Steps for the porch should be comfortable and organically fit into the interior of the house and the yard. It is impossible to allow their surface to be slippery, and the height is too large or small.

To do this, it is necessary to choose the correct material from which the staircase on the porch will be performed, perform the calculations of the length, depth, and the height of the steps.

Steps for the porch

Make steps on the porch, like a street staircase for a country house completely, can be in different ways.

When selecting the design, it is useful to know the disadvantages and advantages of certain materials, molds of frameworks, types of design. Which of them are the most simple in installation, eco-friendly, beautiful and durable.

Technical requirements

Input stairs in private homes (photos) build so that their coating is solid, with a rough surface. To do this, use wear-resistant plastic, corrugated metal.

It is necessary to provide that when opening the door from ourselves, a place for maneuvering remained at least 1.2 m. If the door opens to itself - 1.5 m.

Street steps are not made with rounding ribs more than 5 cm. For the safety of movement, it is better to apply the deaf design of the marches where vertical risers are present. This eliminates the slippage of the legs.

If the number of steps 3 or more, then you need to put the railing.

Do not provide for the slope of the stairs to the house (outdoor) more than 45˚. Snip is allowed and 50˚, but a bias of less than 35-37˚ are convenient for most people.

Sizes, forms

The lifting height and the width of the sticky within the march is better to do the same. The width of the sticking is more than 40-45 cm, and the height of the lift is not more than 18-20 cm, since the disabled person, old man or child can rise on the stairs.

If you plan a reinforced concrete structure, then a large number of finished marches are presented on the market, the calculations for which are made by professionals.

You can also use the factory forms of blocks for exterior stairs, which are mounted on the construction site.

Steps on the porch make in shape:

1. Rectangle (the most common classic look).
2. Trapezium (at screw rotary models).
3. Radial (with orientation on the central axis are located around the circumference).

It is possible to highlight the designs without risers - open, and with risers - closed (deaf).

The minimum width of the stairs so that it is convenient to use - at least 60 cm.

Species, design, styles

The use of wood to make the staircase for the porch is the most affordable and simple way. They are made from the boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm.

This material is well processing, has the necessary strength, it is possible to create original structures with it. The tree is successfully combined with stone products, brick and metal elements.

Wooden can be, both themselves steps and handrails, balusters, kosoms, a validative, risers. For their manufacture, they use larch, ash, oak, beech. Reliable products are made of logs, cutting them along half.

Most design tasks can be solved by applying frame models of stairs. The carrier structure is performed from reinforced concrete, metal or the same tree.

The easiest carcass is made of metal. It is separated by wood, natural or artificial stone, tiles, porcelain stoneware. Classic view can be obtained if you use forged items.

Features of metal frame structures:

• the ability to fulfill the form of any complexity;
• with proper anti-corrosion processing, the design will be durable and reliable;
• according to the style and technical execution, the metal is well combined with other materials.

If concrete, the monolithic design, which can be decorated in different ways, will be used as a concrete material. Manipulating formwork for reinforced concrete, make different forms, for example, a round porch.

Procedure for the production of work when using metal, wood, brick or concrete

Production includes several stages: design, calculations, preparation of materials, installation.

Project, drawings

The presence of detailed sketches will help:

1. Reduce time on the process of creating a staircase.
2. Rational use materials, avoid unnecessary expenses.
3. Apply creative fantasy so that the layout is not tempted.
4. Create a design that will harmoniously fit into the interior.

How to calculate the height of the porch?

The first thing to do is to solve the issue with the height of the stairs. The size is determined by the basement basement, i.e., the distance from the surface of the soil to the inlet door threshold is minus 3 cm - in case the material is expanding when heated into the sun or swell from moisture.

Knowing the overall height of the porch, calculated the size of the upper platform and the desired number of steps.

The entrance door, according to the rules of fire safety, should open out. A playground is located in front of the open door, which makes it possible to retreat down to the step to enter the room.

Its parties are advisable to make 1.5-2 m. If the surface is fried by tiles, you can calculate the area for a whole amount of material.

Wooden steps for the porch, brick or concrete design are installed on the foundation. Its height can not be taken into account, since it will be bundled. If the steps on the porch will be removed into the paving slabs, its width will have to take into account.

Dimensions of coming and risers

There is a rule that is based on convenience and security when moving along the stairs, how the height of the porch steps is calculated:

1. The amount of depth (width) of the sticky and the height of the riser should be 445-460 mm. The difference of the same values \u200b\u200bis 120 mm.
2. In an adult, a step is 60-65 cm. Builders believe that 640 mm should be 2 heights of the riser plus the width of the sticking.

So, if the risers with a height of 170 mm, then the sticking width should be 640-170-170 \u003d 300 mm. Or risers - 300 mm, then 460-300 \u003d 160 mm.

The horizontal projection under the steps for the porch can be determined if you multiply the number of risers on the width of the sticky.

To use more accurate formulas, for example, if you need to calculate the angular porch, you can use the online calculator.

Tools depending on the material

To work with wood, you will need:

• electric jigsaw;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• hacksaw;
• corolnic;
• a hammer;
• roulette;
• plumb;
• level;
• screws and nails;
• impregnation from fire, fungus and mold.

