Expensive timber varieties are excellent raw materials to create furniture items, but not all people can afford such expensive products. In order to save valuable wood and reducing the value of the final product and was invented veneer. This material today is extremely popular for facing of furniture. A 100% veneer repeats the pattern, texture and shade of natural wood.

To create a veneer on production use special machines. Veneer happens:

• lutch
• strogian
• sawn

Accordingly, the machine for the production of veneer is three types.

For the implementation of the veneer plums, the raw materials must be predetermined by steam in order to increase the plasticity. After that, the ridges are served on a rowing machine, where the bark is removed from the blank, and with it dirt and sand, which often become the reason for the rapid blunt knives. With the help of saws, the ridges are reusable on the churages of a certain length. Chuchura must be prejudiced, after which you can start to the brush. A veneer tape, which comes out of the loft, put on the conveyor serving it to the scissors. Scissors cut veneer on the sheets of the required format. On the pipeline, the veneer is stacked in a pack, which is made from under scissors and with the help of an electrical loader is delivered to the dryer. The products are dried in the roller dryer, then on the conveyor, it is sorted and folded in the packs in packs. Defective sheets can be glued. If there are bitch on the sheets, they are sent to a venerable machine where the flaws are removed and decorated with inserts from the veneer.

Such a veneer machine allows you to get a sheet material with a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm from a variety of timber varieties. Most machines have a system that allows you to automatically install a log for subsequent processing.

In order to improve the performance and convenience of the operator, the machine operator is equipped with hydraulic center lifts, which themselves determine the appropriate axis of rotation of the workpiece and combine it with the axis of rotation of the centering shafts.

The brutalous wood is used for pine, olhovy, birch timber. From the implant veneer make Phaneur.

First of all, the ridges are subjected to cross-cutting. During this procedure, the ridges are split into segments of the required length. All segments are cut along, as a result of which a two-way timber is formed. Sometimes it is collected in half. After that, the wires are subjected to heat processing in a steady chamber or autoclave.

Next, the baths need to be stigled on a sponical machine. The planed veneer is dried in roller dryers, peel and pack in packs. Each set includes a specific pattern. Tint and pattern of wood should match each set. It is for this reason that the sheets of veneer, which are obtained from each bath during planing, fold, dried and pack in packs exactly in order, in which they came out of a planing machine. When three baths are placed simultaneously, the veneer from each of them is folded in three different packs. Mannaya, dried, Packaged and pulled twine packs of veneer is called a tin.

The machine for the manufacture of veneer allows you to create from expensive varieties of timber, which are distinguished by an unusual texture, thin sheets. Such material is great for pherling. Methods for creating a veneer:

• radial
• tangential
• radial-tangential
• tangential-end.

The most attractive raw material to create a veneer is oak wood. Such a veneer is used to clamp rustic items of the furniture of the elite segment.

In addition to the oak veneer in specialized stores, you can meet maple, beech, lime material, as well as from mahogany.

Veneer is cut on specialized devices. It is distinguished by a rather thin and fragile structure. In order to separate the surface with a veneer, it must be combined with each other to obtain a web rolled into rolls. Veneer is connected in two ways:

• slace
• stitching.

These methods are equally popular on furniture industries. Steps of veneer are carried out on a machine or manually. For small workshops, manual devices for gluing or stitching veneer are developed. With the help of a special device, the adhesive or thermal is heated, and in the form of a zigzag is applied to the main side.

Today, machines for stitching veneer are small devices that function offline. Managing such a machine is carried out by one specialist. All work on them is made clearly, high quality and fast enough.

Manual stitching meets more and more often, in antique, restoration and copyright workshops.

Copy machines are very helpful in creating a specific detail on the template for parties of a small volume. The copier-milling machine is used both at enterprises engaged in product production for large wholesale customers and in small workshops, as well as for use. Industrial machines are capable of creating products in almost unlimited quantity. However, in this article we will tell about how to make a copy-milling machine with their own hands for small-scale furniture production.

21 March

When building models often have to use veneer of various thickness. Usually the necessary thickness is obtained by grinding with a fungus with an eyebread pasted on the end, inserted into the cartridge of the drilling machine. This is the most accessible method, but it has a number of shortcomings: low performance, the inability to process a veneer with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, because due to rotation, the fungus veneer breaks out of the hands and breaks, and, finally, the main drawback is a big air pollution wood dust . Treat more than three-four plates does not even succeed in the respirator.

All these shortcomings are deprived of a grinding machine that works on the principle of counter milling. It was made (with the exception of welding work) in the conditions of the aircraft model laboratory. In its design there are no scarce details and materials.
All machine nodes are attached on the basis of a parallelepiped with dimensions 200x265x340 mm, welded from steel corners 40x40x4 mm. The base is welded, in addition, two brackets made from channel number 8 for fastening the hooks of the drum bearings.
The drum (the main working body) and its pulley - cast. Al-25 aluminum alloy is used as a material, from which car engines are made. The pistons are melted in a muffle stove, and then molded in a sandy form. Holes in the drum under the swivel bolt-clamp of the skins and the counter bolt should be drilled symmetrically relative to its axis. By the way, the mass of the first (together with the "dog" by the lock) and the mass of the second should be equal. Otherwise, a vibration will appear as a result of the imbalance, which will lead to premature wear of bearings and will affect the operation of the machine.

