The main objectives of the design and installation of the system of autonomous heating are comfort in the house and reliability in operation. Therefore, those people who believe that to achieve comfort is enough to simply install the boiler and connect it to the heating system are mistaken.

And this error is that sooner or later any boiler, even the highest quality, can fail. And most often it happens in the midst of the heating season, when the mode of operation of the equipment is the most intense. How can you persuade into such a case?

There are several options:

• Have an ordinary oven in the house.
• Have two boilers, one of which having a smaller power is used only in an emergency.
• Include in the heating system a device that allows you to accumulate thermal power while the boiler operating capable of stopping sufficiently long to maintain the temperature of the coolant at the proper level.

The first option is good for those houses that previously had furnace heating, and then have been equipped with your own boiler room. It is unlikely that someone will build a stove in a new house for which heating from the boiler is originally provided. The second option is used infrequently, but has the right to life. Usually, a solid fuel and gas unit is main here, and the spare electro-tent is not too high, used exclusively as a reserve source of heat.

But the third option from the point of view of reliability is the most optimal. Such a device is called the heat acupuncture and is most often used in systems equipped with periodic boilers. Most often it is solid fuel boilers (in need of loading fuel several times a day) and electric units that are profitable only at night (if at night electricity is cheaper).

What is the heat accumulator (TA)

The heat accumulator is a reservoir of a certain (rather large) capacitance filled with coolant (usually - water). The tank should be well thermally insulated from the external environment. At the same time, during the boiler operation, due to the high heat capacity of water, the heat carrier is heated throughout the volume of the tank. Due to this, a large supply of thermal power is created, providing stable operation of the heating system and hot water supply (if available) during the entire duration of the boiler. Moreover, the reason for idle is not important - it may simply break between the firebox or an accident.

With a sufficient reservoir, even a large house is able to hold out to 2 days. At the same time, the temperature in it will decrease only 2-3 degrees. This is the most obvious and understandable advantage of the presence of a heat accumulator in the home heating system. In fact, its possibility is much wider. After all, in fact, it significantly increases the volume of the coolant in the contour of the heating system. It increases its indicators such as heat capacity and inertness.

That is, the system is heated slower, absorbing more energy, but it cools up for a very long time, keeping the temperature in the house even with a non-working boiler.

There are a number of situations in which the presence of a heat accumulator in the system greatly simplifies and reduces the achievement of the necessary results.

The fuel is best combined when the boiler is running in the maximum power mode. But in spring and summer this power is clearly excessive. And the presence of water reservoir will allow you to quickly heat in it water to the desired temperature and stop the process of firebox, saving fuel and time for servicing the boiler.

Boilers on solid fuel during ignition have minimal power, as the fuel combustion, it reaches a maximum, and then falls again. This mode is not too useful for the operation of the heating system - the temperature of the coolant in it constantly fluctuates. The presence of a heat accumulator allows the temperature in the system at an optimal level.

If the system provides several sources of heating the coolant, and one of them is a solid fuel boiler, then connect the rest becomes very difficult. The tank with the coolant allows you to organize such connections easily and with low costs.

If it is necessary to organize a hot water supply in the house, then you have to install an additional heat exchanger in the boiler or use an indirect heating boiler. All this adversely affects the operation of the heating system. And here the large hot water tank makes it easy to get out of the situation.

Thus, the one is a node of the union between the heating circuit and the boiler, which allows you to implement various additional functions with minimal cost.

To do this, it is necessary to repel from the following data:

• power of the heating unit;
• the time for which the coolant should warm the coolant;
• the time to which should be accumulated in the thermal power reservoir to cover the heat loss of the house.

For proper selection, it is necessary to know the thermal power of that.

It is calculated by the formula:

Q \u003d M × C × (T2 - T1),

• where m is the mass of the coolant (depends on the volume of Ta), kg;
• C is the specific heat capacity of the coolant;
• T2 - T1 is the difference between the final and initial water temperature. It is usually taken equal to 40 degrees.

One ton of water when cooled by 40 degrees highlights 46 kV heat of heat.

If you want to translate the boiler to the periodic work, for example, only on the night or day mode, then the power of Ta must be enough for heating at home to work in the remaining time.

Let us give an example. Suppose a solid fuel boiler operating only during the daytime for 10 hours is used. At the same time, the heat loss of the house is 5 kW, then a day will be required 5 × 24 \u003d 120 kW * h thermal power to maintain the heating function. This will be used for 14 hours. So, it should accumulate: 5 × 14 \u003d 70 kWh heat. If the heat carrier is water, its weight should be 70: 46 \u003d 1.52 tons. With a reserve of 15%, this will be 1.75 tons, then the volume of Ta should be about 1.75 cubic meters. m.

Do not forget that the boiler power should be enough to issue 120 kWh energy for 10 hours of operation. That is, its power must be at least 120: 10 \u003d 12 kW.

If that is used only in order to security the heating system in case of an accident, the reserve of thermal power in it should be enough for 1-2 days. That is, power supply must be at least 120 - 240 kWh. Then the volume will be: 240: 46 \u003d 5, 25 cubic meters. m.

These are exemplary calculations, but they allow you to draw up an approximate view of the parameters of that.

There are more simple methods for calculating the volume of that:

• The volume is equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in meters multiplied by 4. For example, the house has an area of \u200b\u200b120 kV. m. Then the volume of the tank should be: 120 × 4 \u003d 480 liters.
• The boiler power is multiplied by 25. For example, the boiler has a power of 12 kW, then the volume of the tank will be 12 × 25 \u003d 300 liters.

The reservoir for heating the coolant can be made independently or purchase ready. Independent manufacture is associated with the difficulties of accounting characteristics and features of future equipment. From this will depend not only the price of the question, but also the performance of that, as well as its durability.

