Homemade gyroscope

Gyroscope (from Dr. Greek. Yupo "Circular rotation" and OKPW "Watch") - a quickly rotating solid body, the basis of the same device that can measure the change in the orientation angles of the bodies associated with it relative to the inertial coordinate system, as a rule, based on the transmission of the rotational moment (moment of impulse).

The name of the "Gyroscope" and the working version of this device came up with the French scientist Jean Fouco in 1852.

Among mechanical gyroscopes stand out rotary gyroscope - A quickly rotating solid body, the axis of rotation of which is capable of changing the orientation in space. In this case, the speed of rotation of the gyroscope significantly exceeds the rotation rate of the axis of its rotation. The main property of such a gyroscope is the ability to maintain in space the constant direction of the axis of rotation in the absence of impact on her moments of external forces.

For the manufacture of a gyroscope, we will need:

1. A piece of laminate;
2. Ronyshko 2 pcs. from tin can;
3. Steel wand;
4. Plasticine;
5. Nuts or (s) sore;
6. Two screws;
7. Wire (copper thick);
8. Poksipol (or other frozen glue);
9. Isol;
10. Threads (for launching and something else);
11. As well as the tool: Saw, dye, Kern and DR ...

The overall idea is clearly set out in the picture:

Establish:

1) We take the laminate and cut out from it the 8th coal frame (in the photo it is 6 coal). Next, drill 4 holes in it: 2 (at the ends) on the front, 2 across (the same at the ends), see photos. Now we will be brought into the wire ring (the wire diameter is approximately equal to the diameter of the frame). Take the 2-val of the screw (bolt) and the trips in them at the deepening at the ends of the seed or core (you can drill a drill at a thin end).

2) Need to collect the main part - the rotor. To do this, take the 2nd Punchka from the canning can and make it in the hole in the center. The hole with a diameter should correspond to the axis-rod (which we insert there). To make the axis-rod take a nail or a long bolt and cut down the length, the ends must be sharpened. To make the centering was better, insert the rod into the drill and both on the machine with a snap-off file or a grinding stone from 2 sides. It would be nice to make the groove on it for a plant thread. On one of the disks with smearing plasticine, and we will drink nuts and loaded in it (who has a steel ring, then it's even better). Now we connect both disks (according to the type of sandwich) and pierce them through the holes by the axis-rod. Lubricate the whole thing in Pokilipol (or other glue), insert our rotor into a drill and while Poksipol freezes, we will center the disk (this is the most important part of the work). Balance should be perfect.

3) We collect on the picture, the free move of the rotor up-down should be minimal (felt, but a little bit).

4) We put protection from the wire, attach it with a thread or glue, and all our gyroscope is ready.

Homemade gyroscope

Gyroscope (from Dr. Greek. Yupo "Circular rotation" and OKPW "Watch") - a quickly rotating solid body, the basis of the same device that can measure the change in the orientation angles of the bodies associated with it relative to the inertial coordinate system, as a rule, based on the transmission of the rotational moment (moment of impulse).

The name of the "Gyroscope" and the working version of this device came up with the French scientist Jean Fouco in 1852.

rotary gyroscope - A quickly rotating solid body, the axis of rotation of which is capable of changing the orientation in space. In this case, the speed of rotation of the gyroscope significantly exceeds the rotation rate of the axis of its rotation. The main property of such a gyroscope is the ability to maintain in space the constant direction of the axis of rotation in the absence of impact on her moments of external forces.

For the manufacture of a gyroscope, we will need:

1. A piece of laminate;
2. Ronyshko 2 pcs. from tin can;
3. Steel wand;
4. Plasticine;
5. Nuts or (s) sore;
6. Two screws;
7. Wire (copper thick);
8. Poksipol (or other frozen glue);
9. Isol;
10. Threads (for launching and something else);
11. As well as the tool: Saw, dye, Kern and DR ...

