An intrapersonal conflict is one of the most complex psychological conflicts that is played in the inner world of man. It is difficult to submit a person who would not be subjected to intrapersonal conflicts. Moreover, with such conflicts, a person is constantly facing. Constructive intrapersonal conflicts are the necessary moments of personality development. But destructive intrainarity conflicts carry a serious danger to personality, from serious experiences that cause stress, to the extreme form of their resolution - suicide. Therefore, it is important for every person to know the essence of insider-personal conflicts, their causes and solutions. These and other aspects of intrapersonal conflicts are reflected in this workshop.

Material for self-study

The concept of intrapersonal conflict

The intrapersonal conflict is a conflict inside the mental world of a person, which is a collision of its oppositely directional motives (needs, interests, values, goals, ideals).

Some features that are important to consider when identifying it is inherent in the intrapersonal conflict. These features are:

Unusual in terms of conflict structure. There are no subjects of conflict interaction in the person of individual personalities or groups of people.

The specificity of the forms of leakage and manifestation. Such a conflict takes place in the form of heavy experiences. It is accompanied by specific states: fear, depression, stress. Often, intrapersonal conflict is poured into neurosis.

Latennost. Intrancy conflict is not always easy to detect. Often, a person himself does not realize that he is in a state of conflict. Moreover, sometimes he can hide its conflict condition under euphoric mood or for active activities.

The main psychological concepts of intrapersonal conflicts

The problem of intrapersonal conflict in the views of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

According to 3. Freud, a person conflict in nature. In it, two opposite instincts are struggling from birth defining its behavior. Such instincts are: Eros (sexual instinct, instinct of life and self-preservation) and Tanatos (death instinct, aggression, destruction and destruction). Intrecy conflict and is a consequence of the erased struggle between Eros and Tanatos. This struggle, by 3. Freud, manifests itself in the ambivalence of human feelings, in their contradictions. The ambivalence of feelings is enhanced by the inconsistency of social being and comes to the state of the conflict, which is manifested in the neurosis.

The most fully and specific conflict nature of a person is represented by 3. Freud in his views on the personality structure. According to Freud, the inner world of a person includes three instances: it (ID), "I" (EGO) and above-I (Super-EGO).

It is the primary, innate instance, initially irrational and subordinate the principle of pleasure. It is manifested in unconscious desires and attractions, which are manifested in unconscious impulses and reactions.

"I" is a reasonable instance based on the principle of reality. Irrational, unconscious impulses It "I" is in line with the requirements of real reality, that is, the requirements of the principle of reality.

Super - I am a "censored" instance based on the principle of reality and submitted by social norms and values, the requirements that society presents to personality.

The main internal contradictions of the individual add up between it and above-I, which regulate and resolves "I". If "I" could not resolve the contradiction between it and above-I, then in awareness instance there are deep experiences that characterize the intrapersonal conflict.

Freud in its theory not only reveals the causes of inside-personal conflicts, but also reveals the mechanisms of protection against them. The main mechanism of such protection, he considers sublimation, that is, the transformation of the sexual energy of a person into other types of its activities, including in his work. In addition, Freud allocates such protective mechanisms as: projection, rationalization, displacement, regression, etc.

The theory of the complex of inferiority Alfred Adler (1870-1937)

According to A. Adler's views, the formation of the nature of the personality occurs in the first five years of human life. During this period, he has an influence of adverse factors who give rise to a complex of inferiority. Subsequently, this complex has a significant impact on the behavior of the personality, its activity, the image of thoughts, etc. This is determined by intrapersonal conflict.

Adler explains not only the mechanisms for the formation of intracual-wealth conflicts, but also discloses ways to resolve such conflicts (compensation of an inferiority complex). Such paths it highlights two. First of all, this is the development of "social feeling", social interest. The developed "social feeling" is ultimately manifested in interesting work, normal interpersonal relations, etc. But a person can form and the so-called "undeveloped social feeling", which has various negative forms of manifestation: crime, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. P. Second, stimulation of own abilities, achieving superiority over others. Compensation of an inferiority complex by stimulating its own abilities can have three forms of manifestation: a) adequate compensation, when the coincidence of superiority with the content of social interests (sport, music, creativity, etc.) is coincide. b) the supercompensation when hypertrophied development occurs in one of the abilities having a pronounced egoistic character (accumulation, dedication, etc.); c) Imaginary compensation when the incompleteness complex is compensated by the disease that has developed circumstances or other factors that do not depend on the subject.

The doctrine of the extroversion and introversion of Charles Jung (1875-1961)

K. Jung in an explanation of intrapersonal conflicts proceeds from the recognition of the conflict nature of the personality itself. In 1921, Psychological Types published in 1921, he gave a personality typology, which is still considered one of the most convincing and is widely used both in theoretical and practical psychology. Personality typology K. Yung carries out four grounds (personal functions): thinking, sensations, feelings and intuition. Each of the functions of the psyche, according to K. Yung, can manifest itself in two directions - extroversion and introversion. Based on all this, he highlights eight types of personality, the so-called psychosocyotypes: a thinker-extrovert; introvert thinker; feeling-extrovert; sensing-introvert; emotional-extrovert; emotional-introvert; intuitive-extra-vert; Intuitive-introvert.

The main thing in Jung typology is the direction - extroversion or introversion. It is she determines the personal installation that ultimately manifests itself in an intrapersonal conflict.