The main operating parameters of heat accumulators are:

• Weight, volume and dimensions. The volume of the tank is selected according to the boiler power. But the more its volume, the more economically the system will work as a whole. The big one will heat up longer, but also the time between the fireboxes of the boiler will also increase. If the calculation of the calculation is obtained too large and does not fit into the designated room, then several smaller containers can be used.
• Pressure in the heating system. The wall thickness is dependent on this value, as well as the shape of its bottom and lid. If the pressure in the system is not more than 3 bar, then you can use the most common heat accumulators. If the operating pressure is within 4-8 bar, then you need to choose tanks with toruspheric lids. Such equipment will cost more.
• The material from which the tank is made. Most often it is standard carbon steel coated with waterproof paint. But if there is an opportunity, it is better to choose a stainless steel tank. It is more respected to additives available in the coolant, and corrosion.
• Maximum fluid temperature.
• The ability to install additional equipment: Tan, built-in heat exchanger for connecting to the DHW system, additional heat exchangers for organizing connecting to other heat carrier heating sources.

How to install a heat accumulating tank

The easiest way to install is the vertically located one, in the walls of which are embedded 4 nozzles placed on two on each side. Each pair is spaced vertically. On one side, the upper nozzles are connected to the supply line of the boiler unit, and on the other to the feeding branch of the heating system. On the bottom, on the respective sides of the tank, there are nozzles connected to the reverse highways of the boiler and the heating circuit.

The reverse pipelines of the boiler and the heating circuit are equipped with circulating pumps.

After loading the fuel and the achievement of stable combustion, the circulation pump that feeds water from the bottom of the heat exchanger to the zone of its heating is included. At the same time, in parallel, the hot heat carrier used for heating the premises is supplied to the top nozzle.

In this case, the active mixing of cold and hot water in the tank does not occur - this prevents the various density of water of different temperatures.

After burning fuel, the tank is filled with water of the desired temperature. After that, the circulation pump of the heating circuit is included, which pumps heated water through the system. Due to the fact that the coolant enters the system through the upper nozzle, and the water spent in the system and already cooled water comes from below, mixing the water layers of different temperatures does not occur, and that for a long time sues water to the water required.

Tya, depending on the design

Depending on the functional purpose, all heat accumulators are divided into the following types:

• Empty - with direct connections of contours. In such a system, no heat exchangers are used, and the separation of cold and hot water is provided only by the difference between their density. Homemade Ta usually have exactly the design.
• With built-in boiler. Inside the main tank is an additional container, designed to heat the water of the DHW system.
• With an internal heat exchanger. This model allows you to divide the coolants in the contours of the boiler and the heating system. The separation of liquids is provided by the walls of the heat exchanger.

Which offers the heating equipment market

Our market has products of famous foreign companies:

• Buderus (Germany) - releases universal that that can be used to work with solid fuel boilers of any other brands. The tanks are made from carbon steel and equipped with insulation from a layer of foam 100 mm thick.
• Hajdu is Hungarian products attractive to the successful ratio of "price-quality". The thickness of the insulation layer is also 100 mm.
• Lapesa is a Spanish company that produces heat accumulators not only domestic, but also industrial purposes. For thermal insulation, the tanks use polyurethane foam, providing extremely low heat loss.
• Nibe (Sweden) - produces models that allow the use of various heating nodes of the heat carrier (heat pump or solar collector). The insulation of tanks is a layer of polystyrene foam 80 mm thick.
• S-Tank - Belarusian products. Differs high quality and affordable price. It can work with water of low quality. Has anti-corrosion protection in the form of a layer of enamel.
• GOPPO - Russian heat accumulators for heating systems, calculated for pressure 3 and 6 bar. They have insulation of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 30 mm.

The choice of one for the system of heating a private house is a responsible business. If the installation of heating is conducted by a specialized company, then it is possible not to worry about the correct selection. If you decide to do it yourself, try to take into account all the listed parameters and choose the tank at least with a small volume of volume.

The heat accumulator (TA, buffer capacity) is a device that provides the accumulation and maintenance of heat for a long time for its further use. The simplest example of heat drive is the usual household thermos. As another example, a conventional brick furnace can be called, which heats up with fuel in it, and after the end of the furnace, the oven continues to give heat, heating the room.

Using a buffer capacity in heating and hot water systems provides uninterrupted flow of heated coolant to heating devices Regardless of whether the boiler works at the moment or not.

The thermal battery also allows you to improve the efficiency of the entire system, increase the resource of the equipment and significantly reduce the consumption of energy resources on the heating of rooms and the DHW.

The greatest effect of the use of that is noticeable in a system operating on the basis of a solid fuel heating boiler. This allows you to achieve significant fuel economy (up to 25-30%) and increase the efficiency of the boiler to 85%.

You can purchase a finished tank battery in the store or make it yourself. It is important to correctly calculate its capacity and other technical parameters, as well as connect the buffer drive to the heating system correctly.

In this article:

Constructive features of the heat recorder

Battery drawing

The main element of anyone is a thermoaccumulating material with a high heat capacity.

Depending on the type of material used, heat accumulators for the boiler can be:

• solid;
• liquid;
• steam;
• thermochemical;
• with an additional heating element, etc.

For heating and hot water supply of private houses, hot water tank batteries are used, where it is water with a high specific heat capacity as a thermoaccumulating element.

Instead of water, it is sometimes used, designed for home heating systems.

An example of a water-based water supply with an additional electric heating element for a hot water system can serve as a modern accumulative water heater.

The usual thermal energy accumulator is a sealed metal tank of various volumes (from 200 to 5000 liters or more), as a rule, a cylindrical shape enclosed in an outer shell (body).

Between the tank and the outer shell there is a insulating layer of thermal insulating material.

In the upper and lower part of the tank there are two nozzles for connecting to the heating boiler and to the heating itself.

