistance of the guide strips, possibly A larger number of flows and the absence of voltage concentration over a solid alloy.

Increased stiffness and stuff strength is achieved by increasing their thickness. For matrices with a size in terms of 350x200 mm, the thickness of the bottom plate is recommended 100-120 mm. The lower and top plates and the slab package are made of steel 45. These plates are subjected to heat treatment before the hardness of 30-35 HRC. The deviation from the base of the base of the matrix and the surface of the bottom plate of the stamp, as well as the back of the punch pins, and the surface of the top plate (or intermediate pad) should not exceed 0.005 mm. Failure to follow this requirement can reduce the durability of the stamp several times.

The screws for carbide stamps are made of steel 45, after which they are subjected to heat-making. It should be borne in mind that even a slight stretching of screws leads to a decrease in the resistance of carbide stamps.

A more accurate and reliable direction of the upper part of the carbide stamp relative to the lower compared to the steel is leaked by the use of fission rolling (at least 4). Recommended tension in rolling guides 0.01-0.015 mm. In some cases, tension is used 0.02, -0.03 mm. The increase in the tension leads to a decrease in the stability of the guides. However, it is advisable to increase the tension when cutting a thin material with a thickness of up to 0.5 mm or when working on a worn out pressure equipment. The persistence of rolling guides is 10-16 million. Ratchy cycles depending on the magnitude of the tension. The columns and sleeves are made of steel shx15. After thermobra. Their hardness is 59-63 HRCE. Rolling guides are used when cutting the material with a thickness of up to 1.5mm.

Elimination of the solid alloy stress concentration is achieved by rounded angles in the windows of the matrices with a radius of 0.2-0.3 mm (with the exception of the working angle in the step-of-step stepted knife window) and the determination of the thickness of the matrix, the minimum width of its wall and the distance between working windows based on appropriate calculations.

Ensuring the durability and reliability of the elements of the removal of the direction of the bands are due to the reinforcement of removals with hardened steel plates and carbide elements, the use of carbide guide rods and paths for the direction and lifting of the strip, the use of new puller designs. Two types of different types are most common: providing the direction of the strip when it moves over the matrix (Fig. 1 A) and not providing it (Fig. 1, b). The use of the latter requires the presence of individual elements in the stampe to direct the strip.

Mobile puller in most cases are performed on rolling guides. Guides have the greatest rigidity if the columns are rigidly fixed on the puller (Fig. 2). To avoid distortions arising from the presence of burrs, the puller is not pressed to the tape; Clearance between it and ribbon composition 0.5-0.8 mm (Fig. 3).

When cutting down the parts from the material with a thickness of more than 0.5 mm applies, as a rule,

stamps with fixedpuller. The parts cuttered in these stamps, slightly inferior in the stamps with a moving puller, as the cutting occurs during the sharp working edges of the punches and matrices. The increase in stiffness of the punches is achieved by a decrease in their length to the minimally permissible and use of stepped pins. It is necessary that Puinson is securely fixed in the pointers. As a rule, the thickness of the pointers must be at least 1/3 of the punch height.

Designs of working parts of stamps.The designs of carbide stamps largely depend on the methods of manufacturing the main forming parts, in particular matrices. The most common methods of processing matrices are the most common: diamond grinding and

In the manufacture and installation of pipelines, a variety of tee compounds (Fig. 9) are found, which are designed to obtain pipe branches - equal contacts (without changing the diameter of the branch) and transient (with a change in the diameter of the branch).

Fig. 9. Designs of equivalence and transient tees and tees for technological pipelines:

a - connection of the insert without strengthening elements, b.- connection of the insertion with reinforced fitting, in- connection of the insert with a strengthening saddle, g.- Welded tee d.- Forged tee, e.- Tee stamped from pipes

The diversity of the constructions of tee compounds is caused, firstly, the pipeline in places of joining the branches is weakened by cutting holes and, depending on the stock of the strength of the pipeline, it is required to vary varying degrees in these places; Secondly, the difference in the technology of their manufacture. From the types of welded tee compounds, the most economical in terms of the complexity of their manufacture and consumption of the metal is "inserting", i.e., welded branch without amplification (strengthening elements). The connection of the insertion without amplification is widely used for pipelines for conditional pressure up to 25 kgf / cm 2.For pipelines for suspended pressure from 40 kgf / cm 2and higher under the strength conditions, this compound without amplification is used only for transient connections of pipes of small diameter. Enhance such connections by using a thickened pipe or fitting, as well as overlays and saddle.