To work with brick and concrete, will be needed:

• shovels;
• concrete mixer or large capacity;
• material for formwork;
• lighthouses;
• rule;
• broom;
• corner perforated;
• master OK.

Before filling the foundation, it is necessary to prepare the basis, given the size of the porch. To do this, dig up around the perimeter of the cutting depth of 40-50 cm. The crushed stone is 20-25 cm and the sand - 10-15 cm, after which it is trambed and shed.

From above you need to make waterproofing. You can use rubReroid, polyethylene tight film or special materials.

The next step in the arrangement will be the installation of formwork for the foundation. On the perimeter of the pit need to fasten the boards.

Their external sides can be sprinkled with soil. Concrete has a good operating force, so the design needs to be made durable. Waterproofing should overlap the formwork to eliminate leaks, easily and quickly separate the boards when the foundation will be ready.

The base is reinforced with a metal wire 6-10 mm, metal or plastic reinforcement.

Installing the formwork for the porch of concrete

The entrance staircase from concrete is not subject to rotting and corrosion, will last long time, durable, easily cooked by any materials. With its construction, the main thing is that the formwork is correctly mounted, which is complicated, for example, when they build a porch by a semicircle.

Make a solid barrage can be from:

• plastic panels;
• metal sheets;
• plywood;
• edged or unedged board.

In order to give the structure stiffness, you will need fasteners, struts in the form of bars and stakes. The methods of the device of the roof of the porch are set, so there are no options for formwork.

For a simple single-sided porch, 2 lateral stepped shape of the shield are collected, so that each subsequent board is less than the depth of the stage. Boards of shields with each other are fixed with the help of self-tapping and bars located transversely.

To securely secure the design, you can use long nails that need to be bought from the back side. From the outside of the shields should be pushed by boards, and to score pegs or pieces of fittings below.

Broadcast panels are connected by boards, the width of which is equal to the height of the risk.

Reinforcement of steps

Without reinforcement frame, concrete design will be fragile. The structure of the material for stretching and bending works badly, with dynamic and static loads, cracks and destruction are possible.

This problem is solved by adding rigidity from metal or modern plastic to the concrete. Reinforcements also require columns or any other products that are pulled out for the porch.

Before work, you need to decide on:

1. View and quantity material for reinforcement.
2. How will the staircase and march be connected.
3. The method to which the bunch of reinforcement will be carried out.

You can use ready-made metal or plastic meshs or knit design yourself with welding or wire.

Fill the concrete mixture and lay the aligning layer of the solution is inappropriate for the whole depth when a high porch is made. In order to save on materials and labor costs, it is better to fall asleep part of the volume by broken brick and rubble.

It is necessary to fill with the concrete of all sharp corners and steps, the mixture should penetrate the reinforcement. If it is possible, it is better to rent an electric vibrator for concrete. This will help make the design better.

The surface must be aligned with the rule.

Bricklaying

The porch for a brick house is often made from the same material. If the foundation for the porch is poured together with the main foundation of the building, they cannot be supplied with reinforcement.

The brick staircase is characterized by:

• the height of the steps must be adjusted to the suction thickness of the solution;
• not the facial part can be filled with concrete blocks, hollow or broken brick;
• the masonry is required to hydroize;
• if the masonry is one side adjacent to the wall, it can be marked with steps;
• the results of the work is to constantly check with the help of level and roulette.

Welding metal structures

From the metal you can make screw, P-shaped, angular marches to make the unique design of the porch. When working, you need to take into account the features of metal structures:

1. The assembly will be outwardly attractive only if there are skills in working with this material.
2. The product during operation will need periodic anti-corrosion processing.
3. Suitable in characteristics. Corner and channel requires costs that are supplemented by the need for fasteners, electrodes, wires.
4. When assembling and manufacturing complex elements of the slightest inaccuracy, there may be a skew of the entire product.
5. The design may look slightly due to the fact that there is a small difference in 3-5 mm.

To ensure the stability of the staircase march, it will take the foundation. You may have to arrange piles up to 0.9 m, if the clay soil is unstable.

In a wooden house from a tree, there are stairs on the growths, rods or bolsters. With them, knowing the size of the steps for the porch, and start cutting.

For example, if you make a product on the cosos, then after the preparation of beams are prepared as follows:

1. The outline of the Kouryer tolerate the board and scold the resulting excess.
2. Measured the necessary width of the stairs, connect the beams pairwise with the board.
3. Details of the steps are placed with a corner.
4. They put the place of the cosomes and align with the level.
5. Attach the first thing to the beams, and then sticking.
6. The compounds are wetted with PVA glue and strengthen nails or screws.

Railing and handrails

To prevent falling and facilitating the rise, from a tree or steel make handrails and railings that play a considerable decorative role.

The fence will solve the security task, if it is a height of more than 0.9 m. It is better to watch the handrails without dome, when all rounders are made after the staircase steps harmoniously. If one of the sides are made close to the wall, then put wall handrails.

The railing is:

• square;
• rectangular;
• round.

The fence is made by type of balaasine or use solid plastic structures, plexiglas. In the style of the aristocratic classics, wrought fences are watching.