The overall idea is clearly set out in the picture:

Establish:

1) We take the laminate and cut out from it the 8th coal frame (in the photo it is 6 coal). Next, drill 4 holes in it: 2 (at the ends) on the front, 2 across (the same at the ends), see photos. Now we will be brought into the wire ring (the wire diameter is approximately equal to the diameter of the frame). Take the 2-val of the screw (bolt) and the trips in them at the deepening at the ends of the seed or core (you can drill a drill at a thin end).

2) Need to collect the main part - the rotor. To do this, take the 2nd Punchka from the canning can and make it in the hole in the center. The hole with a diameter should correspond to the axis-rod (which we insert there). To make the axis-rod take a nail or a long bolt and cut down the length, the ends must be sharpened. To make the centering was better, insert the rod into the drill and both on the machine with a snap-off file or a grinding stone from 2 sides. It would be nice to make the groove on it for a plant thread. On one of the disks with smearing plasticine, and we will drink nuts and loaded in it (who has a steel ring, then it's even better). Now we connect both disks (according to the type of sandwich) and pierce them through the holes by the axis-rod. Lubricate the whole thing in Pokilipol (or other glue), insert our rotor into a drill and while Poksipol freezes, we will center the disk (this is the most important part of the work). Balance should be perfect.

3) We collect on the picture, the free move of the rotor up-down should be minimal (felt, but a little bit).

Once I watched the conversation of two friends, more precisely girlfriends:

A: Oh, you know, I have a new smartphone, it has even a built-in gyroscope

B: AA, yes, I also downloaded myself, put a gyroscope for a month

A: Um, are you sure that this is a gyroscope?

B: Yes, gyroscope for all zodiac signs.

So that such dialogues in the world have become a little less, we suggest finding what a gyroscope is and how it works.

Gyroscope: history, definition

A gyroscope is a device having a free axis of rotation and capable of reacting to a change in body orientation angles on which it is installed. When rotating, the gyroscope retains its position unchanged.

Word itself comes from Greek gyreo - Razing I. skopeo. - Watch, watch. For the first time the term gyroscope was introduced Jean Foo. In 1852, but invented the device earlier. Did it a German astronomer Johann Bonenberger In 1817.

They are rotating with high frequency solid bodies. The axis of rotation of the gyroscope can change its direction in space. The properties of the gyroscope have rotating artillery shells, aircraft screws, turbine rotors.

The simplest example of a gyroscope - wolf Or well the well-known children's toy Yula. The body rotating around a certain axis, which retains the position in space, if there are no external forces and moments of these forces on the gyroscope. In this case, the gyroscope is resistant and is able to resist the effects of external force, which is largely determined by its rotational speed.

For example, if we quickly promote Yula, and then I push it, it will not fall, but will continue to rotate. And when the vehicle speed drops to a certain value, the precession will begin - the phenomenon when the axis of rotation describes the cone, and the moment of the pulse of the wolf changes the direction in space.

Types of gyroscopes

There are many types of gyroscopes: two and three-space (separation by degrees of freedom or possible axes of rotation), mechanical, laser and optical Gyroscopes (separation on the principle of action).

Consider the most common example - mechanical rotary gyroscope. In essence, it is a wolf rotating around the vertical axis, which turns around the horizontal axis and, in turn, is fixed in another frame, turning around the third axis. As we did not turn the top, it will always be located in a vertical position.

Application of gyroscopes

Due to its properties, gyroscopes are very widely used. They are used in spacecraft stabilization systems, in navigation systems of ships and aircraft, in mobile devices and game consoles, as well as as simulators.

Interested in how such a device can fit into a modern mobile phone and why is it needed there? The fact is that the gyroscope helps determine the position of the device in space and find out the deviation angle. Of course, there is no rotating top in the phone, the gyroscope is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) containing microelectronic and micromechanical components.

How does it work in practice? Imagine that you play your favorite game. For example, racing. To rotate the virtual car steering wheel, you do not need to press any buttons, it is enough just to change the position of your gadget in your hands.

As you can see, gyroscopes are amazing devices with beneficial properties. If you need to resolve the task of calculating the movement of the gyroscope in the field of external forces, refer to the specialists of the student service that will help you handle it quickly and efficiently!

