The main element of the roof design is a framework, since it accounts for a large mechanical load. For this reason, there are increased requirements for reliability, strength and durability.

Even when using the highest quality building materials for the roof improvement, if the roof frame is made with a violation of technology, the erected design will quickly come into disrepair.

It is possible to build a skeleton side of a small area of \u200b\u200bthe house independently, but subject to the right calculations, the ownership of construction skills and relevant theoretical preparation. As a result, it will be possible to save a considerable amount. If it's still decided to use the services of professional roofers, then the owner of the house will be able to keep the process of creating a frame under control.

The article describes the arrangement of the most common type of roofing - double. If the construction technology of such a roof framework is mastered, then other structures (for example, broken, tent) can be done without difficulty.

Features of the selection of the charter system

All systems rafters consist of rafter feet, which need to be connected to the top in pairwise. Below, these main elements of the frame are combined with a screed - it can also be the basis for the inter-storey attic overlap. But in the structural solution of systems there are features.

The fact is that the roof frames are equipped one of two types:

• clogged;
• hanging.

These both systems rafters found use in private housing construction.

As a rule, a specific choice depends on the design structure of the building. When the gap between the carrot walls is equal to no more than 6 meters, it is allowed to install a rafter system of a hanging type. Her feature is that the legs of the rafted are based on the side walls.

The urban design is of greater reliability and is used in the above distance, which exceeds 6 meters, and when the room has a bearing wall, built in the center of the house. In this case, you can abandon the saving option if you install an additional support.

Materials for roof frame

For the construction of a frame of a row roof, the rafters will be required primarily. They will presumably be made from wood. You can build the roof frame from boards with a cross section of 50x150 millimeters or from a bar with a cross section of 150x150 millimeters. It is desirable that this was the material of coniferous breeds, prepared in winter, and did not be resolved from it.

The presence in the wood of resinous substances, which are a natural antiseptic, noticeably prolong its service life. Important importance are the conditions for storing materials and the degree of their drying.

When the bars and boards are inspected, pay attention to the presence of a marriage - they can be cracks, bundles, the presence of traces of injuries from insects - woodworks. When these shortcomings are detected, the boards and the bars are not used.

In addition to lumber to arrange the framework of the frame, the LCBC and the metal chaserler will use, but then the roof is too heavy and it is impossible to build it yourself.

In addition to the rafter legs, racks and runs, of which the system consists of, the skeleton structure includes the church of the attic, a doomle and a counterclaim. In case the attic space is planned to be used as non-residential, then for the overlap device there will be enough boards with a cross section of 50x150 millimeters.

When the attic of the attic wants to equip the residential attic, then the overlap must be done reliable and for these purposes it will take a wooden bar having a section of 150x150 millimeters. It is placed on Mauerlat and thereby achieve the required strength.

For the arrangement of the crate and counterclaims, the bar is used, but only it should be more subtle. Suitable sawn timber with a cross-section of 40x40 or 50x50 millimeters. The bars having such dimensions are sufficiently strong to withstand the weight of the "cake" of the roof. When they choose their attention to straightness, since any deviation leads to difficulties that arise in the process of roofing work.

For the construction of crates and counterclaims, a perforated profile, made of galvanized metal, can also be purchased.

In addition to the above-mentioned materials, it will be necessary:

1. Metal studs with threads - they are fixed by Mauerlat, performing the function of the support bar.
2. Staples and brackets for fixing legs rafted to Mauerlat.
3. Fasteners, including studs with a diameter of 8 and 10 millimeters, wood screws that are needed to connect rafters.
4. Galvanies galvanized.

To mount the roof frame, a standard set of tools is needed, including:

• hammers of different sizes;
• drill to create holes;
• plane;
• bulgarian or saw;
• measuring devices - level, plumb.

Wood protection methods for frame

Before making the roof frame of the house, it is necessary to process its wooden elements with protective agents from rotting and fire.

To this end, all the details from which rafters will consist, crates and overlaps are processed by the following compositions:

• antipirectrics that reduce the degree of wood flammability and protecting wooden parts of the roofing frame;
• antiseptics representing substances capable of destroying bacteria, they prevent the development of putrefactive processes in the material from which overlaps and rafters are made.

The above-mentioned compositions are applied to a brush, because when using sprayers it is impossible to make impregnation with high quality and deep. This is done in several layers.

Some protective equipment for wood is distinguished by toxicity, so they need to be applied in the street or indoors, which is well ventilated. It is necessary to use the means intended for individual protection.

You can process the framework after the completion of its arrangement. Then the design is covered with flame retardant and antibacterial compositions, while enhanced attention is paid to the places of connecting the beams of the rafted system.

Montage Mauerlala do it yourself

Support for the frame of the roof erected is Maurylalat, installed on the bearing walls. Its main function is to transmit and distribute the weight of the roof and various loads on the enclosing structures. Mauerlat is the basis of almost any system of rafters except when the roof is created on a frame house or build up from a bar. In them, the function of the support beam performs the top bar on the wall.

Typically, as Mauerlat, it is customary to use a 100x150 or 150x150 millimeters. The best option is to be the laying "flush" with the inner surface of the bearing walls. At the same time, it is necessary to put the rows of bricks outside to the level with Mauerlat.

Along the perimeter of the building before installing it, it is necessary to pour a concrete breakfast. After the final frosting of the composition, the ruberoid is placed on this basis into several layers so that this material ensures a sufficient degree of waterproofing and effectively prevented the absorption of moisture of wood.

In most cases, Mauerlat is mounted in accordance with such technology:

1. Metal fasteners with a diameter of 10 millimeters are maintained from concrete at the stage of its construction or later. To do this, the holes are drilled in it and cement mortar is used to fix studs.
2. Mauserlast from a solid timber section of 150x150 millimeters laid along the scene and in places where it concerns fasteners, make the corresponding marks. According to them drill holes. Mauerlat is put on the studs so that they spoke from a bar at least 10 -15 millimeters.
3. To fix this element, nuts use, placing a wide, flat shape with a wider shape between them and the bar. If there is a welding machine on the studs, it will be possible to save. In this case, the reinforcement rods are used instead, and the nuts weld to them.

There is another way of mounting Mauerlat, when the timber is replaced by two rows of 50x150 millimeters cross section:

1. The first series of sawn timber is placed around the perimeter of the walls and fastened with anchor screws having a secret head and a metal sleeve. To make holes in a brickwork or concrete, the perforator will use the perforator, in advance drilled a drill boards with a standard drill.
2. Another row is located on top of the first so that the joints of the boards do not coincide. In the corners, wood materials are laid in "Dressing".
3. Both rows of each other are connected by 100-mm nails.

