Attachment of reinforcement to the pipeline (Fig. 13.2) are detachable (flange, coupling, arrow) and in-part (welded and soldering). The most common flange attachment. The advantages of flange attachment of reinforcement are the possibility of repeated installation and dismantling on the pipeline, good sealing of joints and the convenience of their suspenders, high strength and applicability for a very wide range of pressure and passes. The disadvantages of the flange compound are the possibility of weakening the tightening and loss of tightness over time (especially in the conditions of vibration), the increased complexity of assembly and disassembly, large overall dimensions and weight. These flange flaws are especially affected on large diameter pipelines designed for medium and high pressure.

When assembling such a compound is delayed with a special tool of dozens of lathes of large diameter. For a tightening of such flange connections, a slave brigade is often required. With an increase in the conditional pressure and the passage of the flanges, the mass of both the reinforcement itself and the entire pipeline (taking into account the response flanges) increases and the consumption of metal increases. Due to these disadvantages of flange compounds, as well as an increase in the diameters of pipelines and their operating pressures, fittings with nozzles under weld receive increasing distribution. Such reinforcement in particular, the main gas and oil pipelines are equipped.

The advantages of the addition of the reinforcement to the welding pipeline are high, which, above all, the complete and reliable tightness of the compound, which is especially important for pipelines transporting explosive, toxic and radioactive substances. In addition, the welded connection does not require any care and suspenders, which is very important for main pipelines, where minimum service is desirable. The weld compound gives greater savings of metal and reduces the mass of the reinforcement and pipeline. It is especially effective to use fittings with the ends under the welding on such pipelines, where the pipeline itself is mounted entirely using welding.

The disadvantage of welded joints is the increased complexity of dismantling and replacing the replacement of reinforcement, since it has to be cut out of the pipeline.

For small fittings, especially cast-iron, clutch connectivity is most often used. At the same time, the ends of the reinforcement have the appearance of couplings with internal thread. Since, for fine fittings, the flanges have a relatively large mass (often of one order with a mass of fittings without flanges), the use of flanges in such conditions leads to an unjustified increase in metal consumption. In addition, the tightening of the bolts in the flange compounds of a small diameter is more laborious than the tightening of the coupling compound, and requires the use of special targeted keys.

Fig. 13.2. The main types of reinforcement of reinforcement to the pipeline:

a - flange (flanges cast with a connecting protrusion and flat gasket); b - flanged (steel welded flanges with a protonation of a protrusion - in a flat gasket); in- flange (flanges cast with a seal of a spike type - groove with a flat gasket); g - flange (steel flat steel flanges with flat gasket); d -flange (steel molded flanges with lens gasket); e.- flange (steel wall flanges with gasket oval sections); wellcoupling; z - anger.

The coupling compound is usually used in molded fittings, for the casting is easiest to obtain an outdoor clutch configuration (under-key hexagon). In this regard, the main area of \u200b\u200bapplication of coupling compounds is low and medium pressing fittings. For the shallow high pressure reinforcement, which is usually made of forgings or rolled products, an armature compound with an outer thread under the cape nut is used.

Flange compounds of pipelines and reinforcement, calculated on the conditional pressure of 1-200 kgf / cm 2, are standardized. At the same time, the types of flanges are standardized (GOST 1233-67), their connecting dimensions (GOST 1234-67), structures, actuators and technical requirements. In special, technically reasonable cases (with a shock or increased load, short-term service life, specific properties of the medium - toxicity, explosion hazard, chemical aggressiveness, etc.) The manufacture of flanges on industry standards or drawings retreating from GOST, but with the obligatory implementation of the connecting Sizes according to GOST 1234-67.

Flanges are usually carried out round. The exception is only cast iron flanges, tightened by four bolts, calculated on the pressure p at no higher than 40 kgf / cm 2. They are allowed to perform square.

Standard reinforcement flanges are divided into several types according to the design of the gasket connection. The simplest of them - with a smooth facial surface (with a connecting protrusion or without it), unprotected type, without pumping under the gasket. These flanges are most simple for mounting and disassembling reinforcement and to replace the pads, but the tightness of the connections created by them is least reliable.

