The three-layer outdoor wall panels KROHN are a modern material that is widely in demand in Moscow and other regions of Russia both in its own construction and the reconstruction of buildings.

Thanks to the use of these sandwich panels, an energy-efficient wall design is obtained with a high-quality carrier element made in factory conditions. This material does not require additional finishes, so it can be used for the construction of different types of premises.

When is the use of three-layer outdoor wall panels justified?

Since the installation of three-layer outdoor wall panels is carried out very quickly, it is possible to use this material to build small buildings in the private farm. Today, the Krohn panels build garages for personal cars, economic blocks, enclosing structures, etc.

The technical characteristics of the sandwich panels allow you to apply them for the construction of car washes, hangars, warehouses, supermarkets. At the same time, the main feature of this process will be the high efficiency of the work, the practicality of the finished walls (easily wash, do not require painting, etc.) and reliable thermal insulation.

Construction of sound-proof Sandwich panels Krohn

The expansion of the infrastructure of the motorways nominates special requirements for civilian construction. The materials used should provide high-quality sound insulation of the premises. With this task, the three-layer KROHN panel easily copes. The walls constructed from our "sandwiches" effectively suppress noise (insulation index from 35 dB per 50 mm panel).

Taking into account all operational (heat and sound insulation) indicators of the material today, construction of refrigeration and freezer cameras, facilities of food industry, catering, agricultural structures, administrative buildings, etc. Thanks to the three-layer outdoor wall panels, energy consumption is sharply reduced at objects and, as a result, heating costs are falling.

SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS KROHN PIR Sandwich Panels:

Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Interstate

STANDARD

Three-layer wallpapers are reinforced concrete panels with efficient

Insulation

General technical conditions

Official edition

Ritinform Stand 2016.

Preface

Objectives, basic principles and the main procedure for the work on interstate metabolism "of the dartization is established by GOST 1.0-92" Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions "and GOST 1.2-2009" Interstate standardization system. Standards interstate. Rules and recommendations on interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, applications, updates and cancellations »

Information about standard

1 Developed by a joint-stock company "TsNIIEP Housing - Institute of Complex Design of Residential and Public Buildings" (JSC "TsNIIEP Housing")

2 8 Technical Committee on Standardization of TC 465 "Construction"

3 Adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol of December 10, 2015 No. 48)

4 by the order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of March 17, 2016 No. 166-stage Interstate Standard GOST 31310-2015 was introduced as a national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2017.

5 83Aname 31310-2005

Information on the changes to this standard is published in the annual information indicator "National Mountains". And the text of the amendments and amendments are a consistent information indicate "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancels of this standard, the appropriate notification will be published in a monthly information indicator * National Standards. " Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the information system of public use-informal website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standinform. 2016.

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

Interstate standard

Three-layer wall panels reinforced concrete with efficient insulation

General technical conditions

Well Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Panels with Enerqy-Efflent Insulation. General Specifications.

Date of administration - 2017-01-01

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard establishes classification, types, the main parameters of three-layer wall panels, general technical requirements for them. General rules for their acceptance, control methods, transportation and storage rules.

This standard applies to three-layer concrete and reinforced concrete panels with efficient insulation (hereinafter referred to as panels) intended for external walls of residential, public and industrial buildings.

The requirements of this Standard do not apply:

On the composite panels;

Panels of walls of rooms with wet regime:

Filling window and doorways in the panels.

Panels intended for operation in the impact of the aggressive environment should meet the requirements of this standard and additional instructions of the project documentation. established taking into account the existing regulatory documents and technical documentation *.

The requirements of this standard should be taken into account when developing regulatory documents and working documentation in the panel of specific types.

2 Regulatory references

This standard uses regulatory references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 475-78 Wooden doors. General technical conditions

GOST 5781-82 Hot-rolled steel for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions

GOST 5802-86 Construction solutions. Test methods

GOST 6727-80 Low carbon wire is cold-trailed for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions

GOST 7076-99 Materials and construction products. Method for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance with stationary thermal mode

GOST 8829-94 Construction concrete products and concrete factory manufacturers. Test methods for loading. Rules for assessing strength, rigidity and crack resistance

GOST 9573-2012 Mineral wool plates on a synthetic binder heat-insulating. Technical conditions

* 8 of the Russian Federation operates S0.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 TWLP protection of buildings."

Official edition

GOST 10060-2012 Concretes. Methods for determining frost resistance

GOST 10180-2012 Concretes. Methods for determining the strength of control samples

GOST 10181-2014 Mixtures concrete. Test methods

GOST 10499-95 Products heat-insulating from glass staple fiber. Technical conditions

GOST 10884-94 Steel reinforcement thermomechanically hardened for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions

GOST 10922-2012 reinforcement and mortgage products, their welded, knitted and mechanical connections for reinforced concrete structures. General technical conditions

GOST 11214-2003 Wooden window blocks with leaf glazing. Specifications GOST 12730.1-78 concrete. Methods for determining the density of GOST 12730.2-78 concrete. Method for determining humidity GOST 12730.5-84 concrete. Methods for determining waterproof GOST 13015-2012 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules of acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 15588-2014 Plates of polystyrene foam thermal insulation. Specifications GOST 16381-77 Materials and products Construction thermal insulation. Classification and general technical requirements

GOST 17177-94 Materials and products building heat-insulating. Test methods GOST 17623-87 concrete. Radioisotope method for determining the average density of GOST 17624-2012 concrete. Ultrasonic Method for determining the strength of GOST 18105-2010 Concretes. Rules of control and assessment of the strength of GOST 21519-2003 Blocks of window aluminum alloys. Specifications GOST 21718-84 Building materials. Diellic method of measuring humidity GOST 21779-82 system to ensure the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances

GOST 21780-2006 The system to ensure the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Calculation of accuracy

GOST 22690-88 concrete. Determining the strength of mechanical methods of neraerous control

GOST 22950-95 Plates mineral wool increased rigidity on the synthetic binder. Technical conditions

GOST 23009-2015 Construction and products concrete and reinforced concrete teams. Legend (stamps)

GOST 23166-1999 Window blocks. General technical conditions

GOST 23279-2012 Mesh reinforcement welded for reinforced concrete structures and products. General technical conditions

GOST 23858-79 Compounds welded butt and brand fittings of reinforced concrete structures. Ultrasound quality control methods. Rules acceptance

GOST 24700-99 Blocks of window wooden with double-glazed windows. Specifications GOST 25097-2002 Blocks Window wooduminous. Specifications GOST 25820-2014 Lung concretes. Technical conditions

GOST 26433.1-89 The system for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Terms of measurement rules. Elements of factory manufacture

GOST 26633-2012 Heavy and fine-grained concretes. Specifications GOST 27005-2014 Lightweight and cellular concrete. The rules for monitoring the average density of GOST 28013-98 are the solutions of construction. General technical conditions

GOST 28089-2012 Construction wall structures. Method for determining the adhesion strength of facing tiles with base

GOST 28984-2011 Modular coordination of sizes in construction. Basic provisions GOST 30244-94 Building materials. Methods for combustibility tests GOST 30674-99 Blocks Window from polyvinyl chloride profiles. Specifications GOST 30971-2012 Seams mounting knots adjacent window blocks to wall openings. General technical conditions

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the action of reference Sverdvrt in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or on the annual information indicator "National Standards", which is published as of January 1 of the current year, And according to the release of the monthly information pointer "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard should be guided by replacing (modified) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, the position in which the link is not given is applied in a portion that does not affect this link.

3 Terms and Definitions

this standard applies the following terms with the corresponding definitions:

3.1 Outdoor wall three-layer panel: a solid planar construction product consisting of three main layers - an external, internal and heat-insulating, the integrity of the design of which is created during the molding process.

3.2 Basic panel layers: External and internal concrete or reinforced concrete layers and an average thermal insulation layer. The main layers do not include: an external decorative or protective-decorative layer, an inner finishing layer and layers of rolled or film materials.

3.3 Solid panel: Panel without emptiness and air suction.

3.4 Thermal insulation layer: one of the main layers of three-layer panels intended for the implementation of heat-insulating functions: consists of effective thermal insulation materials. The thermal insulation layer may consist of several layers of thermal insulation products and materials of one or different species.

3.5 Flexible communications: Communication of corrosion-resistant steel or other corrosion-resistant material between the outer and internal concrete or reinforced concrete layers of the panel, ensuring their joint operation in the outer wall panel.

Flexible ties, depending on the purpose and the design scheme of static work, are divided into suspension, struts and saws.

3.5.1 Suspension: Flexible bonds intended to transmit vertical loads from the mass of the outer concrete layer and insulation to the inner reinforced layer of the panel: the number of suspension is determined by the calculation.

3.5.2 Speakers: Γ ibiy bonds intended to fix the mutual position of reinforced concrete layers and layers of thermal insulation and perception of compressive and stretching efforts from wind and other effects directed perpendicular to the front surface of the wall.

3.5.3 Pitch: Flexible bonds intended to prevent mutual displacements of the layers of the panel horizontally in the wall plane from the efforts arising during loading and unloading work, transportation and installation.

3.6 Hard connections: Reinforced concrete lintels (keys) or ribs in three-layer panels located in a layer of insulation and combining outer and internal concrete or reinforced concrete layers.

3.7 Carrier panel: panel that perceives the vertical load from its own weight and resting on it other structures (overlaps, roofs, etc.) and transmitting this load on the foundation.

3.8 Nonsense panel: The panel not intended for the construction of the building structures on it.

3.9 Fostable carrier panel: a type of carrier panel, which perceives and sends a load on the transverse construction of the building from its own weight and overlapping on it.

3.10 Self-supporting panel: The panel that perceives the vertical load only on its own weight and weight of the overlying outer panels and the transmitting load on the foundation.

3.11 Concrete panel: The panel, the strength of which under operation is provided by the concrete of the outer and inner layers. 8 of both layers, the concrete panel has constructive valves and calculated reinforcement intended for the perception of efforts arising in the manufacture. Transportation and installation.