The second method of arrangement of Maurolalat greatly facilitates the movement of lumber to height, since the boards are much easier than timber. At the same time, the degree of strength of such a design will be enough, especially when the roof is erected for a frame house having a relatively small weight.

System arrangement System - Technology

The further stage of the construction of the roof is the installation of rafters. To facilitate the workflow, especially when the roof frame is constructed with your own hands, the processing of rafting beams is carried out on Earth.

This will be much more convenient to cut the materials according to the dimensions, to give them the desired form using the template, cut the grooves and drill holes for fasteners. Only then the components for the rafter are moved to the top and begin to connect them.

Frame assembly technology with hanging system rafters looks like this:

1. In Mauerlat, the grooves under the installation of the rafter feet. The gap between these adjacent elements is determined when the type of the system is selected, but it should not exceed 150 centimeters in any case, otherwise the design will not be quite rigid. When the roof insulation is planned, then the distance between the rafters should be coordinated with the size of the heat-insulating material. If in the free space existing between rapid legs, laying whole insulation slabs, it will not be necessary to spend time on the fitting of this material.
2. To the installation of the rafter is proceed from the end parts (frontones) of the roof. After their installation, the cord is stretched between the skates and when setting intermediate rafters relative to the vertical, it is necessary to navigate it.
3. Stropile legs are lowered in the grooves. To fix them in Mauerlat, use complex fasteners. For this, the transverse displacement of the elements is limited to the steel bracket, and the longitudinal is a bracket.
4. In the installation process, it should be borne in mind that the rafters must go beyond the perimeter of the construction. The optimal magnitude of the protrusion that is called from the departure or sink is considered to be 40 centimeters. As a result, the walls of the house are obtained protected from water flowing along the surface of the roof. Svet can be equipped not only due to the rafter timber - the length of the rafter is increased by using a thin board, called the "Flock". It is fixed to the rafter by laying (short cutting board) nails. The use of an additional board during the construction of the roofing sink is not considered a lack of design, but, on the contrary, the use of the "Film" makes it easier and some of the construction. At the same time simplifies the renovation of the sink: if necessary, it is enough to replace one or more "kills", and not a completely lumpy timber.
5. The lower ends of the rafter should be fixed by the strapping that is used as a base for the attic overlap. Brussing strapping is based on Maurylalat.
6. If you need to increase the bars for rafters with their insufficient length, two bars are laid into the overlaying with an overlayed size of at least one meter. They are fixed with studs with a diameter of 8 -12 millimeters.
7. With each other, the rafters are connected by pins - they are inserted into the pre-prepared holes. To prevent the rotation of the rafted near the strip axis, each pair of rafters is fixed with two fasteners.
8. When the width of the roof does not exceed 6 meters, then hanging rafters are connected by a transverse timber - a tightening of the letter "A". Make this element from the board with a cross section of 50x100 or 50x150 millimeters, and to the rafters are attached with self-draws. You can also set tightening consisting of three boards with a cross section of 30x100 millimeters, which are located on both sides of the rafted.
9. The rafting farms in the upper part are fixed by a longitudinal skate bar or a skateboard.
10. Additionally, in order to enhance the upper node, the rafter connects the skate bar with a tightening with a board segment. This is done to prevent the tightening deflection in the case of a large gap between the rafters.

In the same way, the device of the roof of the frame house is performed, although there are small nuances. After the installation is completed, the rafter is embarking on the installation of the crate.

How to make a roof crate

This roof element is two types: solid and rarefied. The choice of one of them depends on the roofing material used.

To build a solid crate, use OSB plates or moisture-resistant plywood sheets from 10 millimeters. They are stuffed by rafters by means of a counterbar. Use a solid crate if the installation of rolled or soft materials is to be installed.

When it is equipped with a shuttlecase, the rafters are stuffed or bars with an interval, which depends on the size of the elements of the roof covering. If it is necessary to save to create a crate of this type, instead of using a bar, an unedged board is used.

A rarefied cage is stuffed on a rafter in the direction from top to bottom. To increase the strength of the structure, the first of the rows from the skate timber, create without intervals. After completing the construction of the crates, it is possible to start work on the heat insulation of the roof, the installation of thermal insulation and laying the finishing coating.

Choosing a roof type

Prior to the design of the house design, its owners must decide whether the second floor will be used for housing. The fact is that the cutting roof technology under the second floor has differences, because the residential premises is located directly under the roof. In this case, there is no need to build the walls of the upper floor and already make a roof over it.

Frame roofs under the second floor In addition to advantages, there are also disadvantages, among which the absence of the possibility of installing full-fledged window openings, and the living space is difficult to make comfortable.

The construction of the roof is an important stage of the entire construction of the house. That is why the device of the frame of the upper part of the building is paid special attention. To build roof frame with your own, you need certain knowledge and experience. Then it will be discussed how to make a roof frame.

Depending on the species of roofing design, the roof frame has several types:

• Slinged frame design, the basis of which are wooden elements. It is applied in private construction to build pitched roofs.
• Metal carcass. It is made of profile metal beams and is used mainly in industrial construction.
• Concrete frame. It uses concrete slabs that create a gentle roof mainly in high-altitude houses.

Before starting the construction of a frame structure of the building, it is necessary to determine the choice of one of the above types and the framework of the rafter system in which the bearing capacity is fully transmitted to farms. For the device of the rafter farm, a timber bar is used, which in the section should be a minimum size of 15.0 × 5.0 cm. After fastening the rafter to the building and the roofing system of the crates is fixed to the frame.

The rafter design is divided into a sleeve and hanging. It is chosen depending on the design features of the building. Both types of rafters are used in the construction of private houses and are distinguished by the fact that when hanging system, the main beams are based on Maurylalat, which is shut-off on the perimeter of the building and is attached to the surface of the bearing walls to the top row of masonry. In the practice, Mauerlat is a timber bar, which has a cross section of 10.0 × 10.0 cm. Stropile legs from the upper side of the farm are fixed with each other with a skate bar. The urban design in the upper part is not attached by the rafters of interference. Such a wooden frame is made in another way.

Under the farm management system, at the top of its design, rest on the longitudinal central wall or specially provided columns for supports.

When choosing a type of rafter design, the overall dimensions of the structure are of great importance.

Note! Hanging rafters are used in the construction of roofs for houses, the distance between the external carrot walls of which does not exceed 6.0 m. If the span is larger than this value and there is a longitudinal central wall with supporting characteristics or support columns, then a spat stringed skeleton is used. In this case, an increased load on the weight of the roof material will be affected.