Bearing housings are welded. The final size of the bearings in the housings is mounted after welding. The drum is driven by rotation with a clinoremable transmission from an electric motor with a capacity of at least 300 W, with a number of revolutions per minute from three to five thousand, with a fairly large starting point, since the drum has a pretty decent mass, despite the fact that it is completed from aluminum alloy. Collector electric motors are responsible for this requirement. I used a motor from a domestic electric trailer.

It is fundamentally important in the design of the grinding machine proposed by me is the presence of a system of suction of contaminated sawdust and wood dust of air. This system makes the machine with an environmentally friendly and more "comfortable" when working, as it allows you to do without a respirator. For suction sawdust used centrifugal fan-supercharger of the car heating system of the car, which is installed on the threaded end of the drum axis. Such a "vacuum cleaner" is not inferior to the household aggregate.
The fan casing is attached to the bearing bracket with the help of screws, allowing you to quickly remove it when the need arises to replace the wear skirt. On the discharge nozzle is put on a bag of tight fabric for collecting sawdust. The suction hole of the fan casing is connected to the cavity of the drum housing using a nozzle. The nozzle is spilled out of fiberglass on a foam blank, which is then combed with acetone. The cavity of the drum housing is formed by two concentric shells, welded to the flexible flanges. The inner of them can be welded with an intermittent seam, and the outer - necessarily solid, in order to avoid pressure losses. The distance between the shells is selected from the condition of equality of the area of \u200b\u200bthe suction opening of the fan casing of the area of \u200b\u200btwo slots formed by the shells. In the front slot absorbed sawdust ejected by the drum when grinding, and in the rear - sawdust, which are captured by the skin and are ejected by the centrifugal force of the drum.

The housings of the drum and belt transmission and the casing of the base of the machine are made of a steel sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The axis of the drum is derived from steel 30, and the remaining parts are made of steel 10.

Operation to refuel the skins is simple and quite visually shown in the figure. The skins stretching is carried out with the help of a "doggy" lever, which is skiing on the square part of the turning bolt of the skin and locking in one of five positions.
The table is made of a steel sheet with a thickness of 10 mm and has dimensions of 180x350 mm. Its working surface should be smooth, if possible, grounded on the plane oxyl-blade machine. The table, hinged on the base, rises and lowers with the help of an adjusting bolt, which makes it possible to get a veneer with a thickness of 0.3 to 30 mm. The required size is set according to a ruler screwed to the base. The ruler is graded with the help of dimensional bars clamping between the drum and the table.
About the good productivity of the machine eloquently shows the fact that in one pass can be removed "chips" with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm.

Expensive timber varieties are excellent raw materials to create furniture items, but not all people can afford such expensive products. In order to save valuable wood and reducing the value of the final product and was invented veneer. This material today is extremely popular for facing of furniture. A 100% veneer repeats the pattern, texture and shade of natural wood.

To create a veneer on production use special machines. Veneer happens:

• lutch
• strogian
• sawn

Accordingly, the machine for the production of veneer is three types.

Luxury machine for veneer

For the implementation of the veneer plums, the raw materials must be predetermined by steam in order to increase the plasticity. After that, the ridges are served on a rowing machine, where the bark is removed from the blank, and with it dirt and sand, which often become the reason for the rapid blunt knives.

With the help of saws, the ridges are reusable on the churages of a certain length. Chuchura must be prejudiced, after which you can start to the brush. A veneer tape, which comes out of the loft, put on the conveyor serving it to the scissors. Scissors cut veneer on the sheets of the required format.

On the pipeline, the veneer is stacked in a pack, which is made from under scissors and with the help of an electrical loader is delivered to the dryer. The products are dried in the roller dryer, then on the conveyor, it is sorted and folded in the packs in packs. Defective sheets can be glued.

If there are bitch on the sheets, they are sent to a venerable machine where the flaws are removed and decorated with inserts from the veneer.

Such a veneer machine allows you to get a sheet material with a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm from a variety of timber varieties. Most machines have a system that allows you to automatically install a log for subsequent processing.

In order to improve the performance and convenience of the operator, the machine operator is equipped with hydraulic center lifts, which themselves determine the appropriate axis of rotation of the workpiece and combine it with the axis of rotation of the centering shafts.

The brutalous wood is used for pine, olhovy, birch timber. From the implant veneer make Phaneur.

Machine for planing veneer

First of all, the ridges are subjected to cross-cutting. During this procedure, the ridges are split into segments of the required length. All segments are cut along, as a result of which a two-way timber is formed. Sometimes it is collected in half. After that, the wires are subjected to heat processing in a steady chamber or autoclave.

Next, the baths need to be stigled on a sponical machine. The planed veneer is dried in roller dryers, peel and pack in packs. Each set includes a specific pattern. Tint and pattern of wood should match each set.