3.12 Reinforced concrete panel: The panel, the strength of which under operation is ensured by joint work of concrete and reinforcement.

Note The reinforced concrete panel has a calculated working reinforcement, as a rule. In the carrier inner layer, and structural reinforcement - in a non-vacant outer layer, and may also have a calculated fittings designed to perceive the efforts arising in the manufacture, transportation and installation.

3.13 External Protective Decorative Layer: A layer that is not the main one, located with the front side of the panel and intended to protect the main layers from external climatic influences or reduce the intensity of these effects, as well as for performing decorative functions.

Note - External Protective Decorative Panel Layers may consist of the following layers: layers of solution or concrete, cladding layer with tiles or sheet articles, finishing coating (for example. Paints), hydrophobic coating or layers from other materials and products performing protective and decorative functions .

3.14 Ventilated Screen: The outer protective-decorative layer in the form of a screen located at a distance of the ventilated gap (air layer) from the outer layer of the panel.

3.15 Outdoor decorative layer: a layer that is not the main one, located on the front side of the panel and intended for the execution of decorative functions.

Note - The outer decorative panel layer consists of a finishing coating (for example, water-free polymer-cement. Lime-based polymer compositions and paints) applied to one or two layers, or cladding that do not perform protective functions.

3.16 The inner finishing layer: a layer that is not the main one, located on the inside (addressed E room) of the panel and the basis of the base on which the subsequent wall decoration is made.

Note - The inner finishing layer of the panel consists of one or more layers: a layer of solution (for example, cement or cement-lime on porous or dense sand), finishing coating, etc.

4 Classification

4.1 The panels are classified according to the following basic signs that determine their types:

Appointment in the building:

panels of walls aboveground floors.

panel of walls of the basement floor or technical underground, wall panels attic or parapet;

Static work scheme: carriers.

undesome.

the varieties of carrier panels are substantive bearing and self-supporting;

Constructive solution;

Type of connecting links:

with flexible bonds of corrosion-resistant steel or other corrosion-resistant material, with rigid reinforced concrete bonds (knaps or ribs);

Cutting the walls on the items:

single-order (floor) cuts (carriers, floor-carrier, self-supporting), strip horizontal cutting (nonsense), strip vertical cutting (undesisual).

4.2 Constructive panel solutions are determined by parameters taken when designing. reflecting architectural, technological and design features of panels, including those indicated A 5.2.10.

4.3 When using a single-row cutting of the panel walls, divided into ordinary and angular - deaf and with openings.

When using horizontal strip cuts, the panel walls are divided into strip and interconnect (common) - ordinary and angular.

When using the vertical strip cutting of the walls, the panel is divided into strip - ordinary and angular, as well as submaps.

5 panel types, basic parameters

5.1 Types of panels and symbols

5.1.1 Panels are divided into the following types by a combination of features related to different classification groups (see 4.1):

For overhead floors:

ZNSING - three-layer, outer wall bearing lanel with flexible connections (single-row cutting).

SNSNA - three-layer, outer wall bearing panel with rigid connections (single-row cutting),

SNSG - three-layer outdoor wall-mounted lanel with flexible connections (single-row cutting),

SNSZH - three-layer outer wall wall non-rigid panel (single-row cutting),

Zongg - three-layer outdoor wall slope panel horizontal strip section * ki with flexible connections,

ZNGZH - three-layer outer wall-mounted horizontal bandwidth panel with rigid bonds.

SNVG »Three-layer Outdoor Wall Non-Supplement Panel Vertical Strip Sling with Flexible Relations.

SNVG - three-layer outdoor stack non-rigid panel of vertical strip cuts with rigid connections:

For basement floor or technical underground:

ZNCING - three-layer outer baseboat with flexible ties (single-row cutting),

Znzzhnzh - three-layer outdoor basebanding panel with rigid bonds (single-row cutting),

ZNTSH - three-layer outer socket undesiable panel with flexible connections (single-row cutting),

ZNCZH - three-layer outer socket undesiable by pane-ductile connections (single-row cutting);

For the attic:

Znchng is a three-layer outdoor delicious bearing panel with flexible connections (Single-Argument),

SNICHNG - three-layer outdoor caustic carrier panel with rigid bonds (single-row cutting),

SNCH - three-layer outdoor adhesive undesiastic panel with flexible connections (single-row cutting),

Znchzh -TrechLelahlohlah outdoor delicious undesiable panels with rigid connections (single-row cutting),

SNCHGG - three-layer outdoor uncooked horizontal strip panel panel with flexible connections.

Znchgzh- three-layer outdoor attic horizontal bandwidth panel panel with rigid connections.

ZNCHVG - three-layer outdoor delicious vertical strip panel panels with flexible connections,

Znchvzh - three-layer outdoor cracker panel vertical strip cutting panel with rigid connections.

5.1.2 Panels should be denoted by stamps in accordance with GOST 23009. When setting designations, it is recommended to take into account the following provisions.

The panel brand consists of alphanumeric groups, separated by points.

The first group contains the designation of the type of panel and overall dimensions.

Designations of panel types (see 5.1.1) are complemented, if necessary, letter indexes, indicating the provisional use of them in the walls of buildings or other features of specific types.

The length and height of the panel indicate in decimeters (rounded to an integer), and the thickness is in centimeters.

The second group indicates, if necessary, the type of concrete and the designation of the structural features of the panel.

An example of a conditional designation (brand) of a three-layer outer wall bearing panel of a single-row cutting with flexible connections of 3000 mm long. The height of 2800 mm and a thickness of 350 mm from heavy concrete:

ZNSW 30.28.35

Note - It is allowed to take the designations of panel brands in accordance with working drawings of typical structures.

5.2 Scope of panels defining the parameter nomenclature

5.2.1 The scope of the panels is determined:

a) appointment of buildings and their liability classes;

b) the static scheme for the work of the outer walls;

c) the maximum fitness or limiting lighting of buildings;

d) the estimated vertical load on the panel;

e) the estimated wind load in the construction area;

e) the estimated seismicity of the construction area;

g) the degree of fire resistance of buildings;

and) class of structural fire danger of buildings;

k) the heat shield indicator is the maximum resistance to heat transfer;

l) the degree of aggressiveness of the air environment;

m) the temperature and humid regime of the enclosed premises.

5.2.2 To loads and impacts on the panel corresponding to the areas of their application include:

Constant loads (from their own weight and weights based on them designs of the building);

Temporary loads on overlapping and covering of the building (including snow);

Loads from hinged equipment;

Wind loads;

Temperature and climatic effects;

Seismic impacts;

Random impact - blows (external and internal), explosions:

Impacts due to deformations of the base, as well as shrinkage and creep materials;

Vibrations transmitted by the soil or technological equipment being created:

Air noise;

Solar radiation;

The effects of the aggressive environment.

5.2.3 Being elements of external fences, the panels should participate in the performance of functions in terms of collateral:

Safety of people;

Protection of premises from adverse climatic influences;

The required microclimate and acoustic comfort in the premises;

Saving energy;

Durability.

5.2.4 People Safety

5.2.4.1. SupplusionSecurity of people panels must have the following sights:

Strength, rigidity and crack resistance;

PurposeOsEedingelsames;

Fire safety;

Safety during operation, including when random impacts and emergencies occur;

Safety at seismic effects (if projected).

5.2.4.2 Strength, rigidity and crack resistance of the panel under operational effects are provided by the parameters of concrete layers (concrete class by compression strength, layer thickness, reinforcement) and are determined by the bearing capacity of panels during an off-centrular compression.

The main indicators characterizing strength, rigidity and crack resistance are:

Calculated vertical load on the top face of the panel, kN / m;

Calculated wind or seismic load. kp.

5.2.4.3 The strength of the connecting links between the outer and internal concrete layers of the panels is ensured by the material and the size of the cross section of the elements of the links, parameters and the design of their annealing part, as well as the measures provided for in the working drawings to ensure their corrosion resistance.

5.2.4.4 Fire safety is ensured by compliance with the requirements of the fire safety panel, including the required degree of fire resistance and the class of structural fire danger of the building, during the construction of which they are used. The requirements of the fire safety panels include:

Fire resistance limit, min;

Fire hazard class.

5.2.4.5 Safety during the operation of the panel characterize the following indicators:

The calculated load from the attached equipment on the internal (facing) side of the panel at the distance of the center of gravity of the cargo from the surface of the panel of 150 mm and when the methods of fastening are determined.

Calculated load from attachments on the outside of the panel at the distance of the center of gravity of the cargo from the surface of the panel 150 mm and when the methods of fastening are determined. KN:

Estimated shock load from the inside of the panel. kp;

Estimated shock load from the outside of the panel, kPa;

Estimated seismicity of the construction area, scores on the MSK-64 scale;

The class of functional fire hazard of the feen rooms.

5.2.4.6 The reliability of the panels is determined by the design of the reliability coefficients (or working conditions):

By the class of responsibility of buildings:

The strength characteristics of structural materials (concrete and reinforcement).

5.2.5 Ensuring the protection of premises from adverse climatic influences

5.2.5.1 Panels must have properties providing under the most unfavorable calculated climatic conditions:

Sufficient heat protection in winter;

Sufficient heat resistance in the summer;

Impermeability for rainwater;

Necessary resistance to air and vapor permeation.

5.2.5.2 Indicators of the panel properties specified in 5.2.5.1. are:

The reduced resistance to heat transfer. M 2 - * C / W. Taking into account the joints with overlapping and adjacent panels:

Estimated amplitude of fluctuations in the temperature of the inner surface in the summer, ° C:

Waterproof;

Resistance to air permeation. m 2 h v / kg:

Resistance to vapor permeation, m 2 h para / mg.

5.2.6 Ensuring the required microclimate, acoustic comfort

5.2.6.1 Panels must have properties providing:

Lack of high humidity in the premises:

Lack of increased air mobility in the premises;

Sleep condensate on the inner surface of the panels;

Reducing noise from external sources (including vehicles).

