Features of using automation for drainage pumps. Control Scheme (shutdown) pump by water level (on water pumping and in bulk) electric tank filling automatic power

The presence of running and drinking water is the most important component of a comfortable stay and relaxing outside the city. In a situation where the central water supply is not available, the only correct solution becomes drilling a well or well and the subsequent installation of an automatic submersible pump. The uninterrupted functioning of the unit depends on the control system, which is assembled by different schemes.

Overview of control blocks of different manufacturersA
- Control device Aries SAU-M2

Control of the submersible pump - the feasibility of automation

To improve the country's house full-featured water supply system, automation of the process of filling consumables is necessary. The pump control must be reliable in operation and easy to device.

Automation of the pumping unit allows you to achieve uninterrupted and reliable water supply, reduce operating costs and labor costs, as well as reduce the volume of regulatory tanks.

To organize automatic pump operation, besides standard equipment for general use (magnetic starters, contactors, intermediate relays and switches) use special control / control devices. These elements include:

inkjet relays;
level control relays and fill;
electrode level relays;
capacitive type sensors;
various manometers;
float relay, etc.

Submersible pump control options

You can select three types of devices for controlling the submersible pump:

control unit in the form of a console;
pressectrol;
automatic control with a mechanism for maintaining a constant water pressure in the system.

The first option is the simplest control unit capable of protecting the pump from voltage drops and possible short circuits. The automatic mode of operation is achieved by connecting the control unit to the level relay or pressure switch. Sometimes the control panel is connected to the float switch. On such an automation unit, the price does not exceed 4000-5000 rubles. However, the expediency of using such control without the protection of the pump from dry stroke and there is no pressure relay.

There are blocks with built-in systems, for example, "Aquarius 4000" worth 4000-10000 p. Essential plus equipment - ease of installation. Installation can be performed independently without attracting specialists.

The second option is "Prescontrol" equipped with built-in systems of passive protection against dry stroke and automated pump operation. Management is based on orientation to a number of parameters, among which the level of duct and water pressure is necessarily taken into account. For example, if the water consumption is higher than 50 l / min, then the equipment under the adjustment of the presscallation is functioning continuously. As the water flow / pressure increases, the automation is triggered and the press disconnects the pump.

When spending fluid less than 50 l / min, the launch of the pump occurs with a decrease in pressure in the water supply system to 1.5 atmospheres. This feature is especially important in conditions of a sharp pressure jump when it is required to reduce the amount of / off the device with minimal water flow.

Successful models of presscal equipment: BRIO-2000M and Aquarius.

Third option - block control with maintaining stable pressure throughout the system. This device is advisable to install where the pressure drops are extremely undesirable.

Important! Stable overestimated pressure indicators increase the consumption of electricity, while the efficiency of pumping equipment decreases

Submersible pump control cabinet: need and function

Control cabinet is a mandatory element of the autonomous water supply system operating on the submersible type pump. It integrates all control, control units and safety blocks.

With the assistance of the distribution cabinet, it will be possible to solve a number of tasks:

Ensuring a smooth, safe start of the pump electric motor.
Regulation of the frequency converter.
Track operational parameters of autonomous water supply: water temperature, pressure in the pipes, level in the well.
Alignment of the current characteristics, which is fed to the terminals of the electric motor and adjusts the speed of the pump shaft.

The control cabinet serving at the same time several units has an extended functionality:

Control of the frequency of pumping pumps. Control units alternately provide uniform wear of the machine part of the equipment. This increases almost twice the life of the pressure equipment.
Tracking the continuity of the work of the aggregates. If one pump has failed, the well will continue to shoot water on the second (backup) line.
Control functionality of pumping equipment. During the device downtime, it is prevented by changing.

Typical equipment of control cabinet

The distribution cabinet for the submersible pump (water, drainage, firefighter) consists of the following elements:

The housing is a metal box, calculated for the installation of electrical equipment.
The front panel is made on the basis of the housing cover, which is built in the "Stop" / "Start" buttons. On the front side, indicators of operation of sensors and pumps, as well as switching relays from manual to automatic mode.
The phase control unit consists of three sensors tracking the load on phases. The device is installed near the "login" in the hardware of the distribution cabinet.
Contractor is a switch that feeds electricity on the pumping terminals and the disabling unit from the network.
The fuse is a special relay, the impact of the short circuit in the system. In case of closure, the flashing fuse element will be blocked, and not the engine winding or the contents of the cabinet.

Control unit - controls the mode of operation of the unit. It consists of a switch / turning on the pump and the overflow sensor. Sensor terminals are entered into the hydraulic and well.
The frequency converter controls the rollers of the shaft of the asynchronous motor, dropping and increasing the speed of rotation at the time of turning off and start the pump.
Pressure and temperature sensors are connected to the contractor and block the launch of the unit in improper operating conditions - infusion of pipes, increase pressure, etc.

A similar "filling" of the control cabinets is adopted as a basis by many manufacturers. But along with the fact, some companies are implementing innovative solutions to a model scheme, increasing the competitiveness of the product.

Overview of the control units of different manufacturers

Automatic station "Cascade"

The station control station "Cascade" is designed to automatically control / protect the three-phase motor of the unit, designed for 380 V. Station is a metal cabinet locked on the lock. The kit includes:

control station;
dry stroke sensor (conductor type);
level sensor;
passport and instruction manual.

Technical and operational characteristics of the station "Cascade":

rated current - up to 250 A;
working position - vertical;
power sensors of alternating current;
measuring current on load phases;
power supply - 380 V;
degree of protection - IP21, IP54.

Produced models

Emergency shutdown in case:

overloads during operation and at the time of launch;
cliff of one / two phases;
"Idle" engine during the engine;
overheating of the electric motor;
low Debit of Well;
short circuit in the circuit of the electric motor.

Control device "Height"

The protection / control / control device of the submersible nao "height" is intended for centrifugal wells with a capacity of 2.8-90 kW. Main functions:

start / stopping pump depending on the level of fluid in the tank;
turning off the unit with short circuits;
protection against dry stroke;
control of engine insulation resistance;
load control in phase.

Important! If the level sensor is not used, then the device is possible in the remote control mode

Principle of operation of the station "Height"

In the absence of water tank, the lower and upper electronic sensors (KNU, KVU) are open, and the relay K1 is de-energized - the pumping equipment is launched. At the top level of fluid, the KUV contact closes the circuit, the switch is triggered to the K1 relay and the circuit of the starter coil circuit - the pump is turned off. After lowering the water level below the KNU, the electric pump is repeated.

Protection against short circuit electrocups is provided by the QF switch, the control circuit is the FU fuse. The current thermal relay of the QC protects against overloads, when the light bulb is triggered with the inscription "Overload".

Control device Aries SAU-M2

The device for controlling the SAU-M2 Aries submersible pump is used to maintain water level in accumulative tanks, tanks, septic tanks and drying complexes.

Specifications and operating conditions:

nominally voltage - 220V;
permissible deviations from the level of the recommended voltage - + 10 ... -15%;
maximum allowable current - 8 A;
the resistance of the liquid at which the sensor is triggered - up to 500 kΩ;
the degree of covered hull - IP44;
ambient temperature - + 1 ... + 50 ° C;
relative air humidity - maximum 80% at a temperature of + 35 ° C;
atmospheric pressure is about 86-106.7 kPa.

Functional scheme of the control unit of the SaU-M2 submersible pump

When the water level in the tank reaches the bottom mark, where the long electrode of the tank sensor is installed, the container is automatically filled to the top level on which the short electrode of the tank sensor is mounted. 2 three-electrode sensors are connected to the device:

sensor of the level of the tank;
the level sensor in the container used to fence fluid (well).

Comparators 1-4 compare the values \u200b\u200bof the signals with the reference value, after which they give a signal to turn on / off the pump relay to which the electrically approved the unit is connected.

The "pump" relay turns off when flooding the short electrode of the sensor of the container and turns on when the long electrode is drained (lower level).

Simple immersion control scheme

For the arrangement of cottage water supply on a small elevation, it is desirable to place a container for the accumulation of water. From the tank along tap pipes, the water will be supplied to the house and the desired places of the household site. The figure shows the scheme of the simplest pump control mechanism, which can be organized independently.