This homemade will be interesting, first of all, small children. Especially if collecting it together. In general, the manufacture of a rotary gyroscope from undergraduate means is a great way to have fun and with benefit to spend your free time. Despite the visual complexity of the whole design, it is very simple to make it, because, in fact, the gyroscope is a conventional top, only with the "secret".

However, the principle of operation of the gyroscope is also quite simple: the flywheel rotates clockwise around its axis, which, in turn, is conjugate with the ring and performs rotational movements in the horizontal plane. This ring is rigidly fixed in another ring turning around the third axis. That's the whole secret.

The process of manufacturing a rotary mechanical gyroscope

From the plastic pipe cut off two rings of the same width. The bearing will also be required to shed superclaim so that it does not spin. In the inner ring, we will prescribe a wooden "tablet", in which in the center you need to drill a hole for a metal rod with pointed ends.

On one edge of the rod, we put on a piece of plastic tube (you can borrow with ballpoint pen). In the plastic ring drill two holes for the rod and joking with a rotating axis of the bearing using the metal tubes of a larger diameter (you can use the segments of the telescopic antenna).

Among mechanical gyroscopes stand out rotary gyroscope - quickly rotating hard body The axis of rotation of which is capable of changing orientation in space. At the same time speed
A gyroscope rotation significantly exceeds the rotation speed of its axis
Rotation. The main property of such a gyroscope is the ability to maintain
space constant direction of the axis of rotation in the absence
Impact on her moments of external forces.

Be sure to look this video.
This is a gyroscope store:

Yes, from the garbage)) we will need it - 1. Laminate (I found a trim from my grandfather on
balcony), 2. Done and the cover of tin can (ate the beans
Bank) 3. Stall wand (the most complex part-found outdoor)
4. Balastille (sister's sprue) 5.Gayki or (s) loaded 6.Weva
Screw, kerner (acute thing at the end, will come down and awl, everything has a grandfather)
6.Provolok (copper thick, Santa Nashol)) 7.Poxipol (or other positive
glue, took from his grandfather)) 8.Solent (ibid)) 9.Nists (for launching and something
Still, grandma)) as well as drank, dumping and other ...
The general idea is understandable here.

then we collect the main part of the rotor (or somehow differently)) Take Ronyshko and
Gorlashko (they are the same) we do in them in the hole (in the center !!) of the hole should
be thick with a stick iron. Iron rod cut down the length, ends
think it would be better to put the core in the drill and how on
the machine with a sharp file with 2 sides also need to make a groove for
plant thread (found on the photo)) on one of the disks with flaming, and
In it we will drink nuts and loaded (who has a steel ring
Gorgeous) then connect both disks (sandwich) and let them pass through holes
axis.maza is all this case Poksipol, let it sleep (case)) in a drill and so far
Poksipol will use, we will center the disk (so as not to beat) is the most important
Part of the work. Balance should be perfect.

A rotary gyroscope is a rapidly rotating solid body, the axis of rotation of which is capable of changing the orientation in space. In this case, the speed of rotation of the gyroscope significantly exceeds the rotation rate of the axis of its rotation.
This gyroscope is able to maintain in space the constant direction of the axis of rotation in the absence of impact on her moments of external forces.

Unclear? Watch the video - how the gyroscope works.

How to make gyroscope

Make it will be from the remedies.

It will take:

• trim laminate;
• 2 Covers / bottom of cansawa;
• steel rod;
• nuts;
• 2 screw;
• kerner;
• copper wire;
• glue "Pokilipol";
• insulating tape.

Cut from laminate the bulk frame. Copper wire bend in the form of a ring, and in screws with a core make a deepening.

Cut the steel rod of the desired length and sharpen the ends. You also need to make a groove for the thread.

Rotor

In two covers from canned cans, we do the holes in the center. On one of the covers smear plasticine and attach nuts on it. Close the second lid and insert the rod. Lubricate from two sides "Pokilipol" and while the glue does not froze, it is necessary to center the disk by inserting it into the drill. The balance must turn out perfect.