5.2.6.2 Indicators of the properties of the panel specified in 5.2.6.1. are:

The initial moisture content of concrete. % by weight;

Constructive ensuring the tightness of the panels during installation;

Local resistance to heat transfer, m 2 ° C / W, in places of heat engineering inhomogeneities (discharges of openings, ends, etc.);

Insulation from the air noise of the panel. DBA.

5.2.7 Ensuring energy saving

5.2.7.1 Panels must have properties that contribute to the rational spending of thermal energy on the heating of the enclosed premises during the heating period.

5.27.2 Ensuring the implementation of the requirement 5.2.7.1 is the compliance of the following panel indicators required by the required minimum values \u200b\u200bfor the current regulatory documents of the contamination of the heat protection of buildings:

The resistance of the heat-headed panel, M * in C / W;

Resistance to wamuch permeation, mg h v / kg;

Parry permeation resistance. Mg h para / mg.

5.2.8 Ensuring durability

5.2.8.1 8 panels must be preserved the properties indicated in 5.2.1-5.2.7, during the life of the operation and maintenance modes provided.

5.2.8.2 The durability of panels are:

Class of concrete for compressive strength:

The coefficient of thermal uniformity, taking into account the joints of the panel with overlapping and adjacent panels;

The estimated value of the limit displacement by the vertical of the outer layer with respect to the inner concrete layer due to temperature deformations, mm;

Brand concrete on frost resistance;

Brand concrete on waterproof;

Insulation bioscistance;

The service life of the insulation material until the limit state is reached on thermal protection properties under specified operating conditions.

5.2.9 The applicability of indicators established in 5.2.4-5.2.8 to estimate the properties of the panels is shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

Name of the indicator	Tyl P Pyatiye
The calculated load from the hinged equipment on the inner (facing) side of the panel at the distance of the center of gravity of the cargo from the surface of the PVNIPI 150 we are also caused by the methods of fastening. KN
Also. on the outside of Pvnepi. kk
Estimated shock load from the inside of the panel, kPa
Also. From the outside of the panel, the
Estimated seismicity of the construction area. MSK-64 scores
The class of functional fire danger of the feen rooms
Fire resistance limit panel, min
Fire Hazard Class Panel
The initial moisture content of concrete in the panels ", by weight
Mark concrete on frost resistance

End of Tvbpii 1.

Name of the indicator	Type of panels
Brand concrete on waterproof * "
Heaters' bioscistance
The service life of the insulation material (until the limit state is reached on heat shielding properties under specified operating conditions), years
The reduced resistance of the heat transfer panel, M 2 - ° C / W
The smallest local resistance of the heat transfer panel in the places of heat engineering inhomogeneities. m 2 's / w
The heat-resistant indicator of the panel is the calculated amplitude of the temperature fluctuations in the inner surface of the walls in the summer. 'C 2'
Resistance to air absorption. m * - h v / kg
Parry permeation resistance. m 2 h la / mg
Waterproof panels "1
Soundproofing of a panel from air noise. DBA
The calculated value of the limit displacement vertically of the outer concrete layer with respect to the inner concrete layer, mm
The calculated value of the limit displacement horizontally the outer concrete layer with respect to the inner concrete layer, mm

11 for panels made of light concrete.

21 8 cases provided for in the current standards on concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as to protect these structures from corrosion.

21 for the climatic conditions of Moscow.

Notes

1 When determining the applicability of these and tabpitsa 1 panel parameters, the adopted structures of the walls and the panels themselves and the characteristics of the materials used should be taken into account.

2 In Table 1 in the column "panel type" sign "♦" indicates the need to determine the indicator for the panel of the panel, the sign "-" - the indicator for this panel panel is not determined.

8 working documentation on the panel developed for repeated use E various conditions, the ranges of the calculated values \u200b\u200bof the indicators specified in Table 1. which can be provided with the permissible variation of the characteristics of the materials and components used.

5.2.10 In addition to the indicators shown in Table 1. Panels are characterized by:

Types of finishing of external and internal facial surfaces:

Range of overall dimensions;

Type of vertical and horizontal joints with adjacent panels;

The type of fastening towards the adjacent designs of buildings;

Parameters of the main layers;

The type of concrete of the outer and inner layers is heavy, light, etc.;

Material thermal insulation layer;

Type of connecting bonds (flexible from corrosion-resistant steel, non-metallic or rigid reinforced concrete, steel in the form of a key or ribs);

The device of vertical and horizontal firebreaks in thermal insulation

The design of horizontal and vertical joints (with an anti-rod or without an anti-tree, i.e. flat bog);

The type of joints according to the method of providing water * and air insulation of the premises (closed, drained or open);

The presence or absence of a layer of steamed.

Single-row cutting panels are also characterized by dimensions and number of window and doorways.

6 General requirements for design panels

6.1 Size Requirements

6.1.1 The coordination and structural sizes of the panels in the inland and height should be assigned in accordance with the design solutions of formwork and mounting nodes. The size of the panels in the thickness * Not in millimeters is recommended to receive multiple 10.20 or 50.

6.1.2 Limit deviations of the actual sizes of panels in the lounge, height and thickness of the following * E is installed in the project documentation on a specific building based on the accuracy calculations of geomet *-featured parameters in accordance with GOST 21780 based on data on the production and installation of these products and their work in building structures, the magnitude of technological tolerances in accordance with GOST 21779.

In the working documentation on the panel developed for repeated use in various conditions, including in working drawings that are part of the catalogs of typical structures, the limit deviations of the actual sizes from the nominal is recommended to be taken not higher than the values \u200b\u200bindicated in Table 2.

Table 2.

type of deviation	Geometric parameter and its remembered value, mm	Limit deviation
Deviation of linear RVEM *	Length and height of the panel at maximum size *
	in a series of sizes:
	< 4 000 г 8 000
	Panel thickness

6.2 Requirements for concrete layers of panels

6.2.1 Concrete Layer Thickness

6.2.1.1 The nominal thickness of the reinforced outer and internal concrete layers of the panel should be determined by the static calculation, taking into account the provision of the required bearing capacity, rigidity and crack resistance of the panels, the strength of the anchoring of flexible bonds - connecting between concrete layers and in the joints, mounting loops, strength and crack resistance of connecting between layers Reinforced concrete knaps or ribs, concrete layer thickness to reinforcement, requirements for panel interface nodes and other building designs, to attachment nodes in window panels and door blocks.

Taking into account the listed factors, the nominal thicknesses of concrete layers should be taken at least mm;

Inner layer:.

Carrier panels -120;

Non-vacant panels - 80;

Footboy panels:

From heavy concrete - 80;

From Lvgsky concrete - 100;

Outdoor layer:

From heavy concrete - 65;

From light concrete - 80.

The above nominal layers thicknesses include the nominal concrete thickness or a solution of a protective-decorative and internal finishing layers.

6.2.1.2 Specified WB.2.1.1 Nominal thicknesses of concrete layers can be increased by the perimeter of the openings or the perimeter of the panel of the formation of profiles for the installation of window or door boxes, for placing sealing, sealing, thermal insulation materials in the joints, decompression cavity and grooves for Installation of waterproof tape in open joints.

In addition, the nominal thicknesses of concrete layers can be increased in order to ensure the required minimal methods of reinforcement or elements of the anterorant of flexible connections.

the deviations of the thickness of the concrete layers are given in 7.3.2 and 7.3.3.

6.2.2 Requirements for concrete of the main layers of panels

6.2.2.1 For concrete of the main (external and internal) layers of panels, dense heavy or lightweight concretes should be applied to the mixer of the inter-rigid emptiness of the compacted mixture no more than 3%. The requirements of the panels must be placed the requirements of the strength, and for the concrete of the outer layers - also laugh, frost resistance and waterproof. For all types of concrete, the requirements for the release characteristics of the durability should be installed, and to light concrete - by humidity.

6.2.2.2 For the main layers of panels, it should be taken heavy (or fine-grained) concrete according to GOST 26633 class 615 and above or lightweight concrete according to GOST 25620 dense structure of class B15 and higher.

6.2.2.3 In the working documentation on the panel, the required structure of concrete, the type of large and small aggregates, allowed limiting size of the aggregates should be indicated. As a small aggregate for light construction concrete, GOST 2562C classes for compression strength B12.5 and above should use dense sand or a mixture of a dense and porous fishing line. It is not allowed to be used as a fine porous aggregate for light construction concrete perlite sand with an average density of less than 250 kg / m 3, as well as ash or ash-slab mixture.

6.2.2.4 The normalized vacation strength on the compression of heavy and lightweight concrete and the solution of the external protective-decorative and internal finishing layers should be installed in the design documentation for a specific building and indicate in the order for the manufacture of panels, taking into account the requirements of GOST 13015. Normable vacation strength should be at least 70% of the strength corresponding to the project class by compressive strength.

6.2.2.5 The brand of concrete and the solution of the Lo Frost resistance panels and waterproof should be installed in the working documentation on the panel for specific buildings and to take on the calculated values \u200b\u200bof the climate parameters of the construction and parameters of the humidity regime of the enclosed premises, taking into account the availability of aggressive impacts of the environment in accordance with the requirements of the current Norms extending to concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as to protect these structures from corrosion.

6.2.2.6 The brands of concrete and the solution of the frost resistance panels should be prescribed at the calculated negative outdoor temperature in the cold period from minus 5 s to minus 40 with not lower than F75 - for heavy concrete and not lower than F35 - for light concrete. At the estimated negative temperature of the outer air in the cold period above the minus 5, the brand of concrete on frost resistance is not normalized.

6.2.27 Light concrete brands of the main layers of medium density panels in a dry state, taking into account the concrete class on compressive strength based on the requirements of GOST 25820.

6.2.2.8 The coefficient of thermal conductivity of concrete of the main layers of panels, indicated in the working documentation, should be taken depending on the density of the concrete in the dry state and operating conditions of the panel in accordance with the current regulatory documents and technical documentation in the field of thermal protection of buildings.