It is necessary to know that Mauerlat is a basic support for a frame design and roof roofing material. The Mauerlat's task is to take loads from the entire roof design and their uniform distribution on the bearing walls of the building.

• Thanks to this constructive element, the durability is increasing not only the roof, but also the whole building as a whole. If this tier did not apply from the bar, the vertical loads from the roof would act with the destructive power on the bearing walls at individual points. In fact, Mauerlat performs the main support and protective function in the entire frame design of the facilities. Such a support is not needed only when building houses from wood, in which the top of the walls ends with laying of bars or logs. This important structural element should be installed when the roof skeleton device so that the inner surfaces of it and the bearing walls are in the same plane. This will make the internal finish of the house more comfortable.
• From the side of Mauerlat, you need to burn brick masonry so that the wood material is not exposed to nature phenomena. Walls laid out of blocks or bricks should be aligned at the top point with a concrete tie. It, in turn, should be covered with a regularoid in several layers. Instead of this material, you can apply a preheated bitumen. The insulation material is used to protect Mauerlat from moisture that could be transmitted to it from the walls. The abrasion of moisture is destructive effect on wooden material and reduces its durability.
• The most practical and reliable method for fixing Mauerlat to the walls of the building is the use of metal studs that fasten the surfaces of both elements firmly. In bricks or blocks, the holes are performed. Finished metal studs that are made of steel reinforcement are inserted into the drilled holes. Then the bar for a support is applied to fitting the hairpins, marks are made and holes are also made in Mauerlate.

Note! When installing, attention should be paid to the length of the trunks. They should perform from the body of the support bar for the distance from 1.5 cm. At the ends of metal parts, a thread must be cut, which is ultimately used for the final fixation of the Mauerlate using a large diameter washer and nuts. As an alternative to this mount, you can apply welding.

Installation of a rafter carcass

At the next stage of work, the framework of the skeleton structure of the roof is set. Before mounting the rafter farms, you need to purchase dry wooden elements so that they for subsequent time are not deformed and did not breed.

• When building a farm design should include rafting legs in the amount of 2 pieces and screed for connecting the first in the lower part of them. Screeds are fixed to the rafter feet with anchor items and bolts. The rafter farms in the required quantity are attached to Mauerlat and are fixed with simple technologies. They are to do in the support bar of the required amount of cuts of the right form. In these grooves with simple manipulations, rafters are installed. The distance between the structures of the farms depends on the exact dimensions of the roof, which are repelled from the size of the house. In practice, rafters should be from each other at a distance of 1 m. It is necessary to take into account that in some roof frames rafters are used with a vertical direction. Such structural elements are used for high roofs with a vertical size of 3 m and more.
• The making wooden system perfectly binds the structural elements of the frame. But before it has not yet been established, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the rafting farms. To this end, the construction of the skating type is foreseen at the top of the design. From the bottom side, a temporary strapping is organized, which is removed after mounting the slats or shell boards. As can be seen, the lamp plays an important role not only for the roofing material, but also for a reliable ligament of all structural elements when the roof frame is made with their own hands.
• The system of the crate can be divided into its own way to intermediate and solid. The choice of the type of crate depends on which roofing the roof will be covered. The intermediate doret is used if the roof is overlapped with dense sheet materials. In this case, there must be a certain distance between the planks.
• If the roof of the roof is foreseen soft or it is rolled into rolls, then a solid doomer is applied. Only on such a surface can be qualitatively to lay this type of roofing material, and only in this way you can provide long operation of the roof. The soft tile will feel good on a solid crate. If this material is to lay on the intermediate system, then it will hang and poorly operated.

For example, for galvanized sheet, metal tile or slate is well suited for an intermediate type. But since these materials require fastening in certain places, the slats of the crates must be mounted with a certain step. Therefore, it is necessary to make preliminary calculations for the correct construction of the roof frame.

Note! Any wood materials are exposed to fungus and insects, besides, they are burning. To protect the wooden material from pests, bars and boards need to be protected by antiseptic impregnations. So that the tree loses the ability to burn, it needs to be treated with antipirens. Treatment of all wooden elements should be carried out before the start of installation work. This will increase the durability of the wooden roof frame.

In industrial construction, as well as during the construction of apartment high-altitude buildings, the roof frames are not made of wooden elements. The rafting systems are performed in them from the profile metal. A light metal roof frame, which consists of steel of a different profile with thin walls, is distinguished by reliability and long service life. If we compare metal rafters and wooden, then the first have a number of advantages.

• Metal elements, unlike wooden, are not susceptible to burning. In the case of roof fire, metal structures are able to withstand high temperature for a long time and do not allow the roof to collapse.
• When applying metal rafters, there is no need for the processing of structural elements by antiseptics and antipirens.
• Since the design is not infected with insects and fungus, as well as the surface of the elements is covered with zinc, which prevents corrosion, such a roof can be operated for about 100 years.
• Metal rafters can be mounted under all weather conditions.
• It should be noted ease in the setting of the rafter. For mounting, you need a minimum of tools.
• Since the design has a small mass, it does not have large loads on the carrying walls of the structure.

Since large loads are not scared with metal rafters, any roofing material can be used as the roof overlap.

Photo

Video

In this video, we are talking about the installation of the rafting roof system.

The construction of the roof of the frame house is one of the most simple, so its independent erection does not take a lot of time and effort.

This article will help you if difficulties arose in the process. In it, we will consider the features of the roof mounting, we will give practical recommendations for the choice of material, design elements, and compliance with the necessary norms and requirements in the process of work.

What to do before getting up to work?

Before starting the construction, it is necessary to decide:

• With the type of roof and an angle of slope
• Type of roofing material
• Length, cross section of rafters and the distance between them
• Length, step and cross section of the elements of the crate and the counterclaim
• Type of insulation

Type of roofs of frame houses

Roofs are:

• Flat
• Scanty (with one, two or more skates)
• Mansard (with two and four slots)
• Forcepets, conical, multilateral and other

The choice of roof is made not only on the basis of the conditions of its appearance. It is important to take into account the functionality of the design. The main advantages and disadvantages of the roofs of different types are shown below.

Frame house with a flat roof

Flat roofs are not popular in private construction. Their structure does not cause difficulties, but all the disadvantages overlap. They require careful care. After the rain on the roofs there remains water, the snow has to be removed on their own. This increases the likelihood of moisture penetration into the premises. At home with a scope roof, you can use a attic as an extra room.

But when installing a flat roof can be significantly saved on building materials and sunbathe on it in summer.

When installing, you need to withstand angle angle of 2-3 degrees in relation to the horizon.

Poly Single and Single Roof Frame House

The angle of slope begins from 10 degrees. The number of skates - from 1 to 4.