So, the extrovert is initially focused on the outside world. He builds his inner world in accordance with the external. The introvert is originally immersed in itself. For him, the most important thing is the world of internal experiences, and not the external world with its rules and laws. Obviously, the extrovert is susceptible to intra-like conflict more than introvert. (

Concept of "existential dichotomy" Erich Fromma (1900-1980)

In an explanation of intrapersonal conflicts, E. Fromm tried to overcome the biological interpretations of the person and put forward the concept of "existential dichotomy". In accordance with this concept, the causes of intrapersonal conflicts are enclosed in the dichotomous nature of the person himself, which manifests itself in its existential problems: the problem of life and death; limited human life; Hasive potential human and limited capabilities of their implementation and other conditions.

More specifically, philosophical approaches in explaining intrapersonal conflicts E. Froch implements in the theory of biofilia (love for life) and necrophilia (love for death).

Theory of psychosocial development Eric Erikson (1902-1994)

The essence of Erixon's theory is that he put forward and substantiated the idea of \u200b\u200bthe stages of psychosocial identity development, each of which every person experiences his crisis. But on each age stage, either a favorable overcoming of the crisis situation, or unfavorable. In the first case, there is a positive identity development, her confident transition to the next life stage with good prerequisites for its successful overcoming. In the second case, the personality goes into a new stage of his life with problems (complexes) of the last stage. All this creates unfavorable prerequisites for the development of the personality and causes her inner experiences. The stage of psychosocial development of the personality by E. Erickson is given in Table. 8.1.

Motivational conflicts on Kurt Levin (1890-1947)

The classification of internal conflicts presented in Table is greater practical value for identifying intrapersonal conflicts and determining their resolution paths. 8.2.

In addition to the above psychological concepts of intrapersonal conflicts, there are other developed in the framework of cognitive and humanistic psychology.

Forms of manifestation and methods of resolution of intrapersonal conflicts

To resolve intrapersonal conflicts, it is important, first, to establish the fact of such a conflict, secondly, to determine the type of conflict and its cause; And thirdly, apply the appropriate solution. It should be remembered that often to resolve intrapersonal conflicts, their carriers need psychological, and sometimes in psychotherapeutic assistance.

INTERCISTRAL conflicts 187.

Table 8.1 Stage of Psychosocial Development by E. Erickson

Table 8.2.

Classification of intrapersonal conflicts by K. Levin

Below in Table. 8.3 We present the form of manifestation of internal conflicts that are designed to help them discover or other people, and in Table. 8.4 - Methods for their permission.

Table 8.3 Forms of manifestation of internal conflicts

Table 8.4 Ways to resolve intrapersonal conflicts

Sources for in-depth study of the topic

1. Antsuzov A. Ya., Shipilov A.I. Conflictology. - M.: Uniti, 1999. - Section. V.

2. Grishin N. V. Psychology of conflict. - SPb.: Peter, 2000.

3. Conflictology / Ed. A. S. Carmina - SPb.: Lan, 1999. - GL.4.

4. Kozyrev G. I. Introduction to conflictology. - M.: Vlados, 1999. - C.144-146.

5. Psychology. Tutorial / Ed. A. A. Krylova. - M.: Prospekt, 1998. - Ch. eighteen; nineteen; 22.

6. Horney K. Your internal conflicts. - SPb.: Lan, 1997.

Control questions

1. Give the definition of intrapersonal conflict.

2. List the features of intrapersonal conflicts.

3. List the main psychological concepts of in-personal conflicts.

4. What is the main essence of views 3. Freud on the nature of intrapersonal conflicts?

5. What is the main essence of the incompleteness complex A. Adler?

6. What is the main essence of the teachings of K. Jung on the nature of intrapersonal conflicts?

7. What is the main essence of "existential dichotomy" E. Frochma?

8. List the main types of intrapersonal conflicts by K. Levin.

9. List the form of manifestation of intrapersonal conflicts.

10. List the main ways to resolve intrapersonal conflicts.

Lesson 8.1. Practical lesson on the topic: "Self-assessment of the test method"

The purpose of the lesson. Fastening students' knowledge on the main problems of the theory of intrapersonal conflict, the development of self-assessment skills and the formation of the analysis of the results of the test results and the development of the program of self-improvement and self-correction of behavior.

Procedure for holding

Preparatory stage. For one or two weeks, students receive an installation for testing in the form of testing for self-assessment of the individual. They are reported the topic and goals of classes. Indications are given on an independent study of the literature and the clarification of the basic concepts: "intrapersonal conflict", "types of inside-personal conflicts", "forms of manifestation of intrapersonal conflicts", "Ways to resolve intrapersonal conflicts."

During the lesson. Students are invited to pass the following tests. The teacher organizes a discussion of test results and provides methodological assistance in developing a program of self-improvement and self-correction of behavior.

Test 8.1. Self-assessment of character according to the method of R. Kattel

Purpose of the test. To identify individual features character features.

This test is a modified simplified version of the 16-factor questionnaire, developed by the American psychologist Raymond Bernarr Kattel and intended for identifying generalized initial features of the personality - factors included in its structure and being the causes of human reactions to the surface.

It is simpler in processing and interpretation, although it does not give such an idea of \u200b\u200bpersonality as a classic option (16 re).

Instruction. You are invited to choose one of the options for answering each question ("A", "B", "B").

Reading questions, do not think about them for a long time, try to present the whole situation as a whole and appreciate how typical of you is typical.

In all matters, the answer "b" corresponds to the cases in which you cannot clearly reply, or when both opposite options are equally acceptable to you. Try, however, do not abuse such answers.

Remember that there is no "wrong" or "right" answers - each person has the right to his own opinion.

1. I could well live alone, away from people: a) yes; b) sometimes; C) No.

Introity conflicts 191.

2. Sometimes I do not mean yourself without a special reason: a) Yes; b) I do not know; C) No.

3. Reading about any incident, I am interested in all the details:

a) yes; b) sometimes; c) rarely.