The scheme consists of a small number of elements. The advantages of such management are simplicity of installation and reliability.

Principle of operation:

Running and turning off the unit is carried out by a normal-closed contact relay K1.1.
The mode of operation is selected by the S2 switch (water-drainage).
The F1 and F2 sensors control the water level in the tank (a conventional wooden barrel or plastic container can be used as a tank.
Turning on the power switch S1, in the case when the fluid level is below the sensor F1 The relay coil is de-energized - the pump is started through the closed contacts of the relay K1.1. After the water rises to the sensor F1, the VT1 transistor will open and turn on the K1 relay. Normally-closed contacts K1.1 will be disconnected and the unit will stop.

The control system uses a low-power transformer from a broadcast receiver. It is important to observe that the voltage on the C1 condenser was at least 24 V CD212A diodes can be replaced by any diode with a straightened current of about 1 A and a reverse voltage of more than 100 V.

strport.ru.

Good all the time of day. I ask for help in creating a firmware to control the water pressure pump.
Firmware for cheap MK such as PIC12F675 or attiny13a.
Tasks of the pump control unit.
1) maintaining water pressure in the water supply system.
2) protection against dry stroke (disconnecting the pump during the absence of water in the system)
3) The "Forced stop" button of the pump having priority is regardless of sensor readings.
4) Button "Forced Start" (necessary after an emergency stop or to start the system after a forced stop)

And so everything is in order:
1)
Pump launch system (bottom water pressure threshold)
It is planned to use the usual cheapest mechanical switching relay
Such like this

Its task is to serve only the pump engine when the lower threshold of the specified water pressure is reached in the system. It is assumed that the presence of normally open contacts that, when reaching the lower threshold, will go to a closed state.
2)
The pump engine shutdown system when the upper pressure threshold is reached in the system as well as protection against the dry drive of the engine during the absence of water in the water supply system
The pump engine shutdown system is scheduled to perform with your own hands that hears its cost and increases the reliability of the system (which has already been verified on their personal experience through trial tests)
The shutdown system is two plastic pipes (diameter each selects under its needs and capabilities) located in the vertical position and are panled.
On the picture, the tubes are shown in blue.

In one of the tubes there will be a glass capsule (flask) inside which is located a neodymium magnet. I used the bottle of traffic vapors as a capsule. Putting there a neodymium magnet and closing the capsule began to experiment in a basin with water. The purpose of the experiment is to achieve the maximum slow immersion of the water capsule on the bottom. Capsule even with a magnet remains afloat and does not sink, it is necessary to put there so many magnets that the capsule is slowly tone. I put 4-plane round-born neodymium magnets and added a little slightly sand. In general, it is necessary to achieve the slowest immersion
Under the water, but it is necessary that the Capsule would go to the bottom, because at the bottom of the tube, where the capsule will be installed normally open rearround. Thus, we achieve two tasks at once:
a) protection from dry stroke (in the absence of water in the system) Since without water, the capsule will be constantly at the bottom and the magnets of the capsules will affect the gercon moving it into a closed state.
b) Turning off the pump when the maximum pressure is reached. After reaching the lower pressure threshold, the mechanical relay will start the engine and the process of injection pressure and filling the receiver with water and all this time of the flask with magnets will be in the upper position in removing from Herron. As soon as the system is filled (including the receiver) and all the cranes of consumers will be closed the movement of water in the tube will stop and the capsule with magnets will fall to the bottom and turn off (using the Herrock) motor pump.

In this case, the priority of the shutdown sensor should be higher than that of the power sensor

What good is this engine shutdown system and drying protection?
1) The fact that during the absence in the water system the capsule with magnets will definitely be in the lower position, which will cause the engine shutdown.
2) In the fact that all different engines and pumps to them have different power and this shutdown system itself determines the maximum power of the pump and turn off the engine when the maximum top pressure is reached.

I have a Chinese pump inside which there are 5 impellers on the same shaft. When all the impellers are working and the pumped pump is gaining a working pressure of 6 atmospheres, but if one of them breaks the pressure up to 6 atmospheres, this system does not reach and this system will turn off the pump on a pressure limit possible for the pump, since in the absence of water duct capsule with magnets Swears to the German.

I have already collected the system itself and tried in the case, it works fine without complaints, but I do not have a microcontroller control to it and I use the CD4013BE microcircuit control.

But I would like to use the MK with the functions described at the beginning.

Read more about the firmware.
One out of the MC will be served a signal starting signal from a mechanical relay (for example GND)
On the second output of the MK, the shutdown signal moves from the Herron (and also GND). This signal must have an advantage over the engine on signal, which means that even the mechanical relay will receive a signal to turn on the engine, when the engine is turned on, the pump engine will be turned off but ! This priority should be a delay of 5 seconds. Why do you need a delay of 5 seconds?
When the pump engine is turned off and the reservoir of the geron will definitely be unambiguously in the closed state and at the lower pressure threshold (and with a constant priority of the off state), the Geron simply will not give it to turn on the pump.
The third output of the MK is a button forced to disconnect the system (turn off the system until the button is prescribed the engine start.
The fourth MK output is the button forced to start the pump engine (it will start the system or after an emergency stop at the moment of lack of water in the system, or after the pump engine is forced to stop, while after pressing this button, the system must operate in normal mode.
Fifth output from MK - output to the relay control, to start the pump engine.

In general, if you can write the firmware on the small MK with 8 legs PPIC12F675 or attiny13a
Which is the following functionality:
When the signal is submitted to the start of the engine, the launch of the relay is carried out for 5 seconds and if after 5 seconds the reservoir will not open, the system will go to the emergency mode. If, within 5 seconds, the Germans will open, the system will work until the gercon as a dialed pressure is not closed again. Just add two buttons - "Forced switching on" and "Forced shutdown" for use when watering or long-term use of water that does not require good pressure.

sxem.org.

Conductometric management method

There is a significantly more reliable method of control and control over the level of fluid - this is a conductor method. True, only for conducting liquids, but the overwhelming majority of tasks concerns the regulation of the water level, which perfectly conducts the current.
The principle is based on the fact that the electrodes are immersed in the liquid, between which a small current with a slight voltage flows. A special controller thus keeps track of the fluid level with absolute accuracy. The method has a high reliability, control accuracy and more bending mode, because You can arbitrarily set levels.

Let us give an example: there is a low-flow well, respectively, the well pump is required to protect from work without water as reliably as possible and ensure its comfortable operation. Only by the conductor we can provide the correct mode of operation of the pump and high trigger reliability.
We can set the mode in which the pump will be turned off at an invalid level of fluid, and turn on only with the full recovery of the water level in the well. This will allow not only to protect the pump, but also provide a rare launch of the pump. Otherwise, its resource will be much reduced, because A small water lift will turn on the pump, which in a matter of seconds this water rolls out and turns off again. And so short cycles. This is uncomfortable and quickly will withdraw the pump.
The controller is a universal commuting product, which can be found a lot of applications and expand functionality. For example, you want to know about an emergency - connect a modular buzzer or lamp, which will signal a malfunction. By connecting the cranes with the servo, it is easy to build a system of protection against water leakage. And much more.

Any conductive metal object is suitable as electrodes for the conductive metallic system. But as many materials are oxidized and rust, it is recommended to use elements from brass and stainless steel as electrodes.
Offered factory electrodes can be viewed here

As a common (lower) electrode, you can also use a controlled container housing if it is metallic. When automation of the submersible pump, the housing of the pump itself can be used as a common electrode, then we simply connect the terminal of the total electrode to contact the pump of the pump cable.

vodoprovod.ru.

The need to use automation

In order for the water home water supply system automatic and worked without your intervention, an automatic (automation system) is required, which will maintain a certain pressure in the system and manage the start and stopping the pumping equipment.

In order for the pump control is simple and reliable, in addition to standard general purpose equipment (contactors, magnetic starters, switches and intermediate relays), special control and control devices are used. These include the following products:

inkjet relays;
pressure control sensors and fluid levels;
electrode relays;
capacitive sensors;
manometers;
float level sensors.