Flanges designed for high pressure (from 40 to 200 kgf / cm 2) are used with gear steel gaskets, low - with soft or having soft cores with gaskets. To protect the soft gaskets from knocking out the pressure of the working medium in the reinforcement, the flanges with a depression under the gasket are used. The response flanges are performed with the protrusion, so that the gasket flanges form the lock protecting it. Such flanges are used with soft gaskets or metal having a soft core. The third type of reinforcement flanges, designed for the same gaskets as the previous one, is the flanges with a groove groove. Response flanges have a spike. Thus, the gasket is protected by the flange lock both outside and from the inside, which increases the reliability of the connection. However, the installation, dismantling of the reinforcement and replacing the pads here is somewhat difficult compared to the flanges of the first type.

For high pressures, starting with p y \u003d 64 kgf / cm 2, the flanges use seals two more standard types - under the lens gasket and under the gasket of oval cross section. These seals are more economical and reliable at high pressures than ordinary flat gaskets. In such flange compounds, the gaskets concern the sealing surfaces of the flanges theoretically through the line, and almost on a very narrow ring. This allows for equal overall sizes of flanges and tightening force to create large specific pressure on the seal. Thus, it becomes possible to use massive steel gaskets of high strength and durability in place of ordinary soft.

One of the main issues when choosing a pipe fittings is the type of connection to the system. Usually the existing pipeline system itself dictates us which type of connection to select. But if you faced the task of designing such a system, it is important to know all possible types of joining pipe fittings to the system to find the option perfect in your conditions. From our article you will learn about all the types, their advantages and minuses, you will be better oriented in the types of compounds. Let's start with the most popular.

Flange join

This is a connection with two metal plates adjacent to each other. In the plates there are holes through which bolts or studs pass, and they are tightened with nuts on the other hand, thus pressing the flanges to each other. For greater reliability and tightness of the connection on the plates, protrusions, grooves, etc., and gaskets are installed between metal plates. Most often, the plates have a rounded form, but it is not necessary. Occasionally you can find square flanges, rectangular or with trickered corners, but their manufacture is more expensive. Such forms of flanges are used only in acute necessity, for example, if the space limit is required. Used on industrial pipelines with a diameter from Du 50 mm.

There was a word "flange" from the German Flansch, meaning the same as in Russian - a flat plate of metal with holes.

The flange connection is one of the most popular connections in pipe fittings. For the manufacture of flanges, most often the cast iron is used - gray or carpet, as well as steel of various varieties. Gray cast iron is the most inexpensive solution, but forging cast iron, as a rule, withstands greater pressure and temperature spectrum. An even more expensive solution is the cast flanges of steel. But at the same time, steel is more susceptible to plastic deformations than a fragile, but perfectly holding cast iron.

Video: Installation of the flange ball crane LD on the pipe with

Advantages of the flange connection of pipe fittings

• Durable, reliable connection.
• Withstands high pressure.
• High tightness. But depends on the used seals.
• You can mount and dismantle repeatedly.

disadvantages

• Large overall dimensions of flange compound. Large mass.
• Large metal consumption and labor complexity, and consequently the price.
• Bolts pressed flanges to each other, periodically need to be tightened to ensure proper tightness. This is especially important in systems where the pipe is subjected to vibrations (solved by installing before the flange compound) or temperature drops.

Threaded coupling compound

Also one of the most popular types of attachments, but for pipeline systems of small diameter (usually up to Du 50) and small pressures (up to 1.6 MPa). Very often occurs in household pipe fittings, for example for. Its essence is simple: the pipe has threads and the reinforcement has a thread, the latter is screwed to the first.

On the pipe you can cut the thread with the help of special tools, if it is not and earlier the equipment was not installed. Threaded pipe fittings from one end are performed in the form of a hexagon for grabbing by the adjustable key and screwing the reinforcement on the pipe thread.

Video: how to cut the thread on the metal pipe and install a threaded ball valve

There are various embodiments of threaded connections: internal or external thread. Armature can have internal thread on one side, and on the other - the external or the same type of both sides. And also have different thread standards, such as ISO 228/1 or DIN 2999. It is necessary to take into account this when choosing.

The word "coupling" happened from the Dutch word MOUW, meaning the "sleeve".

To ensure the tightness of the threaded types of compounds, additional seals are used - special tapes FMU, linen thread, as well as especially thick lubricants on top of them. All this is applied to the exterior thread.

Equipment

This is a subspecies of the threaded connection, which is used on the cranes of tiny sizes - to DU 5. When you connect, the thread fittings pulls up to the thread on the pipe with a precipitant nut. Used for narrow pipes, such as laboratory. It is also used to impair the pipelines of various measuring devices.