Scope roofs are very popular and used everywhere. In the spring, the snow is not delayed for them for a long time, the water flows calmly on the grooves, there is a lot of additional places in the form of an attic room where you can arrange an extra room. The load on the design is also reduced, and with it and the possibility of leaks.

Athenium roof

It can be a half-haired (two-tie with two small skates) and a holm (four-page). This type of roof is also widely used.

Benefits are as follows: an extra bed under the roof, the ability to install windows, a unique appearance of the house, low load on the design in winter. Disadvantages - high material costs, heating, a lot of snow on window structures in winter, faster destruction of the rafter structures due to insufficient ventilation.

Multi-line roof

Multi-line roof is considered one of the most popular. It differs from the others with a large number of skates and the presence of funds. Installed if the house has a difficult layout.

Advantages - construction withstands significant loads, the ability to arrange an additional room, a unique appearance. Disadvantages - a large consumption of material, while there remains a lot of waste, the complexity of installation with their own hands, large cash costs.

Conical roofs

The conical roof is installed in the case when the building is made in the form of a circle. In Russia, there are few such roofs build.

Advantages - an interesting appearance, easy care. Disadvantages: the complexity of calculations and installation.

We propose to make a choice in favor of the roof with two slopes. In this case, it turns out to significantly reduce the cost of material and maintenance, while the appearance of the design will not suffer.

It is worth understanding that the more the skates, the roof is more beautiful, but at the same time, it is more expensive. But if you are not used to save and want the best - then install the roof of any type.

Slope slope

An ideal bias from the point of view of security and durability is a bias of 30 to 45 degrees. In this case, the load on the roof (wind, snow) is optimal.

In this case, the roof with such a bias looks advantageous.

Choosing material for roofing

The choice of roofing material depends on the slope of the skates. In this case, the necessary safety requirements will be observed and the roof service life is increased.

Below are the main types of roofing materials and an angle of slope, which must be observed during installation:

• Profile - from 10 degrees
• Slate - from 12 to 60 degrees
• EuroShorter (Ondulin) - from 6 degrees and above
• Ceramic tile - 18-60 degrees
• Polymerpess Tile - 18-60 degrees
• Bituminous tile - from 12 degrees without limiting the maximum slope
• Metal tile. - from 15 degrees

Choosing the type of roofing material must be followed by the following recommendations:

• Material must match the roof configuration
• The service life of the material must be as close as possible by the shelf life of the roof itself.
• The selected material must comply with the aesthetic and economic criteria for the owner. It is necessary to take into account the complexity of the masonry and the cost of roofing material, the complexity of the roof circuit, and the like
• The roofing material must have the most "profitable" characteristics: durability, resistance to mechanical and climatic influences, ease of care, frost resistance, soundproofing, climatic conditions, etc. If you live where there is often a hail, you should not choose a roofing material, which after the first precipitation will turn into rags

Rafters: section, step, length

To calculate rafters, you can use a special calculator, saving time:

The cross section of the rafter is selected taking into account the following parameters:

• The length of the rafter legs and the steps of their installation
• Embankment of the roof (than it is less, the smaller the load on the surface)
• Loads (snow, wind, etc.), which are installed in regulatory documents for each region of the country
• The type of material to which the roof will be covered, as well as its weight and size

You can choose a section in two ways: contact construction tables or conduct an independent calculation.

We offer to familiarize yourself with the standards shown in the table below. However, it is better to always choose an option with a margin. From the table, you can immediately select a step of rafters and a length.

Setting step rafters, mm	Length of a separate rafyled, m
	3,0	3,5	4,0	4,5	5,0	5,5	6,0
600	40x150	40x175	50x150	50x150	50x175	50x200.	50x200.
900	50x150	50x175	50x200.	75x175	75x175	75x200	75x200
1100	75x125	75x150	75x175	75x175	75x200	75x200	100x200
1400	75x150	75x175	75x200	75x200	75x200	100x200	100x200
1750	75x150	75x200	75x200	100x200	100x200	100x250	100x250
2150	100x150	100x175	100x200	100x200	100x250	100x250	_

Okeekhet

Depending on the liner of the roof and roofing material (in this case, the tile was chosen) You can find the step and size of the crate on the table.

Section of bars by step crate can be selected with a size of 50 by 40 mm.

Roof bias	Stag of the crate, mm	Tile consumption, pcs / m2
50	375	8,9
45	370	9,0
45	365	9,2
40	360	9,3
35	355	9,4
35	350	9,6
30	345	9,7
25	340	9,8
20	335	10,0
15	330	10,1
14	320	10,4

Controlling

Size, and the cross section of the counter tests can be done by such as the crate.

The step must coincide with the rafted step.

Installation of a roof of a frame house

The installation sequence for a double roof is as follows:

• Installing the rafting system
• Laying insulation
• Device of crates and counterclaims
• Installation of roofing material and finishing structural elements

Installing the rafting system

The installation of rafting legs begins after the ceiling beams (mauerlates) are securely fixed. As a rafter, a timber will perform a cross section of 50 × 150 mm., Or 50 × 200 mm. More accurate section Take from the table above.

Preparation of Stropil

To begin with, you need to make a pattern of rafting legs. This is done like this:

• Take two boards and connect their brass at an angle of 90 degrees, fixing the nail at the top point
• The pattern lift up and install the edges of the boards on the Maerla !!
• Adjusting the location of the boards, find the desired skate. At the same time, their edges should be over 40-60 centimeters to go beyond the level of walls so that in the future it is easier to arrange a system of drainage. If the boards are not enough lengths, you can sew two on Earth
• When the necessary slope slope is obtained, it is necessary between the rapid legs to navigate the transverse crossbar, thereby fixing the angle. At the same time, it is necessary to designate the cutting line with a pencil, if they are fixed and sections at a right angle in the field of foot attachment to Maerlatam
• All calculations must be removed with maximum accuracy.

After the template is cooked, it is necessary to collect two pairs of rafters, which will be mounted on the edges. If necessary, legs are increasing. You can rip them in dragged in thick bolts, which is safer, or with two nails, driven at different angles. Between the two legs of one rafter, it is necessary to establish the cross.

Splicing Bruus.

Connection of rafaling brass

Splicing rafters in the way of joining

Paired rafyla

Hard compound with steel corner and reference

Driving nails from sides, at an angle towards each other

Slopily sliding connection

The next step is the rise of the rafted the roof and their fixation on the Maerlatahs (beams), as shown in the picture. Below is mounted stubborn bar.