Pump Equipment Management Options

The following types of devices are used to control the submersible pump:

control panel consisting of a block of necessary mechanisms;
pressectrol;
automatic control that maintains a certain pressure in the water supply system.

The control panel is a rather simple block that allows you to protect the pumping product from voltage drops and short circuits. Automatic functioning mode can be obtained if you connect the control unit to the pressure switch and the fluid level. In some cases, the control panel is attached to the float sensor. The price of such a block of control is low, but its effectiveness without the use of pump protection from work on dry and pressure switch in doubt.

Tip: For self-installation it is better to use a block with a built-in system.

The control unit in the form of a presstructrol has built-in passive protection from working on dry, as well as equipment for automated pump operation. To control the system, it is required to control a number of parameters, namely the fluid pressure and flow level. For example, if water consumption exceeds 50 liters per minute, then pumping equipment under the control of the plentroller works without stopping. The machine works and turns off the pump if the water flow decreases, and the pressure in the system rises. If the fluid flow is less than 50 liters per minute, then the pump product starts with a decrease in pressure in the system to 1.5 bar. Such a machine operation is especially important with sharp pressure jumps when you need to reduce the number of starts and pump stops at a minimum flow rate.

The control machine that allows you to maintain constant pressure in the system, it is necessary to use where any pressure jumps are extremely undesirable.

ATTENTION: If the pressure indicators are constantly overestimated, the electricity consumption will increase, and the pump efficiency will be reduced on the contrary.

Cabinet control

The most perfect machine for controlling the operation of pumping equipment is a control cabinet. All the necessary components and safety blocks are built into this device to control the submersible pump.

With this cabinet, you can solve many tasks:

Equipment provides a safe smooth engine start.
Adjust the operation of the frequency converter.
The device monitors the operating parameters of the autonomous water supply system, namely pressure, fluid temperature, water level in the well.
The automatic solves the characteristics of the current terminal on the engine terminals, and also adjusts the rotational speed of the shaft of the pumping equipment.

There are also control cabinets that can serve several pumps. These products can solve even more tasks:

They will monitor the frequency of pump operation, which will increase the service life of the aggregates, since due to the control unit, uniform wear can be ensured.
Special relays will track the continuous operation of pump products. At the failure of one unit, the work will be shifted on the second product.
Also, the automation system can independently monitor the health of the pumping equipment. During long inactivity of pumps, their grain will be prevented.

The standard setting of the control cabinet includes the following nodes and elements:

Case in the form of a steel box with doors.
Based on the case cover, the front panel is manufactured. The start and stop buttons are built into it. The panels are installed indicators of the pump and sensors, as well as the relay to select the automatic and manual operation mode.
Near the cabinet hardware compartment is set to the phase control device, which consists of 3 sensors. This unit tracks the load on phases.
The contactor is a product for supplying an electric current on the pump terminals and turn off the unit from the network.
Safety relay to protect against short circuit. In the event of a closure, a fuse will be damaged, and not the winding of the pump or the nodes and parts of the cabinet.
To control the operation of the unit in the closet there is a control unit. There are sensors of overflow, starting and stopping the pump. At the same time, the terminals of these sensors are displayed in a well or hydrobic.
To control the rotation of the motor shaft, a frequency converter is used. It allows you to smoothly reset and increase the engine speed when starting and stopping the pumping equipment.
Temperature and pressure sensors are attached to the contactor and prevent the pump to start in unsuitable conditions.

Simple control scheme

The use of a simple scheme is justified to arrange the water supply of a small country house. In this case, the water collection capacity is better to be placed on a small elevation. From the cumulative tank on the pipeline system, water will be supplied in different places of the household plot and to the house.

Tip: You can use a metal, plastic or wooden barrel or tank as a cumulative container.

The simplest diagram of pumping equipment is easy to implement independently, since it consists of a small number of items. The main advantage of such a scheme is reliability and simplicity of installation.

The principle of operation of this control circuit is as follows:

To enable and disconnect the pumping equipment, a contact relay (K 1.1) of a normally closed type is used.
The scheme implies two modes of operation - rise water from the well and drainage. The selection of this or that mode is carried out using the switch (S2).
To control the water level in the accumulative capacity, the relay F 1 and 2 are used.
When the water is reduced in the tank below the location of the sensor F1, power is turned on through the S switch at the same time the relay coil will be de-energized. Running pump equipment occurs when contacting contacts on the relay K1.1.
After the lifting level of the liquid to the F1 sensor, the VT1 transistor and the switching on the K1 relay will occur. At the same time, the contacts of a normal-closed type on the relay K1.1 will open and the pumping equipment will turn off.

In this control system, a low-power transformer is used, which can be taken in a rotational receiver. When assembling the system, it is important that the voltage of at least 24 values \u200b\u200bis supplied to the C1 capacitor if you do not have diodes CD 212 A, then instead you can use any diodes with a straightened current in the range of 1 A, while the reverse voltage must be more than 100 V.

vodakanazer.ru.

Principle of action of a float sensor

The liquid is placed the object that is not sinking in it. It can be a piece of wood or foam, hollow Sealed Sphere from Plastics or metal and much more. When a liquid level changes, this item will rise or descend along with it. If the float is connected to the actuator, it will perform the water level sensor functions in the container.

Classification of equipment

Float sensors can independently control over the level of fluid or feed the signal into the control circuit. According to this principle, they can be divided into two large groups: mechanical and electric.

Mechanical devices

Mechanical include the most diverse float valves of the water level in the tank. The principle of their action is that the float is connected to the lever, with a change in the level of fluid, the float moves up or down this leverAnd he, in turn, acts on the valve, which overlaps (opens) water supply. Such valves can be seen in the drain tanks of the toilet bowls. They are very convenient to use where you need to constantly add water from the central water supply system.

Mechanical sensors have a number of benefits:

simplicity of design;
compactness;
safety;
autonomy - do not require any sources of electricity;
reliability;
cheapness;
ease of installation and settings.

But these sensors have one significant drawback: they can only control one (top) level, which depends on the place of installation, and adjust it, if possible, then in very small limits. On sale such a valve can Clause "Crane Float for Cucats".

Electric sensors

The electrical sensor of the liquid level (float) differs from the mechanical fact that it does not overlap himself. Float, moving when changing the amount of fluid, affects the electrical contacts that are included in the control circuit. Based on these signals, the automatic control system decides on the need for certain actions. In the simplest case, such a sensor has a float. This float affects the contact through which the pump is turned on.

Herkes are most often used as contacts. Gercon is a glass tight blast with contacts inside. Switching these contacts occurs under the magnetic field. Herkes have miniature sizes and are easily placed inside a thin tube from non-magnetic material (plastic, aluminum). On the tube, under the action of fluid, the float with a magnet is fluid, with the approximation of which the contacts are triggered. All this system is installed vertically in the tank. By changing the position of Herkeon inside the tube, you can adjust the moment of operation of the automation.

If you need to follow the upper level in the tank, the sensor is set up. As soon as the level drops below the installed, the contact will clocked, the pump will turn on. The water will begin to add, and when the water level will reach the upper limit, the float will return to its original state, and the pump will turn off. However, in practice it is impossible to apply this scheme. The fact is that the sensor is triggered at the slightest change in level, after this turns on the pump, the level rises, and the pump is turned off. If the water flow from the tank is lessThan the feed, the situation occurs when the pump is constantly turned on and turned off, while it quickly overheats and fails.

Therefore, water level sensors To control the pump work otherwise. In the containers there are at least two contacts. One is responsible for the top level, it turns off the pump. The second determines the position of the lower level, when the pump is reached, the pump is turned on. Thus, the number of launches is significantly reduced, which ensures reliable operation of the entire system. If the difference in the levels is small, it is convenient to use a tube with two germes inside and one float that commutes them. With a difference, more than a meter use two separate sensors installed at the required heights.

Despite the more complex design and necessity of the control scheme, electric float sensors allow you to fully automate the process of controlling the level of fluid.