Advantages of threaded connections of pipeline reinforcement

• Low price.
• Do not require additional parts for installation, such as flange type.
• Just install, it is even easier to replace.

disadvantages

• Are unsuitable for high pressures.
• The larger the diameter, the more efforts you need to attach to turn the fittings on the thread with the seal.

Welded connection

If the ends of the pipe fittings look just like pipes without any additions, they join the system with welding. This is the most reliable and hermetic compound, competently performing which, you can get an absolute structural matching of materials. When welding a valve or crane to the pipe, you will not have to pull up the bolts, as with the flange connection, besides the cost and weight of such reinforcement will be significantly less.

This type of compounds can often be found on pipeline systems transporting dangerous fluid and gases, where the slightest leaks cannot be allowed and absolute tightness is necessary. For the welded joint, the statement "put and forgot". The main thing is to combine the pipe with the reinforcement, so that the welding place is not weaker than the pipe wall.

The ends of the pipes must be prepared before welding, and each metal is prepared in its own way. We offer you a video with the easiest way of welding.

Advantages of the welded joint

• Absolute tightness with proper welding procedure.
• Low cost of reinforcement.
• Low weight.
• A small size, the connection does not take up much space in space.

disadvantages

• We need qualified personnel, which increases the final cost of installing such reinforcement.
• The laborious process of dismantling, such valves or cranes should be installed once and for all.

Clamps Quick-Clamp (Tri-Clamp)

A modern quick-consuming compound for pipeline fittings, used mainly in the food industry, pharmacology and other industries, where sterility, cleanliness is important. After all, this type of attachment allows you to regularly remove and clean, disinfect equipment installed by this fastening.

The closame compound consists of two fittings, sealing and clamp. The clamp presses two fittings to the seal and each other, as a result of which a hermetic connection is formed. What is this clamp, we suggest you study on the video.

Electric drives are manufactured with the largest torque points from 0.5 to 850 kgf in normal and explosion-proof versions with different categories of explosion protection. These and other parameters of the electric drives are reflected in the conditional designation of the drive consisting of nine characters (numbers and letters). The first two signs (figures 87) denote the electric motor and the gearbox. The next sign is the letter M, A, B, B, G, or D, denoting the type of attachment of the electric drive to the reinforcement. Attachment type M is shown in Fig. II.2, types A and B - in Fig. II.3, Types in and g on - Fig. II.4, type D - in Fig. P.5. The dimensions of the connecting elements are given in Table. 11.106.

11.106. Dimensions of the connecting elements of unified reinforcement electric drives

All electric drives join the reinforcement with four studs. The diameters of the studs and the dimensions of the reference sites for various types of connections are different. With an increase in the torque developed during water, they increase. In the additions of the types of B, G and D, there are two swords in order to unload the studs from the cutting efforts created by a torque transmitted from the drive to reinforcement.

The following digit conditionally indicates the torque of the electric drive. In total, seven gradations are provided for the total torque interval from 0.5 to 850 kgf (Table 11.107). Inside the provided interval, the setting to the desired torque is performed by adjusting the torque limit clutch.

11.107. Conventional indications of electric drive parameters

The following digit conventionally denotes the rotational speed (in about mines) of the drive shaft of the electric drive transmitting the rotation of the armature chassis or spindle. There are eight frequencies of rotation of the drive shaft of the electric drive - from 10 to 50 minutes (Table 11.107).

Then it is indicated by the conditionally complete speed of the drive shaft, which it can do, depending on the execution of the track and torque switches. In total, six gradations are provided (Table 11.107).

This limits the first group of signs. The second group consists of two letters and numbers. The first letter of the second group of symbols indicates the execution of the drive for climatic conditions: y - for a moderate climate; M - frost-resistant; T - tropical; P - for high temperature. The second letter indicates the type of control cable to the drive of the electric drive; Sh - plug connector; C - gland input. The last digit indicates the execution of the actuator on explosion. Figure 1 denotes normal performance n; The remaining numbers from 2 to 5 indicate the categories of explosion proactivity: 2 - Category beggar; 3 - category B4A; 4 - category B4D; 5 - Category RV. Thus, the electric drive under the designation 87V571 mustache has the following data: 87 -Electrospod; In - type of accession; 5 - torque points from 25 to 100 kgf; 7 - the rotational speed of the drive shaft 48 on the min; 1 - the total speed of the drive shaft (1 - 6); Y - for temperate climate; C - gland input of the control cable; 1 - Execution for Explosion Proof Normal N.