6.2.2.9 Requirements for the indicators of the structure of light concrete panels (the volume of inter-rigid emptiness and the volume of the involved air) should be established in accordance with the requirements of GOST 25820.

6.2.3 Requirements for protective and decorative and finishing layers

6.2.3.1 Nominal thickness of the protective and decorative layer of panels should be taken at least mm:

15 - in the aboveground panels:

30 - in the base panels and technical underground panels.

The nominal value of the ventilated gap in the panels with a protective-decorative layer - the ventilated screen should be taken at least 15 mm.

6.2.3.2 Nominal thickness of the solution layer in the inner finishing layer of panels should be taken no more, mm:

15 - in the panels of walls of rooms with a dry or normal mode:

20 - in the panels of indoor walls with high humidity.

6.2.3.3 Project class of concrete and a compression strength brand for an external protective-decorative layer should be taken equal to the class of concrete of the main layer or differing from it no more than one step.

6.2.3.4 The grade of the compression strength for the internal finishing layer of the panels should be taken not higher than the brand of concrete, to which this layer is applied, and not lower than the M25 brand.

6.2.3.5 The values \u200b\u200bof the normalized vacation strength of the concrete for the outer protective-decorative and internal finishing layers must correspond to the concrete of the main layers of the panel.

The normalized vacation strength of the solution must be at least 70% of the strength at the age of 28 days.

6.3 Requirements for the heat insulating layer of panels

6.3.1 For the heat-insulating layer of panels, thermal insulation products should be used in the form of plates from polymer and mineral wool materials, as well as light concrete.

6.3.2 As a thermal insulation layer, rigid heat insulating plates from the following materials should be applied:

Polystyrene foam of brand 25 or 35 according to GOST 15588;

Mineral wool based on basalt fiber on a synthetic binder with a density of 80-160 kg / m 3 and an ethnic fiber on bitumen-mineral bond;

Mineral wool on a synthetic binder of a density of not more than 175 kg / m 3 according to GOST 9573 and GOST 22950;

Mineral wool from glass fiber on a synthetic binder density of not more than 150 kg / m 3 according to GOST 10499.

Semi-rigid thermal insulation materials are allowed to be applied only in combination with rigid. In this case, the semi-rigorous thermal insulation plates should be laid directly on the concrete layer, which is the lowest under concreting.

It is allowed to use other thermal insulation products and materials manufactured by the relevant standards and satisfying the requirements and conditions for applying the requirements of this standard, taking into account the following requirements:

The thermal conductivity coefficient of thermal insulation materials X should be no more than 0.08W / (M 2 * C);

The average nominal density is not more than 200 kg / m 3.

Notes

1 The estimated thermal conductivity of the heat-insulating layer is determined taking into account the calculated sealing of thermal insulation materials and products in the process of manufacturing panels.

2 The nominal average density of the thermal insulating layer is determined as a private mass of its mass in a dry state to the volume and compacted state. For the scarrel heat insulation, the calculation takes the total mass and the volume of the layers in the compacted state.

6.3.3 Thermal insulation and materials used for the manufacture of panels must have hygienic conclusions of sanitary and epidemiological supervision and fire safety certificate.

6.3.4 When using the DPDEYProse-insulating Summer of Breakers Line Panel Materials, it is necessary to have technical evidence issued on them as an established manner indicating the following basic characteristics:

Average density, kg / m 3;

Strength at 10% compression. MPa;

Thermal conductivity coefficient (in a dry state and calculated value), W / (m? ° С);

Weightful humidity. % by weight.

The characteristics must comply with the requirements of this Standard and GOST 16381.

6.3.5 The calculated coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the heat-insulating layer is established in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents and technical documentation * in the field of thermal protection of buildings for the calculated conditions for the operation of enclosing building structures depending on the humidity regime of the premises and moisture areas or in accordance with the test results.

6.3.

6.3.7 Thermal insulation plates are allowed to be placed in panels into one or more layers. The layout of the thermal insulation plates indicate the working documentation on the panel. Technical requirements for laying plates are given in 7.7.4 and 7.7.5.

6.3.6 Moisture and inhalation-resistant thermal insulation materials and products used in the necessary cases defined by the design of three-layer panels, the technology of their molding and thermal processing should be protected from moisture in the process of manufacturing panels. Protection methods must be specified in the working documentation on the panel.

Notes

1 The moisture consumption includes thermal insulation materials and products whose vacation moisture in the absence of moisturizing measures during the manufacturing process may exceed the permissible installed in 7.7.2 and 7.7.3.

2 The insulating materials and products, the technical characteristics of which (for example, dimensions, strength, deformity are (for example, dimensions, strength, deformation, and other) in the absence of measures to protect them from moisturizing during the manufacture of the panel may irreversibly deteriorate.

6.3.9 When choosing products and materials for the heat-insulating layer, their bioscistance and durability should be taken into account.

in order to ensure heat-protective properties of the panel, the deadline for maintaining the heat-shielding properties of products and materials of the thermal insulation layer in operational conditions should not be less than the calculated service life of the panel as a whole.

6.4 Connecting connections

6.4.1 Appointment of connecting links in three-layer panels - ensure the integrity of the panel in its manufacture, configuration, storage, transportation, installation and operation.

For these purposes, apply:

The feline connection is the form of individual rods, strips, reinforcement products of different types of corrosion-resistant steel or ordinary quality (with or without anti-corrosion coating);

Flexible ties in the form of individual rods from non-metallic alkali-resistant materials:

Discrete reinforced concrete bonds - swords or ribs:

Reinforced concrete ribs made of light concrete.

6.4.2 Non-metallic materials should be used only for flexible connections - dies and flexible ties - struts. The use of flexible connections - pendants from non-metallic materials is not allowed.

6.4.3 Placement of bonds on the body of the panel should ensure the joint operation of the outer and internal concrete layers of the panel during the operation of buildings.

6.4.4 Flexible ties should consist of two parts: a working (connecting) and anxicker.

Working elements of flexible ties should be carried out from corrosion-resistant materials.

The anterorating elements of flexible ties are located in concrete layers; To protect them from corrosion, it should be provided:

The required thickness of the protective layer of concrete (except for flexible bonds of alkali-resistant materials);

Restriction of inter-rigid emptiness and width of cracks in concrete;

Types of concrete, as part of which the content of components causing corrosion of metal does not exceed the permissible level.

"In the Russian Federation operates SP 50.13330.2012" REDUCED 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings. "

6.4.5 The size of the section and reinforcement of rigid connecting links (reinforced concrete LRVs and ribs) should be taken such that the formation of cracks and corrosion of reinforcements in these links and in the panels adjacent to them are excluded. To protect reinforcement from corrosion, it is necessary to apply the measures specified in 6.4.4 to protect the anterorating elements of flexible ties. The nominal thickness of reinforced concrete ribs and the nominal size of reinforced concrete knaps should be taken at least 60 mm. It is recommended to comply with the condition according to which the value of the coefficient of the heat engineering uniformity of the panels, which is determined, taking into account the current regulatory documents and technical documentation and the heat transfer, taken into account in the resistance calculations, should be at least 0.6.

6.4.6 The number of connections needed to ensure the integrity of the panel during the operation of the building should be determined by the calculation of the on-tested methods. Types and links must be specified in the working documentation for the panel.

6.5 Additional requirements

6.5.1 In the panels with openings adjacent to their ends (for example, with doorways), constructive measures should be taken (for example, the formation of a closed reinforcement circuit by means of a reinforced jumper using frameworks, reinforced rods or in another way) to prevent appearance Cracks in the panel in the opening zone with loading and unloading operations, transportation, storage and installation.

6.5.2 Nominal thickness of the protective layer of concrete to reinforcement (including the outer protective-decorative or inner finishing layer), no less values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 3. The exception is the panels intended for the Northern Climatic Subsections - 1B. 1g. IA. MB. Ig. 1MB and IVE, taking into account the current regulatory documents and technical documentation with low average air temperature (degrees Celsius), in which the nominal thickness of the protective layer of light concrete from the outer surface to the reinforcement must be taken at least 30 mm. Heavy concrete layer - at least 25 mm.

The nominal thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement located in a layer, which is under the concreting of the upper, follow the allowable deviations of the thickness of this layer, the thickness of the reinforced layers, but at least the values \u200b\u200bindicated in Table 3.

Table 3.

Surface, from the motor doubts the thickness of the protective layer of concrete	view of the concrete layer, I "squeezing the races not fittings	Minimal nominal thickness protective layer concrete to arcuage 1 ", we
			"Onstructama
Outer (facade), adjacent to the heat insulation layer
The surface of the inside of the panel and the face of the opening
|; In the bearing panels, the minimum nominal thickness of the concrete layer to the reinforcement is prescribed depending on the normalized fire resistance limits on the bearing ability established by the regulatory documents on fire safety.

7 Technical requirements

7.1 Requirements for factory readiness panels

7.1.1 Panels should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for project and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

7.1.2 The factory readiness of the panels must comply with the relations of the endandard and the additional requirements of the project documentation for specific buildings established taking into account the conditions for transporting and storing panels, the technology of loading and unloading and installation of buildings.

In cases stipulated by the project documentation for specific buildings, the panels should be supplied with applied waterproof primers installed by window and door blocks, submool plates and plums made of sealing and insulation in the joints between window and door blocks and elements, overhead and other structural elements. specified in 7.1.3.

Delivery of panels without window and door blocks, windows and plots in the event that their installation is provided for by project documentation, allowed by the manufacturer's agreement with the consumer and the project organization - the author of the project.