If you connect light bulbs through such sensors, they can be used to visually control the amount of fluid in the tank.

Homemade float switch

If you have time and desire, the simplest float sensor water level can be made with their own hands, and the costs of it will be minimal.

Mechanical system

In order to simplify Design, as a locking device, we will use a ball valve (crane). The smallest valves (semi-levy and less) are well suitable. Such a crane has a handle that it closes. For reworking it in the sensor, it is necessary to lengthen this handle with a strip of metal. The strip is attached to the handle through the holes drilled in it with the corresponding screws. The cross section of this lever must be minimal, but it should not be flexing under the action of the float. The length of it is about 50 cm. Float is attached at the end of this lever.

As a float you can use two-liter plastic bottle From soda. A bottle is filled with water.

You can check the system operation without installing it in the tank. To do this, set the crane vertically, and put the lever with a float in a horizontal position. If everything is done correctly, then under the action of the mass of water in the bottle, the lever will start moving down and will take a vertical position, the valve handle will also be checked with it. Now immerse the device into water. A bottle should pop up and turn the valve knob.

Since the valves differ in size and effort to be attached to switch them, you may need to configure the system. In case the float cannot turn the valve, you can enlarge lever length or take a bottle of greater volume.

We mount the sensor in the capacitance at the desired level in the horizontal position, while in the vertical position of the float valve must be opened, and in the horizontal - closed.

Electric type sensor

For self-making sensor This type, besides the usual instrument, you will need:

Production sequence as follows:

When the liquid level changes, it moves with it and the float, which acts on the electrical contact to control the water level in the tank. The control circuit with such a sensor may have the appearance presented in the figure. Points 1, 2, 3 are the Wire connection points, which comes from our sensor. Point 2 is a common point.

Consider the principle of operation of the self-made device. Suppose at the time of turning on the reservoir Empty, the float is in the lower level position (well), this contact closes and supplies power on the relay (P).

The relay works and closes the contacts P1 and P2. P1 is a contact of self-locking. It is needed so that the relay does not turn off (the pump continued to work), when the water starts to arrive, and contact well will open. Contact P2 connects the pump (H) to the power source.

When the level rises to the top value, the German will work and open his contact Wu. The relay will be de-energized, it will open its contacts P1 and P2, and the pump will turn off.

With a decrease in the amount of water in the float tank, it will begin to descend, but until it occurs the lower position and does not block the contact well, the pump will not turn on. When this happens, the work cycle will repeat again.

This is how the float switch of water level control.

During operation, it is necessary to periodically purify the pipe and float from pollution. Herkes withstand a huge number of switches, so such a sensor will last for many years.

Uninterrupted water supply of a private house - the task is quite perfect. To do this, you need to automate the process of replenishing the water consumable in tanks. Since most high-quality automata is quite expensive, and available at the price do not satisfy the quality requirements, you can make a homemade device to regulate water supply with a deep pump from a well or well.

Typically, water from the well enters the drive from which it is used to be used through the connected cranes. As the fluid is spent, the pump will automatically be turned on before the capacity is filling and timely turn it off, preventing overflow or gap.

For this purpose, the gerons can be used, which are a hermetic contact controlled by a magnet. Such contacts are usually used in television and radio equipment. They are reliable and durable. Herkes usually have three switching contacts. But you can use copies with two conclusions, you just need to purchase two different gercoons - are normal - closed and normally - open contacts.

The pump starter is installed in a convenient place of the room. The voltage from the network is supplied to his input, and an electrical pump is connected to the output contact. Inside the tank to its cover, a plastic tube is fixed, inside of which a cylindrical float is placed with a magnet fixed on it. As a floh, you can use a piece of foam. As water accumulates in the reservoir, the float rises upwards, and when the water level decreases.

Herkes are fixed on the plastic tube - the upper, opening network, at the maximum water level, the lower, closing, at the minimum level. When the water set, the magnet on the float rises to the level of the upper germe. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the Gercon works, turning off the pump from the network - the water set is stopped. When water consumption, the magnet is lowered to the lower germe, and the chain closes - the pump turns on and pumps water from the well to the required level. Thanks to the reliability of the germs, the system of automatic control of the submersible pump is working trouble-free.

Assembling a low ceiling depository pump automaton.

If the cumulative tank is installed in the room in such a way that the distance from its rapid edges to the ceiling is too small, then the installation of the pump control automaton is made in another way.

The float, lowered into the tank, is connected to the twine through the system of the guide pulleys with a magnet. As a pulley, you can use bobbins from the sewing machine. The plastic tube with the magnet is placed outside the tank, in any convenient place, but so that there are no obstacles for the free movement of the twine. At the same time, the twine should be slightly stretched, for which you can add small weights to the magnet.

Herkes are attached to the outer surface of the tube in the desired height corresponding to the level of inclusion and disconnection of the pump. In this case, the operating network of the Germans will be lower than the closing.

Managing the work of the pump by the usual switch.

In some cases, the organization of automatic control of the pump with the help of gerons may be complex or impossible. In this case, there is an option to automate the inclusion and disconnection of the system using a simple wall-mounted circuit breaker. With its simplicity, this type of pump control is less reliable and is not durable. Much depends on the quality of the electro switch itself.

1. A float (sanitary or foam) is installed in the accumulative container. A non-metallic rod is attached to it, which is displayed out.

2. The guide tube is attached to the inner walls of the tank, inside which, with minimal resistance, will move up - down the rod from the float.

3. The magnet is attached to the rod, which will change the position of the switch of the switch to "On" or "off." In this case, the magnet must be powerful enough so that its magnetic field can overcome the power of the spring resistance inside the switch.

4. On the switch key, it is necessary to securely secure the metal plate or durable wire, the ends of which it is recommended to be bought in the form of a mustache.

5. The consumable tank and switch are attached to one wall, and the switch is located above the tank.

6. To connect the pump to the switch, the phase power cable wire is cut, and the ends are connected to the switch contacts. The cable plug is inserted into the outlet.

How this type of machine works.

1. When spending water from the accumulative capacity, its level decreases, respectively, the magnet on the rod moves down. At that moment, when it reaches the level of the lower contact mustache, the sharply attracts to the magnet, translating the switch to the "On" position. The pump turns on, the water set begins.

The device made by your own hands on one transistor can make almost anyone who wants this and makes little efforts to purchase very inexpensive and not numerous components and spikes them into the scheme. It is used to automatically replenish water in the expenditure capacities of the house, in the country and wherever water is present, without restrictions. And there are a lot of such places. To begin with, consider the scheme of this device. It's simpler simply.

Water control in automatic mode using the simplest electronic water level control circuit.
The entire water level control circuit consists of several simple parts and if without errors are assembled from good parts, it does not need to be configured and immediately earned, as scheduled. I have a similar scheme without failures have been working for almost three years, and I am very pleased with it.

Diagram of automatic water level control

List of parts

The transistor can be applied any of these: CT815A or B. TIP29A. TIP61A. BD139. BD167. BD815.
GK1 - Geron lower level.
GK2 - Geron top-level.
GK3 - Geron emergency level.
D1 - any red LED.
R1 - resistor 3K 0.25 watts.
R2 - 300 Ohm resistor 0.125 watts.
K1 - any relay by 12 volts with two pairs normally open contacts.
K2 - any relay by 12 volts with one pair of normally open contacts.
As sources of signal to replenish water into the container, I used float geron contacts. The scheme is indicated by GK1, GK2 and GK3. Chinese production, but very decent quality. I can not say any bad word. In the containers where they are standing, I have the treatment of water with ozone and over the years of work on them, not the slightest damage. Ozone is an extremely aggressive chemical element and many plastics it dissolves completely without residue.