In the bottom unit, a drainage crane for draining liquid is usually located, and on top there is a safety valve for automatic air booming while increasing the pressure inside the buffer tank. There may also be flanges to connect pressure and temperature sensors (thermometer).

Tubular electric heaters

Sometimes inside a buffer container one or more additional heaters can be installed of various types:

• electric heater (TEN);
• and / or heat exchanger (coil), connected to additional heat sources (solar collectors, heat pumps, etc.).

The main task of these heaters is to maintain the necessary temperature of heating the working fluid inside the one.

Also inside the tank, the heat exchanger of the DHW can be located, providing hot water due to its heating of the heating system with the working fluid.

Battery Battery Operation Principle

Heating circuit with heat accumulator

The principle of operation that for a solid fuel boiler is based on a high specific capacity of the working fluid (water or antifreeze). Due to the connection of the tank, the volume of the liquid increases several times, as a result of which the inertia of the system increases.

At the same time, the cooler heated to the boiler retains its temperature for a long time, acting as needed to the heating instruments.

This ensures the continuous operation of the heating system even when the fuel burning in the boiler.

Consider the operation of the system with solid fuel boiler and forced coolant feed.

To start the system, the circulation pump is included, installed in the pipeline between the boiler and the heatacumulator.

Cold working fluid from the bottom of the Ta is fed to the boiler, heats up in it and enters its upper part.

Due to the fact that the proportion of hot water is less, it practically does not mix with cold water and remains in the upper part of the buffer tank, gradually filling its inner space due to the selection of cold water in the boiler.

When the circulation pump installed in the reverse line of the system between the heating devices and the battery tank, the cold coolant begins to flow into the lower part of the one, outering hot water from its upper part into the feeding line.

At the same time, the hot working fluid comes to all the heating devices.

The required amount of heat for heating rooms can be automatically adjusted to the temperature sensor of the temperature, which controls the operation of the three-way valve installed at the output of the TA in the feed line. When the target temperature is reached in the room, the sensor displays the control signal to the valve that works and limits the supply of hot heat carrier to the system, redirecting it back to that.

After combustion of fuel in the boiler, the hot coolant from the accumulating capacity continues to flow into the system as needed until the cooled working fluid from the return highway fails to fully fill its internal volume.

DHW circuit with battery tank

Opening time Ta With a non-working boiler, it can make a sufficient time. It depends on the temperature of the outer air, the volume of the buffer tank and the number of heating devices in the heating system.

To preserve heat inside the heat accumulator, the tank is insulated.

Also, additional heat sources may also be used in the form of embedded electric heaters (TAND) and / or coolants (coils) connected to other heat sources (electrical and gas boilers, solar collector, etc.).

The heat carrier integrated into the tank provides heating of cold water supplied through it from the plumbing system. Thus, he plays the role of a flow water heater, providing the needs of the hosts of the house in hot water.

Connection (blockage) heat accumulator to heating system

As a general rule, the buffer container connects to the heating system parallel to the heating boiler, so this scheme is also called the boiler.

Let us give the usual connection scheme to the system of heating with a solid fuel heating boiler (to simplify the scheme, shut-off valves, automatic, control devices and other equipment) are not specified on it.

Simplified heat accumulator strapping scheme

The following elements are indicated in this scheme:

1. Heating boiler.
2. Thermal battery.
3. Heating devices (radiators).
4. Circulation pump in the return highway between the boiler and that.
5. Circulation pump in the return highway of the system between the heating devices and the one.
6. Heat exchanger (coil) for hot water supply.
7. Heat exchanger connected to an additional heat source.

One of the upper tank pipes (pos. 2) is joined by the boiler outlet (pos. 1), and the second is directly to the feeding line of the heating system.

One of the lower pipes is connected to the input of the boiler, while the pump is installed in the pipeline between them (Pos.4), which provides the circulation of the working fluid in a circle from the boiler to the same and vice versa.

The second lower pipe is connected to the return highway of the heating system, in which the pump is also installed (pos. 5), which provides the flow of heated coolant to heating devices.

To ensure the operation of the heating system with a sudden disconnection of the electricity or the output of circulation pumps, they are usually connected parallel to the main line.

In systems with natural circulation of the coolant, circulation pumps (pos. 4 and 5) are absent. This significantly increases the inertia of the system, and at the same time makes it completely non-volatile.

Heat exchanger for GVS. (pos. 6) is located at the top of the one.

The location of the additional heating heat exchanger (pos. 7) depends on the type of source of the incoming heat:

• for high-temperature sources (TEN, a gas or electric boiler), it is placed in the upper part of the buffer tank;
• for low-temperature (solar collector, thermal pump) - at the bottom.

The heat exchangers indicated in the scheme are not mandatory (pos. 6 and 7).

What to take into account when buying

Selection of heat drive for heating

When choosing a thermal battery for individual home heating, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the tank and its technical parameters that must correspond to the parameters of the boiler and the entire heating system.

To them, in particular, belong:

1. Overhead sizes and weight Devices that must ensure the possibility of its installation. In the case when it is impossible to find a suitable place in the house for a tank with the desired capacity, one tank is allowed to replace several buffer containers with a smaller size.

2. Maximum pressure Working fluid in the heating system. From this value, the form of the buffer container and the thickness of its walls depends. With a pressure of up to 3 bar, the tank shape does not matter, but with a possible increase in this value up to 4-6 bar, it is necessary to use the tanks of the toroidal shape (with spherical covers).

3. Maximum allowable temperature The working fluid on which the one is designed.

4. Material Accumulatory tank for heating system. Usually they are made of carbon soft steel with moisture-resistant coating or stainless steel. Stainless steel tanks are characterized by the highest anti-corrosion properties and durability in operation, the truth is more expensive.