Canopy and roof

In addition to protection against rain and snow, as well as ultraviolet rays, a canopy is a facade decoration. When designing a design, you need to take into account some nuances:

• the roof must withstand the load from snow and wind;
• she needs to close the entire platform, and not just the door;
• the plan should provide a water removal system;
• simple for mounting option - Single-table, and the complex buildings look better;
• the lighting of the porch participates in the creation of the interior.

Materials for the roof or canopy can be: polycarbonate, special polyvinyl chloride plates, sheet metal, wrought-iron elements, metal tile, wood, slate, rubberoid.

From a long time, it was believed that the porch of the house is the face of his owner. Indeed, it is the porch "meets" guests and it is it that gives the first impression of the whole house. The well-worked and beautifully decorated porch testified about the level of mastery of the host of the house. In recent years, in connection with the increased demand for private houses, fashion returned to beautifully decorated porches.

Types of materials for the porch

The modern building market offers to the attention of owners of houses wishing to make a porch with their own hands, a huge number of different building materials and technologies. The most sought-after materials for the porch are metal, concrete, stone and wood. Each of these materials has both its advantages and its cons. In addition, all sorts of combinations of these materials are often found - a concrete base and a decorative stone surface, a metal frame and wooden steps.

All these options give the widest opportunities for decorative trim. High aestheticism may differ forged metal stairs, with curved, decorated with floral ornaments. No less aesthetics have concrete steps lined with stovered marble or granite plates. However, such options have two main disadvantages that make construction with their own hands very difficult:

1. High cost of building materials.
2. High requirements for construction skills.

To make a porch of wrought iron with your own hands, you need to have enough knowledge and skills in blacksmith, welding business. In order to make it yourself beautiful steps from marble or granite, it is also necessary to have sufficient construction skills. In addition, such options will require significant financial investments.

The most democratic option is a tree steps. It is completely devoid of the shortcomings listed above. The cost of building wood is much lower than the cost of facing stone tiles or the same metal. In addition, the wood is much easier to process, and make a wooden staircase with their own hands does not make much difficulty. It is these factors that caused the popularity that the entrance staircases from the tree in modern construction deserved. As practice shows, actually work with a tree does not cause special difficulties in a person who knows how to keep carpentry tools in the hands. The largest difficulty in the construction of a wooden porch with their own hands is a product of mathematical calculations, including the definition of a lobe march, height and depths of steps. In this article, we will focus on these issues in more detail - how to build the most convenient in the use of the porch.

The calculation of the height of the stairs

Steps are an essential detail of any porch. In this regard, during the construction of the stairs with their own hands, their manufacture should be paid to special attention. Therefore, before taking on the construction tools, you need to make a number of engineering calculations. First of all, it will be necessary to calculate the height of the steps, and their depths. From these indicators will depend as a convenient porch in operation. Also, the height of the steps and their depth directly affect their total quantity, as well as the slope of the stairs.

To correctly calculate the height of the stage, it is necessary to initially determine the height of the porch. To do this, take the distance from the door threshold to the soil surface and take it from this indicator 3 - 5 cm. These centimeters are the height of the foundation of the porch above the surface of the soil. The wooden pad of the porch should be made slightly below the level of the threshold, also a few see the fact that the wood is characteristic of swelling from dampness. Therefore, if you make a platform in short with a threshold, during the rains the door will be bad and closed, clinging for it.

Calculation of the liner's slope

After we measured the height of the stairs, you must calculate the most optimal bias. As everyone knows, through Chur the steep staircase is inconvenient to use, and too commonly occupying much more space in the yard. Therefore, making the staircase with your own hands, you need to choose the most convenient bias.

Important ! In accordance with the accepted building standards, the maximum bias of the porch ladder in a residential building should not exceed 45 degrees relative to the horizontal line. In rare cases, this indicator can reach 50 degrees, and a bias of 25 - 35 degrees is considered the most acceptable option.

The angle of inclination can be adjusted, shortening or extending the length of the staircase march. After the most convenient bias is selected, it should be proceeded to calculate the width and height of the stage.

Calculation of the height of the stage

The depth of the stage is important for the feet completely put on it, not hanging. This makes the porch more secure, especially during the snowfall or rain - at this time wooden steps, especially painted or ground, become slippery. The excessive height of the step makes the rise in the stairs are also quite inconvenient, especially for children and the elderly family members.

Important ! According to the same construction standards, the SNIP, the steps made of a depth of at least 30 cm, and 15 - 18 cm high, are considered to be the most convenient for the lifting and descent.

The calculation in this case is quite simple to produce even for a person who does not shack outstanding knowledge in geometry. At the beginning of construction, the entire countdown begins on the height of the porch, i.e. From the distance between the threshold and the soil. Let it, for example, is 0.5 m. In this case, to obtain a convenient slope of the stairs, the Marsh length will have to do at least 1 meter. In this case, the slope (the ratio of the march length to height) will be 1: 2, that is, fully corresponds to the optimal 45 degrees.

Further, based on the standards of SNiP, we accept the minimum depth of the stage of 30 cm. Based on this, we obtain that the span in the meter will be offered only 3 steps, in a depth of 33 cm each. Such depth fully complies with the construction standards. It remains to check whether these regulations will correspond to these standards at a march length in 1 m and a step of step in 33 cm? To do this, divide the height of the stairs - 0.5 m to the number of steps. We obtain the height of the stage 50: 3 \u003d 16.5 cm, which is also fully fit into construction standards. As can be seen from these calculations, to build with their own hands more or less comfortable staircase from the tree is not so difficult - it is enough to make a grays slide of not more than 45 degrees. To reduce the height of the stage and increase its depth, it is enough just to make a slope of more gentle, that is, increase the length of the stairs.