Below are brief technical specifications and dimensional data of the unified series.

Electric drives of normal design with the addition of type M with double-sided clutch of torque limit (Fig. P.6). Legend 87m111 ears1 and 87m113 us1. Designed to control pipeline reinforcement in structures with a maximum torque to 2.5 kgf. Torque control limits from 0.5 to 2.5 kgf. The total number of revolutions of the drive shaft 1 - 6 (87m111 oars1) and 2 - 24 (87m113 oars1). Rotation rate of the drive shaft 10 about mines. The drive of the AB-042-4 brand is installed on the drive, a capacity of 0.03 kW with a rotational frequency of 1500 minutes about mines. The gear ratio from the manual dubler mstelka to the drive shaft \u003d 1. A force of 36 kgf can be applied on the handwheel rim. Electric drives have a built-in box! travel and torque switches. Mass of electric drive 11 kg. The overall dimensions of the electric drives 87m111 ears1 and 87m113 us1 are also given. P.6.

11. 108. Conventions of electric drives

11.109. Brief specifications and mass of electric drives

11.110. Conventions of electric drives

Electric drives of normal design with the addition of type A with a double-sided clutch of torque limit (Fig. II.7). Maximum torques that created drivers, 6 and 10 * kgf. There are eight modifications of electr drives (Table 11.108). Specifications and mass of electric drives are shown in Table. 11.109. The speed of rotation of the motor of the electric motor 1500 is a min. The transfer number from the handwheel of the handwheel to the drive shaft I \u003d 3. The electric drives have a built-in battery and torque switches. The overall dimensions of the electric drives are shown in Fig. P.7.

Electric drives of normal design with the addition of type b with a double-sided coupling of torque limit (Fig. II.8). Maximum torque on the drive shaft 25 kgf (control interval from 10 to 25 kgf). There are twelve modifications of electric drives (Table 11.110). Technical characteristics of electric drives are shown in Table. 11.111. The speed of rotation of the electric motor of 1500 on the min. The overall dimensions of the electric drives are shown in Fig. II.8. Mass of electric drive 35.5 kg.

11.111. Brief technical characteristics of electric drives

Electric drives of normal versions with the addition of type B with double-sided clutch of the torque limit (Fig. II.9). The greatest torque on the shaft 100 kgf m (adjustment interval from 25 to 100 kpm). There are twelve modifications of electric drives (Table 11.112). Technically, the characteristics and mass of the electric drives are shown in Table. II. 113. The frequency of the shaft of the electric motor of 1500 on the min. The overall dimensions of the electrical wires are shown in Fig. II.9.

Electric drives of normal design with the addition of type r with a two-sided coupling of torque limit (Fig. 11.10). The greatest torque on the shaft is 250 kgf (control interval from 100 to 250 kgf). There are twelve modifications of electric drives (Table 11.114). Technically, the characteristics and mass of the electric drives are shown in Table. 11.115. The speed of rotation of the electric motor of 1500 on the min. The overall dimensions of the electric drives are shown in Fig. UFO.

11.112. Conventions of electric drives

11.113. Brief specifications and mass of electric drives

11.114. Conventions of electric drives

11.115. Brief specifications and mass of electric drives

Electric drives of normal design with the addition of type D with a two-sided clutch of torque restrictions (Fig. 11.11). The greatest torque on the drive shaft is 850 kgf (control interval from 250 to 850 kgf). Rotation rate of the drive shaft 10 about mines. There are six modifications of electric drives (Table 11.116). The transfer number from the flywheel to the drive shaft I \u003d 56. The permissible force on the rim of the handwheel of the handwheel dubber 90 kgf. The electric motor of the AOC2-42-4 brand of 7.5 kW is installed on the electric drives with a rates of rotation of the shaft 1500 about the min. Mass of an electric drive 332 kg. The overall dimensions of the electric drives are shown in Fig. 11.11.