4. When friends are riding to me, I usually laugh with them and not at all offended:

5. The fact that to some extent distracts my attention:

a) annoying me;

b) something average;

c) does not bother me completely.

6. I like a friend:

a) the interests of which have a business and practical nature; b) I do not know;

c) which is distinguished by deeply thoughtful views on life.

7. I was more interesting at the enterprise:

a) work with machines and mechanisms and participate in the main production;

b) hard to say;

c) talk with people to engage in public work.

8. I always have enough energy when I need it: a) yes; b) hard to say; C) No.

9. I would rather reveal my innermost thoughts: a) my good friends;

b) I do not know;

c) in his diary.

10. I can calmly listen as other people express ideas opposite to those in which I firmly believe:

b) I find it difficult to answer;

c) incorrectly.

11. I am so careful and practical that less surprises happen to me than with other people:

12. I think I tell a lie less often than most people: a) true; b) I find it difficult to answer; c) incorrectly.

13. I would rather work soon:

a) in the institution where I would have to lead people and be among them;

b) I find it difficult to answer;

c) architect.

14. What I'm doing, I can't:

a) rarely; b) something average; c) often.

15. Even if I say that my ideas are impracticable, it does not stop me:

a) true; b) I do not know; c) incorrectly.

16. I try to laugh at jokes not as loud as most people do:

a) true; b) I do not know; c) incorrectly.

17. Efforts spent on making plans:

a) never extra;

b) hard to say;

c) do not stand it.

18. I like working with people sophisticated, sophisticated than with people frank and straightforward:

a) yes; b) I do not know; C) No.

19. I am pleased to make a person a favor, agreeing to appoint a meeting with him for a while, convenient for him, even if it is a bit uncomfortable for me:

a) yes; b) sometimes; C) No.

20. When I go to bed, I:

a) fall asleep quickly;

b) something average;

c) fall asleep with difficulty.

21. Working in the store, I would like:

a) draw the showcases;

b) I do not know;

c) be a cashier.

22. I prefer:

a) questions concerning me to solve myself;

b) I find it difficult to answer;

c) I advise my friends.

23. Neat, demanding people do not get along with me: a) right; b) sometimes; c) incorrectly.

24. If people think of me badly, I do not try to convince them, but I continue to do in my own way:

a) yes; b) hard to say; C) No.

25. It happens that I do not want to talk with anyone all the morning: a) often; b) sometimes; c) never.

26. I am bored:

a) often; b) sometimes; c) never.

27. I think that even the most dramatic events will no longer leave any traces in my soul:

a) yes; b) hard to say; c) incorrectly.

28. I think more interesting to be:

a) Botany and work with plants;

b) I do not know;

c) insurance agent.

29. When a question that needs to be solved is very difficult and requires a lot of effort from me, I try:

a) do another question;

b) I find it difficult to answer;

c) once again try to solve this issue.

30. At night, fantastic or ridiculous dreams are filmed: a) yes; b) sometimes; C) No.

This test cannot fully give an idea of \u200b\u200byour character and does not claim absolute accuracy.

However, it allows you to learn some features: sociability, emotional stability, conscientiousness, discipline.

Data processing

The answer "b" is always estimated at 1 point.

From the 1st to the 7th and from the 23rd to the 30th questions:

"A" - brings 0 points;

"B" - 2 points.

From the 8th to the 22nd Questions:

"A" - 2 points;

"B" - 0 points.

Key to test and evaluation of results

1. The amount of points obtained in responses to questions 1, 7, 9, 13, 19, 25 speaks of your sociability or closetness.

If the amount of points does not exceed 8, then you are most likely not very needed in the society of others and by nature, as they say, are not contact. It is possible that you are skeptical about familiar and quite strictly judge others. And this, as you know, limits the circle of close friends, with which it is easy to be frank.

If the amount of points above 8, then you are sociable and good-natured, open and heart. You are peculiar to naturalness and ease in behavior, attentiveness and softening towards people. You are not very afraid of criticism. Choosing a specialty, you should pay attention to, you can recommend a profession of the "man - person" type, requiring constant communication with people, collective action.

2. The amount of points obtained by answering questions 2,5,8,14,20,

26, speaks of your emotional stability or instability.

If the sum is less than 7, you are most likely susceptible to feelings and prone to a quick mood change. High ratings are peculiar to people weathered, calm, whose look at things is more realistic.

3. If the amount obtained by answering questions 3, 6.15, 18, 21,

27, less than 7, you are practical and conscientious person, easily follow the generally accepted standards, rules of behavior. Although, perhaps, it is characterized by some limitations, "grounding", excessive attentiveness to small things.

With high estimates - you have a rich imagination and, as a result, high creative potential. Try to still not "turn in the clouds." This often leads to everyday failure.

4 If the amount of points in responses to questions 4,10, 16, 22, 24 and 28 exceeds 5, you probably characterize prosecution and prudence. You are quite insightful, you know how to evaluate the events and surrounding people "without sublimation".

With low estimates, it is quite possible, you are characterized by straightness, naturalness and immediacy in behavior.

5. With the amount of answers to questions 11, 12, 17, 23, 29 and 30 less than 6, you seem to do not always have a good deal with self-control and discipline. Usually, such people, as psychologists say, inherent inner conflict.

When evaluating above the points, you probably have a purposeful person, well control your emotions and behavior, it is not difficult for you to adhere to the generally accepted rules.

Test 8.2. Self-esteem personality (1st option)

Instruction. Each person has certain ideas about the ideal and the most valuable properties of the person. People are focused on these qualities in the process of self-education. What qualities do you appreciate in people "? Different people have these ideas of unequal, and therefore they do not match the results of self-education. What ideas do you have? To understand this will help you with the following task that is performed in two stages.