Making wooden stages

After the work of all the necessary calculations, it is proceeding directly to the manufacture of wooden steps. Steps of any staircase, including wooden, consist of two parts:

• Appeal. This is a horizontal part for which the foot is based on the rise and descent.
• Riser. Vertical part connecting two horizontal sticky. However, in some designs, the stairs cost without an approach.

The manufacture of wood steps begins with the selection of the board suitable for these purposes.

Important ! The thickness of the chalkboard for stickies directly depends on the width of the staircase and should relate to it as 1 to 20.

Accordingly, if the distance between the fuel supports is 1 meter, then the thickness of the sharpening board must be at least 5 cm. In the case of a smaller thickness, the steps will fade under the weight of an adult. For the approaches, the thickness of the board does not play a special role, as they actually do not carry loads. As a rule, an incision board is taken for the risers (2.5 cm width).

Fastening wooden steps to the tutor

Variants of the base device for the porch may be several: metal boosters, concrete base, a string of wood. The last option is the most common due to the simplicity of your device. It is possible to make a wooden theater from the bar, or, in the case of a small length of the span, from the board with a thickness of 5 cm and a width of 18 cm, supplied on the edge. One edge of the instrument is attached to the foundation of the base, and the other - relies on the porch.

There may also be several ways to fasten the steps to a wooden riga:

• curvage steps
• laying steps
• steel Corner Mount
• with a support for wooden bars

Mortise and fixing methods of fasteners provide a device in a gesture of special grooves in which the steps are inserted. Fastening on steel corners is simpler - for this it is worth only to attach to the inner surface the rigging from the steel of steel corners, for which the steps are based on. In a similar way, they are attached to wooden bars, but this method is less reliable and less durable.

As you can see, build a comfortable porch with wooden steps with your own hands is not so difficult as it may seem at first sight. The most important thing here is to correctly make calculations so that your porch responds to all construction standards. The video shows the main stages of the device of a wooden porch.

Special attention requires the arrangement of the stairs at the entrance to the house. This is due primarily to the high operational load on it. In addition, the staircase on the porch of the tree can emphasize or spoil the overall exterior of the porch.

The article discusses answers to questions related to the selection of form, color and material of the staircase so that it harmonized well with the porch, and how to build it yourself.

Compared to other materials used for the manufacture of stairs for the porch, the tree is a natural material that remains environmentally friendly after treatment.

The main advantages and disadvantages of such designs can be seen in the table:

Benefits	disadvantages
Easy to mechanically process; Low weight, which makes it easier to transport materials; Originality and decorative designations of the designs; The design capabilities of the wooden staircase are limited only by the fantasy and the material means of the owner.	The price of the material is high enough; After a long use, the stairs are darker, which is reflected in the appearance of the entire structure; The staircase on the wood porch is strongly susceptible to rotting; By strength, metal and concrete is significantly inferior; Balaasins and railing, over time, will be loosened, and their repair will not always be easy.

Tip: If you wish, make the porch in your home original, you should choose a tree. And some of the disadvantages of wood can be excluded, correctly picking the tree of wood.

Selection of wood breed

Any designs operated on the street are usually made of pine or larch. At the same time, they have some distinctive features.

Pine:

• It is often necessary to handle protective composition from rotting;
• It has a density lower than larch;
• Material is easier to handle;
• The cost of the material is below;
• You can buy almost anywhere in the planet.

Features of larch:

• Large wood density;
• High resistance to rotting, which make it popular among materials for the manufacture of porches and stairs;
• Big value;
• Inaccessible to the wide mass of the consumer. In many regions, it does not grow. And purchasing goods, brought from afar, increase the cost of transporting the material, which still significantly increases the price of the structure.

What material will be made by a wooden staircase on the porch with their own hands, each decides himself. Pine is suitable for the economical budget, and if finance allows - it is better to choose a larch. In this case, the wooden staircase on the porch will last for a very long time.

Development of drawing

Before making a staircase from a tree on a porch, you need to carefully carry out all the calculations and make a drawing.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account such design parameters as:

• Height product. To obtain it, the distance from the ground is measured to the top of the porch platform, or until the height of the doorway for the doors, in the event of the construction of the input staircase to the house. In the latter case, when calculating, you need to make an indentation from the doorway for the door to the top steps. This is due to the fact that under the influence of moisture, the tree swells and can, with time, block the passage;
• The angle of inclination of the stairs. After measuring the height of the stairs, its optimal bias is calculated. It should be borne in mind that a very cool staircase will be inconvenient to use, and a very common area occupies a large space in the yard. The slope of the staircase can be adjusted, extending or shortening the length of the staircase march;
• The length of the ladder or cowra. ATTA is an element with special grooves, which serves to fasten the steps, and Kosouris - carrying construction for a staircase march, which is a beam with a grade placed on it to install the steps.

In a street version, a wooden staircase uses only one of these two options. At the same time, their calculations are identical. The length of the Kourow directly depends on the angle of inclination of the stair march, which can vary in the range from 27º to 45º.