Now consider the operation of the scheme in automatic mode.
When power is applied to the diagram, the float of the lower level of GK1 is triggered and through its contact and resistors R1I R2 are powered by the transistor base. The transistor opens and thereby supplies power to the coil relay K1. The relay turns on and its contact K1.1 blocks GK1 (lower level), and contact K1.2 supplies power to the coil of the K2 relay, which is executive and includes its contact K2.1 actuator. The actuator may be a water pump or an electric valve that feed water into the container.
Water is replenished and when the lower level exceeds, the GK1 turns off, thereby preparing the next cycle of work. Having reached the top level, the water will raise the float and turn on the GK2 (top level) in the very closic chain through R1, K1.1, GK2. Powered to the transistor base will be interrupted, and it will close, turning off the relay K1, which will open K1.1 with their contacts and turns off the K2 relay. Relay, in turn, turn off the executive mechanism. The scheme is prepared for a new work cycle. GK3 is a float of the emergency level and serves as insurance if suddenly will not work the top-level float. Diode D1 is an indicator of the device operation in water filling mode.
And now we will proceed to the manufacture of this very useful device.

We place details on the fee.

All items are placed on a dumping board so as not to make printed. When placing parts, you need to consider to solder as few jumpers as possible. You need to maximize the conductors of the elements themselves for installation.

Final look.

When there is a need to control the level of fluid, many perform this work manually, and this is extremely inefficient, takes a lot of time and strength, and the consequences of the absence can do it very expensive: for example, a flooded apartment or a burnt pump. This can be easily avoided using float water level sensors. These are simple design and principle of the device, affordable.

At home, sensors of this type allow you to automate such processes as:

control of fluid level in the consumable tank;
pumping groundwater from the cellar;
turning off the pump when the level in the well drops below the permissible, and some others.

Principle of action of a float sensor

Classification of equipment

Mechanical devices

Mechanical include the most diverse float valves of the water level in the tank.
The invention of their action is that the float is connected to the lever, when the fluid level changes, the float moves up or down this leverAnd he, in turn, acts on the valve, which overlaps (opens) water supply. Such valves can be seen in the drain tanks of the toilet bowls. They are very convenient to use where you need to constantly add water from the central water supply system.

Mechanical sensors have a number of benefits:

simplicity of design;
compactness;
safety;
autonomy - do not require any sources of electricity;
reliability;
cheapness;
ease of installation and settings.

Electric sensors

The electrical sensor of the liquid level (float) differs from the mechanical fact that it does not overlap himself.
Melting, moving when changing the amount of fluid, affects the electrical contacts that are included in the control circuit. Based on these signals, the automatic control system decides on the need for certain actions. In the simplest case, such a sensor has a float. This float affects the contact through which the pump is turned on.

Despite the more complex design and necessity of the control scheme, electric float sensors allow you to fully automate the process of controlling the level of fluid.

If you connect light bulbs through such sensors, they can be used to visually control the amount of fluid in the tank.

Homemade float switch

If you have time and desire, the simplest float sensor water level can be made with their own hands, and the costs of it will be minimal.

Mechanical system

As a float you can use two-liter plastic bottle From soda. A bottle is filled with water.

We mount the sensor in the capacitance at the desired level in the horizontal position, while in the vertical position of the float valve must be opened, and in the horizontal - closed.

Electric type sensor

For self-making sensor This type, besides the usual instrument, you will need:

Production sequence as follows:

When the level rises to the top value, the German will work and open his contact Wu. The relay will be de-energized, it will open its contacts P1 and P2, and the pump will turn off.

This is how the float switch of water level control.

During operation, it is necessary to periodically purify the pipe and float from pollution. Herkes withstand a huge number of switches, so such a sensor will last for many years.

instrument.Guru.

Overview of control blocks of different manufacturersA
- Control device Aries SAU-M2

Control of the submersible pump - the feasibility of automation

To improve the country's house full-featured water supply system, automation of the process of filling consumables is necessary. The pump control must be reliable in operation and easy to device.

Automation of the pumping unit allows you to achieve uninterrupted and reliable water supply, reduce operating costs and labor costs, as well as reduce the volume of regulatory tanks.

inkjet relays;
level control relays and fill;
electrode level relays;
capacitive type sensors;
various manometers;
float relay, etc.

Submersible pump control options

You can select three types of devices for controlling the submersible pump:

control unit in the form of a console;
pressectrol;
automatic control with a mechanism for maintaining a constant water pressure in the system.

Successful models of presscal equipment: BRIO-2000M and Aquarius.

Third option - block control with maintaining stable pressure throughout the system. This device is advisable to install where the pressure drops are extremely undesirable.

Important! Stable overestimated pressure indicators increase the consumption of electricity, while the efficiency of pumping equipment decreases

Submersible pump control cabinet: need and function

Control cabinet is a mandatory element of the autonomous water supply system operating on the submersible type pump. It integrates all control, control units and safety blocks.

With the assistance of the distribution cabinet, it will be possible to solve a number of tasks:

Ensuring a smooth, safe start of the pump electric motor.
Regulation of the frequency converter.
Track operational parameters of autonomous water supply: water temperature, pressure in the pipes, level in the well.
Alignment of the current characteristics, which is fed to the terminals of the electric motor and adjusts the speed of the pump shaft.

The control cabinet serving at the same time several units has an extended functionality:

Control of the frequency of pumping pumps. Control units alternately provide uniform wear of the machine part of the equipment. This increases almost twice the life of the pressure equipment.
Tracking the continuity of the work of the aggregates. If one pump has failed, the well will continue to shoot water on the second (backup) line.
Control functionality of pumping equipment. During the device downtime, it is prevented by changing.

Typical equipment of control cabinet

The distribution cabinet for the submersible pump (water, drainage, firefighter) consists of the following elements:

The housing is a metal box, calculated for the installation of electrical equipment.
The front panel is made on the basis of the housing cover, which is built in the "Stop" / "Start" buttons. On the front side, indicators of operation of sensors and pumps, as well as switching relays from manual to automatic mode.
The phase control unit consists of three sensors tracking the load on phases. The device is installed near the "login" in the hardware of the distribution cabinet.
Contractor is a switch that feeds electricity on the pumping terminals and the disabling unit from the network.
The fuse is a special relay, the impact of the short circuit in the system. In case of closure, the flashing fuse element will be blocked, and not the engine winding or the contents of the cabinet.
Control unit - controls the mode of operation of the unit. It consists of a switch / turning on the pump and the overflow sensor. Sensor terminals are entered into the hydraulic and well.
The frequency converter controls the rollers of the shaft of the asynchronous motor, dropping and increasing the speed of rotation at the time of turning off and start the pump.
Pressure and temperature sensors are connected to the contractor and block the launch of the unit in improper operating conditions - infusion of pipes, increase pressure, etc.

Overview of the control units of different manufacturers

Automatic station "Cascade"

control station;
dry stroke sensor (conductor type);
level sensor;
passport and instruction manual.

Technical and operational characteristics of the station "Cascade":

rated current - up to 250 A;
working position - vertical;
power sensors of alternating current;
measuring current on load phases;
power supply - 380 V;
degree of protection - IP21, IP54.

Produced models

Emergency shutdown in case:

overloads during operation and at the time of launch;
cliff of one / two phases;
"Idle" engine during the engine;
overheating of the electric motor;
low Debit of Well;
short circuit in the circuit of the electric motor.

Control device "Height"

The protection / control / control device of the submersible nao "height" is intended for centrifugal wells with a capacity of 2.8-90 kW. Main functions:

start / stopping pump depending on the level of fluid in the tank;
turning off the unit with short circuits;
protection against dry stroke;
control of engine insulation resistance;
load control in phase.

Important! If the level sensor is not used, then the device is possible in the remote control mode

Principle of operation of the station "Height"

Control device Aries SAU-M2

The device for controlling the SAU-M2 Aries submersible pump is used to maintain water level in accumulative tanks, tanks, septic tanks and drying complexes.

Specifications and operating conditions:

nominally voltage - 220V;
permissible deviations from the level of the recommended voltage - + 10 ... -15%;
maximum allowable current - 8 A;
the resistance of the liquid at which the sensor is triggered - up to 500 kΩ;
the degree of covered hull - IP44;
ambient temperature - + 1 ... + 50 ° C;
relative air humidity - maximum 80% at a temperature of + 35 ° C;
atmospheric pressure is about 86-106.7 kPa.

Functional scheme of the control unit of the SaU-M2 submersible pump

sensor of the level of the tank;
the level sensor in the container used to fence fluid (well).