1. Divide the sheet of paper into four equal parts, designate each part of Roman numbers I, II, III, IV.

2. There are four set of words characterizing the positive qualities of people. You must in each set of qualities to highlight those that are most significant and valuable for you personally, which you prefer before others. What these are quality and how much - everyone decides himself.

3 Carefully read the words of the first set of qualities. Write the most valuable quality in the column for you along with their numbers standing on the left. Now proceed to the second set of qualities - and so to the very end. As a result, you must receive four sets of ideal qualities.

To create conditions for the same understanding of the qualities by all participants in the psychological examination, give the interpretation of these qualities.

A set of personal qualities

I. Interpersonal relationships, communication.

1. Politeness - compliance with the rules of decency, courtesy.

2. Care - thoughts or actions aimed at well-being of people; Care.

3. Sincerity - expression of genuine feelings, truthfulness, frankness.

4. Collectivity - the ability to maintain overall work, common interests, collective start.

5. Responsiveness is ready to respond to other people's needs.

6. Radies - heartless, affectionate relationship, connected with hospitality, readily to serve something.

7. Sympathy is a responsive, spray attitude to experiences, misfortunes of people.

8. Tacticity - a sense of measure that creates the ability to behave in society, do not hurt the dignity of people.

9. Tolerance - the ability to relate to someone else's opinion, character, habits.

10. Sureness is responsiveness, sympathy, the ability to easily understand people.

11. Goodwill - the desire of good people, willingness to promote their well-being.

12. Discussion - the ability to express a sense of personal pleasure.

13. Charmality - the ability to charming, attract to yourself.

14. Sociability - the ability to easily enter into communication.

15. Binding - loyalty to the word, debt, promise.

16. Responsibility is the need, the duty is responsible for their actions and actions.

17. Frankness - openness, accessibility for people.

18. Justice is an objective assessment of people in accordance with the truth.

19. Compatibility - the ability to combine its efforts with the activity of others when solving common tasks.

20. Requirement - strictness, waiting from people to fulfill their duties, debt.

II. Behavior.

1. Activity - manifestation of interested attitudes towards the environment and oneself, to the business of the team, energetic acts and actions.

2. Pride - self-esteem.

3. Good nature - softness of character, location to people.

4. Decency - honesty, inability to commit educational and antisocial actions.

5. The courage is the ability to accept and implement their decisions without fear.

6. Hardness - the ability to insist on its own pressure, unshakable, stability.

7. Confidence - faith in the correctness of actions, lack of oscillations, doubt.

8. Honesty is straight, sincerity in relations and actions.

9. Energy - determination, activity of actions and action.

Internalism conflicts 197.

10. Enthusiasm - strong inspiration, mental lift.

11. Goodness - honest fulfillment of their duties.

12. Initiative is the desire for new forms of activity.

13. Intelligence is high culture, education, erudition.

14. perseverance - perseverance in achieving goals.

15. Decision is inflexibility, hardness in actions, the ability to quickly make decisions, overcoming internal oscillations.

16. Principality - the ability to adhere to the firm principles, beliefs, views on things and events.

17. Self-criticism - the desire to assess your behavior, the ability to open your mistakes and disadvantages.

18. Independence - the ability to perform actions without someone else's assistance, on their own.

19. Balanced - smooth, calm, behavior.

20. Foreignness - the presence of a clear goal, the desire to achieve it.

III. Activity.

1. Thoughtfulness - deep penetration into the essence of the case.

2. Business suit - knowledge of business, enterprise, intelligence.

3. Mastery - high art in any area.

4. Ponatility - the ability to understand the meaning, intelligence.

5. Speed \u200b\u200bis the rapidness of actions and actions, speed.

6. Cobeness - focus, tightness.

7. Accuracy - the ability to act as set, in accordance with the sample.

8. Diligence - Love for labor, socially useful activities requiring voltage.

9. Madness - the ability to completely surrender to any case.

10. Expandability - zeal in what requires a long time and patience.

11. Accuracy - compliance in everything about the order, carefulness, operational.

12. Attentiveness - concentration on performance.

13. Forensicity - dismissions, the ability to foresee the consequences, predict the future.

14. Discipline - the habit of discipline, the consciousness of debt to society.

15. Extension - diligence, good task execution.

16. Inquisition - the toastfulness of the mind, a tendency to acquire new knowledge.

17. Response - the ability to quickly find a way out of difficult provisions.

18. Sequence - the ability to perform tasks, actions in strict order, logically, slim.

19. Performance - the ability to work much and productively.

20. Scrupulosis - accuracy to small things, special care.

IV. Experiences, feelings.

1. Cheerfulness - a feeling of completeness, activities, energy.

2. Fearlessness - the lack of fear, courage.

3. Greater is a carefree-joyful state.

4. Independence - sincere friendliness, the location of people.

5. Mercy - willingness to help, forgive from compassion, humanity.

6. Tenderness - manifestation of love, caress.

7. Freedom-loving - love and desire for freedom, independence.

8. Heartness is implacing, sincerity in relations.

9. Personality - the ability of entirely to accomplish their passion.

10. Shame - the ability to experience a feeling of shame.

11. Emotion is a measure of experience, mental concern.

12. Establishness - a big lifting of feelings, delight, admiration.

13. Possibility is a tendency to feel the feeling of pity, compassion.

14. Cheerfulness - constancy of the feeling of joy, lack of despondency.

15. Loving - the ability to love much and many.

16. Optimist is a cheerful globility, faith in success.

17. Restraint - the ability to keep itself from the manifestation of feelings.

18. Satisfaction is a feeling of pleasure from the fulfillment of desires.

19. Coolness - the ability to keep calm and exposure.

20. Sensitivity - the ease of experiences, feelings, increased susceptibility to exposure from the outside.

Carefully consider the qualities of the personality that you discharge from the first set, and find among them that you have real. Circuit numbers with them with a circle. Now go to the second set of qualities, then to the third and fourth.