Fig. 11.12. Electrical diagram of electrically appliances management of a unified row:

D - asynchronous electric motor with a short-circuited rotor; CVO, FC - travel microswitches MP 1101 opening and closing; KV1, kV2 - additional travel microswitches MP 1101; WMO, NMZ - MP 1101 microswackers of opening and closing; Oh, 3 - Magnetic opening and closing starters; Lo, Lz, LM - Signal Lamps "Open", "Closed" and "Coupling"; Ko, kz, ks - control buttons "open", "closed" and "stop"; 7 - PPZ-20 potentiometer, 20 com; Pr - fuse; A - automatic; 1 - 4 - Contacts of microswitters

Electric drives are also provided in an explosion-proof version:

11.116. Conventions of electric drives

The electrical control circuit of electric drives (one for all) is shown in Fig. P. 12. The "Open" position includes the LO warning lamp, the LA and LM lamps are turned on in the "Clean" position, the LM lamp is turned on in the "Alarm Mode" position. The operation of microswitches is clear from the table. 11.117.

11.117. The operation of microswitters (Fig. 11.12)

The word "flange" came to Russian from the German language with the flange itself, and was not assigned on the basis of some analogies. In the German Flansch, the extension is exactly the same as the derivative of it the Russian word "flange", ─ flat metal plate at the end of the pipe with holes for threaded fasteners (bolts or spills with nuts). We are more familiar when this plate is round, but one disk the shape of the flanges is not limited. For example, square and triangular flanges are used. But round it is easier to make, so the use of rectangular or triangular flanges can be justified by valid reasons.

Material, types and features of the design of flanges are determined by the conditional diameter, the pressure of the working medium and the whole number of other factors.

For the manufacture of pipeline reinforcement flanges, gray and macked cast iron are used, different steel grades.

Flanges made of ductile cast iron are designed for higher pressure and a wide range of temperatures than flanges made of gray cast iron. Even more resistant to the effects of these factors are cast steel flanges. Steel welders, as easily carrying high temperatures, inferior to cast flanges in the maximum allowable pressure.

The features of the flange design may be the presence of protrusions, chamfers, spikes, ring samples, etc.

The prevalence of flange compounds of pipeline reinforcement is due to the plurality of virtues inherent. The most obvious of them ─ the possibility of repeated installation and dismantling. Temptation Add to noun "installation" Adjective "Easy" is somewhat reduced, if you recall how many bolts will be required to unscrew and tighten the flanges of large diameters during disassembly and docking (flange compounds are usually used with pipe diameter from 50 mm). Although in this case the labor-intensity of installation work will not be out of reasonable.

Flange compounds are distinguished by strength and reliability, which makes it possible to use them for a complete set of high pressure pipelines. In compliance with a number of conditions, flange compounds provide very good tightness. To do this, the jacket flanges should have similar, not beyond the permissible error, connecting dimensions. Another conditions ─ mandatory periodic suspension suspension, allowing to maintain bolt compounds at the proper level. This is especially important when the mechanical vibrations are constantly exposed to them or the presence of essential fluctuations in temperature and environmental humidity. And the larger the diameter of the pipeline, the more relevant, because, as it increases it, the effort on the flanges increases. The tightness of the flange compounds largely depends on the sealing ability to be installed between the flanges of the gaskets.

It is impossible to discount deformation. Moreover, the flanges made from different materials are subject to it in an unequal degree, therefore the material from which it is made is the most important parameter of the flange. So, the plastic steel flanges are deformed easier than those made of more fragile, but at the same time much better than the form of cast iron.

The disadvantages of flange reinforcement are a continuation of its advantages. High strength turns into significant overall dimensions and mass, which, in turn, mean an increased metal consumption (in the manufacture of large-sized flanges, you have to use a thick metal sheet or round profiles of large diameter) and labor-intensity of production.

Armature under welding

The harvest of the reinforcement is resorted when the reliability and tightness of other types of compounds is considered unsatisfactory. The welding in the device of pipeline systems is particularly in demand, in which the working medium is toxic, poisonous or radioactive liquids and gases. In this case, the welding compound, with proper execution, providing 100% fermeticity, may be optimal, and often the only acceptable solution. It is only important that such a section of the system does not need a frequent dismantling of the equipment, the execution of which will lead to the complete destruction of welded joints.

Thanks to the welding that combines the fragments of the pipeline system into a single whole, it is possible to provide harmony, or, by the technical language, the structural correspondence between all its elements ─ pipes and pipe fittings. The main thing is that due to the differences between the mechanical properties of the welded joint and other components of the pipeline system, it has not become its weak link.

The connecting ends of the reinforcement are prepared under the welding, leveling and stabbing the surface of the welded fragments, removing the required chamdes.