7.1.3 In cases provided for by project documentation, the panels must have:

Proposals, cuts, stages, niches, steel mortgages and false products and other structural elements intended for supporting panels on building construction and for olive and adjustment of adjacent structures:

Cutouts and recesses in end areas and other places of adjoining to the panels of adjacent structures, intended for the formation of a sponge compound after the eamers of the joints;

Reinforcement, steel mortgage products and other structural elements for connecting panels with each other and with adjacent building structures:

Protrusions, grooves and other structural parts in the end zones of the panels, along the perimeter of openings, intended for the formation of an anti-barrier barrier, the stop of sealing gaskets and sealants, installations in the junction of the waterproof element (tape), etc.;

Nests for mounting (lifting) loops and other mounting and connecting parts;

Window blocks with subcast plates, plums and door blocks;

Mortgages and overhead products for fastening the submools, sunscreens, curtains, curtains, devices for the sort of curtains and other equipment, open heating devices and other engineering equipment.

7.2 Requirements for the actual values \u200b\u200bof the functional parameters of the panels

7.2.1 The actual values \u200b\u200bof the functional parameters of the panels, the nomenclature of which is presented in Table 1. Must comply with the limit or nominal values \u200b\u200bspecified in the working documentation for these panels.

7.2.2 The actual values \u200b\u200bof the functional parameters of the panels should be determined by the results of periodic tests in accordance with 8.2.1. The actual values \u200b\u200bof the parameters not specified in 8.2.1 and Table 5. Determine the results of research tests carried out before the production panels are made.

7.3 Requirements of the coat of geometric parameters

7.3.1 Actual deviations of the geometric parameters of panels from design (nominal) values \u200b\u200bshould not exceed the limit set by this standard or regulatory documents on the panel. The limit values \u200b\u200bof deviations in length, height and thickness of the panels are taken in accordance with 6.1. Limit values \u200b\u200bof deviations of other panel parameters - in accordance with Staby4.

Table 4.

nMD deviations of the geometric parameter		Limit deviation mm
Linear deviation	Dimensions of openings, cuts, protrusions and recesses:
	RVZMERS SLESS FOR SPAIN BOXES, Switches and
	plug sockets, cross-section of channels and
	ridge for wiring

End of Table 4.

type of deviation	Geometrical parameter and its nominal value, mm	Limit deviation.
geometric parameter
Linear deviation	Sizes that determine the position of the openings, cuts,
	stupes and recesses:
	Sizes that determine the position of steel mortgage parts located in accordance with the working documentation in the same level with the surface of concrete and not serving clamps when installing: In the plane of the panel with the size of the mortgage part up to 100 mm
	In the plane of the panel with the size of the mortgage part more than 100 mm
	From the plane of the panel
	Sizes that determine the position of steel mortgage parts serving clamps when mounting
Deviation from straight	Direct scope of profile of face surfaces, support
nvynost	and end faces: On sites 1 m long On the entire length of the panel or block length:
Deviation from the plane	Flatness of the facial surface during measurements from
	the conditional plane passing through three angular surface points of the surface of the PVNEL with the highest size (length or height):
Deviation from perpendicular	Perpendicularity of adjacent end faces (for foam
dicularity	leu rectangular shape) when measuring on the basis of:

7.3.2 Deviations from the design thickness of concrete layers, as well as the outer protective-decorative and internal finishing layers of the panels should not exceed ± 5 mm. Deviations from the design thickness of the heat insulating layer with a plate insulation laid in one layer should not exceed ± 5 mm. And in two layers - ± 10 mm.

7.3.3 Limit deviations from the design thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the working fittings should be appointed according to GOST 13015.

7.4 Concrete and solutions

7.4.1 Concretes applied to baseline panels must comply with the requirements:

Heavy and fine-grained concretes - GOST 26633;

Light concrete - GOST 25820.

The solution used in the manufacture of panels must comply with the requirements of GOST 28013.

7.4.2 The actual strength of the concrete (at the age of 28 days and the vacation) must comply with the required appointed according to GOST 18105, depending on the class of concrete, established in the working documentation, and the indicator of the actual uniformity of concrete strength.

7.4.3 The actual strength of the solution of the external protective-decorative and internal depth layers of the panels (at the age of 28 days and the vacation) should be no less than normalized strength.

7.4.4 The actual average density of lung concrete must correspond to the required average density determined according to GOST 27005, depending on the brand of concrete on the average density and the coefficient of the required density characterizing the actual homogeneity of concrete concrete.

7.4.5 The actual thermal conductivity of the light concrete of the main layers of panels should not more than 10% exceed the thermal conductivity values \u200b\u200bspecified in the working documentation on the panel.

7.4.6 The actual values \u200b\u200bof the volume of inter-rigid emptiness and the volume of air involved in the compacted concrete mixture should not exceed the values \u200b\u200breceived according to GOST 25820 and 6.2.2.1.

7.4.7 Frost resistance of concrete and mortar and concrete waterproof must comply with stamps on frost resistance and waterproof, installed in project documentation for specific buildings and specified in the procedure for making panels.

7.5 Requirements for reinforcing and mortgage products

7.5.1 Brands and steel classes for reinforcing and mortgage products must comply with the panels specified in the working drawings.

7.5.2 Welded reinforcement and mortgage products must comply with GOST 10922 and GOST 23279.

7.6 Requirements for non-metallic flexible connections

7.6.1 Non-metallic flexible communications must comply with the following requirements:

According to the material - durability;

By parameters - manufacturer accuracy.

7.7 Requirements of the Kompcil Layer

7.7.1 The strength of materials and products of the heat-insulating layer of LR 10% compression for panels, in the manufacture of which the concrete of the outer or inner layer is laid through the heat insulation layer, it must be so that the compressibility of the heat-insulating layer does not exceed 6% at a pressure generated by the mass of stacked on His layer of concrete.

It is allowed to use heat-insulating plates compressibility at a specified pressure from 6% to 15% (semi-rigid plates according to GOST 16381) in combination with thermal insulation products, the compressibility of which does not exceed4%.

At the same time, the layer of more hard heat insulating plates should be laid on a layer of less hard

7.7.2 The humidity of thermal insulation products when laying in the panel (initial humidity) should not exceed the maximum allowable humidity (weight humidity) established in the standards on the product of a particular type.

7.7.3 The humidity of the heat-insulating layer on the release of panels to the consumer (selling moisture) should not exceed the maximum allowable humidity (weight humidity) mounted for thermal insulation products from which this layer is made by more than 5% by weight.

7.7.4 Thermal insulation plates should be laid in the panel tightly to each other.

When the heat-insulating plates are arranged in several layers of the seams between the plates in each of the layers, it should be shifted relative to the seams between the plates in adjacent layers at least on the thickness of the layer.

The layout of thermal insulation plates must match the panels specified in the working drawings.

7.7.5 The gaps between the ends of the heat-insulating plates and the gaps in the places of their adjoins of the cord should be protected from the pushing of the concrete mixture and its dissolved component. The locations of the gaps and ways to protect against the concrete mixture should be specified in the working drawings of each particular panel.

7.8 Requirements for Sassepanelli

7.8.1 Deviations of the actual mass of panels when they leave their consumer from the nominal mass specified in the working documentation should not exceed ± 10%.

7.8.2 The nominal weighting mass of panels with basic layers of light concrete is calculated during the design average density of the main layers and the density of the insulation, taking into account their greatest allowed vacation humidity.

The nominal weighting mass of panels with basic layers of heavy concrete should be taken taking into account the actual average density of concrete on the prediction of the manufacturer. determined by test results.

7.9 Requirements for appearance and quality of panel surfaces

7.9.1 The type and quality of the finishes of the outer front surfaces of the panels must comply with the requirements of the project documentation and the standard of finishing approved by the Customer's SogpoOZ.

7.9.2 Types of window and balcony blocks installed in the panels of window and balcony blocks, painting, glazing and picking with windows, plums and mortgage products should correspond to the manufacturer.

7.9.3 The quality of the concrete surfaces of the panels must comply with the requirements of GOST 13015K the surfaces of the categories specified in the standard or working documentation on the panel or regulatory documents on the panel.

7.9.4 In the areas of surfaces of panels intended for the formation of sealed zones in the joints and application of the embossed erectuzolation. must not be:

Shells with a diameter more Emmy depth of more than 2 mm:

Local halves and depression height (depth) more than 2 mm;

Concrete ribs are a depth of more than 2 mm and more than 30 mm long on 1 m ribs.

7.9.5 On the surfaces of the panels should not be fat and rusty spots.

7.9.6 On the lined surfaces of the lamellas should not be detached finishing materials. The quality of the seams between the elements of the finishing materials should correspond to the finish standards (see 7.9.1).

7.9.7 in concrete and a solution intended for the manufacture of panels should not be cracks, with the exception of local surface cracks width not more than 0.2 mm.

7.10 Requirements for materials and components

7.10.1 Isllue-made concrete, binders, aggregates, additives and water must match:

For heavy and fine-grained concrete - GOST 26633:

For light concrete - GOST 25620.

Materials used to prepare a solution must comply with the requirements of GOST 28013.

7.10.2 Thermal insulating plates should be used as the thermal insulating layer material in the panels in accordance with 6.3.2.

It is allowed to apply other thermal insulation materials that meet the requirements of this standard (see 6.3.3) and ensuring the buildings required in the specific operating conditions of the panel heat transfer during the entire provision for their service life.

7.10.3 For reinforcement of panels, reinforcement steel should be applied, relevant to the requirements:

For rod fittings - GOST 5781 or GOST 10884;

For reinforcement wire - GOST 6727.

7.10.4 Steel for the manufacture of mortgage products and mounting loops must comply with the requirements set in GOST 13015.

7.10.5 Window blocks and balcony door blocks installed in the panels must comply with the requirements of GOST 11214. GOST 21519. GOST 23166. GOST 24700. GOST 25097. GOST 30674. Outdoor door blocks - GOST 475. Promotion nodes to panel openings - GOST 30971 .

7.10.6 Used to finish panels, attack for waterproofing, steamyoioyocyonic and anti-corrosion coatings, paintwork and facing materials and mastic must comply with the requirements of the relevant standards and in the cases provided for by regulatory documents to have certificates of conformity.