We collect a gyroscope. The rotor must move between screws quite a bit.

Install the ring from the wire. Ready.

According to the materials of the site: sam0delka.ru

Mechanical gyroscope is not a complex device, while its work is a rather beautiful sight. His properties are studying scientists for more than two hundred years. It would be possible to think that everything was studied, because it has long been found and practical application and the topic should be closed.

But there are passionate people who do not get tired to argue that when the gyroscope is performed, its weight changes when rotating in one direction or another or in a certain plane. Moreover, such conclusions sound, as if the gyroscope overcomes gravity. Or it forms the so-called gravitational shadow zone. Finally, there are people who say that if the speed of rotation of the gyroscope exceeds to some critical value, then this device acquires a negative weight begins to fly away from the ground.

What are we dealing with? The possibility of a breakthrough of civilization or pseudo-nuclear error?

Theoretically, weight change is possible, but at such high speeds, which is experimentally verified impossible under normal conditions. But there are people who assure that they have seen the overcoming of earthly gravity at the speed of rotation of everything within a few thousand minutes. This experiment is devoted to this hypothesis.

Characteristics of the simplest homemade gyroscope.

Not everyone, if possible, collect a gyroscope. Auto roller assembled a gyroscope weighing more than 1 kg. Maximum speed of rotation of 5000 revolutions. If the effect of weight change is really present, it will be noticeable on lever scales. Their accuracy, taking into account the friction in the hinges, lies within 1 grams.

Let's start experiment.

First, we will bring the balanced gyroscope in the horizontal plane clockwise. Rotating flywheel will never be completely balanced, as it is impossible to produce it perfect balancing. Yes, and there are no ideal bearings.

Where does the axial and radial vibration arise, which goes to the scales? As a result, an imaginary increase or a decrease in weight may occur? Let's try to promote the flywheel in the other direction to test the theory that it is precisely the direction of rotation plays a major role in the gravitational eclipse. But it looks like a miracle will not happen.

What will happen if you suspend and promote a gyroscope in a vertical plane? But in this case, no changes are happening on the scales.

Forced precession.

Perhaps at school or at the institute you showed such an installation for the demonstration of forced precession. If you promote a gyroscope, for example, clockwise in a vertical plane, and then turn it again clockwise, if you look at the top, but already in the horizontal plane, then it takes off. Thus, it reacts to external influences and seeks to combine the axis and the direction of its rotation with the axis and the direction of rotation in the new plane.

Some people suddenly break down this topic, there is an erroneous understanding of this process. MM It seems that the mechanical gyroscope is able to take off if it is forced to unwind in the second plane and thus allegedly can be created an innovative engine. At the same time, the gyroscope here rises only because it is repelled from the rotating stand, and it in turn is repelled from the table. In weightlessness, the total impulse of such a design will be zero.

Gyroscopes are designed to dampen the angular movements of models around one of the axes, or the stabilization of their angular movement. Used mainly on flying models in cases where it is necessary to increase the stability of the behavior of the device or create it artificially. The greatest use (about 90%), the gyroscopes were found in the helicopters of the usual scheme to stabilize the vertical axis by controlling the step of the steering screw. This is due to the fact that the helicopter has zeroful stability along the vertical axis. In airplanes, the gyroscope can stabilize the roll, course and pitch. The course stabilize mainly on turbojet models to ensure safe takeoff and landing - there are high speeds and take-off distances, and runway, as a rule, narrow. Pitch stabilize on models with small, zero, or negative longitudinal stability (with rear center), which increases their maneuverable opportunities. Roll is useful to stabilize even on training models.

On aircraft and glider sports classes, the gyroscopes are prohibited by the requirements of FAI.

The gyroscope consists of an angular velocity sensor and the controller. As a rule, they are constructively combined, although they are obsolete, as well as "steep" modern gyroscopes are sampled in different buildings.

According to the design of rotational sensors, the gyros can be divided into two main classes: mechanical and piezo. More precisely, now it is not yet to share anything that, because mechanical gyros is completely removed from production as morally obsolete. Nevertheless, we will write down and their principle of work, too, at least for the sake of historical justice.