Unlike welded tees, stamped tees thanks to a seamless smooth pairing of a neck with a housing have high strength. This allows the use of data of tees with walls thick, equal to the thickness of the walls of the connected pipes.

Stamped tees are made of carbon steel with a conditional passage from 50 to 400 mM.on conditional pressure up to 100 kgf / cm 2.

In the factory conditions, seamless tees are made by hot tubing from pipes on crank and hydraulic presses in multiple stamps in two, three or four operations, depending on the ratio of the diameters of the body and the neck of the tee and the thicknesses of their walls. The basis of the manufacturing technology of stamped tees is the combined process of crimping pipe crimping in diameter with simultaneous extrusion of a part of the metal volume in the neck (Fig. 10, a) and calibration (Fig. 10, b). In fig. 10 in, g,showing stamped tees.

Transitions are used to change the diameter of the pipeline. According to the method of manufacturing, transitions are divided into stamped, welded petals, welded rolled. The transitional compound can be obtained directly by crimping the end of the pipe to a smaller diameter.

The form differences the transitions concentric and eccentric. Concentric transitions are installed mainly in vertical pipelines, and eccentric - in horizontal.

Steel concentric and eccentric stamped transitions are made of carbon steel 20 per conditional pressure up to 100 kgf / cm 2with conditional passages from 50 × 40 to 400 × 350 mm.

Stamped transitions have a small length, a smooth inner surface and a high accuracy of the connecting dimensions.

Welded petal transitions are manufactured up to 40 kgf / cm 2with conditional passages from 150 × 80 to 400 × 350 mm.

Welded rolling transitions manufactured on conditional pressure up to 40 kgf / cm 2with conditional passages from 150 × 80 to 1600 × 1400 mm.

The main methods of serial factory manufacture of stamped transitions is the distribution of pipe-blanks in the diameter in the hot condition and crimping it with an outdoor support in the cold state.

Fig. 10. Stamp diagram for the manufacture of tees from pipes: but- stamp for crimping and prepressing the neck of the tee, 6 - stamp for calibration of the body and the neck of the tee, 3 - the design of the seamless tee of the cylindrical shape, and - the design of the seamless tee of the sphere-equestrian shape; 1 - Puinson, 2 - crossbar, 3 - upper matrix,
4 - handle, 5 - swivel support, 6 - Lower matrix, 7 - ejector, 8 - mandrel
9 - Puller

Fig. 11. Scheme of stamps for the manufacture of crimping transitions with an external subpode:

but- concentric, b - eccentric; 1 - Trumpet-blank after stamping.
2 - retaining ring, 3 - Puinson, 4 - matrix, 5 - ejector

The distribution of pipes-blanks in the hot condition is carried out in the manufacture of transitions with a diameter ratio to 1.7. The stamping is made by distributing one end of the heated tube-blank using a conical punch, enhancing the press force inside the workpiece.

Crimping pipe-blanks with an outdoor support allows you to manufacture transitions with a diameter ratio to 2.1. Claims the diameter in the conical matrix 4 (Fig. 11) one end of the pipe-blank. In order to avoid releasing the wall of the workpiece, the retaining ring is used 2 (Block container, more here http://www.uralincom.ru), covering the workpiece from the outside.

Fig. 12. Plugs for technological pipelines: but- spherical, b - flat, in- flat ribbed, g.- Flange

Fig. 13. Stamp diagram for drawing plugs:

1 - Punson, 2 - Matrix, 3 - puller, 4- spring puller, 5 - rack, 6 - Postponed plug

Stamp transitions in one-conductor stamps on hydraulic and friction presses.