5. Availability or ability to install:

• electric heaters (Tanov);
• built-in heat exchanger, for connecting to DHW, which provides the supply of hot water to the house without additional water heaters;
• additional built-in heat exchangers for connecting to other heat sources.

Comparison of popular models

Many domestic and foreign manufacturers are engaged in the release of heat bacteries. We give a comparative table of some models of Russian and foreign models with a capacity of 500 liters.

Model	NIBE. BU-500.8.	Reflex. PFH-500	ACV AK 500.	Meibes PSX-500	Sibenergo Term	PROFBAK. TA-BB-500
Producing country	Sweden	Germany	Belgium	Germany	Russia	Russia
Volume of tank, l.	500	500	500	500	500	500
Height, mm.	1757	1946	1790	1590	2000	1500
Diameter, mm.	750	597	650	760	700	650
Weight, kg	145	115	150	120	165	70
MAX Operating Pressure Bar	6	3	5	3	6	3
Mach Operating Temperature, ° C	95	95	90	95	90	90
Connect to gvs.	option	not	not	not	not	option
Additional heating	option	not	option	not	not	TEN 1.5 kW
Approximate cost, rub.	43 200	35 100	53 200	62 700	28 500	55 800

This table clearly shows that the price of a storage tank for heating with approximately the same parameters can be in fairly wide limits.

Mainly the cost depends on the material (carbon steel or stainless steel), its shape (normal or toroidal), as well as the presence of additional options or the possibility of their installation.

Calculation of capacity

The main parameter when buying a buffer tank for a solid fuel boiler, as well as for the capacity of the heat accumulator, directly dependent on the power of the heating boiler.

There are various calculation techniques based on determining the ability of a solid fuel boiler to heat the desired volume of the working fluid to a temperature of at least 40 ° C during the combustion time of one full loading with fuel (about 2-3.5 hours).

Compliance with this condition allows you to obtain the maximum efficiency of the boiler with maximum fuel savings.

The easiest way to calculate It includes that one kilowatt of the boiler power must correspond at least 25 liters of the volume of the buffer container connected to it.

Thus, with the power of the boiler 15 kW, the tank of the battery should be at least: 15 * 25 \u003d 375 liters. At the same time, the capacity is better to choose with a reserve, in this case - 400-500l.

There is such a version: the greater the tank of the tank, the more effective the heating system will operate and the more you will save fuel. However, this version imposes restrictions: search for free space in the house under the installation of a thermal battery of large sizes, as well as the technical capabilities of the heating boiler itself.

The volume of the container of the coolant has the upper limit: no more than 50 liters per 1 kW. Thus, the maximum amount of cumulative tank with a 15 kW boiler power should not exceed: 15 * 50 \u003d 750 liters.

Obviously, the use of the volume of 1000 liters or more for a 10kW boiler will cause an additional fuel consumption for heating to the desired temperature of such a volume of working fluid.

This will lead to a significant increase in the inertia of the entire heating system.

To provide homemade boiler with environmentally friendly fuel, we recommend learn how to manufacture.

Solid fuel boilers are more difficult to translate to automatic operation. Such "smart" electrical devices, like GSM module, help make the heating system more or less self-regulating. Go to.

Advantages and disadvantages of buffer tank

Buffer Capacity for Boiler

The main advantages of the heating system with a thermal battery include:

• the maximum possible increase in the efficiency of a solid fuel boiler and the entire system while saving energy resources;
• ensuring the protection of the boiler and other equipment from overheating;
• ease of use of a boiler that allows you to load it at any time;
• automation of the boiler operation due to the use of temperature sensors;
• the ability to connect to that of several different heat sources (for example, two boilers of various types), providing them with an association into one circuit of the heating system;
• ensuring a stable temperature in all rooms at home;
• the ability to ensure the House of DHW without using additional water-drilling devices.

The disadvantages of heat accumulators for the heating system include:

• the increased inertia of the system (from the moment of ignition of the boiler before the output of the system on the operating mode is much longer);
• the need to install the same near the heating boiler, for which the house requires a separate room of the required area;
• large dimensions and weights that determine the complexity of its transportation and installation;
• the cost of industrially produced is quite high (in some cases its price, depending on the parameters, may exceed the cost of the boiler itself).

Interesting solution: Heat acupuncture in the interior of the house.

In the interior
Installation
1st floor
Attic
Basement
Section

The use of a thermal battery is economically beneficial not only for solid fuel boilers, but also for electrical or gas heating systems.

In the case of electrocott, That turns on at full capacity at night, when electricity tariffs are significantly lower. In the afternoon, when the boiler is disabled, the heating of the rooms is carried out due to heat accumulated overnight.

For gas boilers Savings are achieved through the alternate use of the boiler itself and that. At the same time, the gas burner turns on much less frequently, which provides smaller.

Unwanted installation of a heat recorder in heating systems where fast and or short-term heating of the room is required, since it will interfere with the increased inertia of the system.

Heat acupuncture - unit for collecting and increasing heat in order to further apply. The device is used in private houses, apartments, in enterprises, as well as for preheating engines. The heat accumulator for the heating system allows to reduce the energy costs of room heating and hot water supply. The aggregates are installed in the strapping of a solid fuel boiler or connected to the helose system.

Appointment of aggregate

The operation of a solid fuel boiler in the heating system is some cyclicity. First, fuel is laid in it, and then the boiler gradually goes to the maximum power and transmits thermal energy through the heat carrier to the heating system.

The wood laying gradually burns, the heat transfer is reduced, and the coolant cools. In the period of peak power, part of the thermal energy remains unclaimed, and during the cutting of the fuel, on the contrary, it will not be enough. To repeat the cycle, the solid fuel is again.

Partially this problem can solve the pyrolysis boiler of long burning, but during his work, the peaks of the production and consumption of thermal energy often do not match. To resolve this situation, an energy accumulator is installed for the heating system, which is known as a buffer container or a thermal drive.