Tip: Do not make the staircase too steep, or canopy, the length of which is 5 meters.

The length of the rower is calculated by the formula C \u003d A / SIN (α), where:

• a - the height of the stairs;
• c - the length of the Kourow;
• α - the angle of inclination of the staircase march.

Knowing the angle of inclination of the march, you can determine the distance to the first step from the porch, using the formula:

• a - the height of the stairs;
• the required distance to the first step from the porch;
• c - the length of the Kourow.

So:

• Width of stair march. This value is usually 900 mm and more in order to freely fit on the stairs at least 1 person. If there is free space and sufficient funds, the width is better to choose a big one, which will allow you immediately to climb the stairs conveniently and comfortably.
• Number of steps and their size. To determine the number of steps for the entire design, it is necessary to: choose the quantity of the sticky, usually it is 250 - 320 mm, and divided it into the distance between the base of the stairs and the porch. So, if this distance is 1.5 meters, and the size of the sticking is 300 mm, it will take 5 steps. The height of the riser is taken within 150 - 200 mm.

The height of the steps, and the depth is calculated. These indicators determine how convenient will the wooden staircase be with their own hands on the porch during operation. The height of the steps and their depth is influenced by the total number of elements, and on the slope of the stairs.

From the table you can see the dependence of the parameters of the steps from the angle of inclination of the stairs:

The angle of inclination of the stairs, in degrees	Step width, in cm	Height steps, in cm	Property coefficient
30,5	29	17	1,7
32	28	17,5	1,6
33,5	27	18	1,5
36,5	26	19	1,36
41	23	20	1,15
45	21	21	1

• Calculation of the dimensions of the steps. The depth of the stage should be such that the feet of the leg is put on it completely, not hanging. Excessive height of the step makes the rise quite uncomfortable, especially children and older family members.

According to SNU, the most convenient dimensions for lifting and descent on the ladder from the tree are: depth - at least 300 mm; 150 - 180 mm high.

The instructions for calculating the dimensions of the steps is as follows:

1. The entire calculation begins with the determination of the height of the porch, or the distance between the threshold and the level of soil. For example: with a height of 0.5 meters, so that the staircase is a convenient slope, the march length should be at least one meter. In this case, the slope or the ratio of the march length to its height will be 1: 2, or 45º.
2. According to the standp standards, the minimum depth of 300 mm is accepted.
3. Based on this, it turns out that when you fly a length in one meter, it will fit only 3 steps, each depth of 330 mm, which corresponds to the construction standards.
4. Compliance with these regulations is checked. For this, the height of the stairs - 0.5 m is divided into the number of steps. It turns out the height of the steps 50/3 \u003d 16.5 cm.

After receiving and checking all the calculations, the dimensions are transferred to the drawing or sketch.

The photo presents some designs of wooden stairs:

Preparation for the installation of the stairs

Several simple steps allow you to make a wooden staircase much more reliable.

To mount the design on the porch you will need to purchase:

• Bruks and boards are the main materials of the product;
• Hacksaw for handling parts;
• Screwdriver;
• Self-tapping screw;
• Building level;
• Components for the manufacture of cement mortar;
• Crushed stone or large stones;
• Sandpaper;
• Protective equipment from fungus;
• Varnish or paint.

Before making a wooden staircase for the porch, it is necessary to lay a separate base for it. In places, pairing wooden parts with soil, three-layer isolation is made: sand, rubbank, cement mortar.

Under the beams for support, the railings are put on the stones. It protects the tree from rotting, will not allow the design to seek under their own weight.

• Billets for the manufacture of steps and risers of a rectangular shape;
• Segments of balasine bars and fences;
• Boosters are manufactured. To do this, markup is made using cardboard, plywood or organite lecturers;
• All wooden blanks are processed by protective compositions;
• Tools and materials are located in an affordable, convenient location.

The installation order of the stairs

Before proceeding with the installation of the design, it is better to view the video in this article.

When building the whole design, it is worth adhere to such recommendations:

• Installation start from mounting a cosome. They are attached to the upper part of the porch area, on the segment of the bar, which can additionally be enhanced by metal corners. At the same time, one side of the bar will lay down to the flooring floor, and the other to the Kosouro;

Tip: To increase the reliability of the design, the installation of the cosomers should be combined with the design of the ladder. In this case, the lower part of the cosomes is connected to the first riser, the flattering of the design is checked, the remaining parts are applied, and the cement mortar is fixed.

• When installing steps and risers, it is impossible to use nails. This will lead to the rapid loosening of the wooden staircase. You need to use the screws, and it is better to fasten the elements by the type "Schip-groove", but it will be more difficult. The easiest is the first step to install from above the bottom riser, and the next risers - to be peaked on it;
• If this is a simple staircase for a tree porch with your own hands on the terrace, at this stage you can install and finish, and in the manufacture of the porch after installing the steps you need to move to the installation of the canopy and rail. Support racks for them for reliability can be fixed in places of their adjacent to Kosomers;
• The weak construction site is the mounting rail. They should be strengthened by compounds on self-drawing, and all the joints of the parts additionally sneak.

Finishing staircase

After the installation of the stairs to the porch, all the details are carefully polished, and finish treatment is made - painting design.