When two pairs of side rafters are installed, it is necessary to pull the rope between them. It serves as a lighthouse in which the level is checked. Next, between the rafters is measured, the distance is measured and divided by 60 or 80, depending on the step with which the installation will be carried out.

After settlements on Earth, the desired number of rafters is collected. Then they rise upstairs, and are installed with the selected step throughout the perimeter. Between the rafter farms, two boards for fixation are nailed.

Warming Roof Frame House

To do not freeze in winter, you need to warm the roof.

First, a vapor barrier film is fastened to the inside of the rafter feet with the help of a construction stapler. The joints are being worked with double-sided scotch. Then the slabs of the insulation are labeled between the bars of the rafter.

To protect the insulation from atmospheric precipitation, it is necessary to lay a diffusion membrane on top of it. If you plan to use a reinforced film, then between it and the insulation, leave the gap of 2 centimeters.

Here is an excellent photo that simplifies the process:

• 1 - Stropil
• 2 - insulation
• 3 - Luxury wind-water insulation
• 4 - counterbarre
• 5 - Obesetka
• 6 - Roofing

Dykenet and counterclash

The counterclaim can be performed by bar 25 by 30 centimeters or 30 to 50. The pitch of the bars is the same as that of the rafted, as they are mounted on top of them. In the photo above it is excellent.

A dokelett is mounted on the controlled. For this, boards are used 25 per 100 mm., Or bars 40 by 50 mm. The shadow step depends on the type of roofing, which will be applied. Fastenings are made galvanized nails, whose length is three times the thickness of the bars or boards and in a checkerboard.

In the photo below, select the desired distance for your option.

Installation of roofing material

In our case, consider the installation of metal tiles. It begins towards the bottom - up.

Initially, a cornice bar is mounted using selflessness. Next, the first sheet of metal tile rises on the roof. It is attached to the carnisic bar, it is attached to self-drawing into each recess. Then you can fix the sheet through one recess. If the lengths of one sheet of tiles are not enough, it is possible to increase it using free pieces, laying their flashes and fixing 4.8 x 28 mm by self-drawing. Further, the other sheets are stacked similarly.

The lower edge of the tiles should perform by 40 cm. Behind the edge of the eaves.

It is necessary to determine its type, which depends on the geometric shape and the roof material. This article is devoted to the design and sequence of the roof assembly in the framework technology. The frame technology is universal for the roofs of any form and involves the use of any roof material. To design a frame roof, take into account the load of the snow cover of the locality, where the construction and size of the built building occurs.

Special literature contains many articles on the form of roofs, technical and economic aspects of construction. Our article will explain in detail only the installation of the roof from the new material " Shingles«.

So, what claims should be made to the roof assembled on frame technology?

Such a roof should ensure the movement of the load (wind or snow) on the walls of the house, it should also protect all the details from which the frame of the house is made, from atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow, excessive moisture). Under the roof, it is necessary to leave enough space for the installation of the insulation, which will be an attic room from warm rooms at home, the attic should well ventilate and ventilate, the roof itself and the roof frame must be protected from the adverse effects of the warm part of the house (especially heat and moisture).

The main requirements that are presented to overlapping.

All further construction will depend on the correct calculation of the overlap. Roof frame start to build from overlap. Parts of the overlap are as follows: the support beam, the floor frame and its flooring. Sheathing, which is done at the overlap at the same time is black floors. In the future, the finishing finish of the floor will be laid. The figures below are used only for a wooden frame, in which the distance between the beams of the overlap is not more than 600 mm, and the load on the floor is not more than 2.4 edges.

So, the humidity of the boards should be no more than 19%. The booming boom boom should have certain indicators - for a 4.6 m long board - not more than 12.7 mm (if the ceiling will be cut down by plasterboard) and 19 mm (if the ceiling will not be chipped by plasterboard). According to the standards, these are boards of such varieties as a selected, first or second thickness of 9.2 mm for the first case and boards of the third and fourth grade 1.4 mm thick for the second case. The mounting of the overlap to the foundation is carried out with the help of a supporting board, and between the floors, the overlap is tied to the upper strapping of the walls. The supporting board and the frame of the basement overlap must have a cross section of 38x89 mm.

Basic rules for construction and design of a frame roof.

The maximum amount of free span should not exceed 12.2 meters.

The largest distance from the farm to the farm (or between rafters) should not exceed 600 mm.

If the roof is assembled according to the rapid scheme, the magnitude of the main elements of the frame is correlated with the width of the spans and the magnitude of the load of the snow reservoir. Rained themselves the following types:

• standing freely;
• rafters that support the load from the attic ceiling (the frame of its overlap).

In the future, for convenience, we will call them free rafters and loaded rafters. There are special tables for which the size of the required cross section of the rafter is determined. Also, the parameters of the attic overlap can be defined by tables. The boards from which rafters and ceiling beams are manufactured must be with a cross-sectional size of 38x89 mm. If a heavy clay tile is used in the form of a roof, and the windows in the building are large attic, then it will be necessary to strengthen the roof frame or calculate the parameters as for loaded rafters. If the roof has a slope of less than 28 degrees (then the full span is referred to as 1: 4), then the calculation for loaded rafters is applied.

The table shows the minimum values \u200b\u200bof the thickness of the casing, depending on the distances between rafters or farms:

It is important to note that all parts that make up the roof must be securely and firmly connected. In the construction of the attic overlap, it is necessary that rafters and beams reliably relied on the wall. The support can serve as a piloter, which is called Mauerlat. From above, rafters come to the ski board and there are connected together. Skate proportions must be as follows: The width of it should not be less than the length of the plumbing support; The dimensions of the side of the skiing board 17.5x140 mm, not less. It is better if the skating board will exceed the sizes of the rafting boards. When attaching rafters at the skateboard, you can not allow their displacement. Between rafters and a skunk board, as well as between rafters and Mauerlat, there must be a straight angle.

In order to attach rafters to Mauel, you need to do in it drank. The length of the support itself should be at least 38 mm. If the skate and olenovy rafters are used, then the length of the support is 50 mm, the boards from which they are made in thickness at least 38 mm.

There is an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the plane of the overlap to be observed between shortened rafters (bastards) and skate or olemnal rafters.

It does not interfere with reminding that the roof is the protection of the external decoration of the walls from adverse weather influences, so the rafters must be abroad for the walls of 400-500 mm, and for wooden walls, this figure is even more - 550 mm. The distance from the edge of the wall to all ends of the rafter should be the same. The free ends of the rafters are connected to each other using a special board, which is called a roller. The connection of the roof roller boards can only be in the end of the rafter. The roller is made of 17.5 mm thick with a thickness of 17.5 mm, but usually the same boards are used as for rafters.
If the slope of the roof is 1: 3 and more, then the calculated span of the roof can be done less. This is achieved by using backups, bohegels and additional backups for the skate. Additional framework elements need to be made from boards with a cross-section size of no less than 38x89 mm.