It is for this reason that the sheets of veneer, which are obtained from each bath during planing, fold, dried and pack in packs exactly in order, in which they came out of a planing machine. When three baths are placed simultaneously, the veneer from each of them is folded in three different packs.

Mannaya, dried, Packaged and pulled twine packs of veneer is called a tin.

The machine for the manufacture of veneer allows you to create from expensive varieties of timber, which are distinguished by an unusual texture, thin sheets. Such material is great for pherling. Methods for creating a veneer:

• radial
• tangential
• radial-tangential
• tangential-end.

The most attractive raw material to create a veneer is oak wood. Such a veneer is used to clamp rustic items of the furniture of the elite segment.

In addition to the oak veneer in specialized stores, you can meet maple, beech, lime material, as well as from mahogany.

Machine for stitching veneer

Veneer is cut on specialized devices. It is distinguished by a rather thin and fragile structure. In order to separate the surface with a veneer, it must be combined with each other to obtain a web rolled into rolls. Veneer is connected in two ways:

These methods are equally popular on furniture industries. Steps of veneer are carried out on a machine or manually. For small workshops, manual devices for gluing or stitching veneer are developed. With the help of a special device, the adhesive or thermal is heated, and in the form of a zigzag is applied to the main side.

Today, machines for stitching veneer are small devices that function offline. Managing such a machine is carried out by one specialist. All work on them is made clearly, high quality and fast enough.

Manual stitching meets more and more often, in antique, restoration and copyright workshops.

Source: http://wood-prom.ru/clauses/promyshlennoe-oborudovanie/stanok-dlya-shpona.

How to Phaneru Move: Preparation of logs, otlindering and brushing, cutting on sheets, drying in the press, pruning, sorting and warehousing

All photos from the article

The topic of this article is the manufacture of plywood. We will get acquainted with the full cycle of its production - from the hammers of wood trunks, until the finished material is shipped to the warehouse. In addition, we will find out whether Phaneur can be produced at home.

One of the production stages is the serve log in the briefing machine.

The production cycle

It consists of several stages:

At some stages it is worth stopping a little more.

Preparation of logs

What is the plywood with a full production cycle?

1. From the trunks of coniferous and deciduous trees;
2. From the binder - adhesives based on artificial resins.

The most typical material of plywood is pine and birch. Several less often apply Fir, larch, cedar, spruce, poplar, alder, linden, aspen and beech.

Please note: coniferous and delicate plywood varies with mechanical strength and is made according to different GOST - 3919.1-96 and 3919.2-96, respectively.

Clean and devoid of boring logs circle (cleaned from the crust) and manually cut or on the tracing machine on the segments of the same length. In winter, the trunks are predetermined in a bath with warm water to impart frozen wood with the necessary plasticity.

Barrel.

Cylindridization and brush

As a rule, these two operations are performed on one machine. Initially, the workpiece is given a cylindrical form; Then a layer of wood with a thickness of about a millimeter is removed from it along the tapered spiral. The remaining cuttings in production is not used.

Cutting on lists

It is accompanied by sorting material. Defective sheets of sheets are cut out; The stripes are small (less than 1.5 m) widths can be used for gluing to a whole sheet.

Slicing veneer on sheets and primary sorting.

Then the knone passes the adhesive, where it is missing binder.

Help: In the production of plywood FC is used carbamide-formaldehyde resin.
The so-called FSF technical plywood gluits with phenolformaldehyde resins, which makes it possible to attribute this production to the category of harmful.

Drying in the press

For drying sheets, a hydraulic press with heating plates overheated steam is used. Typical drying temperature is about 200 degrees. The duration of this part of the cycle is from 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on the thickness of the sheet.

Drying is carried out at intensive forced ventilation of the room: as already mentioned, formaldehyde is not good for health.

Unloading from the press.

Trimming

Exceeded leaf is an unclean sandwich with uneven edges. To turn into a ready-made product for sale, it passes trimming on a sawing machine.

Please note: according to the requirements of GOST, the sheet edges must be strictly perpendicular to each other.
Koshina can be no more than 2 mm on the trafficphone meter.

Sorting

The quality of plywood is determined visually and, depending on the appearance of the surface, it allows you to attribute it to one of the varieties - from the elite to the fourth.

The main defects include:

• Live and drop-down swirls;
• Separated and uninstalled cracks;
• Healthy and painful color changes.

The price of the sheet, depending on the variety, can vary twice or more.

It is especially worth noting two facts:

1. For material E (elite), even sharp color transitions and substantial changes in the structure of the surface layer of the veneer are not allowed;

The photo allows you to estimate the difference between elite and other varieties.

1. The bundle of the veneer immediately sends a sheet into marriage regardless of the variety.

Storage

Installed vertically or tilted plywood stove is able to deform under its own weight due to the flow of binding layers of the resin veneer.

In addition: fermentation can change the color of the upper layer on bright sunlight.

That is why the instructions contained in domestic standards the sheets of warehousing of sheets prescribes them strictly in a certain way:

• indoors with constant humidity;
• protected from direct sunlight;
• in a horizontal position laid on pallets or lining.

Storage material.