Tip: When painting, pine wood should be borne in mind that the resin in the array is impregnated unevenly. Before painting the product, it is necessary to remove excess resin using a solvent.

For processing wooden design uses:

• Impregnations;
• Enamel;
• Varnishes;
• Paints.

When choosing a paintwork, it is necessary to take into account the type of wood, and the shade of selecting, close as possible to natural color. After choosing a kolacher, it is necessary to determine the type of paint, given that the pigmented mixtures are capable of hiding defects well and applied only on sharp-absorbing sites. But they hide the naturalness of wood.

We briefly told what street stairs on the terrace, porch, attic or attic, are most convenient and frequently used. What kind of design to choose is to solve you. The main thing is that the staircase for the wooden porch is correctly calculated and accurately completed, which will guarantee both safety and usability.

It is possible from a different building material. If we talk for strength, then concrete is an excellent material that, subject to the correct technology, will serve not one dozen years. Moreover, you can make such a structure with your own hands. About how to make a concrete ring will be discussed in this article.

It can be said that the porch is the owner's business card. Therefore, it is necessary to approach his construction with full responsibility. You can make a porch both at the stage of building a house and after its completion. The main thing that affects the quality of the porch, compliance with technology. Otherwise, sooner or later it can start deforming or cracking. And just as to prevent this, consider in this article details of the technology.

Concrete construction has a number of advantages, here are some of them:

• Unlike other materials, the porch of concrete has a long service life.
• Concrete does not rot, it is not subject to corrosion and after time it does not lose its physical characteristics.
• To increase strength, fittings are installed in the body of concrete.
• Under the influence of ultraviolet rays, such a porch will not deteriorate.
• The ability to build a porch of the most different form. Borders and rules do not exist here. Therefore, everyone can connect their imagination.
• For the manufacture of a concrete porch, everyone has accessible building material - sand, cement, crushed stone and water.
• Unlike wooden design, concrete is not subject to fire.
• Such a porch can be treated with tiles, natural stones, etc. As a result, you can get a beautiful appearance.

As can be seen, there are many positive sides of the material used for the house entry. Now is the time to consider possible forms and decoration of the porch with steps from concrete.

Concrete porch can be made such forms:

• round
• trapezoidal;
• rectangular;
• square.

Selecting one or another form directly depends on the size and type of construction.

As for the structural features of the porch, there are such types:

• closed;
• open;
• verando-shaped.

Also, the porch is necessarily installed railing, making the entire design not only safe, but also make an appearance aesthetic and finished.

As for the finishing finish, much depends on their own desire, as well as on the particular structure of the building. Your financial capabilities also play a considerable role. Having done all the calculations and manufacturing design, you can proceed to work.

The first thing to make a project of the structure on which the shape of the porch will be accurately indicated. An important role is played by the size / number of steps. The steps should be convenient to become people of different ages.

The staircase to the porch should not be narrow. Otherwise, inconvenience will be created at intensive walking.

So, planning the manufacture of the porch, you should consider several important factors that are below:

• The staircase should have a width of at least 0.85 m. This will allow you to move freely. Of course, if the area allows, make a larger ladder.
• The angle of inclination of the stairs must have a maximum indicator of 5 °. If the slope is large, the descent will be too cool, which means unsafe.
• Preferably preferred the odd number of steps.
• One step must have no more than 180 mm.
• Out of one step over another is allowed more than 30 mm.
• Between the door and the top platform, the differential should be no more than 50 mm.
• The size of the site should be sufficient to freely opened the door.

You can make a porch with two methods:

1. Buy ready concrete.
2. Prepare a concrete mix yourself.

If we talk for the first option, this is the easiest method, but costly. Such concrete has some advantages. For example, there is no air in it, the mass is delivered homogeneous, after frozen the concrete has high characteristics. But if we talk for the cost, then it is much higher than the cost of the cooked concrete.

Concrete mixer can be used to prepare concrete. In this case, the quality of the mixture will be at all worse than imported. For the manufacture of concrete, it is recommended to use cement M400. In addition, you need to worry about the presence of the following materials and tools:

• cement M400;
• sand;
• crushed stone;
• armature Ø65 mm.
• wire for ligament of valves;
• formwork boards;
• bars;
• ruberoid;
• nails.

As for the instrument, then the next set will be required:

• bulgarian;
• perforator;
• manual vibrator;
• concrete mixer;
• shovel;
• capacity for kneading;
• bucket;
• a hammer;
• roulette;
• building level;
• rule.

After preparing everything you need, you can proceed to the beginning of work.

Starting to make a porch, it is worth remembering about 3 important rules:

1. The height of the porch must correspond to the height of the foundation of the house.
2. Making mutual reinforcement, making a porch part of the foundation at home.
3. Make high-quality waterproofing.

Having a finished project, you can make the approximate flow rate of building materials in advance. For example, knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation, you can determine the desired volume of the concrete mix. To determine the area, such measurements must be made: multiply the width, height and length of the future design. This also applies to the stairs.