The "pump" relay turns off when flooding the short electrode of the sensor of the container and turns on when the long electrode is drained (lower level).

Simple immersion control scheme

The scheme consists of a small number of elements. The advantages of such management are simplicity of installation and reliability.

Principle of operation:

Running and turning off the unit is carried out by a normal-closed contact relay K1.1.
The mode of operation is selected by the S2 switch (water-drainage).
The F1 and F2 sensors control the water level in the tank (a conventional wooden barrel or plastic container can be used as a tank.
Turning on the power switch S1, in the case when the fluid level is below the sensor F1 The relay coil is de-energized - the pump is started through the closed contacts of the relay K1.1. After the water rises to the sensor F1, the VT1 transistor will open and turn on the K1 relay. Normally-closed contacts K1.1 will be disconnected and the unit will stop.

strport.ru.

Control scheme (shutdown) pump for water pumping by degree

Let's start with the water pumping scheme, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping water to a certain extent, and then turn off the pump so that it does not work at idle. Take a look at the scheme below.

Actually, such a fundamental electrical circuit is capable of providing water pumping, to a predetermined degree. Let's look at the principle of her work, which is here and why. So, imagine that water replenishes our reservoir, it is not significant that this is your room, a cellar or tank ... As a result, when the water comes to the upper germe of Sv1, then a voltage is supplied to the reel. P1. Its contacts are closed, and through them there is a parallel connection to the German. Such a manner relays is self-shaping. The power relay P2 is also included, which commutes the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on on pumping. Next, the water level begins to decrease and comes to Herkeon Sv2, in this case it will be closed and submits a positive potential for the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on the coil on both sides, the current does not go, the magnetic field of the relay is weakening - the P1 relay is turned off. When the P1 is disconnected, the tables for the P2 relay are turned off, that is, the pump also ceases to pump water. In subseeration from the power of the pump, you can pick up the relay to the current you need.
We did not utter anything about the 200 ohm resistor. It is necessary so that in the process of turning on Herkeon SV2 did not happen a short circuit with a minus, through the contacts of the relay. The resistor is better to choose such that it allows him to confidently work the relay P1, but it was the maximum possible potential. In our case, it was 200 ohm. Another feature of the scheme is the use of gerks. Their plus when applied is obvious, they are not in contact with water, which means that there will be no possible changes in currents and potentials on various life situations, whether it is a salt or unclean water ... The scheme will always work stable and "without drying".
Well, now submit to analyze the opposite situation when it is necessary to pump water on the contrary to the tank and disconnect with a redesign level.

Control circuit (shutdown) pump on water pumping by degree

If you cover our article all running and once with your eyes, notice that we simply notice the second scheme in the article and did not lead, except that Rossel. In self-esteem, it is of course a reasonable fact, because in fact, the pumping scheme from the pumping scheme is distinguished, except that the gerons are located at the bottom of the second at the bottom. That is, if you rearrange the gerons in places, or reconnect contacts to them, then one scheme to contact another. That is, we summarize that in order to redo the above scheme in the water pumping scheme, change the henchings of the German. As a result, the pump will include from the lower sensor - the Hercon SV1, and turn off on top degree from Herron SV2.

Implementation of the installation of gerons as the end sensors to trigger the pump in the subage of water

In addition to the electrical circuit, you will need to make a design that provides a circuit of the germs in the pile of water. We can offer you a couple of options that will satisfy such conditions. Take a look at them below.

In the first case, a construction is implemented using a thread, cable. In the second rigid construction, when the magnets are entered on the rod floating on the float. Describe the elements of each of the designs of a special reason from Neti, here in principle and so everything is extremely clear.

Connecting the pump according to the triggering scheme in the pile of water in the tank - summing up

The most important thing is that these scheme is very simple, does not require settling and repeat it can be utilitarian any, even without having experience with electronics. The second, the scheme is very reliable and consumes minimal power in standby mode, since all its chains are open. This means that consumption will be limited only to losses of the current in the power supply, not more.

lux-Dekor.ru.

The need to use automation

inkjet relays;
pressure control sensors and fluid levels;
electrode relays;
capacitive sensors;
manometers;
float level sensors.

Pump Equipment Management Options

The following types of devices are used to control the submersible pump:

control panel consisting of a block of necessary mechanisms;
pressectrol;
automatic control that maintains a certain pressure in the water supply system.

Tip: For self-installation it is better to use a block with a built-in system.

The control machine that allows you to maintain constant pressure in the system, it is necessary to use where any pressure jumps are extremely undesirable.

ATTENTION: If the pressure indicators are constantly overestimated, the electricity consumption will increase, and the pump efficiency will be reduced on the contrary.

Cabinet control

With this cabinet, you can solve many tasks:

Equipment provides a safe smooth engine start.
Adjust the operation of the frequency converter.
The device monitors the operating parameters of the autonomous water supply system, namely pressure, fluid temperature, water level in the well.
The automatic solves the characteristics of the current terminal on the engine terminals, and also adjusts the rotational speed of the shaft of the pumping equipment.

There are also control cabinets that can serve several pumps. These products can solve even more tasks:

They will monitor the frequency of pump operation, which will increase the service life of the aggregates, since due to the control unit, uniform wear can be ensured.
Special relays will track the continuous operation of pump products. At the failure of one unit, the work will be shifted on the second product.
Also, the automation system can independently monitor the health of the pumping equipment. During long inactivity of pumps, their grain will be prevented.

The standard setting of the control cabinet includes the following nodes and elements:

Case in the form of a steel box with doors.
Based on the case cover, the front panel is manufactured. The start and stop buttons are built into it. The panels are installed indicators of the pump and sensors, as well as the relay to select the automatic and manual operation mode.
Near the cabinet hardware compartment is set to the phase control device, which consists of 3 sensors. This unit tracks the load on phases.
The contactor is a product for supplying an electric current on the pump terminals and turn off the unit from the network.
Safety relay to protect against short circuit. In the event of a closure, a fuse will be damaged, and not the winding of the pump or the nodes and parts of the cabinet.
To control the operation of the unit in the closet there is a control unit. There are sensors of overflow, starting and stopping the pump. At the same time, the terminals of these sensors are displayed in a well or hydrobic.
To control the rotation of the motor shaft, a frequency converter is used. It allows you to smoothly reset and increase the engine speed when starting and stopping the pumping equipment.
Temperature and pressure sensors are attached to the contactor and prevent the pump to start in unsuitable conditions.

Simple control scheme

Tip: You can use a metal, plastic or wooden barrel or tank as a cumulative container.

The principle of operation of this control circuit is as follows:

To enable and disconnect the pumping equipment, a contact relay (K 1.1) of a normally closed type is used.
The scheme implies two modes of operation - rise water from the well and drainage. The selection of this or that mode is carried out using the switch (S2).
To control the water level in the accumulative capacity, the relay F 1 and 2 are used.
When the water is reduced in the tank below the location of the sensor F1, power is turned on through the S switch at the same time the relay coil will be de-energized. Running pump equipment occurs when contacting contacts on the relay K1.1.
After the lifting level of the liquid to the F1 sensor, the VT1 transistor and the switching on the K1 relay will occur. At the same time, the contacts of a normal-closed type on the relay K1.1 will open and the pumping equipment will turn off.

vodakanazer.ru.

Conductometric management method

vodoprovod.ru.

Control circuit (shutdown) pump for water pumping by level

Let's start with the water pumping scheme, that is, when you are faced with the task of pumping water to a certain level, and then turn off the pump so that it does not work at idle. Take a look at the scheme below.