Solid fuel boiler strapping with heat accumulator

The basis of this unit laid a high heat capacity of water. If during the maximum power of the boiler heat a certain amount of water, then subsequently its energy potential can be used for the needs of heating.

For example, water when cooled at 1 ° C can heat 1 m³ of air at 4 ° C. The simplest heat acceumator for the heating boilers is a vertical container with four cuts into different sides. There are heat recorders with a variety of accumulating materials:

On one side of the body, two nozzles are connected to the boiler pipelines, and on the other - to the heating system. After starting the heater, the circulation pump begins to pump the coolant through the buffer tank.

A cold coolant is entered into the lower part of the drive, and the top is hot. Due to the essential difference in density, the water will not be mixed, and the hot heat carrier will gradually fill the entire container.

Typically, the volume of the thermoaccumulator for heating is calculated so that one fuel laying is enough to fully fill the container with hot water. That is, all the boiler energy, excluding losses, is converted to thermal, which will be accumulated in the battery capacity.

The thermal insulation allows you to maintain a high water temperature for a long time. When the boiler stops working, the heating system continues to function. Thanks to the pump, hot water from the battery enters pipelines and home heating devices.

A cooled water arrives at the buffer container through the lower pipe from the reverse line of the pipeline again. When using an electric boiler, the heating circuit with a heat accumulator can be used at night when a preferential rate is valid.

Boiler houses with heat accumulator

All drives are vertical cylindrical tanks. They differ from each other only with elements located inside the design. There are several types of thermoaccumulators:

All similar designs can be produced in various variations depending on the complexity of the heating, the number and types of heaters used and water circuits. Complex devices are easy to determine by numerous pipes emerging from the tank.

Heat accumulator or buffer container. And why is it needed. Storage Tank or Buffer Capacity Principle

Heat accumulator is a device that can accumulate thermal energy from heat source when it is redundant, and then use its margin if necessary.

The heat source can be heating boiler, oven, solar collector, etc.

In fact, any massive body having a temperature of more absolute zero, has a heat of thermal energy. At the same time, the stock of the accumulated heat depends on the degree of heating and body weight.

For example, any structure of brick, stone or concrete blocks (materials capable of accumulating heat) is a heat-accumulator, for the continuous operation of which few people pay attention. But it is due to the heat of heat that accumulated the walls of the house, it is cool in it in a cool day and warm at night with a decrease in the outdoor temperature, a natural ventilation system works, and there is no sharp temperature jumps with a short-term disconnection of heating or when conducting.

Another example of a thermal battery is a Russian oven or any other oven heating from stone or brick. When burning firewood, the furnace array accumulates thermal energy, and then cooling it, gives it to the surrounding space.

The larger the weight of the furnace, the greater the heat of the heat it possesses and the longer it can maintain a comfortable room temperature. It is for this reason that the traditional Russian oven makes a massive, weighing up to one and a half tons and more, and it is interpretable periodically: once a day.

Traditionally, stones or burned bricks were used to accumulate heat, but their use is justified only for furnace heating, the use of which in ordinary modern houses is not always convenient. For heating of modern dwelling, not the furnaces are used more often, but heating boilers.

What boilers need a thermal battery?

The thermal battery needs only boilers operating periodically: coal or wood. Boilers working uninterrupted (gas or electric), equipped with continuous fuel supply systems, long burning boilers in heat accumulation do not need.

Solid fuel traditional boilers need a periodic wood laying, the time of full combustion of fuel in them is not more than 3 hours. At the end of the combustion process, the coolant in the heating system will not only cool down to the air temperature in the room, but also in the fields of the border gasket of the pipeline (by floor, in the basement, in the attic) can penetrate by forming ice tubes that block water circulation in the heating system.

Under these conditions, it is not about comfortable conditions in the house, but about the integrity and safety of the heating system. The main task of heat accumulation in systems with solid-fuel boiler heating is the creation of a heat energy reserve, the use of which during the boiler downtime will help to avoid a sharp drop in the room in the room and avoid moving the coolant.

Thermal battery device

The heatacumer for the heating boiler should be convenient not only for heat accumulation, but also for its further use. The only substance suitable for solving the task is the coolant. It may be water or antifreeze, placed in the impressive size contained in the heating system.

For the safety of heat, the container additionally insulate: they are cured with mineral wool, foil, heat-insulating panels, installed on insulated base.

The volume of the heat accumulator is chosen according to the principle, the more, the better, but usually we are talking about capacity by 2-5 m3. Another important addition: the tank must be sealed, with two holes: for connecting the pipeline.

The heat accumulator is included in the heating system parallel to the boiler on the principle of heating device with connection and to feed and to the return. A shut-off valve is installed on the filing, which allows changing the direction of movement of the coolant, put it or only to the heating devices, or only to the heat accumulator, or both there. As a rule, it is a three-way crane.

How does the heat accumulator work in the heating system?

With intensive burning of firewood in a solid fuel boiler, the maximum heat generation occurs, allowing not only radiators in the house, but also the supply of water in the battery. After burning firewood, heat from the boiler ceases to act, but the circulation of the coolant in the system continues: cold water rolls down, and a hotter coolant from the battery is incorporated.

Reverse water, returning to the heating boiler, also passes through the battery. If the temperature of the return temperature is above the water temperature in the tank, the fluid of the 4th is additionally warmed by the return. If the reverse is cold, then, on the contrary, it is heated before entering the boiler, which reduces the temperature difference between the hot boiler and cold reverse water.

The greater the battery, the longer the system can work without "recharging".

Practical use

The heat accumulator in the heating system with a solid fuel boiler can be safely called a real find for its owners. It is this simple device that allows you to leave a house for a few hours even in conditions of strong frosts, without fear for the safety of the heating system, sleep well at night, without jumping to the boiler to bookmark the new portion of firewood and not fear about the destruction of the boiler when it is too cold coolant.