• So, first of all, it is necessary to dig up the foundation for the porch. The depth of the foundation should be equal to the depth of the foundation of the building. On the bottom of the trench is laid out a layer of sandy pillow. It needs to be good. For this, after the backfill, we slightly wet it with water and the trambuet with the appropriate equipment.
• The next step is the manufacture of formwork. In the process of structures, be sure to follow the level of the whole design. To do this, you can use the construction level. Also, the formwork should be well fixed. Otherwise, under the pressure of concrete, it can crumble.
• When the formwork is ready, you can make reinforcement. Between itself, the reinforcement is associated with wire. Directly in the place of the foundation of the house, make holes and score fittings. This will allow to carry out a construction with a house. Performing reinforcement, the step between the wire should be 10 cm.

After completing all the preparatory work, you can start concreting.

To the foundation apply waterproofing, for example, rubberoid. Pouring concrete, use the vibrator. If there is no such equipment, you can simply take a rail and penetrate the bold concrete with active movements up / down. This will allow all air bubbles from the body of concrete.

In parallel with this process, it is necessary to build the steps for the porch. There are also some subtleties here:

• Camping up and sticking, set a straight corner.
• For the formwork, it is necessary to install rigidity ribs.
• The bias of coming should be equal in the area of \u200b\u200b6 mm. This will allow water to quickly drain from the surface.
• At the bottom of the formwork necessarily laid a layer of waterproofing.

If the steps will have round forms, then for formwork, you will need to use a fane, 30 mm thick.

Steps also need to be reinforced. Armature is also connected to the foundation of the porch or at home. This will prevent the appearance of cracks due to a building shrinkage. Finally, it remains to fill the concrete on the steps and the porch. The platform must be aligned with the rule.

Check the smoothness of the porch and steps several times. This will save in the future material for their finishing.

When concrete is dry, it is possible to dismantle the formwork. It must be done neat. After that, it's time for the final finish. To do this, you can use all kinds of building materials, for example:

• fake diamond;
• a natural stone;
• porcelain stoneware;
• clinker tile.

The final selection is completely dependent on your preference. You can also choose the color of the finish, which will fully match the exterior of the facade of the house. Accordingly, the material installation of material depends on the selection of the finishing material.

This is the principle of installing a porch of concrete. If you have your own experience, then share it, leaving comments at the end of this article.

Video

In the provided video material, it is described in more detail about the manufacture of a concrete porch:

Schemes

In the schemes, you can find quite a few ideas and examples of how to build a companion porch of concrete:

How best to make a step for the porch, what materials choose for a country house, how to calculate the number of tiles will tell this article.

We do not give full technology kneading concrete and installing formwork, but provide general information necessary for everyone who is going to beautiful steps to please themselves and their guests.

How to calculate the number and height of steps

When designing a ladder leading to the house, the most important factor is comfort. Based on numerous experiments and practical studies, a formula reflects the ratio of length and height. The dimensions of the stages of the porch in the optimal case are as follows:

• disposal in the range from 25 to 30 cm;
• the risers are not higher than 20 cm. Below 14 cm is not recommended due to discomfort when moving.

Calculation of stairs

The width of the stairs is the next important criterion. Comfortable movement is possible with a width of at least 1 meter. A narrower staircase will not allow making furniture, to rise at the same time. Construction standards allow the narrowing of the staircase to 60 cm for attic stairs. From the roof or canopy to commemorated - at least 2 meters. This will allow even the highest person to descend or climb, without tilting his head.

Important moments in design and construction

We will analyze the highlights, important for those who want to build the steps for the porch with their own hands:

• for a log house, houses built out of logs, sticking out of wood. Brick or iron will look ridiculous;
• the stone staircase assumes the presence of a foundation. It is advisable to fill it simultaneously with the foundation of the main building. Otherwise, there are inevitable throughouts, seractions, cracks and repairs, if you do not comply with the technology;
• metal is not the best material for the porch of the private house. In winter, it will inevitably have to solve questions with icing. Metal steps are expedient if there is a roof that does not pass water or snow. Otherwise, constant tinction and anti-corrosion treatment are required to avoid the appearance of rust;
• tree - unreliable material. Wood absorbs water well, swells. Retaining piles are better made of bricks to avoid premature disaggregation. If you want to perform steps on the porch of wood, take care of processing from rodents, insects, rotting, burning. The boards are originally dried well. Then, during operation, a resin, destroying the outer paint and varnish coating;
• width. If the door opens into the street, the site width exceeds the width of the door canvase. In the optimal version, the staircase leads to an intermediate veranda where you can put bags, shoes and other things;
• if the steps of more than 4, there is no roof or a visor that protects against precipitation, snow, be sure to decay the railing height of 90 cm. In winter, it will help to avoid dropments and injuries. In addition, older people and children can live in the house. It is difficult for them to overcome such obstacles without support;
• the tile is better not to use as a facing element. Do not want to give up this way of registration? Does it fit in the general design decision of the building? Choose a tile with a corrugated surface. The reason is icing under the layer of water or snow;
• steps must have the same height. The exception is made for the first and last. Otherwise, moving on such a staircase becomes unsafe, the rhythm of walk is disturbed.

Types of materials for the construction of the porch

Tree in most cases is used in the construction of country and country houses. Among the advantages of wood, we highlight:

• installation does not require special knowledge and experience. All steps are placed on one Kourow, if intermediate sites are not planned;
• if the climate in the region does not differ in a large amount of precipitation, a strongly fortified pile or screw foundation is not required. Soil waters close to the ground level? It is enough to form a column foundation under the support pillars;
• if there are minimal wood thread experience, the Master will create a real work of art.