A special case

To avoid confusion in terminology, it is worth explaining one subtlety. Contrary to the name, perforated plywood does not have a layered material from the veneer.

This is the name of the HDF (high density tree fiberboard, it is the pressed organic) with the holes done in it at equal intervals. The material is used when displaying showcases, as panels of cabinet and interior doors, etc.

Perforated HDF.

crazy hands

Can ordinary plywood produced in a small private workshop? At the full cycle - hardly, too, too overall equipment is required for sprinkling, bodies of trunks and veneer peels. But glue the veneer to the finished sheets at home is quite possible.

Why do you need it? For example, for the production of the so-called engineering parquet board, consisting of FC plywood with a layer of hard rock veneer glued on it.

The most obvious way to establish handicraft production - buy adhesive and press, good equipment for the production of plywood b y is quite affordable. However, if the plywood will be made not for sale, but solely for the sake of repair in his own home, it simply will not pay off.

The "B" plan consists in a cold shone gluing with a finished plywood sheet:

Casting plywood veneer noble breeds.

1. And laid on a flat base sheet, and the back side of the veneer is labeled with PVA glue;
2. The veneer is laid on the surface of the sheet and smoothed;
3. The billet is pressed by a sheet of thick (22 - 27 mm) plywood and is dragging 300 - 400 kg weighing, as evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Full drying glue takes about a day. After this time, the sheet is cut on the boards of the desired size on the usual stationary circular. Then the milling machine or manual milling mill with a guide is used to remove the chamfer depth of about a millimeter.

The appearance of the resulting material will not give way to the parquet.

Please note: for obvious reasons, the parquet made in this way can only be placed on glue.
In the absence of clicking locks about floating laying, it is not about.

Conclusion

Source: https://rubankom.com/materialy/prizvodnye/fanera/1917-kak-delayut-Faneru.

Pereosnastka.ru.

Lulting machine design

TOmanager:

Manufacture of glued plywood

Lulting machine design

Lulting machines according to technical indicators are subdivided: - at the highest distance between spindle centers. This distance determines the maximum possible length of the knife and the length of churakov to be untoured.

The most common machines for the brushing of Churakov with a length of 1350, 1650, 1950 mm. The length of the Churakka is determined by the dimensions of the veneer sheets;

In the height of the spindle centers above the bed.

The height of the centers is determined by the largest radius of the Churaku with the allowance of 100-150 mm.

Domestic machines are designed for raw bottom of the raw material with a diameter of 60-70 cm. Foreign firms produce machines for the brushing of Churakov with a diameter of more than 80 cm.

The Luxury Machine LU-17-4 consists of the following main parts: beds, two spindle grandmothers, the caliper of the kinematic node, a pressure mechanism, a centering and loading device.

The window of the machine is used to attach all the main parts of the machine, the perception of dynamic cutting loads and auxiliary discharge operations.

The bed is a rigid welded frame from foreign beams on which cast-iron spindle grandmothers are installed. The frame has a slot for emission of a pencil down to the conveyor.

Spindel grandmothers (right and left) are served to fix the churak and give him a rotational movement.

In fig. 2 shows the incision of the right spindle grandmother. The spindle grandma has two telescopic spindles with appropriate cams.

The presence of a large cam makes it possible to avoid split churaks in the initial period of peels, and the small cam makes it possible to brought a pencil with a diameter of up to 70 mm.

Clamp chuck on the machine as follows.

Fig. 1. Machine LO-17-4:
1 - Stanina, 2 - left spindle grandma, 3 - center-loading device, 4 - welded beam, 5 - clamping rollers, 6 - right spindle grandmother, 7 - Churakka clamp mechanism, 8 - hydraulic drive, 9 - hollow shaft, 10 - cast iron beam, 11 - Caliper, 12 - Accelerated caliper movement, 13 - electric motor, 14 - Churakov's feed mechanism

The pump serves an oil from the hydraulic system into the distributor. The piston under pressure moves the rod in the large hydraulic cylinder by up to 150 mm. The piston rod, rigidly associated with a movable bearing node of a small spindle, is also moving to the length of the hydraulic cylinder. A small spindle is fixed on the bearings node of a small spindle. The latter, fluently moving inside the hollow large spindle, chopped chirak with a cam.

The incision of the right spindle grandmother Machine Lou-17-4:
1 - Piston, 2 - large hydraulic cylinder, 3 - piston rod, 4 - Movable bearing node of small spindle, 5 - body, 6 - walled sleeve, 7- gear screen, 8 - gear, 9- sprinkle springs, 10 - star , 11 - Galza, 12-hidden large spindle, 13 - small cam, 14 - large cam, 15 - small spindle, 16 - spherical roller bearings, 17 - slotted sleeve of a large spindle, 18 - lever, 19 - movable bearing node of the big spindle , 20 - Slots, 21 - Shponka, 22 - Sliding swipes, 23-small hydraulic cylinder, 24 - small piston with stock, 25 - Stud

The oil simultaneously enters large and small hydraulic cylinders. The small piston moves down towards the Churakka and, acting on the lever, shifts the movable bearing knot of a large spindle. The magnitude of the displacement of the small piston with the rod depends on the size of the small hydraulic cylinder and is 150 mm. The hollow high spindle is fixed in the movable bearing node moves to the specified value and clamps a large chuck cam.