Treatment

1. Count how much you found real qualities (P).

2. Count the number of ideal qualities imposed by you (and), and then calculate their percentage.

Results compare with an estimated scale (see Table 8.5).

Test 8.2. Self-esteem personality (2nd option)

Instruction

1. Carefully read a set of 20 personality qualities: accuracy, cheerfulness, kindness, perseverance, mind, truthfulness, principle, independence, modesty, sociability, pride, conscientiousness, indifference, laziness, sassillion, cowardice, greed, suspicion, egoism, inconsistency.

2. In the 1st Stage "Ideal" under the number (rank) 1, write down the quality of the above, which you most value in humans, at number 2 - then the quality that value is slightly smaller, etc., in descending order significance. Number 13 Specify that quality - disadvantage - from the above, which you could easier could forgive people (after all, as you know, there are no ideal people, everyone has shortcomings, but some can forgive, but some - no ), at number 14 - the disadvantage that is more difficult to forgive, etc., at number 20 is the most disgusting, from your point of view, the quality of people.

3. In the 2nd Stage "I" under the number (rank) 1, write down the quality of the above, which you personally have the strongestly developed (regardless of whether it is or disadvantaged), at number 2 - then the quality that has been developed You are slightly smaller, etc., in a descending order, under the last numbers are the qualities that you have less developed or absent.

Data processing

1. Counting by the formula

where- Rank (number) of quality in the 1st column; - rank of 1st quality in the 2nd column; - the difference of grades of grade 1 in the columns.

We will calculate everything, there must be 20. Suppose that the first word in the 1st column - the mind in the 2nd column is the word is on the 5th place, that is. \u003d 5, then according to the formula, calculate (1 - 5) 2 \u003d 16 And so on for all words in order (n - the amount of the analyzed qualities, n \u003d 20).

2. Then we obtain the stock, we multiply on 6, we divide the product to \u003d\u003d 7980 and, finally, from 1 taking private, that is, we find the rating correlation coefficient:

Evaluation and Interpretation of Results

1. Calculate the formula:

where: - Rank (number) of Mr. Quality in the 1st column;

Rank (number) of g "-go quality in the 2nd column; Vi- difference of ranks g" -go number in columns. Calculate everything must be 20.

2. The resulting rating correlation coefficient compare with the scale (Table 8.5).

Self-assessment of the individual may be adequate, overestimated or understated.

Adequate self-esteem corresponds to two positions (levels) of a psychodiagnostic scale: "Middle", "above average".

Table 8.5 Psychodiagnostic Scale Test 8.2

With adequate self-esteem, the subject of social interaction is correct (real) relates its capabilities and abilities, it criticically refers to itself, sets real goals, knows how to predict an adequate attitude of others to the results of its activities. The behavior of such a subject is based on its non-conflict, in conflict it behaves constructively. Inside riffine conflicts are under little.

With the self-esteem "High level", "above average": a person deservedly appreciates and respects himself, satisfied with himself, he has a developed sense of self-esteem.

With self-esteem "Middle Level": a person respects himself, but knows his weaknesses and strives for self-improvement, self-development.

The overestimated self-esteem corresponds to the level "inadequately high" in a psychodiagnostic scale.

With an overestimated self-esteem, a person has an incorrect idea of \u200b\u200bitself, an idealized image of his personality. He overestimates his capabilities, is always focused on success, ignores failures.

The perception of reality is often emotionally, failure or failure, as a consequence of someone's mistakes or adverse circumstances.

Fair criticism in his address he perceives as picky.

Such a person conflict is inclined to overestimation of a conflict situation, in conflict behaves actively, making a bet on victory.

The understated self-esteem corresponds to the three positions (levels) in a psychodiagnostic scale: "inadequately low", "low" and "below average".

With understated self-esteem in humans there is a complex of inferiority. He is unsure of himself, Robot, passive. Such people are distinguished by excessive demanding to themselves and even greater demanding to others. They are fusey, whitewings, and others see only shortcomings.

Such people are conflict. The causes of conflicts often occur due to their intolerance to other people.

Test 8.3. "Self-assessment of the level of claims according to the method of Schwarzlander"

Instruction

1. Think how many "plusies" you can draw in 10 seconds, and this is the number of prospective "plusies" specify in forms 1; Put the number next to the UE (levels of claims). Then, at the Start Experimentator signal, start drawing "plusings" in each square of the form 1, and stop drawing along the STOP signal. Calculate the number of the "plus signs" you really draw and specify in Blanca 1 next to CD (level of achievements).

2. Considering your previous experience and the range of your features (can you more, quickly draw "pluses"), specify in the letter 2 your levels of claims and then by signals of the Start and Stop experimental signals, refine the experience and write down in the blank 2 Your level of achievements.

3. Repeat this procedure for the third, and then for the fourth blank. (Notes for the experimenter, see below.)

Data processing

1. Calculate your claims according to the formula:

where UP (2) is the level of claims from the form 2; UD (1) is the level of achievements from the form 1, etc. In accordance with the numbers specified in the brackets.