The basis of the mechanical gyroscope is heavy disks fixed on the motor of the electric motor. The engine in turn has one degree of freedom, i.e. It can freely rotate around the axis perpendicular to the engine shaft.

The heavy discs overwhelmed with the engine have a gyroscopic effect. When the entire system begins to rotate around the axis perpendicular to the other two, the engine with disks is deflected by a certain angle. The magnitude of this angle is proportional to the rotation rate (those who are interested in the forces arising in gyroscopes can read the coriolis acceleration in special literature). The deviation of the motor is recorded by the sensor, the signal of which enters the electronic data processing unit.

The development of modern technologies made it possible to develop more advanced angular velocity sensors. As a result, piezogioscopes appeared, which to date completely supplanted mechanical. Of course, they still use the effect of Coriolis of acceleration, but the sensors are solid-state, that is, the rotating parts are absent. In the most common sensors are used vibrating plates. Turning around the axis, such a plate begins to deflect in the plane, the transverse plane of vibration. This deviation is measured and comes to the output of the sensor, from where it is removed by the external scheme for subsequent processing. The most famous manufacturers of such sensors are Murata and Tokin.

An example of a typical design of a piezoelectric sensor of angular velocities is given in the following figure.

The sensors of this design have a lack of a large temperature drift of the signal (i.e., when the temperature is changed at the output of the Piezodatcher, which is in a fixed state, a signal may appear). However, the advantages obtained in return are much overlapped by this inconvenience. Piezogiroscopes consume a much smaller current compared to mechanical, withstand large overloads (less sensitive to accidents), allow you to more accurately respond to models turns. As for the fight against the drift, there is simply adjustment of the "zero" in cheap models, and in more expensive - the automatic installation of "zero" by the microprocessor when powering and compensating drift by temperature sensors.

Life, however, does not stand still, and now in the new line of gyroscopes from Futaba (the GYXXX family with the "AVCS" system) are already there are sensors from Silicon Sensing Systems, which are very beneficial in terms of characteristics from Murata and Tokin products. New sensors have a lower temperature drift, lower noise levels, very high vibration-defense and extended operating temperature range. This is achieved by changing the design of the sensing element. It is made in the form of a ring operating in the mode of bending oscillations. The ring is made by photolithography, like a chip, so the sensor is called SMM (Silicon Micro Machine). Let's not deepen into technical details, curious will be able to find everything here: http://www.spp.co.jp/sssj/comp-e.html. We give only a few photos of the sensor itself, the sensor without the top cover and the fragment of the ring piezoelement.

Typical gyroscopes and their work algorithms

The most famous manufacturers of gyroscopes today are Futaba, JR-Graupner, Ikarus, CSM, Robbe, Hobbico, etc..

Now consider the modes of operation that are used in most issued gyroscopes (all sorts of unusual cases will then consider separately).

Gyroscopes with standard work mode

In this mode, the gyroscope dampers the angular movement of the model. Such a regime was inherited from mechanical gyroscopes. The first piezoogiroscopes differed from mechanical mainly sensor. The algorithm of work remained unchanged. Its essence comes down to the following: the gyroscope measures the rotation speed and gives the correction to the signal from the transmitter to slow down the rotation as much as possible. The explanatory block diagram is given below.

As can be seen from the drawing, the gyroscope is trying to suppress any rotation, including the one that is caused by the signal from the transmitter. To avoid such a side effect, it is desirable to use additional mixers on the transmitter, so that with the deviation of the control knob from the center, the sensitivity of the gyroscope has decreased smoothly. Such mixing can be already implemented within the controllers of modern gyroscopes (to clarify whether it is or not - see the characteristics of the device and the instruction manual).

Adjusting sensitivity is implemented in several ways:

1. Remote adjustment is absent. The sensitivity is set on the ground (the regulator on the housing of the gyroscope) and does not change during the flight.
2. Discrete adjustment (Dual Rates Gyro). On Earth, two gyroscope sensitivity values \u200b\u200bare defined (two regulators). In the air, you can select the desired value of the sensitivity through the regulatory channel.
3. Smooth adjustment. The gyroscope makes a sensitivity in proportion to the signal in the regulatory channel.