Thus, two spindle simultaneously clamp chug fixed on them cams. The work of the left spindle is similar to the work of the right.

After the clamp of the Churaku, rotational movement from the main shaft through the gear. The rotating gear through the key leads to a rotation of the sleeve, which with the help of a slotter 6 rotates a hollow large spindle. The big spindle through the slotted sleeve of a large spindle leads to rotation of a small spindle.

Sliding swords protect movable bearing nodes from rotation; At the same time, they are guided by the horizontal movement of these nodes.

In the process of brushing, when the briefing knife is suitable for a rotating fist of a large spindle, a hydraulic system returns a large spindle to the initial position. The same happens when the long knife approaches the fists of a small spindle.

The oil supply system to the hydraulic cylinders to return the spindles to its original position was shown in Fig. one.

Connecting the hydraulic system to spindle grandmas occurs in such a way that when the oil is applied to the pistons of large and small hydraulic cylinders, these pistons are returned to its original position. Thanks to the hollow structure of a large spindle and a slotted compound of two spindles, their independent movement relative to each other in the horizontal plane is achieved.

Thanks to the use of spindle grandmothers, it became possible to dreamed Chuchura to a diameter of up to 70 mm on the LU-17-4 machine, refusing to use small brine machines on this operation.

The supporting machine caliper is designed to fix the knife, adjustment, settings and to give it a reciprocating movement (to the churaku and back).

The caliper consists of two side slides moving along the horizontal removable parallels located on the machine bed; knife traverse - for fastening and adjusting the leading knife; Traverts of the clamping line - for mounting and adjusting the clamping machine line; Two caliper screws communicating reciprocating movement.

The caliper has additional top and bottom guides with which the knife traverse is connected and with which the cutting angle changes during chunks of Churakov. The presser ruler is connected to a knife traverse eccentric shaft.

The mechanism of Pressing Chugger eliminates the deflection of the Churak at the end of the plums under the action of cutting forces.

This mechanism consists of a cast-iron beam, fixed on the hollow shaft, two pairs of clamping rollers, the hydraulic cylinder of moving the rollers mounted on a steel welded beam connecting both grandmother machine, as well as devices for adjusting the synchronization of the movement of knives and presser rollers. The clip of the presser rollers is highly connected to the beam and with a hydraulic cylinder rod. The hollow tree pin is installed in the bearings, which are attached to the bars of the machine.

The kinematic node of the machine is used to communicate the working bodies of the machine (caliper and spindle grandmothers) and give them working movements.

In fig. 3 shows the kinematic diagram of the Luxury Machine LU-17-4. Screenwined and squeezed in the spindles of the chug machine (the operation of the centering and loading device will be described below) is driven from the main shaft through the gears. The main shaft is connected to the electric motor through the clinorem transmission and the electromagnetic coupling.

Kinematic diagram of the Luxury Machine Lou-17-4:
1 - Chief Electric Motor, 2 and 22 - Klinorem Transmission, 3 - Electromagnetic Coupling, 4, 5, 6 - Gears, 7 - Chief Shaft, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 18 - Stars, 11 - Intermediate shaft, 12 - The right hollow tree, 13 - cam coupling, 14 - transmission shaft, 15 - left hollow shaft, 19, 20 - conical gears, 21 - Sugper shaft, 23 - electric motor of accelerated supply and removal of caliper, 24 - Sugper screws, 25 - pistons Hydraulic cylinder of the tracking system, 26 - Pneumatic cylinders of Churakov Center, 27 - The mechanism of filing Churakov, 28 - handle of switching accelerated and working caliper feed, 29 - electromagnet; A, B, B, G - replaceable gears set of veneer thicknesses

The left spindle is driven by the main wool also through the gears. The gear, rotating the sleeve of the right spindle, tells the rotation of the asterisk. An asterisk with a wool-roller chain is connected to an intermediate shaft through an asterisk, rigidly fixed on an intermediate shaft.

The shaft leads to rotation the right hollow shaft through the replaceable gears A, B, B, and the city through the cam clutch, planted on the sliding key, rotation from the hollow shaft is transmitted to the transmission shaft.

After an asterisk, rigidly fixed on the shaft, and the flush-based rotation chain is transmitted to the compart shaft through an asterisk.

The system of conical gear, leads to a movement of caliper screws, and the last is a caliper that moves along the guide to the rotating churak. The translational movement of the caliper is carried out due to the comparting nuts, harshly associated with the body of the caliper.

The value of the caliper feed for one turnover of the churakka, i.e.

the thickness of the removable veneer depends on the location of the replaceable gears A, B, B, and G, since the rigid connection in all the links of the kinematic scheme, except for replaceable gears A, B, B, and G, provides a constant gear ratio.

The table shows that the change in veneer thickness from 0.2 to 3.2 mm is reached mainly by changing the gear and with a mutual location of the block gear (b - c) in two positions.