2. The resulting values \u200b\u200bof the claims are comparable to a psychodiagnostic scale.

The level of claims (the technique was developed by Schwarzlander)

Psychodiagnostic scale to test 8.3

The level of claims (U P) is 5 and higher - unrealistic high; UP \u003d 3 ■ * - 4.99 - high; UP \u003d 1 * - 2.99 - moderate; UP \u003d -1.49 * ■ 0.99 - Low, UE \u003d -1.50 and below - unrealisticly low.

The level of claims characterizes the degree of difficulties of those goals to which the person seeks to the achievement of which is attractive and possible. At the level of claims, the impact of the dynamics of good luck and failures in the life path, the dynamics of success in concrete activities. There are adequate levels of claims (a person sets them to those goals that can actually achieve, which correspond to its abilities and opportunities) and inadequate: overestimated (claims that it cannot be achieved) or understated (chooses light and simplified goals, although it is capable of larger). The more adequate self-esteem, the more appropriate level of claims.

Persons with an unrealistic inflated level of claims, overestimating their abilities and opportunities, are taken for those who are unbearable tasks for them and often fail. People with a high, but realistic level of claims strive constantly to improve their achievements, to self-improvement, to solve more and more complex tasks, to achieving difficult goals. Persons with a moderate level of claims stably and successfully solve the range of tasks of medium difficulty, not seeking to improve their achievements and abilities and move to more difficult goals. Persons with a low or unrealistic understated level of claims choose too light and simple goals, which can be explained: a) understated self-esteem, unbelief in their forces, "Incompleteness Complex", or b) "Social cunning", when, along with high self-esteem and self-esteem The person avoids social activity and difficult, responsible cases and goals.

Note for an experimenter: 1) Sizes of Tables yukhsm, dimensions of small squares in tables 1 x 1 cm; 2) the duration of the 1st, 2nd, 4th experiments of 10 seconds, and in the 3rd experience - 8 seconds for the artificial creation of a failure situation.

Test 8.4. Self-esteem complex of inferiority

The first complexes of inferiority described and gave them the definition of "founding fathers" of psychoanalysis. These names, they identified emotionally painted beliefs and life principles that are manifested in impulsive, unsenable to explain the actions that complicate the normal life that limit the possibilities of developing the personality and preventing the feeling of joy. The inferiority complex makes people feel lower than others, he, for example, can cause a refusal from any competitive struggle: exams, professional contests, business, etc. This complex is generated by uncertainty in its virtues or abilities. "I will not even try, I'll lose!" - convinced the victims of this complex.

Complexes are developing, as a rule, in people who, by nature, or by education, tend to be harsh judges. They endure themselves a harsh sentence ("for small growth", "thick legs", etc.), but also constantly condemn others. From the point of view of psychology, one or another self-assessment is directly related to your attitude towards the environment. He who loves this world loves himself. So, if we always criticize others, we will be ruthless and to ourselves. Ruthlessness will enter the habit, and then become a complex. Such a person is practically satisfied with himself. Everyone nibbles something, each has its own complexes. We all compare themselves with someone to make sure that we are standing.

And what about you? To do this, answer the test questions.

Instruction. Read each approval, select the answer option that is most valid for you, write down the approval number and the number of points to the selected answer option (the number of points is indicated next to the answer option).

1. People do not understand me

a) often (0)

b) rarely (3)

c) this does not happen (5)

2. I feel "not in its plate"

a) rarely (5)

c) very often (0)

3. I am optimist

b) only in exceptional cases (3)

4. Rejoice What fell, it's a) stupidity (0)

b) helps to survive difficult minutes (3)

c) what it is worth learn (5)

5. I would like to have the same abilities like others

b) sometimes (3)

c) no, I have higher abilities (5)

6. I have too much flaws

a) it's true (0)

b) it's not my opinion (3)

c) not true! (five)

7. Life is beautiful!

a) it really is so (5),

b) it is too general assertion (3)

c) not at all (0)

8. I feel unnecessary a) often (0)

b) at times (3) c) rarely (5)

9. My actions around others are incomprehensible.

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (5)

10. I tell me that I do not justify hope

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) very rarely (5)

11. I have a lot of advantages

b) it all depends on the situation (3)

12. I am pessimist a) Yes (0)

b) in exceptional cases (3)

13. How every thinking person, I analyze my behavior

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (5)

14. Life is sad thing

a) generally yes (0)

c) it is not so (5)

15. "Laughter is health"

a) Banal statement (0)

b) it is worth remembering in difficult situations (3)

c) not at all (5)

16. People underestimate me

a) alas, it is so (0)

b) I do not give it much value (3)

c) not at all (5)

17. I judge others too harsh

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (5)

18. After the failure strip always comes

a) I believe in it, although I know that this is faith in miracles (5)

b) maybe so, but there is no scientific confirmation (3)

c) I do not believe in it, because it is faith in miracles (0)

19. I behave aggressively

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (5)

20. I am lonely

a) very rare (5)

b) sometimes (3)

c) too often (0)

21. People are unfriendly

a) Most (0)

b) some (3)

c) not at all (5)

22. I do not believe that you can achieve what you want

a) Because I do not know who it succeeds (0)

b) sometimes it succeeds (3)

c) it is not, I believe! (five)

23. Requirements that in front of me put life exceeded my possibilities.

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (5)

24. Probably, every person is dissatisfied with his appearance a) I think yes (0)

b) Probably sometimes (3) c) I do not think so (5)

25. When I do something or say, it happens, I do not understand me

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) very rarely (5)

26. I love people

b) approval is too general (3)

27. It happens, I doubt my abilities

a) often (0)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (5)

28. I am satisfied with myself

a) often (5)

b) sometimes (3)

c) rarely (0)

29. I think that it should be more critical than other people

b) I do not know (3)

30. I believe that I have enough strength to realize my life plans.

b) sometimes happens (3)

Assessment of results

ATTENTION: If you did not score the same amount of points (for example, 0 and 0.3 and 3, 5 and 5) in the following pairs: 3 and 18, 9 and 25.12 and 22, the total test result can be considered random, unreliable.