Welded joints can be performed in a fool and jack. In the first case, the welding seam is located on the outside of the pipe. This embodiment is usually used for steel reinforcement of a relatively small diameter mounted in pipelines operating at high pressure and temperature of the working medium.

In the second case, the compound can be supplemented with a lining ring that excludes the intercourse of the parts connected. It is precisely such that characterized by the reliability and absolute tightness of the compound are used when installing pipeline systems of hazardous production facilities, such as power units of nuclear power plants.

An important advantages of welded joints, especially compared to flange, are minimal, compactness and saving space.

Armature couch

One of the most common techniques is a coupling reinforcement of reinforcement.

It is used for various types of fittings for small and medium diameters, operating at low and medium pressures, the body of which is made of cast iron or alloys of non-ferrous metals. If the pressure is high, then it is preferable to use an embossing reinforcement.

In the connecting pipes of the coupling fittings, the carving is on the inside. As a rule, it is a pipe thread ─ inch thread with a small step. It is formed in various ways ─ rolling, cutting, stamping. It is important that with a small step of the thread, the height of the teeth does not depend on the diameter of the pipeline.

Outside the connecting ends are made in the form of a hex order to be convenient to use the key.

The word "coupling" came to the Russian language from German, and perhaps from the Dutch, where mOUW Means the sleeve. The coupling, like the valve, is an example of how the tailoring and the production of pipe fittings use each in its special terminology the same sound, but carrying different semantic load words. In the technique, the coupling is not called a sleeve, but a short metal tube that compounds of cylindrical parts of machines.

Small carving of the coupling compound plus the use of special viscous lubricants, linen strands or fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM tapes) guarantee its high tightness. The coupling compound does not require the use of additional fasteners (for example, bolts or studs, as in the flange connection). But it is impossible not to take into account that the cooling of the coupling on a thread with a seal requires considerable effort, the larger than the larger the diameter of the pipeline.

Equipment fittings

The German origin of the term "fitting" from the verb Stutzen (trim, cut) gives even his sound. So due to the presence of the roding trunk, the armies used to armared until the XIX century muffins. In modern technology, this noun is used to determine the short cutting pipe (in other words ─ sleeves) with threads at both ends, which serves to attach pipes and pipe fittings to aggregates, installations and tanks. In the fitting unit, the connecting end of the reinforcement with an outer thread by means of a precipitated nut pulls up to the pipeline. It is used for small and supermarine reinforcement (with a nominal diameter of up to 5.0 mm) diameters. As a rule, it is a laboratory or other special fittings. For example, gearboxes installed on cylinders with compressed gas. With the help of an indicator connection to the pipeline networks "implanted", various instrumentation, thermostats, many types of equipment included in the technological lines of chemical production are mounted.

Handic reinforcement

The term "anchor joint" entered a wide source at the end of the XIX century. Its main attributes for pipe fittings ─ connecting nozzles with external thread and the presence of a bintice. The end of the pipeline with a brutal nut grinding to the end of the reinforcement pipe.

An armature compound is used for high pressure reinforcement small sizes, in particular, instruments of instrumentation. It is effective when screwing the reinforcement in the vessel body, devices, installations or machines. Its tightness is ensured by the presence of gaskets and special lubricants.

An example of an arrow compound can be a fire sleeve connection to a fire hydrant.

All threaded compounds are characterized by such advantages as the minimum number of connecting elements, low metal consumption and, accordingly, a small mass, manufacturability. Effective installation of threaded compounds requires the internal and external thread coincidence, the use of soft or viscous materials for sealing. But it should be borne in mind that cutting thread reduces the thickness of the pipe wall, so this type of compound is poorly suitable for thin-walled pipes.

In addition to the listed, there are other ways to join fittings. Thus, duret compounds can be used in pipeline systems. This compounds by cylindrical couplings consisting of several layers of rubberized tissue (speaking with simple words ─ hose fragments), coming to the protrusions made on pipes and fixed with metal clamps.

Another way to attach the reinforcement ─ soldering, which is used for copper pipes with a small diameter. The end of the pipeline, treated with the solder, is inserted into the protocate performed in the pipe.

The functionality, performance and reliability of the pipeline system is determined not only by the parameters of the fittings included in its composition, but also how qualitativelydoneconnection of reinforcement , the choice and execution of which should always be paid to high attention.

The ball valve is one of the most popular types of pipe fittings. One of his main classifying signs is a way of accession. "Coupling", "flange", "welded" - Frequently used consoles for ball valves. Less often use "adhesive", "fitting", "nipple", "under the soldering".