By the end of the brush, when the diameter of the Churakka will approach the diameter of the small fist of the spindle, the operating feed of the caliper stops when the cam clutch is translated into the neutral position of the handle. A single-time electromagnetic coupling is removed from the connection with the pulley of the clinorem transmission and the rotation of the pencil in the spindles is stopped.

With the help of an electromagnetic clutch, you can stop the movement of the main shaft, without turning off the main electric motor, which is advisable economically, since the starting moments when the electrode is turned on, we have a negatively affecting the power supply of the enterprise.

The hydraulic system returns spindles to its original position, and the pencil through the slot in the bed is removed by the conveyor from the workshop.

The rotation of the caliper shaft in the opposite direction towards the operating motion of the electric motor through the clinorem transmission is returned to the main position. The caliper is fed to the initial position on the accelerated feed, which gives a significant time gain. After that, the electric motor is turned off. In this position, the briefing machine is ready for the brimple of the next Churak. Next, the operation is repeated as indicated above.

In addition to the working feed, which provides a veneer of a given thickness, the longing machine has an accelerated feed, which is used in the initial period of pendant to remove large irregularities on the churak.

The inclusion of accelerated feed is made by the clutch of the left hollow shaft. The rotation of the shaft through the coupling is transmitted to the shaft. Next, the rotation is transmitted as at the working feed. Rotation of the shaft 15 is carried out from fallen asterlers and a flocker-roller chain.

In this case, the system of replaceable gears A, B, in the IG is disabled and does not accept participation.

After the end of the sprinkle (at the accelerated caliper feed) move the cam clutch with a handle, thereby turning off the shaft and including shaft. Next occurs the process of discharge on the working feed. The electromagnet is used to automatically transfer the cam coupling to the neutral position.

Fig. 4. Diagram of the device of the centering and loading device:
1 - freely rotating axis, 2- pneumatic cylinder, 3 - lever, 4 - load, 5 - upper gear, 6 - sector without teeth, 7 - ticky seizures, 8 - two-way crane, 9 - Lower gear, 10 - gear sectors

The centering-loading device is used to properly center the Churakka, i.e. reduce the cut of the veneer during the brushiness process, and to load the churak in the briefing machine.

In the briefing machines, they are as a rule, as a rule, the centering-loading device of the system A. Zhukova, V. P. Banko and A. A. Poroshina. Thanks to this adaptation, it was possible to simultaneously perform the center of the Churak and feed it to the spindles of the lateral machine.

The centering and loading device consists of two pneumatic cylinders that are freely rotating on the axes attached to the bed of the sub-machine. On the protruding hubs of the lower gears, levers with split clamps are strengthened, which allows to mount the levers on the hub in any position. The levers are hinged with rods of pneumatic cylinders.

The rise and centering of the Churakka is carried out by turning the handle of the two-way crane. At the same time, compressed air enters pneumatic cylinders. When lifting the pistons of rods, the levers are rotated, which, with the help of gears and gears, reduce ticks to contact them with the surface of the Churak.

During the clamp of Churakka, spindles occurs its axial movement. The irregularity of the Churak can somewhat dissolve the sponge of the ticky captures due to the air compression in the cylinders, without creating an additional effort in the links.

Pressing gripping speed is regulated by the degree of opening of the air crane.

The breeding of ticky seizures is carried out under the action of goods fixed at the ends of the levers, or springs, as shown in Fig. 19. Turning a two-way crane handle, open the air outlet.

The device operates at a pressure of 4- 4.5 ATI. The air flow per loft machine is 0.7 m3 / h. The upper and lower mites are fixed on the shafts with the help of end-to-end prism knipes in the appropriate positions in relation to the toothed sectors.

Regulation of the mutual position of the upper and lower mites, ensuring the symmetry of their movement (from which the accuracy of the centering depends) is carried out using a special device. Upper sectors of this device double. The sector without teeth is tightly bonded with the axis of the upper clash, and the toothed sector sits on the axis freely and is associated with the upper gear. It can shift relative to the sector and hard to fasten with it in the desired position.

To increase the accuracy of the centering, the angle of the forks is adjusted to 90 °, the lower forks are rigidly connected to the ticks, and the upper left are freely rotating in the fingers. To eliminate the seat of the caliper on the ticks (with their incomplete dilution), electrical output is installed on the machine.

In addition to listed above the main parts, the briefing machine also has a mechanism for the supply of churakov, hydraulic engine, electrical equipment with red lock.

The briefing machine was invented at the end of the XIX century. Without this equipment, today it is simply impossible to present the production of plywood and the manufacture of matches. Over the past year, many years have been created a lot of designs and modifications of machine tools, but the principle remained the same: cut off with short log cabins thin wood tape.

But with many advantages among traditional longing machines, there are also serious disadvantages of the design associated with the need to use cams that drive into the ends of Churakov and force them to rotate. Often, Chuhograph turns into cams and further pushing becomes impossible. As a rule, this is due to the core rot, especially common in the aspen churages. As a result, the so-called checkers are obtained - large diameter wrappers, unsuitable for further processing on the submool machine.