0-40 points - unfortunately, you are compacted. Evaluate yourself negatively, "looked around" on their weaknesses, shortcomings, mistakes. You constantly struggle with you, and it only aggravates your complexes, and the situation itself, even more complicates your relationship with people. Try to think about yourself otherwise: concentrate on the fact that there is a strong, warm, good and joyful in you. You will see that your attitude towards himself will change very soon and to the world around.

41-80 points. You have all the opportunities yourself perfectly cope with your complexes. In general, they do not really interfere with you live. At times you are afraid to analyze yourself, your actions. Remember: to hide your head in the sand - the case is completely unpromising, it will not bring to the good and can only discharge the situation for a while. From myself you will not kill, bolder!

81-130 points - you are not devoid of complexes, like every normal person, but perfectly cope with your problems. Objectively assess your behavior and actions of people. Hold your destiny in your hands. In the company you feel easily and freely, and people feel as easily in your society. Tip: keep it up!

131-150 Points - you think you have no complexes at all. Do not deceive yourself, it simply does not happen. The world invented by you and your own image is far from reality. Self-exchanger and overestimated self-esteem. Try to look at yourself from the side. Complexes in order to cope with them or ... to love them. You will be enough for both. Otherwise, your self-love complex will turn into a rapidness, arrogance, will cause hostility to you around people, will significantly spoil your life.

Test 8.5. Determination of temperament according to the method of Aizenka

Instruction. You are offered 57 questions. For each question, only "yes" or "no". Do not waste time discussing questions, there can be no good or bad answers, since this is not a test of mental abilities.

1. Do you often have a lot of new impressions, to distracting, experience strong sensations?

2. Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand you, encourage, sustain?

3. Do you think yourself with a carefree person?

4. Is it really hard for you to abandon your intentions?

5. Do you think about your business in slow and prefer to wait before acting?

6. Do you always restrain your promises, even if it is unprofitable for you?

7. Do you often have a decline and mood lifts?

8. Do you usually act and say?

9. Do you ever have a feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?

10. Is it true that "on the dispute" are you able to decide on everything?

11. Do you confuse when you want to get acquainted with the person of the opposite sex that you are sympathetic?

12. Does ever happen that, getting angry, do you come out of yourself?

13. Does it often happen that you are working thoughtlessly under the influence of the moment?

14. Does you often bother you about what you have not followed something to do or talk?

15. Do you prefer reading books with people?

16. Is it true that you can easily hurt you?

17. Do you think often to be in the company?

18. Do you have such thoughts that you would not want to share with others?

19. Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything burns in their hands, and sometimes you feel fatigue?

20. Do you try to limit your dating circle with a small number of closest friends?

21. How many are you dreaming?

22. When you scream, do you answer the same?

23. Do you think all your habits are good?

24. Do you often have a feeling that you are to blame for something?

25. Are you able to sometimes give Will with your feelings and have a carefree to have fun in a funny company?

26. Is it possible to say that your nerves are often stretched to the limit?

27. Do you hear a person live and fun?

28. After the case is done, do you often come back to him and think that you would be able to do better?

29. Do you feel restless while in a big company?

30. Does that you pass rumors?

31. Does it happen that you do not sleep because of the fact that different thoughts climb?

32. If you want to know something, do you prefer to find it in a book or ask people?

33. Do you have a strong heartbeat?

34. Do you like work requiring concentration?

35. Do you have attacks trembling?

36. Do you always talk truth?

37. Do you unpleasantly located in the company, where do you get rid of each other?

38. Are you irritable?

39. Do you like work requiring speed?

40. Is it true that you often do not give peace of thought about different troubles and horrors that could happen, although everything ended well?

41. Is it true that you are leopard in movements and are somewhat slow?

42. Did you ever go to work or at a meeting with anyone?

43. Do you often dream nightmares?

44. Is it true that you like to talk so much that you do not miss any incident to talk with a new person?

45. Do you worry any pain?

46. \u200b\u200bWould you be upset if you couldn't see friends for a long time?

47. Are you a nervous person?

48. Are there any familiar among your acquaintances that you obviously do not like?

49. Are you confident man?

50. Is it easy for you to criticize your drawbacks or your work?

51. Is it difficult for you to get real pleasure from events in which many people participate?

52. Do you worry your feeling that you are something worse than others?

53. Would you make a recovery in a boring company?

54. Does that you talk about things in which you do not understand at all?

55. Do you worry about your health?

56. Do you like to jerk over others?

57. Do you suffer insomnia?

Emotional stability

Extraversion - is the amount of answers "Yes" in questions: 1, 3, 8, 10, 13,17,22,25,27,39,44,46,49,53,56 and no answers in matters: 5, 15,20,29,32,34,37,41.51.

If the amount of points is ranging from 0 to 10, then you are introverted, closed within our own inner world.

If 15-24, then you are extrovert, sociable, addressed to the outside world.

If 11-14, then you are an ambiver, communicate when you need it.

Neurotic - there is a number of answers "Yes" in questions: 2, 4, 7, 9,11, 14,16, 19, 21, 23, 23, 28, 31, 23, 35, 38, 28, 31, 23, 35, 38, 31, 31 , 50, 52, 55, 57.

If the number of answers "Yes" is ranging from 0 to 10, then emotional stability.

If 11-16, then - emotional impressionability. If 17-22, then there are separate signs of the separation of the nervous system.