If the inclination of the roof is 1: 4 and less, they use slash struts. In such a roof, it is not superfluous to use and additional walls to transmit the load from the rafters on the beam overlap. In this case, it is necessary to establish a solid strut under these walls between the beams of overlapping. The maximum deflection of these beams when exposed to the calculated snow load should be 25 mm.

In the case when the beams from which the overlap is manufactured, are not connected between the opposite rafters, be sure to put an additional drift support (if the angle of the roof is 1: 3 and less). If this angle is greater, such a support is not mandatory subject to the reliability of the jointing of the node at the bottom of the rafter.

For fastening various additional systems and communications in the roof frame, drank and holes are made. The parameters of the films (their size and position) meet the requirements that are presented for the overlap frame.

Roof skeletter can be made of plywood, boards, chipboard and other materials. In thickness, they depend on how far the distance is left between the rafters. If sheet materials are used, their thickness must correspond to the edge support on the wooden roof frame. List materials that are used in construction can significantly improve the appearance of the roof. In addition, they can strengthen the entire frame design. Of course, when using such materials, it is important to comply with all the basic rules for the structure of the frame roof. From many years of construction experience, the following most successful materials can be distinguished: DVP (especially P-3 brand), not polished or having a phenol-formaldehyde basis. In addition, the DSIP has a greater indicator of fire resistance in relation to boards and plywood.

When the distance between the rafters is 300 mm, the thickness of the object is as follows: plywood - 7.5 mm; DSIP - 9.5 mm; Board - 17 mm. With a distance of 400 mm, plywood thickness - 7.5 mm (all edges with support) and 9.5 mm (between rafters without support), DSIP thickness - 9.5 mm (all edges with support) and 11.1 mm (between rafted without support), the thickness of the board - 17 mm. When the distance between rafters is 600 mm, the plywood thickness is 9.5 mm (all edges with support) and 12.5 mm (between the rafted without support), the thickness of the DSIP is 11.1 mm (all edges with support) and 12.7 mm (Between rafted without support), the thickness of the board is 19 mm. These are minimum indicators.

An attic room located between the insulation and the roof cover must have ventilation holes. Good ventilation allows you to maintain all the properties of the insulation and prevent the adverse effects of moisture and heat to the rooms themselves in the building, frame and roof.

The dimensions of the ventilation holes depend on the insulation carpet area and should be at least 1/300 of the part from the insulation area at the shots of the attic. At the angle of inclination of the roof of 1: 6 and less, the area of \u200b\u200bthe ventilation holes should be 1/150 part from the insulation area. Half of the ventilation holes need to be accommodated around the skate, another half in Sofita. The distribution of the ventilation holes along the sofit should be uniform. Between the insulation and the crate, it is necessary to leave a distance of at least 75 mm. If this rule is difficult to do, there are special screens between the insulation and the crate.

The hole in the attic should be designed to close the hatch and have a size of 500x700 mm (no less). The hatch should be located in such a place so that between it and the closest rafters was the distance more than 600 mm. Luke must be inspired. As a material for insulation, a foam is usually used (thickness 100-150 mm).

The roof itself on the roofs of the frame type is made of a wide variety of materials. In this article we will give a description of the material that is widely used in North America and is called "shingles". Translated into Russian, this word means "dunca". The basis of "shingles" is different - wood, metal, etc. To reduce the cost of a roof in economy-class buildings, this material is used on a bitumen basis, which has a large grain introcession (type of rubberoid). The main advantages of this material are high manufacturability, durability, aesthetic appearance. In Russia, Shingles is already widely represented in construction stores and begins to be manufactured in their own production. Such material you can cover the roofs with a slope of 1: 6 and more.

In special construction tables, you can find information about the necessary number of nails for the assembly of rafters and beams of overlapping. When forming connecting nodes, no additional wind bonds are required.

Now we will focus on the rapid roof frame scheme (the most important nodes).

Between rafters and overlap beams can be different distance. They must be connected at least than 1.2 meters. Staropila and overlapping beams are connected using various nodes. Another important function, except for the connecting, is to provide the necessary place to lay the insulation and the formation of space for free air circulation (attic ventilation).

The rafters and overlaps can be based on either on the walls or on the Mauerlat Plaques, which is installed on the beams of overlapping.

We give the mandatory rules for installing Mauerlat Boards: The second board of Mauerlat must stand, similarly as on the upper strapping of the walls, provided that there is a displacement of the support of the rafted in the direction of the overlap beams than 50 meters. The first Mauerlat board must be configured (two nails 82 mm) to each beam of the church overlap. Be sure to install a strapping board on the beams of overlapping, especially if they are not directly related to rafters.

If the rafters and overlap beams are located at an equal distance, it is better to make a double connections knot. To do this, use a single Mauerlat board, and with a sufficient thickness of the insulation, additionally make support on the upper mating walls.

For the connection of each rafter with a skate, not less than three nails 82 mm from the reverse side and at least four nails of 57 mm from the side of the rafter. The connection of the rafter and the bugel is carried out by three nails of 76 mm. The position of the Bohel should be strictly horizontal. The connection of the shortened rafters (a nargin) and the ended or skate rafter should be with the help of two nails 82 mm.

Listed material of the crates can be attached to the rafters in the same way as the overlap frame cover. Sheets are stacked with a gap of at least 2 mm. If necessary, you can install the support for the edges of the sheet sheets. This is usually a board with a cross-sectional size of 38x38 mm. The rules for its attachment are the same as for struting overlap.

If the roof frame is made of farms, then the work takes into account the same rules and standards as when installing the ceiling beams.

For the manufacture of large roofs, especially having only two skate, as well as roofs that have a large unsupported Sve, better apply farms. For the construction of multiple and holm roofs, a rafter scheme of the framework is perfect. In one building, you can combine both design schemes.

Farms with a large span can afford to abandon the structure of the middle carrier wall. In this way in homes, the so-called free internal layout is obtained.

To facilitate the roof design, as well as to reduce it, it is necessary to reduce the cross-section of the boards, which are used for rafters and elements that enhance the framework. To this end, better boards are used. Also, for this purpose, the distance between the rafters is reduced and transmit a load from rafted on the bearing walls using various connections nodes.

When developing a connection of rafters and overlapping, it is necessary to provide space for the insulation, sufficient for its free ventilation. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the distance between the upper part of the window opening and the horizontal surface of the sofit.

The coating material is selected based on a certain roof tilt angle.