Steel plugs (Fig. 12) are used to close the free ends of the pipelines. According to constructive execution, they are divided into welded spherical (Fig. 12, but), flat (Fig. 12,6), flat ribbed (Fig in) and flange (Fig. 12, d). ""

Spherical steel plugs apply on conditional pressure up to 100 kgf / cm 2and with a conditional diameter of 40 to 250 mM.as well as with a conditional diameter of 300 to 1600 mm.They are made of sheet steel MARODS and steel 20 and 10g2 The convex part of the plugs has an elliptical form, which ensures their extensive strength with a small weight.

Stamps with hood caps without thinning walls in one-housing stamps (Fig. 13) on friction and hydraulic presses in cold and hot condition.

Flat plugs are used on conditional pressure up to 25 kgf / cm 2and manufactured with conditional passage from 40 to 600 mm.

Plugs (bottoms) Flat ribbed applied on conditional pressure up to 25 kgf / cm 2and manufactured with conditional passage from 400 to 600 mm.Plugs, reinforced with ribs, more economical than flat.

Crimp the ends of pipes in the sphere. The eudes of the ends of long pipes.

Stamp with a detachable matrix for crimping pipe ends. Stamp for flattening pipes.

Apply and crimping the ends of pipes in the sphere. This operation is produced or pushing the pipe into a solid annular matrix, or crimping ends in stamps with a detachable matrix.

For burning ends of long pipes (Fig. 121) Pumping the pipe for stability is clamped by the undeformable part. At the same time, it is more convenient to remove the matrix to the end of the pipe. With the upper position of the press, the movable matrix 1 is in the extreme left position, since the wedge 2 upper part moves the matrix. The blank (part) 6 is stolen in fixed emphasis.

Fig. 121. Stamp for crimping the ends of long pipes:

1 - Mobile Matrix, 2 - Wedge, 3-Top Plate, 4-Movable Clamp, 5 - Springs, 6 - Detail, 7 - Lower fee, 8 - fixed focus

At the working progress of the press, the movable clamp 4 clamps the pipe. Further lowering the top plate 3 causes a moving to the right of the movable matrix 1, since the wedge 2 is pressed on the right side of the skewed groove of the matrix. The matrix of its working part, having the form of the part, is coming to the pipe and crimps it up to the specified size. Reducing the diameter of the pipe cut part is regulated by the position of the slider at the bottom of the dead point.

The number of transitions during the burnout on the sphere is determined in the same way as when the cylinder is burning. If necessary, conduct intermediate annealing.

For crimping pipe ends in the spheres in stamps with a detachable matrix (Fig. 122), the upper and lower parts of the matrix 1 and 3 have a shape in the form of a sphere. The stamp is installed on a fast eccentric press with a small course. When you turn on the sample, the upper part of the matrix 1 will perform an oscillatory movement. The billet is introduced into the working zone of the stamp having a cylindrical shape, and rotating the pipe around its axis, gradually move it into the spherical part of the matrix. When the pipe is cut into the working area, folds that cannot be fixed can be formed.

Fig. 122. Stamp with a detachable matrix for crimping pipe ends:

1, 3 - upper and lower matrices, 2 - blank

Pipes with a flattened end are used for various racks and squeaks. Split ends are arranged relative to the axis of the pipe symmetrically or asymmetrically. The compaction value Z may also be different. Sometimes the Z\u003e 2S slot is left between the flatted inner walls, in other cases the thickness of the flattened part Z \u003d 2S, and in the third, with flattension, it is produced by a subchacanque and z<2S. Сплющивание обычно осуществляют в штампах (рис. 123).

Fig. 123. Stamp for fastering pipes:

1 - Matrix, 2 - Punson, 3 - Lock, 4 - Preparation

Durated or limited movable connections can be used for fuel pipes, drainage and drain systems operating at low pressures. For this type of compounds at the ends of the pipes produce rolling of boil or ridge. Skin of pipes are produced on zigar machines or on hydraulic installations with rubber.