7.11 Marking

7.11.1 Marking inscriptions, signs and name of the manufacturer should be applied on lateral facets or other surfaces of the panels in accordance with GOST 13015.

7.11.2 Methods and labeling rules on the panel are listed in Section 7 GOST 13015.

8 Rules acceptance

8.1 General acceptance rules

8.1.1 Acceptance of panels is carried out by batches in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015 and this standard. The batch includes products of one type of concrete of one class by compressive strength and one medium density brand, made according to one technology from materials of one type and quality for no one day.

8.1.2 Accepting panels are carried out according to the results of input and operational control, periodic and receiving tests.

8.1.3 Characteristics of panels controlled during input and operational control must correspond to GOST 13015. Additionally, during operational control check:

Moisture content of insulation plates to laying in the form;

The correctness of the situation and the anchoring of flexible ties and reinforcement reinforcements.

The actual thickness of the concrete layer of the panels.

The actual thickness of the heat insulating layer:

The correct installation of the plates of the insulation and the installation of fire dissipation (inserts);

The presence and number of slots in the plates of the insulation in the locations of the elements of the links, the quality of sealing the slots;

The presence and correct installation of wooden stoppers for fastening window and door blocks;

The presence and quality of primer coatings of panels.

8.2 Indicators controlled by periodic test results

8.2.1 Periodic tests To determine the compliance of the controlled parameters of the panels, the required values \u200b\u200bshould be carried out when the panels are made to production, when changing the production technology or used materials and components, as well as periodically within the time specified in the working documentation.

8.2.2 Panels intended for testing in terms of resistance to power influences. Must meet the requirements of this standard and work documentation on the panel.

8.2.3 Depending on the specific design, the received type of finishing and features of the production technology of panels to the number of panels controlled by the results of periodic tests, it is allowed in addition to the indicators on Table 5:

Vacation humidity of the heat-insulating layer of three-layer panels;

Indicators of the porosity of the compacted concrete mixture of light concrete:

Heat-conductingLeggogotone:

The adhesion strength of facing tiles with concrete or solution:

Deviations of geometric parameters, the accuracy of which depends on the on-no one elements of the forms.

8.2.4 Thermal conductivity of light concrete should be monitored in cases where the heat transfer resistance of the layers of light concrete panels is taken into account when determining the compliance of the calculated resistance to heat transfer panels of the requirements of existing regulatory documents and technical documentation on the thermal protection of buildings.

8.2.5 The selling moisture of materials should be monitored by tests of samples selected from three finished panels, not less than:

The lightweight concrete of the outer and inner layers - once a month, as well as when changing the composition of concrete:

The material of the heat-insulating layer is twice a month.

An assessment of the actual selling moisture content of materials should be carried out according to the results of the pro "Verki of each controlled product on the average value of the humidity of the samples selected from it.

8.2.6 Control in the indicators of the porosity of a compacted mixture of light concrete (the volume of inter-rigid emptiness, the volume of the air involved) should be carried out at least once a month.

8.2.7 Control in thermal conductivity indicators of light concrete should be carried out at least once every 6 months.

8.2.8 The adhesion strength of facing tiles with a solution or concrete panels should be controlled at least once every 3 months. The assessment of the strength is carried out by the average value of the test results of samples selected from five ready-made panels that are part of one accepted batch of panels.

8.2.9 Control in the accuracy of the accuracy of geometric parameters of panels is carried out at least once a month, choosing panels from one batch. Sampling and rules for evaluating control results - in accordance with 8.3.5.

8.3 Indicators controlled by the results of acceptance tests

8.3.1 Acceptance of panels According to the results of acceptance tests, they are carried out according to the following indicators:

Concrete strength and solutions:

The average density of light concrete;

Compliance of mortgage parts, reinforcement products, quality of welded joints and mounting loops working drawings;

Accuracy of geometric panel parameters;

The thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement;

Crack disclosure width:

Quality of concrete surfaces:

The presence of adhesion of facing tiles with concrete or solution;

Weighing products;

Appearance.

8.3.2 Concrete strength is controlled in the manner provided for by GOST 18105. The monitoring of the strength of the solution (at design age and the vacation) is carried out for each batch of products according to the test results of at least one series of samples made from one sample of the solution, but at least once in shift .

8.3.3 Monitoring the average density of light concrete The main layers of the panel should be carried out according to GOST 27005.

8.3.4 Compliance of mortgage parts, reinforcement products, welded joints and mounting loops working drawings are monitored when they are acceptable in the reinforcing workshop.

8.3.5 Compliance with the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, the width of the splitting of the cracks, the quality of concrete surfaces and the mass of products, the requirements of the working documentation are verified by the results of the sample single-stage control according to GOST 13015.

8.3.6 Compliance with the established requirements of the appearance of products (lack of fat and rusty stains, concrete springs on mortgage parts and mounting hinges, outcrops, the presence and correctness of the labeling inscriptions and signs, waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings, the presence, completeness and quality of the opening of opening The correspondence of the finishing of the outer surfaces approved standard) is checked by continuous control of products included in the party.

8.3.7 According to the results of acceptance in accordance with GOST 13015, accounts for the quality of the supplied panels.

Additionally, in a quality document, you must indicate:

The brand of concrete on the frost resistance of the outer layer of the panels:

Density and coefficient of thermal conductivity plates of the insulation of the heat insulating layer;

Type of finishes of external face surfaces indicating the type of finishing silt and facing material and references to the relevant standards.

In the presence of layers in the panels from the solution in a document on quality, indicators should be given: a grade of strength solution, the actual vacation strength and a stamp on frost resistance.

6 quality indicators of the average density of light concrete of the outer and inner layers of panels should indicate the actual values \u200b\u200bof the average density in the condition dried to constant weight.

9 Control and Test Methods

9.1 Panel Quality Control

9.1.1 Compliance with the requirements for panel parameters characterizing their resistance to static power influences (load on the top line of the panel, in case the carrier panel), wind (load on the panel field) and seismic effects, determine the test results in accordance with GOST 6829 According to the schemes given in the working documentation on the panel.

Tests should be carried out on the centering compression of the inner concrete or reinforced concrete layer and on the mutual shift of the external and internal layers.

According to the test results, it is determined by:

The carrying capacity of the panel of the panel with an excentrate compression, characterized by the value (value) of the destructive static load on the top line of the panel:

The maximum displacement of the outer concrete or reinforced concrete layer relative to the inner concrete or reinforced concrete layer at a double calculated load on the outer layer, including its own weight. should not exceed 2 mm.

9.1.2 Tests In order to determine the resistance of the panel by mounted and shock loads, they are carried out according to the techniques agreed between the manufacturer and the customer.

9.1.3 Precision of dimensions and shape of panels, sizes characterizing the quality of surfaces of panels, are determined according to GOST 26433.1.

9.1.4 Compliance with the requirements for the appearance of the panels. - lack of fat and rusty spots, concrete pins on mortgage products and mounting loops, outcrops, the presence and correctness of the labeling inscriptions and signs, the presence of waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings, the presence, completeness and quality of the opening of opening, the compliance of the separation of the outer surfaces approved by the standard, Check visually.

9.2 Concrete strength control and mortar

9.2.1 Concrete strength on compression is determined by GOST 10180. Evaluation of test results - polishing 18105.

9.2.2 The strength of the solution is controlled according to GOST 5802.

9.2.3 The actual release strength of light and heavy concrete is determined according to GOST 17624 when testing panels with an ultrasonic method.

The actual vacation strength of light and heavy concrete is allowed to be determined also in accordance with GOST 22690 when testing panels with mechanical methods of non-destructive testing.

9.3 Monitoring the average density of concrete

9.3.1 Middle concrete density is determined according to GOST 12730.1. Assessment of test results - according to GOST 27005.

The average density of concrete is allowed to be determined also according to GOST 17623 by the radioisotope method. At the same time, they test at least one panel in shift.

9.4 Control of frost resistance and waterproof concrete

9.4.1 Frost resistance of heavy and lightweed concrete is determined according to GOST 10060. The frost resistance of the solution is controlled according to GOST 5802.

9.4.2 Concrete waterproof is determined according to GOST 12730.5.

9.5 Concrete Humidity Control

9.5.1 The humidity of the lung concrete is set according to GOST 12730.2.

9.5.2 From each panel included in the sample (see 8.2.5), you should select at least two samples. Samples are taken by scoring from the inner layer of the panel at low speed or with a jumper. The sample sampling should be located at a distance of at least 200 mm from the end face of the panel.

Holes formed after sampling must be embedded by material that ensures the restoration of the required operational properties of panels in sampling zones.

9.5.3 It is allowed to determine the humidity of the concrete dielcometric method of the graveyard 21718.

9.6 Control of thermal conductivity of light concrete and concrete mix porosity

9.6.1 Thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete in a condition dried to constant mass is determined according to GOST 7076. The test of thermal conductivity should be carried out at the surface temperature of the panel from 10 "from to 40 V.

9.6.2 Monitoring the porosity of the concrete mixture of light concrete is carried out according to GOST 10181.

9.7 Control of welded reinforcing and mortgage products

9.7.1 Control and testing of welded reinforcement and mortgage products are carried out according to GOST 10922.

9.7.2 It is allowed to determine the quality control of welded joints by the ultrasonic method according to GOST 23858.

9.6 Monitoring the moisture content of the material of the heat-insulating layer

9.8.1 Monitoring the moisture content of the material of the heat-insulating layer should be carried out by testing samples selected from finished panels, methods installed in the standard for material. From each panel included in the sample, at least two samples of thermal insulation material are taken.

9.8.2 It is allowed not to control the veleage humidity of the heat-insulating layer from the plates of polystyrene foam, adopted according to GOST 15588. and from other non-splashing and moisture-resistant materials and products when specifying in the working documentation on the panel.

9.9 Control of compressibility and initial humidity of thermal insulation materials and

9.9.1 The compressibility and initial humidity of thermal insulation materials and products are monitored in the event of a change in these parameters during the storage or transportation process, as well as before the manufacture of each batch of panels.