Types of connections of pipeline industrial reinforcement are defined in the current Interstate Standard GOST 24856-81 (analogue of ISO 6552-80). In the cell "Description" of the terms of the terms and definitions of GOST regarding the types of connections, there is a dashboard, there is only a graphic sketch. It is understood that the meaning of the term should be clear literally out of the name. However, for a person not fondant technique, the marking "coupling ball valve" or "flange ball valve" can be incomprehensible.

Ball cranes on the type of accession

Coupling

The attachment of the coupling ball valve is performed using the inner thread, sliced \u200b\u200bin the case along the edges. The coupling is the connecting part of the pipelines having the shape of a hollow cylinder with a thread sliced.
Coupling ball valves are often used both in domestic and in the industrial, communal sector. They are very convenient, because for installation requires only a pair of keys (rozk, pipe, adjustable) depending on the installation site. To prevent leakage, the carving of the coupling crane is packaged by a flax strand with a unipacker, a tape of the FMU, sealing thread or anaerobic sealant. Installation of a coupling ball crane is performed quickly, the armature itself is relatively inexpensive. The most commonly used dimensions according to the connecting thread ½, ¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2 inches. Also on the market there are smaller diameters - ¼, ⅜ inches, large - 2 ½, 3, 4 inches.

Flange

The attachment of the flange ball crane is made in the form of flat, most often round, parts located perpendicular to the axis, with holes for fasteners (bolt with nut). The connection is always present two flanges. One on the pipe, the second on the reinforcement. The flange connection is highly reliable. The thickness of the flange and the number of holes depends on the maximum pressure on which the ball valve is calculated. In the household sector, flange ball valves are practically not used, unless on joining the central water supply or gas pipeline. Such shut-off reinforcement is mainly used in utilities and in industry.

Weld

Welded ball valves are mounted on the pipeline with welding. The connecting nozzles of such reinforcements are made in the shape of the pipe and do not have threads, connecting parts. Often they are also called (it regulates GOST 24856-81) "ball valves under welding". Welded ball valves can be made of carbon, low-alloyed, stainless steel, have a solid or collapsible version. Scope of applying welded fittings - Industry and utilities.

Fizetic

Equipment ball valves are similar in the design of the coupling, with the only difference that the thread on the connecting nozzle is not internal, but the outer. The choice of a coupling or fitting product is carried out on the basis of which thread on the response detail. Sellers, installers, many manufacturers call such reinforcement "nipple cranes" that the same thing. Their distinctive feature - joining with outdoor threads. The price of a coupling ball crane is lower than the nipple. Installation and sizes of such reinforcement are mostly similar.
The ball valve with an outer thread can be equipped with half groups with one or both sides. Such a connection will be collapsible and the crane can be removed for replacement or maintenance. A half-channel fitting can be threaded or under welding. The reinforcement with a hemiswork on one side is often called "Crane American".

Tacco

An argent ball valve has connecting pipes (one or both) with outdoor thread and collar. Such products are intended for installation directly on the tank, equipment (boiler, boiler), etc. The example of the cranes can be viewed below. For example, these are taps with a lighting fitting, watershed, descent, drainage.

Under the soldek

Attaching ball valves is also possible by soldering. Basically, such reinforcement is placed on copper and polypropylene systems. The use of ball cranes under the soldering makes the connection more durable and aesthetic, no additional fittings are required. It should be noted that it is properly in relation to the polypropylene to use the word "welding", but among the installers and consumers is more often used "soldering".

Names of ball cranes

It was so that the standard installed alone terms for reinforcement, installers and designers use other, Chinese manufacturers - third. We give some, frequently used names and their values:

• ball valve nn - fittings on both sides with outdoor thread (other names, "papa dad", "fitting on two sides", "nipple");
• ball valve ball valve - fittings on both sides with internal thread ("Mama-Mom", "coupling");
• ball valve at one side Outdoor thread with another internal ("Dad-Mom");
• crane with hussac - ancient water treatment with a hose fitting;
• crane-American - reinforcement with folding compound (with pleasing).

Threaded and not only shut-off valves may be the same by type of connecting nozzles or different - combined. For example, a ball valve on one side of which internal thread, and with another outdoor (HV). Or one joining flange, and another under welding.

Large selection of ballcatters in our online store Unidim. Our brands are Giacomini, RBM, Watts.