When designing the angle of inclination of the roof is better set in degrees. It will not be necessary to calculate the size of the lifting of the skate.

When installing the roof over the attic room, it is better to calculate the characteristics of the rafter, based on the characteristics of strength. At the same time, it will be possible to complete an additional design in which the insulation will be placed and its sufficient ventilation is provided.

Boards for rafters need to be selected, taking into account the possibility of their further gain (if the attic) is operated with the help of buglels. It is strictly forbidden to move the load from the rafted on the beams of overlapping, which are located freely in the span.

To make the roof of the beautiful form, designers seek to create the same slope for all surfaces. For the roof, apply expensive, the durable material is not always reasonable. It has long been calculated that even the most durable material requires periodically repair. Therefore, sometimes it is more profitable to completely replace inexpensively coating than to repair the old one.

Recommendations for the proper assembly of the ternary roof frame (main techniques and rules).

As soon as an attic overlap is installed, you can start mounting the rafting roof frame. What are the main mounting techniques.

1. The frame starts to build from the mounting of the Mauerlat Board to ensure the same span along the entire length of the house. In the case of a multi-line roof (it happens with houses with a complex plan), Mauerlat is mounted simultaneously over all the extensions. The junctions of the board must coincide with the beams of overlapping. In the corners of the house, the additional load on the walls of the house is transmitted by the skate and olemal rafters through additional supports under the Mauerlat board.

2. Rules for the location of spacer boats and beams of overlapping. The rafters are located at the same distance as the pitch beam. The spacer boards must be seized with two nails to each beam of overlapping. If you move a little Mauerlat board relative to the outer wall, then you can change the distance of the span, but not more than 30-50 mm. So you can adjust the span throughout the house to a single value. If the roof is multi-way, the value of the span is allowed different for each extension. In this case, each span will require their own rafaling length.

The proposed method of assembling and mounting the roof frame has one very important advantage - all calculations and preliminary preparation of individual parts can be produced on Earth. It is only necessary to know the magnitude of the spans from the outer edge of the Mauerlat board and the very length of the roof, which is also measured from Mauerlat.

In the proposed project, the specified roof inclination angle is laid. The value of half the span is calculated. Therefore, using a cosine angle of inclination of the roof, it is possible to calculate the length of the rafted. Based on the variety of wood, snow load and the distance between the rafters, the tables can be determined by the cross section of the rafter. The next step is the manufacture of a template rafted from the most straight board. Also, using special tables of the length of the length of the rafter from the angle of inclination of the roof, we produce oblique spice at the site of the connection of the rafter and the skate and make a wedge to the Wedge so that it can be combined with a rafter with Mauerlat.

Then it is necessary to calculate for how the distance the rafter will go beyond the external wall (necessarily not forgetting about the thickness of the outdoor decoration of walls by the project - if the finish is made by brick, then if there is an air layer, this indicator will be 145 mm). With the help of the square, you need to outline and then make a cut parallel to the direction of the height, which connects with the skate. So, the rafal pattern is ready. With this template, rafters will be manufactured for the frontones and those rafters that are adjacent to the end part of the skunk board. To make a rafal pattern that relies on the skateboard, you need to reduce the main template at a distance equal to half the thickness of the skate.

The length of the skate is defined as the length of the roof minus the full span. In order to properly place a hat, the board is put on the beams of overlapping along the entire length of the roof. At the same time, from each end to the edge of the roof, a distance equal to half of the span should remain. Marking is done on a wide part of the board. It is transferred to it that occupy the beams of overlapping. Also, it is necessary to note and the position of the rafter together with the beams of overlapping. For this use the same principle for walls and overlaps.

If end or skate rafters are used, then the magnitude of the span when using a triangle should not be 30 cm, and 42.7 cm when maintaining the same lifting of the skate. This is explained by the fact that they are installed at a smaller angle than ordinary rafters. The length of the skate rafters is also easily determined. The one is taken into account that the unit of their length is plenty of span, as well as in the usual rafter. If the skate raftered when the connection is included in the axis of the axis of the ski board and rafters, its length is shortened by about 30 mm.

Nonocents (or shortening rafters) are calculated in length, based on the specified span and the distance between the rafyles. If the roof in all places has the same bias, then it will always sleep with a shortening rafter there will always be 45 degrees. This drink is very easy to do with a manual electrical saw. With the help of trinoometric functions, the value is calculated to which the following rafter will be shorted. There are special tables of these values \u200b\u200bat distances between rafters in 400 and 600 mm.

Roof construction is one of the most important stages of the construction of the house. The rafting part of the roof requires special attention, both at the design stage and at the stage of direct assembly. Before starting the installation of the rafting roof system, you will have to understand in all the intricacies of the question. Calculations are best trusted by professionals. In the design of the roof, a huge number of factors takes place, these are wind and snow loads, the weight of the rafter system and roofing materials, geometry and technical parameters of the structure.

There are specialized computer programs to calculate the optimal design of the roof and counting the number of necessary building materials. Loads and exposure can be clarified in the SNiP of the same name 2.01.07-85. There are also corrective coefficients for individual regions. Almost all calculations need to be increased by 10% to create a safety reserve.

After the roof is ready, the question arises about the correct installation of the rafted roof. Stropyl farms, in most cases, are a triangle. This is the richest and economically advantageous form. The rafters can be made of various materials: wood, metal or reinforced concrete.

A combination of various materials in one design is allowed.

Connections timing

Stropil farms can be made independently, in accordance with the project, or order manufactured in the factory. Manufacturing to order does not impose restrictions in shape, volume and sizes. The factory can be made as a solid lines and individual elements for subsequent assembly directly in place. Fastenings of industrial production rafters are usually performed using metal plates provided by the manufacturer. The rafters manufactured independently join the groove-spike circuit and are strengthened with nails, bolts, brackets and clamps.

It should be borne in mind that the wooden elements of the rafter system must have a humidity no higher than 20%. Material can give a senior. Fastening the roof rafters with nails or brackets is permissible only for dry material. If the percentage of humidity causes at least the slightest doubt, it is worth choosing a fastening with bolts. They can be tightened with time, but bolt holes weaken the strength of the rafted.

Requirements for construction

Three basic requirements are presented to the design of the rafter part of the roof:

• Rigidity;
• Weight optimality;
• Quality of materials.

The requirement of hardness directly relates to places of joints and fastenings of all elements of the rafter system. As mentioned above, the rafter system is a system of triangular farms installed in parallel to each other. The triangular form by itself provides stiffness of the structure, but the rafters must be securely secured relative to each other. Even the slightest mobility can lead to deposits.