9.9.2 The compressibility of thermal insulation products should be checked at a pressure specified in 7.7.1. With the help of test equipment and according to the methods specified in GOST 17177 and standards for products.

9.9.3 The initial moisture content of heat-insulating materials and products is determined by the test of samples selected from them by the methods specified by the subscripts on materials and products.

9.10 Control of the presence and strength of the adhesion of finishing and facing layers with

concrete and mortar

9.10.1 The presence of adhesion of protective-decorative and finishing layers with concrete panels is tested by climbing.

9.10.2 The adhesion strength of facing tiles with a solution or concrete is determined according to GOST 28039.

10 Transportation and storage

10.1 Transportation and storage of panels are performed in accordance with the working documentation on the panel of specific types being developed in compliance with the requirements of GOST 13015 and this standard.

10.2 Panels should be stored in cassettes in a vertical or inclined position.

Window and door blocks installed in the panels, when stored and transport, should be closed and secured.

10.3 When storing and transporting the panels, the supports are placed only under the inner bearing concrete layer so. So that the outer protective and decorative and thermal insulation layers of the panels below had an air gap of at least 20 mm. The transfer of effort to these layers is not allowed.

Special gaskets are used as a support - wooden, rubber, etc.

If there are protruding down parts and parts in the panels, the height of the supports should exceed their height at least 20 mm.

10.4 When storing panels on an open site and during transportation, horizontal and vertical ends of panels along the entire length and around the perimeter of the opening places of the insulation, the outside should be saved by waterproof material.

10.5 Panels are transported in a vertical or inclined position on panels, railway platforms and other vehicles equipped with special fasteners and support devices providing fixedness of panels and their safety, including the safety of the opening of openings and parts protruding from the plane of the panels.

10.6 Lifting, loading and unloading panels should be carried out with the capture of mounting loops or using special gripping devices provided for by the working documentation for these panels.

10.7 When storing, transporting and installing panels, fire safety measures should be provided, excluding the possibility of burning insulation.

UDC 691.328.1.022.4: 006.354 μS 91.080.10

Keywords: panel, reinforced concrete panel with efficient insulation, classification. Types, parameters, settlement load, brand, concrete, class, design, fittings, mortgage parts, technical requirements, strength, connecting connections, acceptance, control methods, transportation and storage

Editor TT Martina Technical Editor S.N. Prussakova Korrehtor R.A. MEITOVOV KOCLYUMER BEALSE I.A. Naleikina

Rent 2S.03.20ie. Signed about printing 0s.04.2016 FORNAT 60 * 84/1 Garnish Ariel.

Hood. Pechs. l. 3.26. Uch. * Ed. l. 2.75. Tira »35 ECE. Per*. 053.

Published and imprinted in FSUE "Standinform", $ 12399 Moscow. Grenade Ler .. 4.

In the Russian Federation, the SP 50.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 thermal protection of buildings".

Modern three-layer wall panels with PIR insulation, produced under the Krohn brand, are intended for the construction of walls on the objects of various purposes. Due to the presence of a high-quality insulation inside the panel, this building material is distinguished by excellent thermal insulation characteristics. But no less important advantage is the ease of assembling an object from sandwich panels.

Three-layer wall panels with PIR insulation

The Kron Group of Companies implements wall sandwich panels in Moscow. They can be of different thickness (from 30 to 220 mm), have a different type of profile (zigar, stripes, micropropraphylation, without fins) and any color on the RAL scale.

To ensure perfect butt compounds when installing three-layer wall panels with insulation, a reliable castle "Schip-groove" or the labyrinct connection "Double spike-groove" is used in the production process. Due to this, the stability of the design increases and the possibility of the formation of "cold bridges" is excluded.

Benefits of the design of the sandwich panels

SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS KROHN PIR Sandwich Panels:

Reinforced concrete outer wall panels are most often performed on a single-row cutting, that is, height per floor and one or two rooms long, and according to constructive execution, they are single-layer, two-layer and three-layer (Fig. 3.4 and 3.5). All wall panels are supplied with lifting loops and mortgage parts for mounting one panel to another and for connections with other structural elements of buildings.

a) single-layer reinforced concrete outer wall panels

Such panels are made from lightweight structurally insulating concrete on porous aggregates or autoclave cellular concrete (Fig. 3.5). From the outside, the single-layer panels are coated with a protective finishing layer of a cement solution with a thickness of 20-25 mm or 50-70 mm, and from the inside - a finishing layer with a thickness of 10-15 mm, i.e. such panels can be called "single-layer". The thickness of the outer protective finishing layers is prescribed depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the construction area, and they are carried out from vapor-permeable decorative solutions or concrete or from conventional solutions with subsequent color. The finishing of the outer facade layer can also be performed by ceramic, glass tiles or thin tiles of sawn stone or crushed stone materials.

Fig. 3.4. External reinforced concrete single, two- and three-layer wall panels:

a - one-layer; b - two-layer; in - three-layer; 1 - light constructive heat-insulating concrete; 2 - external protective finishing layer; 3 - constructive concrete; 4 - Effective insulation

Fig. 3.5. Composite elements of cross sections of external reinforced concrete-wall panels: a - with an outer protective finishing layer; b - with outer protective finishing and internal finishing layers; B - from cellular concrete; g - two-layer with an inner bearing layer; d - three-layer with rigid connections between concrete layers; e - three-layer with flexible bonds between layers; 1 - structural-thermal insulation or cellular concrete; 2 - external protective finishing layer; 3 - internal finishing layer; 4 - external and internal bearing layers; 5 - light heat insulating concrete; 6 - Armature; 7 and 8 - elements of flexible communication from anti-corrosion steel; 9 - effective insulation; δ - the thickness of the insulation layer

Single-layer panels reinforced along the contour with a welded frame of grids, and above the windows are a welded spatial frame. To eliminate the disclosure of cracks in the corners of the outlook, the cutting rods or M-shaped grids are placed (Fig. 3.6).

Single-layer panels from autoclave cellular concrete panels cannot be made of height size on the entire floor wall and the walls with a linear belt cutting are performed. The armature of such panels is protected from corrosion by coating with anti-corrosion composition.

Fig. 3.6. The scheme of reinforcement of the single-layer light concrete panel of the outer wall:

1 - jumper frame; 2 - lifting loop; 3 - reinforcement frame; 4 - M-shaped reinforcing mesh in the facade layer

Due to the high vapor permeability of light concrete and, due to the possibility of forming the condensation of water vapor inside the single-layer panels and its freezing at a low temperature of the outer air, such panels are advisable to apply for buildings with a low relative humidity of internal air (no more than 60%). Thickness of single-layer panels 240-320 mm, but not more than 400 mm.

b) two-layer reinforced concrete outer wall panels

The two-layer wall panels consist of an inner bearing layer made of heavy or lightweight constructive concrete, and an outer insulation layer of structurally insulating light concrete. The thickness of the inner carrier layer is not less than 100 mm, and the thickness of the outer insulation layer is determined by the ceiling calculation. Outside, two-layer wall panels have a protective finishing layer of cement mortar with a thickness of 20-25 mm with such a finish, as in single-layer panels.

Since the inner carrier layer of dense concrete in two-layer panels has low vapor permeability, such panels can be used in buildings with a high relative humidity of internal air. The reinforcement of two-layer wall panels is performed similarly to single-layer panels, i.e. the reinforcement frame is placed in the carrier and insulation of concrete layers, but the operating fittings of the jumpers are placed in the carrier concrete layer. The total thickness of the two-layer wall panels is not more than 400 mm (Fig. 3.7).

c) Three-layer reinforced concrete outer wall panels

Three-layer outer wall panels consist of an inner and outer layers made of heavy or dense light constructive concrete, between which the insulation layer is placed from an effective thermal insulation material. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by calculating the heat shield, and the thickness of the internal and outer concrete layers depend on the structural solution of the wall panel and the magnitude of the perceived loads.

The inner layer of panels reinforce the spatial framework, and the outer layer is the reinforcement grid. Depending on the constructive design, the three-layer wall panels are flexible or rigid bonds between the inner and outer concrete layers (Fig. 3.5 and 3.8). Flexible connections serve metal rods in the form of vertical suspensions and horizontal tips connecting the reinforcement frame of the inner layer and the reinforcement grid of the outdoor layer of the wall panel, i.e. they are fastened with welding or tied to the spatial reinforcement frame of the inner layer and the reinforcement grid of the outer layer. Metal rods of flexible bonds are performed from the corrosion-resistant steel or they have an anti-corrosion coating in the zone of the insulation.

Flexible ties provide independent work of concrete layers of the wall panel and exclude temperature efforts between layers. The outer layer in the panels with flexible bonds performs the enclosing functions and its thickness must be at least 50 mm. The thickness of the inner layer in three-layer panels with flexible bonds in carrier and self-supporting wall panels is at least 80 mm, and in non-vacant panels - at least 65 mm.

Figure 3.7. Two-layer concrete panel of the outer wall: 1 and 2 - mortgage parts for fastening heating radiators; 3 - lifting loops; 4 - reinforcement frame; 5 - internal carrier layer; 6 - external protective finishing layer; 7 - draining; 8 - submool board; 9 is an easy-concrete thermal insulation layer; N.- floor height; IN- panel length; h.- panel thickness; δ - The thickness of the heat insulating layer

In three-layer wall panels with rigid bonds, the inner and outer concrete layers are connected using vertical and horizontal concrete reinforced ryber. Hard ties ensure the joint static work of concrete layers of wall panels and protect the connecting reinforcement rods from corrosion. Connecting reinforcement rods are placed in concrete links and they are attached with welding or tied to the reinforcement frame of the inner layer and the reinforcement grid of the outer layer.