To control the operation of the heating system with the heat acceumulator, a three-way crane is used.

With it, you can open the movement of the hot heat carrier only to the heating devices, which is usually done if you wish to quickly warm the room. If the house is already hot, and the boiler continues to work, you can overlap the water supply to radiators and send it only to the heatacumulator.

For the simultaneous heating of heating and heat accumulator devices, the intermediate position of the crane is selected.

Heat acupuncture and circulation pump

As a rule, solid fuel boilers are used in samotane heating systems. In this case, the heat-cumulator is operating at the expense of natural convection: a cold coolant arrives at the bottom nozzle, and the more heated fluid is rushed to the heating devices.

In systems with a circulating pump, the heat acceumor also works, but here the movement speed of the coolant is given by the pump, which is undoubtedly a positive effect on the work of the entire heating system.

About the advantages and disadvantages

The installation of the heat accumulator makes the operation of the heating system stable, excluding sharp drops of temperature not only in the house, but also in the receipt of the coolant into the boiler.

The only disadvantage of the heat accumulator is its size: a small container does not allow to accumulate heat and use it, and for a large tank, you can not always find a sufficient number of space. Yes, and to install the capacity will have to make the foundation and placing it into the basement.

Heat acupuncture for heating boilers
Why do you need a heat accumulator for heating boilers? How is it arranged and works? Practical application of the heat accumulator

Heat acupuncture for boiler

When designing the heating system, the main objectives are comfort and reliability. The house should be warm and cozy, and for this, a hot heat carrier should always come to radiators without delays and temperature surges.

It is difficult to implement this with a solid fuel boiler, because it is not always possible to fill a new portion of wood or coal on time, and the burning process itself is uneven. Correct the situation will help the heat accumulator for heating boilers.

With a simple design and principle of action, it is able to save from a variety of inconveniences and shortcomings of the classic heating scheme.

Why need

The heat accumulator is a well-insulated high-tank tank filled with heat carrier, water. Due to the high heat capacity of water, with the heating of the entire volume in the container, a significant supply of thermal power is accumulated, which can be used for the purpose at the time when the boiler does not cope or inactive.

The heataccumulator actually increases the volume of the coolant in the heating circuit, heat capacity and the inertness of the entire system, respectively. To heat all the volume, it will take more energy and time with limited power of heating, but also cool the battery will be very long. If necessary, hot water from the battery can be supplied to the heating circuit and maintain a comfortable temperature in the house.

To evaluate the advantages of the heat accumulator, the easiest way to consider to start several situations:

• A solid fuel boiler only periodically warms water. At the moment of ignition, the capacity is minimal, during active burning power increases to a maximum, after burning the bookmark, it reserves and so the cycle is repeated. As a result, the water temperature in the circuit is constantly fluctuated in a fairly large range,
• To obtain hot water, installing an additional heat exchanger or an external boiler with indirect heating, which significantly affects the operation of the heating circuit,
• To the heating system built around a solid fuel boiler, connect additional heat sources is extremely difficult. Complete interchange is required, desirable with automatic control,
• A solid fuel boiler, even long burning, constantly requires the attention of the user. It is worth skipping the bookmarks of the new portion of fuel, as the heat carrier in the heating circuit already begins to cool, like the whole house,
• Often the maximum boiler power is excessive, especially in spring and summer, when the maximum return is not required.

The solution for all of the above situations is the heataccumulator, while the uncompromising and the most affordable implementation and cost. It acts as a junction assembly between a solid-fuel boiler and heating circuit (s) and an excellent basic platform to include additional functions.

By design, the heataccumulator can be:

• "Empty" - simple insulated container with direct connection,
• with a coil or pipe register as a heat exchanger,
• with built-in boiler tank.

With a complete "body kit", the heat accumulator is capable of:

• To accumulate and maintain a significant amount of thermal energy, primarily redundant, followed by releasing it in the heating circuit. Even if you skip one or two firewood refills, and the boiler will stop, the temperature in the house will fall as long as a couple of degrees. For electrocotals, it is possible to establish a schedule for which the waste of electricity will occur only at night at the reduced tariff, while the heat will come from the heat accumulator during the day,
• In the presence of a lower heat exchanger - connect additional sources of heat, solar collector, a gas-powered boiler, working on a gas or a diesel population, a geothermal heat pump,
• With mounted Tanni, used as a spare heat source in case a solid fuel boiler does not work or disabled for prevention and repair,
• If there is an upper heat exchanger - to connect a DHW circuit or an indirect heating boiler. Some models of heat accumulators instead of the heat exchanger are supplied with a ready-made boiler, placed inside the main container,
• Implement additional protection in systems with forced circulation in case of power outage, not allowing water overheating in the boiler. Considering the container as a node of the hydraulicism, it can be connected by a mixed diagram with a boiler, above it and pipes of a larger diameter to maintain natural circulation. At the same time, the distribution of radiators will be carried out in a compulsory pump.

The power accumulated by the heat accumulator (TA) is calculated based on the capacity of the tank, or rather the mass of the liquid in it, the specific heat capacity of the liquid used to fill it, and the temperature difference, the maximum to which the fluid can be heated, and the minimum target at which can still be done Heat fence from the heat accumulator to the contour of heating.

• Q \u003d M * C * (T2-T1),
• m - mass, kg,
• C - specific heat capacity W / kg * k,
• (T2-T1) - Delta temperatures, ultimate and initial.

If water in the boiler and, respectively, heats up to 90 ° C, and the lower threshold is taken equal to 50ºС, then the delta is 40ºС. If we take the water as a filling, then one ton of water when cooled by 40ºС allocates approximately 46 kW * hours of heat.