The simplest stickies are saws in half a timber. Parts are attached to each other, taking into account safety and comfortable movement. More complex options involve the combination of a stone or iron basis and wooden coming.

In order not to face one year or two with cracks, asking the boards, choose oak, ash, beech or maple. Kosomers are made of cheaper wood, for example, pines. It is unacceptable for any defects: bitch, chips.

Concrete steps

Concrete is the optimal option for a high-quality porch. One part of the cement (not lower than M400) is mixed with two sand parts and two parts of rubble. The mixture is not too liquid. Additional fortress gives reinforced frame. The main requirement is metal parts, fittings do not go to the surface. Otherwise, the formation of rust and the destruction of the structure is inevitably. Under compliance with the fill technology there will be no fungus or mold.

Concrete stickies are not destroyed under the influence of precipitation, withstand heavy loads and weight. There is no risk that disposal will break or get through the simultaneous movement of several people. As a facing material, a tile, natural stone or stone crumb is used.

Composite wood plates

Want to make a step for a porch with your own trees, but do not want to solve problems with flame retardant, rotting or bugs? Pay attention to composite-wood plates with the addition of polymers.

Among the benefits of the material:

• strength, resistance to mechanical effects;
• the form is any, taking into account the landscape, the designer solution of the whole building;
• installation can be performed independently, not attracting a hired brigade;
• no additional processing from rust or rotting is not required.

Project preparation

Plan or project - the key to successful construction. Ideally, the porch is designed simultaneously with the building. If the door is worn on the site of the window or not scheduled initially, decide on the following moments:

• Dimensions. They depend on whether you only need to climb the door, or you plan to additionally put the chair or the otfik.
• Number of steps. Calculations, according to the previously written.
• Desired material.
• The presence of a roof, visor, railings, the need to install additional supports.

Required tools

Construction of a concrete or stone porch involves the presence of the following tools:

• concrete mixer or trough for mixing cement with sand and rubble;
• perfederator or vibrator, drill, Bulgarian;
• saw or hacksaw, boards for formwork;
• shovels;
• level.

To work with sawn timber:

• self-tapping screws, nails, anchor bolts for fastening to the capital wall of the house;
• saw: manual, benzo- or electric;
• hammers, screwdrivers depending on the selected fasteners.

Foundation options

As already emphasized earlier, the design of the porch is necessary simultaneously with the whole building. In this case, it will be called the built-in. A attached design is called attached. In the simplest version, the foundation is not done at all. In front of the entrance door, a small platform is placed, resting on the columns from asbetic pipes, bricks, foam blocks or other durable material. In most cases, an attached foundation is used. We will pay more attention to him due to the increased complexity of the work.

Depending on the type of soil on the site, the presence of sludge, the depth of the frozen and groundwater in the region, the base, column, pile or monolithic is selected. The trench is 20-30 cm deeper than the earth freezes in winter. You can check this indicator on a special freezing map in local architectural control. If you do not comply with this requirement, the soil swelling will lead to the pile to the surface. A pretty concrete foundation is not fastened to mainly in order to avoid cracks and deformation of the main building.

Build wooden porch

To the installation of the cosomov, Mauerlat is started after the foundation is completely frozen. It is necessarily packeroid or other waterproofing material. Next, the anchor bolts are attached to Mauerlat, retaining pillars and boosters, if it comes to a wooden version. The assembly is underway. At the final stage, all the wooden elements are grouped, covered first by the mourn, then varnish or paint.

Similarly, stairs are installed in the same way. The whole design can be collected in advance, then it is enough to attach to the foundation and wall of the house.

Installation of concrete steps

The important advantage of a concrete or stone version is the ability to "play" with the form. The porch is not only a standard square or rectangular. Prefer the rounded option or arbitrary shape with built-in flower beds or with the transition to the veranda. It all depends on the imagination of the owner of the house and the landscape decision.

After filling and rejection of the foundation, it is embarked on the installation of formwork from plywood or edged wood. The main task of formwork is the formation of the appearance, retention of the cement-sand mixture from spreading. Additionally, the ribs are installed, separating the steps from each other. Simultaneously with the formwork, the reinforcement mesh is laid with a cell diameter of 10x10 cm.

At the end of all preparatory work, they go to the pouring of concrete. Important: Each stage is performed without a break so that there is no distortion. Initially, the lowest level is flooded. The mixture after laying in the formwork is thoroughly smoking and tamped.

Opal

The formwork is removed in 7-8 days. Prior to the complete pouring of the solution on the steps leading to the house, it is better not to occur at all in order to avoid deformation. Facing is started after removing the formwork.

In a semicircular form, the outer edge is made up with halves of bricks, paving tiles or porcelain stoneware. Gaps between bricks do not exceed 1 cm. In the perfect version there are not at all. Next, the standard fill of concrete is performed.

What porch preferences: wooden, stone, concrete - to solve you. We only tried to tell about the most important points that affect the choice of material, about the nuances of construction and exploitation, how to make the steps to the house do it yourself. And let your home be the only and unique!

Video lesson: how to build steps for the porch