The disadvantage of hard bonds in the outer wall panels is through heat-conducting inclusions formed by the edges, which can lead to condensate falling on the inner surface of the walls. To reduce the effect of thermal conductivity of the roiber on the temperature of the inner surface of the walls, they are performed with a thickness of no more than 40 mm and preferably from light concrete, and the inner concrete layer is thickened to 80-120 mm. The thickness of the outer layer is at least 50 mm. The outer decoration of the three-layer wall panels is also performed as single and two-layer. In all panels of outer walls, mortgage parts for attachment to other structural elements are placed in the bearing layer.

Fig. 3.8. Three-layer concrete panels of the exterior walls and the relationship of their concrete layers:

a - scheme of the location of flexible ties; B - The same hard ties: 1 - suspension; 2 - strut; 3 - troops; 4 - edge from concrete of external layers; 5 - edge of light concrete; 6 - internal concrete layer; 7 - outer concrete layer; 8 - the reinforcement frame of the inner layer; 9 - reinforcement grid of the outer layer; 10 - Armature Ryuber; 11 - Effective insulation

Wall outdoor concrete and reinforced concrete panels found the widest use of houses, as well as industrial and public facilities. The emergence of them, more than 50 years ago, was a real breakthrough in construction and made it possible to reduce the time of buildings several times.

Types w / w panels

Reinforced concrete is a monolith from steel reinforcement and concrete. The interaction of these materials is very effective. The concrete stone is securely connected with the metal, protecting it well from rusting. These components complement each other in durability to different loads.

The resulting structures have significant strength, and only a high-tech tool can help in their processing. Recently, the diamond drilling of the holes in the concrete has become in demand.

Note!
The volume of the concrete, mostly occupies cheap raw materials - gravel, crushed stone, sand.
Therefore, the price is relatively small.

What kind of varieties exist

For the reinforcement, the ZhBI is divided into:

• tense pre-product;
• analogs reinforced by the usual method.

By density (specific weight) and brand of concrete:

• superheavy of them from 2.5 t / m³;
• severe analogues, with a density of 1.8 / 2.5 t / m³;
• lightweight, their share up to 1.8 t / m³;
• ultralight products, their density of 0.7 t / m³.

By its structure, reinforced concrete wall panels are divided into:

• monolithic;
• hollow;
• produced from one species of solution;
• made from different types of mixtures.

Ruby can target:

• for residential and public buildings;
• for production facilities;
• for engineering and technical structures.

Methods of production

The manufacture of panels is carried out at reinforced concrete products plants with different methods.

1. Bench technology is designed for the manufacture of large-sized products. The solution is poured into fixed forms. Special units: concrete stackers and vibrators, take turns approach stands and produce technological stages.
2. The cassette method is a modification of the previous method.. The panels are manufactured in fixed cassettes, which consist of several steel compartments. The form of the armature frame is put, then it is filled with concrete. Thermal processing is made contact, through the walls of the cassette.

After warming up the wall, the forms are removed, and the panels are removed by a bridge crane. This method produces flat products: wall structures and analogs for overlappings.

1. With a flow-aggregate technology, the products for products are moved along a chain from one mechanism to the following. Wet and thermal processing is carried out constantly.
2. With a vibration rolling method, the entire production cycle occurs on the only installation of the flow principle (vibrating rolling mill). It is a conveyor consisting of protected rubber steel.

The tape is moved by technological posts. They occurs: installation of the frame of fittings, the pouring of concrete, its seal with vibration and thermal processing. The instruction recommends that in this way the panels of partitions and overlaps, as well as external wall plates made of light concrete.

Technical requirements

Public standards are presented to wall plates.

1. Accuracy of regulatory sizes, as well as geometric shape.
2. The optimality of the design of connections and nodes.
3. Accurate location of mortgages.
4. Compliance with the sizes and mass of the progress of the possibilities of transport and lifting machines.

Note!
The house of reinforced concrete panels should be constructed from products whose dimensions are within deviations and tolerances.
They are determined by GOS No. 30/15.4 / 84.

1. The dimensions of the mortgages in them must correspond to regulatory values, the error should not exceed 0.5 cm.
2. A permissible axial displacement of mortgages is no more than 1 cm.
3. These elements should be flush with the plane of the panels or above it - no more than 0.3 cm.

Read more about wall plates

Large wall plates have been designed to reduce the pace of construction. For example, a cottage from reinforced concrete panels can be built in just 2 weeks.

Advantages of the priest

The popularity of the railway panels in mass construction, except for the high rates of work, is also explaining other advantages:

• high strength;
• good carrier ability;
• acceptable level of thermal insulation;
• 100% fire resistance;
• resistant to temperature drops;
• durability of operation.

Types of panel construction

Panel construction can be frame and frameless.

It depends on what wall plates are used: enclosing and carriers or only enclosing.

1. In the buildings of the frameless type, the loads of the walls are carried by the walls themselves.
2. In frame counterparts, carrier functions are performed by frames. Wall plates serve for zoning, fencing, sound and thermal insulation.

Plants produce panels for both external and inland walls.

1. The outer plates on the structure are divided into three categories: single-layer, produced from cellular or light concrete and consisting of two, three layers. The latter are made of heavy types of concrete and thermal insulator.
2. Outside the design is covered with facade ceramic tiles, decorative mortar, weather-resistant paints, etc. The inner side of the plates is equalized and prepared for decoration.
3. The height of wall railway panels is equal to the altitude of one floor. The width extends to the 1/2 room (300/720 cm), the thickness can be 20/50 cm. The dimensions of the reinforced concrete wall panels for partitions correspond to the size of the premises. The thickness of them is 3/16 cm.

Classification Plate for walls

There are different divisions of panels in the category, based on the principle underlying: typical features, purpose, structure, material composition.

Design plates

The panels produced are divided into monolithic and composite counterparts.

In turn, layered products can be solid or have a layer of air.

1. Single-layer analogues are made of homogeneous concrete having a low thermal conductivity. The thickness of their outer part is 2/4 cm. Inside the stove is decorated with facing.
2. Two-layer plates have a solid structure. Their carrier layer is made of a reinforced concrete solution. This is the inner part of the panel, which additionally plays the role of vaporizolation. The outer heat-shield layer is covered with cement-sandy solution.
3. Reinforced concrete three-layer panels are made of two plates connected in themselves with a welded frame from fittings. Including the insulation is laid.

For carrying capacity, wall plates are divided into:

• self-supporting products;
• carrying analogs.
• hinged panels.

Panels for partitions

1. These large-sized plates have the height of the floor and length up to 600 cm. They are designed to build full-blood buildings.

Note!
For the production of partition panels, the usual or gypsum concrete should be used.
Material must have good waterproof and frost resistance.

1. Such plates are strengthened with iron wire mesh or rods from thermally and mechanically stable steel, class A / III, AT / III. All steel product details must be covered with anti-corrosion soil.

Single-layer plates

1. For the production of single-layer wall panels, a concrete is used, having a homogeneous structure and high level of thermal insulation. The bowl of everything is lightweight (cellular) material.
2. The outer side of the plates is covered with a layer of facing, 2/4 cm thick, for their protection against atmospheric influences.
3. As a finish of the inside, various plaster, tile, etc. applies.

Two-layer panels

1. A two-layer plate variety, as a rule, has a solid structure. The first carrier layer is made from a dense reinforced concrete. Another layer is heat insulating.
2. It is located on the outer side and is covered with cement-sandy solution.
3. The carrier layer is inside the premises and simultaneously serves for vapor barrier.

Three-layer type of product

Most of all reinforced concrete three-layer wall panels are now in demand.

1. The basis of the three-layer plate is the outer carrier side, the indoor panel is attached to it. Due to the interval between them, thermal losses in the structure are reduced.
2. The heat insulator in such products can serve mineral wool, fibrololite based on cement, phenosilicate, polyurethane.
3. Three-layer plates have typical sizes and are different in their thickness. It is elected by the designers, based on the climate conditions of the terrain and the heat engineering parameters of the building.
4. This type of panels produce from a mixture or severe types of concrete having a class not lower than B-12.5.
5. Reinforced products with welded grids or bulk steel frames. All metal parts of the plates are protected by anti-corrosion primers.
6. The characteristics of the three-layer panels for walls are determined by the norms of GOST No. 31310/2005 and GOST No. 13015/2003.
7. If it is necessary to process plates when they are installed, reinforced concrete cutting diamond circles.

Product size

1. The main criterion for choosing wall slabs with their own hands is their size. They should be indicated in the project of the building, taking into account its design schemes and floor plans.
2. Dimensions and thickness, magnitude and number of openings, the technical characteristics of the panels are determined based on the project.
3. Typical sizes of plates for residential buildings: height is equal to one floor, the width is equal to one or two rooms. External panels have door and window openings. Plates for partitions are solid or have doorways.
4. Panels for industrial facilities have a length of 6 meters, 9 and 12.

Note!
Wall plate thickness should be chosen based on climate conditions in your area.
Also have great importance to the heat engineering qualities of the construction materials used.
Manufacturers produce products having a thickness of 20/50 centimeters

Marking products

Make a panel with letters and numbers through a dash.

1. The first group indicates the type of plate and its dimensions: length, height (in decimeters), thickness (in centimeters).
2. The following fragment determines the class and type of concrete: L - light, t - heavy, I am celly.
3. The third part reports the additional qualities of products.

For example:

• seismic resistance View more than 7 points - C;
• frost resistance below -40 degrees - m;
• permeability: especially low - o, reduced - n, normal - N.

This brand group includes instructions on the design properties of products:

• their form;
• configuration of the ends;
• type and location of openings, if any;
• shape of the stroke (if present) in the adjoins of adjacent elements;
• type and location of rewards of fittings and mortgages;
• the presence of a reinforcing structure for lowering loads due to the uneven deformations of the foundation.

Let us give an example of marking: PST 598-300-20.

• PST - three-layer wall panel;

598 cm - its length;

300 cm - its height;

20 cm - its width.

Output

Reinforced concrete panels of fences, walls and overlaps are an integral part of modern mass construction. The use of new technologies, materials and design solutions in their manufacture makes it possible to optimize the construction of buildings.

If you meet the video in this article, you will get even a lot of useful information.