It is such a fundamental electrical circuit that is capable of providing water pumping to a specified level. Let's look at the principle of her work, which is here and why. So, imagine that water replenishes our reservoir, it does not matter that this is your room, cellar or tank ... As a result, when the water comes to the upper gercon SV1, the voltage is fed to the coil of the control relay P1. Its contacts are closed, and through them there is a parallel connection to the German. Thus, the relay is self-creation. The power relay P2 is also included, which commutes the contacts of the pump, that is, the pump is turned on on pumping. Next, the water level begins to fall and comes to Herkeon Sv2, in this case it will be closed and gives a positive potential for the coil winding. As a result, there is a positive potential on the coil on both sides, the current does not go, the magnetic field of the relay is weakening - the P1 relay is turned off. When the P1 is disconnected, the power supply for the P2 relay is turned off, that is, the pump also ceases to pump water. Depending on the power of the pump, you can pick up the relay to the current you need.
We did not say anything about the resistor of 200 ohms. It is necessary so that in the process of turning on Herrock SV2 there is no short circuit with a minus, through the contacts of the relay. The resistor is best to choose such that it allows you to confidently deal with the relay P1, but it was at the same time the maximum possible potential. In our case, it was 200 ohm. Another feature of the scheme is the use of gerks. Their plus when applied is obvious, they are not in contact with water, which means that there will be no possible changes in currents and potentials at various life situations, whether the water is salted or dirty ... The scheme will always work steadily and "without drying". No scheme settings are required, everything works immediately, with the correct connection.

2 months later ... Now that it was done a couple of months later, based on the requirements for a reduction in power consumption in standby mode. That is, this is the second version of all of what we told about above.
You understand that, according to the scheme above, the 12 volt power supply unit will be included, which by the way also consumes no free electricity. And on the basis of this, it was decided to make a diagram to trigger the pump for pumping or pouring water with a current in standby mode equal to 0 mA. In fact, it turned out to be easy. Take a look at the scheme below.

Initially, in the diagram, all the chains are open, which means it consumes our declared 0 ma, that is, nothing. When the upper reserves are closed, the voltage through the transformer and diode bridge includes relays P1. Thus, the relay commutes through their contacts and resistor 36 ohm power supply to the power supply and again to itself, that is, is self-impressive. The pump is turned on. Next, when the water level reaches Niza and triggers the P2 relay, then it breaks the self-blocking chain of the P1 relay, thus de-energizing the entire circuit and leading it to standby mode. The 36 Ohm resistor is used to restrict current on the pump during the inclusion of the Upper Herrock, at least a bit. Thereby reducing the induction current on the German and extending his life. When the power supply is noted already through the P1 relay, after it is triggered, it will be no problem to hold the relay without any problems, that is, it will not be critical, and secondly will not warm up, because it will not be a significant current. This is just a current from losses in the winding and current on the power of the P1 relay. Therefore, the requirements for the resistor are not critical.
It remains to say that in any of these schemes not only the reserves can be used, but simply the end sensors.

Well, now let's look at the opposite situation when it is necessary to pump water on the contrary to the tank and disconnect with a high level in it. That is, the pump is turned on at a low water level, and it turns off with high.

Control Scheme (Shutdown) Pump on Pouring Water By Level

If you embrace our article all running around and once with your gaze, then notice that we simply notice the second scheme in the article and did not lead other than that above. In self-a matter, this is a reasonable fact, because in fact, the pumping scheme differs from the pumping scheme, except that the gerons are located one below the second bottom. That is, if you rearrange the gerons in places, or reconnect contacts to them, then one scheme turn into another. That is, we summarize that in order to redo the above-handed scheme in the water pumping scheme, change the germs places. As a result, the pump will include from the lower sensor - the Hercon SV1, and turn off at the top level from the Herron SV2.

Implementing the installation of gerons as end sensors to trigger the pump depending on the water level

In addition to the electrical circuit, you will need to make the design of the process of germs, depending on the water level. We can offer you a couple of options that will satisfy such conditions. Take a look at them below.

In the first case, a construction is implemented using a thread, cable. In the second rigid design, when magnets are installed on a rod floating on the float. Describe the elements of each of the designs of the special meaning of Neti, here in principle, and so everything is extremely clear.

Connecting the pump according to the activation scheme depending on the water level in the tank - summing up

The most important thing is that these scheme is very simple, it does not require setup and repeat it can almost any, even having experience with electronics. The second, the scheme is very reliable and consumes minimal power in standby mode, since all its chains are open. This means that consumption will be limited only to current loss in the power supply, no more.

construction finishing repair. RF

Scope of water level sensors

Advanced country and farms engaged in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, in their work use watering systems like drip. To ensure the automatic operation of the watering equipment, the design requires a large container for collecting and storing water. Its filling usually produce submersible water pumps in the well, while it is necessary to track the water pressure level for the pump and its number in the catchment tank. In this case, it is necessary to control the operation of the pump, that is, to include it when it reaches a certain level of water in the accumulative tank and disconnect in the case of full filling of the water tank. These functions can be implemented using float sensors.

Fig. 1 Principle of action of a float level sensor (remote control)

A large storage tank for water may be required for water supply at home, if the water capacity flow rate is very small or the productivity of the pump itself cannot provide water consumption corresponding to the required level. In this case, the fluid control device for automatic operation of the water supply system is also necessary.
The liquid control system can also be used when working with devices in which there is no protection from the dry running pump, the water pressure sensor or the float switch when pumping groundwater from basements and rooms with a level below the ground surface.

All water level sensors for pump control can be divided into two large groups: contact and non-contact. Contactless methods are mainly used in industrial production and are divided into optical, magnetic, capacitive, ultrasound, etc. views. Sensors are installed on the walls of water tanks or directly immersed in controlled liquids, electronic components are placed in the control cabinet.

Fig. 2 Types of level sensors

In everyday life, low-cost float-type contact devices, which tracking the element is made on the Herrons found. Depending on the location in containers with water, such devices are divided into two groups.

Vertical. In a similar device, the armored elements are located in the vertical rod, and the float itself with a ring magnet moves along the tube and includes or disconnecting the armra.

Horizontal. They are attached to the upper edge of the tank wall, when filling the capacity, the float with a magnet rises on the hinge lever and is suitable for a repetition. The device works and switches the electrical circuit placed in the control cabinet, it turns off the power supply of the electric pump.

Fig. 3 vertical and horizontal germic sensors

Device of the generic switch

The main executive element of the generic sensor is the armless switch. The device is a small glass cylinder filled with inert gas or with dumped air. Gas or vacuum prevent the formation of sparks and oxidation of the contact group. Inside the flasks are closed contacts from the ferromagnetic rectangular alloy (Permallo Wire) with gold or silver spraying. When entering the magnetic flow, the contacts of the generic switch are magnetized and repelled from each other - the circuit is opened at which the electric current flows.

Fig. 4 Exterior view of armor switches

The most common types of armor switches act on the closure, that is, when magnetizing their contacts are connected to each other and the electrical circuit closes. The gear switches may have two outputs for closing the circuit opening or three if they operate with switching of electrical circuits. The low-voltage scheme, switching power supply pump, is usually placed in the control cabinet.

Connection diagram of the generic water level sensor

The generic switches are low-power devices and are unable to switch large currents, so they cannot be used directly to turn off and turn on the pump. Usually they are involved in the low-voltage switching scheme for the operation of a powerful pump relay placed in the control cabinet.

Fig. 5 Electrical Electrical Control Scheme with Hercon Float Sensor

The figure shows the simplest scheme with a sensor that implements the control of the drainage pump depending on the water level when pumping, consisting of two gerons SV1 and SV2.

Upon reaching the top-level liquid, the magnet with a float turns on the upper gercon SV1 and the voltage is fed to the P1 relay coil. Its contacts are closed, a parallel connection to the rehearse and the relay is self-grille.

The self-grapping function does not make it possible to disconnect the power of the relay coil when the contacts of the contact contacts are blurred (in our case it is Gercon SV1). This is happening if the relay load and its coil is connected in one chain.

The voltage enters the coil of a powerful relay in the pump power supply chain, its contacts are closed and the electric pump starts working. When the water level falls and reaching the float with the magnet of the lower Hercon SV2, it turns on and a positive potential is also supplied to the P1 relay coil on the other side, the current ceases to flow and the P1 relay is turned off. This causes no current in the power relay P2 coil and as a result, stopping the supply voltage to the electric pump.

Fig. 6 Float Vertical Water Level Sensors

A similar pump control circuit, placed in the control cabinet, can be used when tracking a level in a container with a liquid, if the genes are swapped in places, that is, SV2 will be at the top and disconnect the pump, and the SV1 in the depth of the tank with water to turn it on.