Heat acupuncture for boiler
In the article you can read what the heatacumulator for the boiler is and how to pick it up. Connection diagram of the heat accumulator and manufacturers.

Heat acupuncture, its device and principle of operation.

Good all day! If you entered this page of my blog, then you are interested in at least 2 questions:

• What is a heat accumulator?
• How is the heat accumulator?

I will start responding to these questions in order.

What is a heat accumulator?

To answer this question, you need to define. It sounds as follows, the heat accumulator is a container in which the large amount of hot heat carrier accumulates. Outside, the container is covered with thermal insulation from mineral wool or foamed polyethylene.

Why do you need a heat accumulator?

You ask: "Why do you need this thermos-overgrowth?" Everything is very simple here, it allows you to use the warmth, given to the boiler. A powerful boiler is always working in a steam with a heat accumulator (most often solid fuel). The boiler quickly and without stopping gives heat from the burning fuel in the thermal battery, and in turn it slowly and in the right mode gives it warm to the heating system. The volume of the system is much smaller than the capacity of the battery. This allows "stretch" heat from the fuel in time. It turns out in the essence of the boiler of long burning. When the battery capacity is heated, the boiler is constantly working at full power, and this avoids the appearance of resinous condensate in the chimney and the boiler.

How is the heat accumulator?

As mentioned above, the container in which hot water accumulates (or another heat carrier). So that everything was clearly, look at the next drawing:

The container has several nozzles for connecting various equipment:

• Generator thermal energy - boiler, solar collector, heat pump.
• Plate heat exchanger for hot water heating.
• Various boiler equipment is a security group, an expansion tank and so on.

Watercolored materials containers.

Connection diagram of the heat accumulator.

Now let's look at how the battery is included in the heating system:

From this scheme, it can be seen that the one is included in the heating system as a hydraulic separator (hydroelectron). I recommend reading a separate article dedicated to this useful device. I will briefly say that such an inclusion scheme eliminates the mutual influence of different circulation pumps and allows the boiler with the desired coolant volume, which is positively affected by the life of the heat exchanger.

Heat accumulator and hot water supply.

Another important issue is the device in the house of hot water supply. Here, it can also come to the rescue. Of course, it is impossible to use water directly from the heating system for sanitary needs. But there is at least two solutions:

• Connecting to the plate heat exchanger, in which sanitary water will heat up - applies to the simplest models of that.
• Buying a heat accumulator with a built-in GVS system - it can be implemented with or helping a separate heat exchanger (serpentine), or according to the "tank pot" scheme.

You can, of course, also separately acquire an indirect heating boiler, but I believe that it can only be done if you have the necessary place in your boiler room.

The heat accumulator is another way to enlarge the time between the fuel bookmarks in the boiler. In addition, it can be used in systems with solar collectors and heat pumps. Most often, that is used as a replacement of long-burning boilers. The alternative is definitely interesting and worthy of your attention. On this I complete my story. Waiting for your questions in the comments.

Heat acupuncture, its device and work principle
Heat acupuncture, its device and principle of operation. What is a heat accumulator? Why do you need a heat accumulator? Materials of the water-containing container of the heat accumulator. Heat accumulator and hot water supply.

For the heating of country objects, solid fuel boilers are used, if other types of fuel are not available or unreasonably roads. To each heating season, the cottage owner has to harvest the necessary forage of firewood and coal, the volume of which depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe object and the quality of its thermal insulation, as well as the severity of climatic conditions in the region of residence. Most models of solid fuel boilers can provide a comfortable temperature in the house if they are made twice a day in a strictly defined time. If you move the fuel ignition time in the combustion chamber of the unit, it becomes cold in the residential room. The exceptions are long-burning boilers that can maintain the required temperature in the house for several days. It is possible to achieve the same result from a conventional solid fuel boiler if it is included in the heating system an additional node capable of accumulating excessive heat generated by an aggregate when burning the fuel portion. Such nodes include buffer containers or heat accumulators, which otherwise called drives.

The installation of the heat accumulator allows you to:

• organize boiler maintenance at a convenient time of day,
• increase the time between the next fuel boots without lowering the comfort of living in the house,
• optimize the cost of maintaining the house by reducing the purchases of solid fuel.

The use of solid fuel boilers together with buffer containers allows to reduce solid fuel costs at times, while ensuring the required level of comfort in the house. The return on the installation of the tank-drive can be significantly increased, if you apply intelligent controllers and sensors in the operation of the heating system. Upon reaching the houses of the installed temperature values, the supply of the coolant into heating devices is stopped.

The heat released by continuing the operation of the boiler is accumulated in the buffer capacity, and then he is given to the coolest heat carrier, which starts circulating through the system, bypassing the burned boiler. The greater the scope of the buffer capacity, the longer the house will be heated due to thermal energy accumulated in it.

The advantages of using thermoaccumulating capacity in the system of heating a country house connected to several heat generators

Heat Cuppet for Heating Boilers: Device, Types, Connection Principles
Installation of the heat accumulator is necessary to improve the performance of a solid fuel boiler and reduce fuel consumption.

Companies engaged in engineering systems, recent years make emphasis on the development of alternative technological solutions. The concept of the concept and directions are not subject to the use of natural resources. At least experts seek to focus on minimizing their consumption. Tangible benefits in this segment demonstrates the heat battery for the heating system, which is included in the existing engineering complex as an additional optimization component.

General information about heat accumulators

There are many modifications and varieties of thermal batteries, which are also called buffer heaters. Different and tasks that perform such installations. As a rule, batteries are used to improve the efficiency of the main unit, such as a solid fuel boiler. In the same cases, it is advisable to use such systems to implement the controlling function, which is difficult to implement during the maintenance of traditional boiler houses in private homes. Most often, the heat batteries are used for this, the container of which reaches 150 liters. In the industrial sphere, of course, the installation of about 500 liters can also be applied.