Another disadvantage of traditional imitation techniques - the loss of wood in the form of residues from the pendulum, the so-called pencils. The diameter of the "Pencil" depends on the diameter of the internal cams of the machine and the length of the churak. With the length of the churak, 1.6 m diameter "Pencil" is usually 75 mm, and with a length of 2.5 m - up to 100 mm. Wood losses are 10-12% of the volume of the churak.

Fig. 1. Scheme of the sceplite brief

The desire to get rid of these flaws led equipment designers to the idea of \u200b\u200ba cobbled brine. For the first time, this idea was implemented by RAUTE (Finland) in the 1990s (Fig. 1) in the machines for the removed Churakov with a maximum diameter of 400 mm and a length of 1.7 and 2.8 m.

The rotation of Churakov in the machine was carried out due to drive corrugated rollers located at an angle of 120 ° to each other. The Upper Valet served simultaneously with the clamping ruler, and the lower moved straightly as the diameter of the churak decreases. Each roller is equipped with an individual hydraulic drive. In the process of disturbing, the knife caliper turned a little relative to the churak, which ensured the optimal parameters of the churab detonation to the diameter of the pencil of 50 mm. The position of the shafts, the thickness of the veneer and the cutting angle were adjusted by micro-computer. The diameter of the Churakka was measured before it was submitted to the machine to determine the lumen between the shafts.

The technology of sheospundel plums of veneer in Europe for some reason did not receive development, but extensively spreading in Asian countries. In Southeast Asia, in many enterprises, there is a silent pushing of fine raw materials and pencils. Typically, the loft line consists of a thrusting machine, a sheosphelmil, a brief machine with rotary scissors.

Fig. 2. RD2800 RAUTE veneer line

In the thrust-rounding machine, the chug is clamped with three drive gear rollers and is driven. A knife, similar to the loft, removes the bark and irregularities, gives the churakki cylindrical shape. The initial diameter of the Churakka is up to 500 mm, after the otillization - no more than 360 mm.

The transmitting conveyor aligns the churabs and serves them on a sheospill longing machine, equipped with three driving rollers with a shallow notch and a brief knife. The maximum diameter of the Churak - 360 mm. Pencil diameter - 30-40 mm depending on the machine model. The thickness of the resulting veneer is from 1.0 to 3.0 mm. Linear vectors - 40 m / min. After the discontinuity, the veneer enters the rotary scissors, where automatic mode is cut into format sheets.

The technology of ravenment of thin churakov will be interested in Russian enterprises, which have to work in our difficult conditions. Chinese longing machines also work in Russia, for example, at the Investformist plywood plant in the village of Suslunger in the Republic of Mari El, at the Ufa fan-slab plant, at the Satis-Furniture plant near the Nizhny Novgorod.

Weihai Hanvy's latest offer from China - HVPL1326 line with a collar-rounded machine and a cnc sheemens HXQ2700 with an electronics from Scheider. The new machine for the sheospundel peel is designed to process churakov with a length of 2.6 m and a maximum diameter of 500 mm. The diameter of the pencil is 40 mm, the vectum speed is 40-100 m / min. The machine provides a change in the knife tilt angle during the pendulum, pneumatic tool fastening and automatic veneer thickness control.

Fig. 3. Cutpindable Luxury Machine D1700 G26 and its work scheme

RAUTE did not leave the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a sceplite-loft machine and developed the RD1400, RD1700 lines (Fig. 3) and the RD2800, as part of each of which four units with the necessary transport links: a thrusting machine, a long-saw machine, rotary scissors and a veneer vacuum stacker ( Fig. 2).

Raw materials (setpoints of a given length) are fed to the transverse conveyor with dosing stops. In the process, the ham and the otlinders of the churages acquire the cylindrical shape needed for distances and are transmitted to the leading machine using another transverse conveyor.

Fig. 4. Scheme of the zone of the plums with a pressure roller

The kinematic scheme of the machine has undergone fundamental changes in comparison with previous models. Chuzura is fed to the machine from above, then pressed to two drive rollers with a shallow notch, which are installed on a single caliper. In the roller caliper, the roller caliper hydraulic caliper, and in the loft - electromechanical machine. The third roller is located on a fixed caliper with a long-dimensional knife and plays the role of a pressure line (Fig. 4).

Chuhography in the machine is self-centering in three points. When the roller caliper is applied forward, the chug is pressed to a knife caliper, and the veneer is performed. The thickness of the veneer is set from the control panel control panel between the knife and the clamping roller, during the discharge, the cutting angle is automatically changing to ensure optimal parameters of the pendant (Fig. 5).

In the chain behind the brief machine, rotary scissors for feeding veneer are installed. They handle the front edge of the veneer tape, separating format veneer and waste. The front edge of the veneer sheet is recognized using photocells. Next, the passage of veneer on the chain is controlled by a pulse coding device. The cutting is performed when the knife is rotated located above the lower rubber roller. Three knives are installed on the knife on the knife. The autonomous sensor of the recognition system controls the start and stopping the cutting of the veneer.