Currently, almost all modern piezo-boosters have smooth adjustment of sensitivity (and the mechanical gyroscopes can already be safely forgotten). The exception is only the basic models of some manufacturers, where the sensitivity is set by the regulator on the gyroscope housing. Discrete adjustment is necessary only with primitive transmitters (where there is no additional proportional channel or can not be set the pulse duration in the discrete channel). In this case, a small additional module can be enabled to the control channel of the gyroscope, which will produce the specified sensitivity values \u200b\u200bdepending on the position of the transmitter discrete channel setler.

If we talk about the advantages of gyroscopes implementing only the "standard" mode of operation, then it can be noted that:

• Such gyroscopes have a rather low price (due to the simplicity of implementation)
• When installing the helicopter on the tail beam, the beginners are easier to perform flights in a circle, since the beam can be particularly not followed (the beam itself unfolds along the movement of the helicopter).

Disadvantages:

• In low-cost gyroscopes, thermocompensation is not well done. It is necessary to manually set "zero", which can shift when the air temperature changes.
• It is necessary to apply additional measures to eliminate the control effect of the control signal by a gyroscope (additional mixing in the sensitivity control channel or an increase in the flow vehicle).

Here are quite well-known examples of the described type of gyroscopes:

When choosing a steering wheel, which will be connected to the gyroscope, you should give preference to faster options. This will make it possible to achieve greater sensitivity, without the risk that mechanical self-oscillations will occur in the system (when the steering wheel begins to move from side to the side.

Gyroscopes with directional deduction

In this mode, the angular position of the model is stabilized. For a start, a small historical reference. The first firm that made gyros with such a regime was CSM. She called Holding Hold mode. Since the name was patented, other firms began to invent (and patent) their own names. Thus arose brands "3D", "AVSC" (Angular Vector Control System) and others. Such a variety can plunge the novice in a slight confusion, but in fact, there are no fundamental differences in such gyroscopes.

And one more remark. All gyroscopes that have Heading Hold mode also support the usual work algorithm. Depending on the maneuver performed, you can choose the gyroscope mode that is more suitable.

So, about new mode. In it, the gyroscope does not give up rotation, and makes it a proportional signal from the transmitter knob. The difference is obvious. The model begins to rotate precisely with the speed with which you need, regardless of wind and other factors.

Look at the block diagram. It can be seen that it obtains from the control channel and the signal from the sensor (after the adder) the difference signal of the error that is supplied to the integrator. The integrator changes the output signal until the error signal is zero. A constant integration is regulated through the sensitivity channel, that is, the speed of testing the steering wheel. Of course, the above explanations are very approximate and have a number of inaccuracies, but we are going to not make gyroscopes, but to apply them. Therefore, we should be much more interested in the practical features of the use of similar devices.

The advantages of the Heading Hold mode are obvious, but I want to emphasize the advantages that are manifested when installing such a gyroscope per helicopter (for stabilizing the tail beam):

• at the helicopter, the beginner pilot in the mode of joints can practically do not control the tail screw
• there is no need to mix the steps of the tail screw with gas, which simplifies the pre-flight preparation
• the trimming of the tail screw can be produced without separating the model from the ground
• it becomes possible to perform such maneuvers that were previously difficult (for example, flight tail ahead).

For aircraft, the use of this mode can also be justified, especially on some complex 3D figures like "Torque Roll".

At the same time, it should be noted that each work mode has its own characteristics, so the use of Heading Hold everywhere in a row is not a panacea. When performing ordinary helicopter flights, especially newbies, the use of the Heading Hold function can lead to loss of control. For example, if you do not control the tail beam when performing aggregates, the helicopter is belonging.