The requirement of weight optimality is executed at the calculation stages. The total weight is made up of all elements of the rafter system, hydro and thermal insulation, roofing material. For example, natural tile Weighs 40-60 kg / m2, slate 10-14 kg / m2, bituminous tiles 6-8 kg / m2, and metal tile 3.5-4.5 kg / m2, it is necessary to consider what weight is able to withstand Supporting walls of the structure, taking into account constant and variable loads, because even the effects of the wind and the volume of snow will be added to the mass of the roof itself.

The quality of materials can be estimated by several parameters. Wood variety should be 1-3 varieties, with a minimum number of bitch. Preference is given to coniferous rocks. The permissible length of the board of their coniferous wood is 6.5 m, from deciduous - 4.5. Maurylalat, pillows and runs are made of solid hardwood.

Regardless of the cost and quality of materials, it is necessary to remember the waterproofing and processing of all wooden elements with antiseptics and antipirens.

The main parts of the construction system

Mauerlat. - This is the basis of the rafting system. Mauerlat evenly distributes the load on the outer walls of the structure.

Stropile foot - Hard fixes the elements of the roof, is responsible for the angle of slope. The appearance of the roof depends on the location of the rafting legs.

Run - fastens the rafting legs. The ski run is located on top, side runs - on the side.

Tightening - fastens the rafting legs at the bottom and prevents them from "traveling". Racks and saws - provide a rafter system additional rigidity.

Sill - Located below, parallel to the skate and serves as the basis and support of the racks and the pink.

Okeekhet - It is arranged perpendicular to the rafter legs. It is performed from boards or bars, it is designed to transfer the load from the roofing material to the rafting legs and serve as the base for the roofing material.

Names details

Kind of roof - The place of the junction of two rods of the roof. Along the skate, a solid lamp is stuffed to enhance this part of the structure.

Film - It is arranged for the organization of sink.

Eaves - This is the distance from the wall of the house to the edge of the roof, designed to protect the house from the outlet of the excess amount of precipitation.

Forms of roofs and rafter systems

The roof shape is determined, first of all, the geometry of the building. Different forms of roofs can be combined in cases of complex structures.

Forms of roofs

The roofs with a bias from 2.5 to 10 degrees are called flat. Not every building can be broken with flat roof. Important structures and variable loads are important for the construction region.

Single roofing has the simplest device of the rafter system and a slope of 14 to 26 degrees. Such a roofing device is ideal for attachment, veranda, small structures, in which one of the parallel walls above another.

Single Roof

The roof with two slopes has a more complex rafal system. The underfloor space can be both non-residential, attic and mansard, well-maintained. The slope of the duct roof is taken in the range from 14 to 60 degrees. The rafting systems of the bartal roof differ also by type. There are hanging and urban, depending on the dimensions and geometry of the building.

Types of rafter systems

The four-sheet roof is called a holm or semi-haul. The slope of such a roof is allowed from 20 to 60 degrees, and the length of the overlapping span can be up to 12 meters. This design requires internal supports. The absence of fonts significantly saves materials, but the device and installation of the rafter system requires more attention and means than in the case of a bantal roof.

The broken roofs in the lower tier can have a slope of up to 60 degrees, the top tier is usually more flat. Most often, broken roof is used for the attic of the attic. Permissible width of the house up to 10 m.

Such a roof is called a broken

Slinge systems can also differ in shape.

Various rafting systems

The shape of the rafter system is determined by the dimensions of the structure and the purpose of the undercase. Slopes, racks and rafters themselves can be used as decorative elements of the interior or attic.

Decorative elements

Types of rafter systems

Among other things, the rafter systems differ also by type. There are hanging and urban. The choice of the type of rafter systems depends, like everything in the roof, from the dimensions of the overlapping structure and the position of the bearing walls.

System with hanging rafyles

Hanging rafal

The system with hanging rafters is chosen if there are no inner bearing walls in the building, and the length of the span does not exceed 6 meters. In the upper part of the rafter, they rest on each other, and Maurylalat appears from the bottom. Maurylalat is installed in a stone or brick house. In the case when the house is built on the framework technology, the rafters are attached to the upper strapping. In the logs of a log or timber - to the upper crown. Running rafter decreases due to tightening. Beam tightening can serve overlapping the top floor.

The tightening is located at the very bottom. If it is placed above, then called the Riguel. In cases where the flooded span is more than 6 meters, the system with hanging rafters is complemented by support racks and disclosures. Filkings are used to organize the sink. Experts recommend growing rafters with a mare even if the possibility of organizing the sink due to its own length of the rafter foot. Such an extension will allow the rafyled rafters to Maurylalat with all available cross-section area. And the mobil cross section is chosen less than the cross section of the rafter.

Sloping Systems

Slopils

The main requirement for the organization of the spree of the rafter system is the presence of an inner bearing wall or columns in the building. The roof with sputum rafters can overlap the spans from 10 to 16 meters. The slope is chosen on the basis of the weather characteristics of the terrain. At the top of the rafter, they rest on the ski run, in the bottom - on Mauerlat. In parallel, the ice skate run is satisfied with the racks. This allows you to do without tightening and riglels. If the rafter foot does not have a pier or support, its length should not exceed 4.5 meters. The elements of the rolling line system must have a thickness of at least 5 cm.

Regardless which type of the rafter system was prohibited, it is important:

• You can not add the nodes from yourself to the roof project. Even if it seems that it will be more reliable. Load displacement, the most insignificant at first glance, can lead to a breakdown of construction and possible collapse.
• Maurylalat is necessarily aligned in a horizontal plane relative to the walls of the house. Next, as strictly horizontally joined it with a rafter foot. Vertical and horizontal levels are extremely important in order to prevent distortions.
• Stropile legs, racks and sores are strictly symmetrically.
• In order for rafters not to be rotten, it is planned to be produced in attics, and slots in the attic.
• Important is the observance of the technology of insulation and vaporizolation of the roof.
• The joints of the joints of wooden elements with stone walls are necessarily lined with waterproofing materials.
• When calculating the rafter system, it is important to take into account the location of chimneys. It can affect the width of the rafted installation.

Connecting elements

The system of fastenings of the elements in the method of writing is allowed, but it should be remembered that this is not the most economical way. Word requires a fairly large cross section area, so that the design in general does not lose its strength. And this means that the weight of the whole roof, and the cost of building materials will be significantly higher. In this regard, most often the nodes are fixed with bellows and bolts.

Fastening

Fastening are often used using steel perforated linings. The sale is a huge amount of such fasteners, various in shape and appointment. Perforated lining have a special coating that protects them from corrosion. Fix them with nails.

Slinge system