Fig. 5. Changing cutting angle during Churaki

Behind the scissors is the output conveyor with a suspension device for cutting off the flux of pieces and non-format veneer. Recognition is carried out using photocells. Next, the passage of veneer over the line is monitored using a pulsed coding device.

Three knives are installed on the knife shaft. The cutting of the veneer is performed when the knife is rotated located above the lower rubber roller. The autonomous sensor of the recognition system controls the start and stopping the process of cutting veneer.

After scissors, there is an output conveyor with a suspension device for cutting off pieces and non-format veneer from the stream. Recognition is carried out with the help of photocells installed in front of the gallery. The format sheets of the veneer are laid by a stoppoter on the lift (in the base model there may be one or two lifts). Stage height control is controlled by a photocell. The full stop of the veneer is rolled out of the stop-loader with the help of unparalleled roller. Under the line there is a transverse conveyor required length for waste disposal.

The Rautelite line is designed for the brushing of churakov from soft and solid wood wood 3/4/5/6/8 feet (0.9-2.4 m) and a diameter of 120-350 mm. After the otillization, the diameter of the Churak can be 80-300 mm, the diameter of the pencil is 30-35 mm. On the line you can get a high-quality veneer with a thickness of 1.2-2.2 mm with a multi-powerfulness of ± 0.1 millimeters.

It should be noted that the OPG system includes the OPG (Optimum Peeling Geometry) system, with which the roller feed speed is synchronized, changing the size of the gap between the knife and the presser roller, the change in the rear corner of the knife during the pearance. This system carries out total control of all process parameters - since the beginning of the discharge to remove the pencil, which allows to provide high stability of veneer thickness.

Such lines are unlikely to completely replace traditional longing machines, but they can take their niche in the line of equipment for the production of peeled veneer from small-sized raw materials and pencils. According to the author's calculations, the decrease in the diameter of the pencil from 75 to 35 mm makes it possible to increase the veneer output by 7.6% (with an average diameter of the Churak 240 mm), therefore, there is good prospects for the pencils and checked.

When this task is performed, the line is no longer needed to include a hammering machine. It is such a shortened line the company RAUTE put on the "Sveza Kostroma" plant, at the end of 2017 the line was beaten.

Vladimir Volynsky

The veneer of the wooden basis is also called the trowel. Sampling, as strictly speaking, pherling, implies with a gluing of thin plates of wood, veneer, on a wooden base. The basis is tables, doors, cabinets, walls and other wooden surfaces. In more detail, what kinds of trough there are, why do it and how to make veneering with your own hands, tell me in the article.

For which I spin furniture

Veneer is a thin plate of wood, as a rule, valuable breeds. A veneer is used to ensure that the usual, inexpensive tree, has become for all external signs, valuable, expensive rock.

As a result, the price of veneered furniture, at times lower than on the massif of the tree of valuable rocks. And the appearance is practically nothing inferior to the second.

In addition to benefit in cost, the use of veneer, gives ample opportunities for design. They can also enclose old furniture, thereby breathe in her the second life.

What types of veneering

The main types of veneering or fanagement are three types. Namely, hot, cold and membrane veneering.

The most affordable method for home use is the hot veneer method. Here the veneer is glued to the adhesive composition.

The remaining two types of veneering is a sharp and membrane, requires special machines and other production facilities. So, cold veneering is a veneer pressing. For this purpose, pressing devices or screw lines are used.

Membrane veneering is made on complex embossed surfaces. And based on vacuum connection smooth and relief plates and veneer

Process for veneering do it yourself

As we have spoken earlier, the most affordable way, for home use, is hot fanagement. You will need the following main materials and tools from the list:

• Basis for veneering
• Veneer from wood
• Plywood knife
• PVA glue
• Blank paper
• Roller or wooden bar, for grouting veneer
• Nazcachka
• Iron, the harder, the better
• Cutter

Preparatory work

Before proceeding with the veneer, you need to prepare veneer first. Natural origin veneer, often twisted into a roll. Veneer, can also be swarming and so on.

To give the veneer the correct position, moisten it with moistened with water, sponge, and put the plywood between the two sheets. And so that the excess moisture is left, run between plywood and veneer, on both sides of the veneer, packaging paper.

Most often, planed veneer is used for finishing furniture. These are narrow, but long sheets. The width of the planed veneer is usually not wider than 30 centimeters.

Therefore, after leveling and removing extra moisture from the surface of the veneer, we cut the sheets required. If, for example, you want to puncture the table, then the veneer must slightly perform ha edges of the base. Excess, at the end of the veneer process, you can cut or sand.

By the way, do not cut the veneer with a knife or scissors. Veneer can crack and cut from uneven to these devices. For cutting veneer, use a plywood knife or a planer.

Bonding veneer and base

PVA glue is applied on veneer and based on. Based on the base area. Best of all, glue missed twice. The first layer of glue is dry almost to complete drying so that the glue practically stopped sticking. We dry up the second layer.

The next step, heating the iron to 50 degrees. This is approximately the average temperature on the iron. And through a sheet of white paper irrigation veneer. After passing the iron, immediately begin to pull the roller or bar, veneer and base.