As examples of gyroscopes that support HEADING HOLD mode, the following models can be brought:

Switching between standard mode and Heading Hold is performed through the sensitivity adjustment channel. If you change the duration of the control pulse in one direction (from the midpoint), the gyroscope will operate in HEADING HOLD mode, and if to another, the gyroscope goes into the standard mode. The midpoint is when the duration of the channel pulse is approximately 1500 μs; That is, if we were connected to this channel steering machine, it would be installed in the middle position.

Separately, it is worth affecting the theme of the steering machines used. In order to achieve the maximum effect from Heading Hold, you need to put steering machines with increased speed and very high reliability. With increasing sensitivity (if the speed of working out the machine allows), the gyroscope begins to shift the servomechanism very sharply, even with a knock. Therefore, the machine must have a serious margin of durability in order to last and not fail. Preference should be given to the so-called "digital" machine. For the most modern gyroscopes, even specialized digital servos (for example, Futaba S9251 for GY601 gyroscope) are developing. Remember that on Earth, due to the lack of feedback from the sensor of the enemies, if you do not accept additional measures, then the gyroscope necessarily remove the steering machine to the extreme position, where it becomes the maximum load. Therefore, if the stroke limit functions are not embedded in the gyroscope and the steering machine, the steering machine should be able to withstand heavy loads so as not to fail on Earth.

Specialized aircraft gyroscopes

For use in airplanes in order to stabilize the roll, specialized gyroscopes began to produce. From ordinary, they differ from the fact that they have another channel of the external team.

When controlling each aileron, individual servo, the aircraft with computer equipment involve the function of the flaps. Mixing occurs on the transmitter. However, the controller of the aircraft gyroscope on the model automatically determines the syphan deviation of both channels of the aileron and does not interfere with it. And the anti-phase deviation is activated in the roll stabilization loop - there are two adder and one angular velocity sensor. There are no other differences. If the ailerons are controlled from one servo, the specialized aircraft gyroscope is not needed, and the usual one will be used. Airborne gyros make Hobbico, Futaba and others.

Referring to the use of gyroscopes on the plane, it should be noted that it is impossible to use the Heading Hold mode on takeoff and landing. More precisely, at the moment when the plane concerns the Earth. This is because when the plane is on Earth, it can not touch or turn, so the gyroscope will lead the steers into any extreme position. And when the aircraft is separated from the Earth (or immediately after the landing), when the model has a greater speed, the strong rejection of the steering wheel can play a cruel joke. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to use a gyroscope on aircraft in standard mode.

In airplanes, the efficiency of the steering and aleroons is proportional to the square of the aircraft flight speed. With a wide range of speeds, which is characteristic of a complex pilot, it is necessary to compensate for this change in the control of the sensitivity of the gyroscope. Otherwise, when the aircraft is accelerated, the system will go into an auto-oscillating mode. If you immediately ask a low level of efficiency of the gyroscope, then at low speeds, when it is especially needed, it will not be due effect. On this aircraft, such regulation makes automation. Perhaps soon it will be on models. In some cases, the transition to the auto-oscillating mode of the control body is useful - at very low aircraft flight speeds. Many probably saw how Max-2001 "Berkut" C-37 showed the figure "Harrier". The front horizontal plumage has worked in auto-oscillating mode. The gyroscope in the roll channel allows you to make an airplane "unskilled on the wing." Learn more about the operation of the gyroscope in the stabilization mode of the pitch of the aircraft can be read in the famous monograph I.V. Sostoslav's "aircraft aerodynamics".

Conclusion

In recent years, many cheap models of miniature gyroscopes have appeared, allowing to expand their scope of use. Easy installation and low prices justify the use of gyroscopes even on educational and radio-free models. The strength of piezoelectric gyroscopes is such that during the accident, the receiver or servo will be spoilable than a gyroscope.

The question of the feasibility of the saturation of flying models of modern avionics each decides itself. In our opinion, in the sports classes of aircraft, - at least on copies, the gyroscopes are still allowed over time. Otherwise it is impossible to provide realistic, similar to the original flight of a reduced copy due to different numbers of Reynolds. On the hobby devices, the use of artificial stabilization allows you to expand the range of weather conditions, and fly into such a wind, when only manual control is not able to hold the model.