In the tank itself, items provide for maintaining the necessary medium temperature. The material itself, from which the tank is completed, is mandatory conjugated with the layers of insulators. The active ingredients are tanes and copper pipes. The configuration of their placement in the tanks may differ as well as the control system of the battery operating parameters.

Operating principle

From the point of view of the drive, the main task is to ensure the ability to maintain the desired temperature regime, which the user itself sets. As the boiler work, the tank gets hot water and saves it until the function of the heating system is stopped. The conditions for maintaining the temperature balance are determined by the insulating materials of the container and the internal heating elements. The classic heat accumulator for the heating system, in essence, resembles the work of the boiler and also integrates at that is, on the one hand, the equipment connects to the heat source, and on the other, it provides the operation of direct heating, which can act as radiators. In addition, the system is often used as a full-fledged hot water source for household needs in constant consumption.

Functions of thermal batteries

As already noted, the aggregates of this type can perform different tasks, the requirements for which the criteria for choosing a particular system are determined. The basic and main functions include heat accumulation from the generator and the subsequent return. In other words, the same tank collects, stores and transfers the energy to the direct heating element. In a complex with a solid fuel boiler to the functions of the system, it is possible to attribute protection against overheating. Automated and electronic control relays are ineffective in solid fuel units. Therefore, the optimization of the boiler operation is practiced using a heat battery, which naturally collects excessive energy and returns it to the moments of temperature recession. Electric, gas and liquid generators are simply controlled, but using the battery, they can be connected to a single complex and operate with minimal heat lines.

Where can I use a thermal battery?

It is advisable to use heat accumulation system in cases where the existing heating node does not allow sufficiently controlling its operation. For example, solid fuel boilers inevitably provide for maintenance moments when their power is not loaded. To compensate, the heat loss makes sense to use such a system. Also in the work of water and electrical heating complexes such a decision justifies economically. A modern heat control battery can be customized to work at certain periods of time when the most economical energy consumption rate is valid. So, for example, at night, the system will determine a certain amount which within the next day can be used for any needs.

Where to use heat accumulators unwanted?

The nature of the buffer batteries is designed to provide uniform heat transfer and smoothing jumps at temperature differences. But this principle of action is not always useful. For heating systems, in which, on the contrary, an accelerated set or a decrease in temperature regime is required, such an addition will be unnecessary. In such situations, an increase in the potential of the coolant due to auxiliary will prevent rapid cooled and heating. In addition, it is worth noting that the heat accumulators of the house for the most part make it impossible to accurate temperature adjustment. It would seem that such a decision can be optimal for heating systems working with short intervals - to heat the capacity in advance and then use the finished energy at the appointed moment. However, in itself, the content of the optimal state of the coolant requires consumption of certain energy. Therefore, for example, the boiler room used for irregular and short-term heating of the dryer may well do without a battery. Another thing is, if we are talking about a whole group of boilers that can be combined into one system by buffer.

Characteristics of batteries

Among the main characteristics, the dimensional parameters of the unit, its capacity, maximum temperature and pressure indicator can be noted. For private houses, manufacturers offer small installations, the diameter of which can be 500-700 mm, and the height is about 1500 mm. It is important to take into account the mass, because in some cases specialists have to use concrete ties to impart stability. The average heat accumulator weighs about 70 kg, although the exact value is directly associated with the tank and the quality of the tank isolation. Performance characteristics are reduced to temperature and pressure. The first value is about 100 ° C, and the pressure level can reach 3 bar.

Battery connection

Having knowledge of electrical engineering homemade may not just independently connect the finished buffer to the heating system, but also to completely assemble the design. To begin with, it is necessary to order a cylinder capacity, which will become a working buffer. Next, the transit throughout the entire container it is necessary to carry out a return pipeline for a niche of the future thermal battery. You should start connecting from connecting the boiler and tank. From one component to the second, the location should be provided on which the circulation pump will be installed. With it, the hot heat carrier will move from the barrel to the clipping faucet and the expansion tank.

It is necessary to mount the heat battery with your own hands in such a way that the most rational distribution of fluid on all rooms is expected. To assess the quality of the work of the assembled system, it is possible to provide thermometers in it, and pressure sensors. Such a snap will allow you to evaluate how rationally the battery will function through connected contours.

Water systems

The classic heat acceumant involves the use of water as a carrier of energy. Another thing is that it is possible to use this resource in different ways. For example, it is used to supply heating floors - the liquid passes through circulation pipes into a special coating. Water can also be used to ensure the work of the shower and other needs, including technological, hygienic and sanitary properties. It is worth noting that the interaction of water boilers is quite common and due to its low cost. Water accumulator heat is cheaper compared to electrical heaters. On the other hand, they have their drawbacks. As a rule, they are reduced to nuances in organizing circulating networks. The more the amount of resource consumed, the more expensive is the organization. Installation costs are unite, but the operation will cost cheaper.

Solar systems

In water systems, the design involves the presence of a comb heat exchanger intended for the geothermal pump. But the solar collector can also be used. In essence, the energy installation center is obtained, which optimizes the function of the heating station due to the reservation of energy from different sources. Although the solar heat accumulator is less common, it can be used in typical heating systems. Solar collectors also retain the energy potential, which is further spent on domestic needs. But it is important to take into account that the hot heat carrier in the form of water itself requires less energy than the solar battery. The optimal use of such batteries is the direct integration of panels in the place where heating should be made without additional transformations.

How to choose heat?

Be proceed from several parameters. To begin with the functionality of the system and its working indicators. The tank must fully cover the volumes that are planned to be spent during the operation of the heating system. Do not save on control systems. Modern relays with automatic regulators not only make a convenient programming of engineering systems, but also provide protective properties. A properly equipped heat accumulator has protection from idling and provides ample opportunities for indicating temperature modes.