Level sensors can be used in everyday life to automate the process when filling in large tanks with water with water electric pumps. The most simple in the installation and operation of the germons manufactured by the industry in the form of vertical floats on the rods and horizontal structures.

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Control of the pump in automatic and manual mode, using the Water Level Control Relay NJYW1-NL1 and NJYW1-NL2 from Chint Electrics

Hello, dear friends!

Today, let's talk about a simple electrical scheme - Pump control in automatic andmanualmode using the NJYW1 series relay to control the water level in the tank.

The other day, I looked at an interesting video about how you can control the deep pump in automatic mode and at the same time not to overpay for the electrical wheel. I immediately wanted to draw a pair of schemes using relay njyw1 from company Chint Electrics..

maybeI am the first one who introduced you modified, fundamental electrical control panel control circuits by level, using such a relay. Because On the Internet, except for a practical video review, I did not find anything.

Relay njyw1 Very simple to use and does not require any additional settings. There is only one switching contact, which, depending on the configured electrodes in the tank, includes or turns off the feed pump or water pumping.

Many cottage sites, due to its geographic location, are not provided with central water supply. And often, summer houses are forced to dig out their own wells and wells to provide themselves with drinking water.

If you have such a plot, remember how many times a day you have to run after water!

Water filling control circuit in cumulative capacity

An example of an electrical circuit can be applied to connect the deep pump in the country area to fill the tank with drinking water or water for its own needs.

As soon as the water level comes to a minimum mark in the tank, relay KL1 M1. And does not turn off the pump until the water level in the tank does not reach the maximum value.

Example of a passport scheme

That relates to pumping water from the reservoir, then you can apply the same relay njyw1, changing the electrical circuit, after the control contact KL1. Switching only one wire №8 with terminals TB on the terminal TA.on executive contact - the relay KL1.

Water pumping control circuit from accumulative capacity

Pumping water in the tank, begins to achieve the top level, and the pump stops, along the lower level. Thus, preventing overflow from the reservoir.

When the maximum water level is reached in the reservoir, relays KL1 Applies a signal to turn on the pump M1. And turns off it, only if the level comes to a minimum mark.

Such a mode of operation is most suitable for pumping groundwater from basement.

Example of a passport scheme

As you can see, it is a relay, you can use for different cases, both for water supply and for its pumping from the tank.

I felt a bit of both fundamental electrical circuits from the manufacturer's passport and added to the automatic mode, also manually turn on, and turn off the pump.

I am sure that many needed simple, reliable and lightweight in the manufacture of a water pump control unit. I propose a scheme that is difficult to find equal in this regard, besides, with an independent manufacture, the device will cost almost for nothing, as it does not contain scarce parts, and all the necessary parts are usually available. The store is the same analogue of this block "pulls" not one hundred rubles. I also note, such a device can also work in the water intake system, when the pump fills some capacity, and in drainage systems when water pumping from the tank as it fills it.

A simple device for managing a water pump - homemade pump control unit

The scheme of the device is presented in Fig. 1. We will talk about the details of the scheme below, and while we will get acquainted with the principle of level sensors.

In fig. 2 shows a sensor scheme for a metal container. The peculiarity of it is that here one wire is connected directly to Baku, as a result, it decreases (per) the number of necessary wires. Sensitive sensor elements - two pins (electrode) stainless wire. The sensor for non-metallic tank is two pairs of plates (Fig. Z.), the design of which will be described below.

The principle of operation of the device for controlling the water pump is rather simple. Consider the case of water intake into a metal tank, in which the sensor of two pins is installed (see Fig. 2). For clarity, contacts to 1.3 relays K1 shown in the diagram in Fig. 1, drawn next to the tank, in fact they are, of course, are inside the relay and connected to wire sensors.

While there is no water, the contact between the body of the tank and the electrode F1 will not, therefore, the voltage is not supplied to the control electrode of thyristor VS1, and it is closed, the relay K1 is de-energized and its contact K1.3 will open, and contacts K1.1 and K1.2 are closed . When the water rises to the pin pin, then there will be a current between it and the body of the tank, sufficient to open the vs1 thyristor. As a result, the relay will work to the pump, which turns off the pump, opening the contacts K1.1 and K1.2. In addition, the relay closes K1.3 and thus the "extension" pin F1, connecting a pin F2 to it, which will ensure the necessary working volume in the tank, and therefore the normal operation of the entire management system. Adjustable water volume, it will be understood, will depend on the difference in the lower ends of the pins F1 and F2. This volume is desirable to provide more, then the pump will become less common. The pump will be de-energized while the water does not fall below the pin F2, after which the pump will turn on again and the entire tank fill cycle will repeat.

For periodic pumping of water from the tank (drainage), it will be necessary to replace normally closed contacts K1.1 and K1.2 on the normally open, as shown in Fig. 4, while the rest of the scheme does not change.

The important advantage of this scheme is that an alternating current goes through the contacts of the sensors. Indeed, with constant current, contacts corroded, which leads to unstable work and even the total failure of the system. On the alternating current, as practice shows, such devices work correctly.

Now about the details. Transformer T1 - network, low-power, suitable and small. Winding I - Network, 220 V. Voltage on the secondary winding II Approximately twice as many signs of constant working voltage relay. For example, if the relay winding is designed for constant 24 V voltage, the secondary winding II should be 48 V (in practice 40 ... 50 B). If the relay is heated, then it is necessary to include a quenching resistor with it, its resistance is selected by an experimental way. At the same time, the voltage both on the winding II and on the winding III should not exceed the safe border of 70 V, since in the case of a thyristor and diodes breakdown, it may be on the electrodes.

The voltage on the secondary winding III (5 ... 30 V) is determined by the winding in the transformer.

If you have the opportunity, then try to bother the part of the turns from the available second secondary winding or winding a new one (about 20 ... 40 turns) from almost any wire. Be sure to comply with a reliable insulating gasket (from fluoroplast, fiberglass, PVC, fabrics impregnated with varnish), separating the secondary winding from the network so that the danger voltage is 220 V.

Thyristor VS1 - type KU201 or KU202 with letterpoint indices D, E, F, and, K, and L. At voltage on the secondary winding III, thyristors are also suitable with alphabetic indices in, r, at a voltage of less than 25 V - with indexes A and B.

The R1 resistor limits the thyristor control current, securing it from combustion when the sensor electrodes are closed. At a strain on the secondary winding III, less than 20 in the resistor is not needed and it is replaced with a jumper, and in general the resistance of the resistor should be so that when the electrodes of the sensors are closed, passing through the control electrode of the thyristor, it was less than the maximum permissible thyristor. With an increase in voltage on the secondary winding III, the resistance R1 is proportional to increase compared with the face value shown in the diagram, while the deviation is permissible for about 40%.

The K1 relays are selected according to the voltage on the secondary winding II (8 ... 30 V), the contacts of the relay must be designed for 220 V and your current. For example, for a centrifugal pump with a capacity of 500 W Contacts are required to withstand current more than 2 A.

RES 22 (24 V), RP21 (24 V) and others are suitable as a relay K1. If there is no relay having the necessary closed and open groups, it is allowed to apply two and even three parallel relays. In this case, RES6 is suitable, different car relays, etc. with suitable contacts. When using a car relay, it may be required to be reduced transformer power. The diode bridge VD1 is any assembly, such as KC401. For this place are diodes D226, D7, KD105, D522, etc. (the current of the bridge does not exceed 20 mA).

Electrodes - pins (see Fig. 2) are installed on insulators. The electrodes of the sensors shown in Fig. 5, made from razor blades with chrome coating, reinforced on a P-shaped plate from dielectric: polyethylene, PKV, fluoroplast, plexiglass. The blades are fixed in any way, the wires are soldered to them with acid flux, the soldering is preferably protected by varnish.

Sensors are installed in the tank at the desired level. The gap between the electrodes depends on the properties of water and may require fitting. It should be such that when the electrodes are immersed in the water, the relay triggered. This applies to the pinch electrodes.