If 23-24, then - neurotic, bordering pathology, a breakdown, neurosis is possible.

Lies - is the amount of answers "Yes" in questions: 6,24,36 and no answers in matters: 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.

If the number of points scored 0-3 is the norm of human lies, the answers can be trusted.

If 4-5, it is doubtful.

If 6-9, then the answers are unreliable.

If the responses can be trusted, a schedule is built on the data obtained.

Sanguinik Extravert: Stable Personality, Socialien, aims to the outside world, sociable, sometimes chatty, carefree, cheerful, loves leadership, many friends, cheerful.

Choleric-extrovert: an unstable personality, unwinning, is excited, inconsistent, aggressive, impulsive, is optimistic, active, but performance and mood is unstable, cyclical. In the situation of stress - a tendency to hysteria-psychopathic reactions.

Phlegmatic-introvert: Stable personality, slowly, calm, passive, calm, careful, thoughtful, peaceful, discreet, reliable, calm in a relationship, is able to withstand long-term adversity without disruptions of health and mood.

Melancholic-introvert: an unstable person, anxious, pessimistic, externally restrained, but in the soul is very emotional, sensitive, frustrated and worries, inclined to anxiety, depression, sadness; In tense situations, a breakdown or deterioration ("Stress of the Rabbit") is possible.

Lesson 8.2. The training "intrapersonal conflicts"

The purpose of the lesson. Show students mechanisms for the involvement of a person in the state of intrapersonal conflict, familiarize them with ways to prevent conflict and exit from it, teach them methods of stress resistance.

Participants of the game:

1. Official.

2. Head of the official.

3. A representative of the public.

4. Sweeper.

5. Representative of local mafia.

6. Officer's wife.

* See: Kozyrev G. I. Introduction to conflictology. - M: Vlados, 1999. - P. 144-146.

7. Conscience official.

8. Group of experts.

The game can take part from 7-8 to 30 or more people.

Game Situation

1. The municipal lease department and the use of the Earth is headed by a kind of official. The department received a disposal of the respective city authorities, prohibiting the use of children's, sports, gaming and other sites for any other purposes (for example, building, organization of parking lots, etc.). However, the immediate supervisor of the official interprets the received order in its own way and requires the official to provide relevant instructions on the elimination of a certain playground. The official begins to indicate the chief.

2. At the same time, visitors come to the official at the reception: a representative of the public, which requires compliance with the law and restoration of the playground; The petitioner offering a bribe for providing him to lease purified

Scheme of the training game (exempted) territory; A representative of the local mafia, threatening an official with a violence, if the desired territory will not be transferred to him.

3. After completing the working day, the official goes home and the following happens to him: a dialogue with his conscience about what happened to him per day; A conversation with my wife, which is dissatisfied with his constant delays at work ("Children without a father; Wife without a husband"). In turn, the official annoys what they do not even understand at home in the family.

The order of the game

1. Distribute all the listed roles among students (the role of the official is distributed only at the request of the applicant). Assign a group of experts.

2. The game begins with the conversation of the chief with the official. Further order of the game is described in the "gaming situation".

3. During the game, the participants change roles, still not involved directly players are attracted.

4. Expert statement and summing up the training game. Caution (for the game manager). The training game "Intringency conflict" suggests the high emotional and psychological stress of players, especially playing the role of the official. During the game, it is necessary to closely monitor the psychological state of the "official", and if necessary, stop the game and change the roles. In conclusion, the game needs to be "rehabilitation" of all "officials": make a comprehensive analysis of the situation and outputs from them; Familiarize all participants of the game with ways to protect against frustration.

Control Test

Select the correct answer in each of the 10 questions. 1. Intrancy conflict is:

a) deep emotional experiences of the personality of their failures;

b) the state of anxiety caused by the upcoming complex situation;

c) the collision of the opposite directional motives of the personality;

d) the collision of the oppositely directed behavioral characteristics of the personality;

e) Internal identity fluctuations facing the choice of funds to achieve a specific goal.

2. Which scientists have the development of teachings on the struggle between Eros and Tanatos, as a natural basis of intraity conflicts?

a) 3. Freuda;

b) A. Adler;

c) K. Yunga;

d) E. Fromma; e) to. Levin.

3. Who from scientists own the development of exercise on extroversion and introversion, as the objective nature of intrapersonal conflicts?

a) 3. Freuda;

b) A. Adler;

c) K. Yunga;

d) E. Fromma;

d) K. Levin.

4. Which scientists own the development of the "theory of the complex of inferiority"?

a) 3. Freuda;

b) A. Adler;

c) K. Yunga;

d) E. Fromma;

d) K. Levin.

5. Who from scientists own the development of the theory of "existential dichotomy"?

a) 3. Freuda;

b) A. Adler;

c) K. Yunga;

d) E. Fromma;

d) K. Levin.

6. Which scientists own the development of the theory of "motivational conflicts"?

a) 3. Freuda;

b) A. Adler;

c) K. Yunga;

d) E. Fromma; e) to. Levin.

7. Equivalent intrapersonal conflict is:

e) a conflict associated with a combination equally in the inner world of the personality of a tendency to extroversion-intrrow-cii.

8. Ambivalent intrapersonal conflict is:

a) the conflict associated with the choice between two equally unattractive objects;

b) conflict associated with a choice of 2 or more equally attractive and mutually exclusive objects;

c) conflict associated with the choice of an object in which at the same time there is an attractive and unattractive parties;

d) the conflict associated with the situation where the expected result of the decision of any task does not receive approval in society, a team or family;

9. Vital Intrinner conflict is:

a) the conflict associated with the choice between two equally unattractive objects;

b) conflict associated with a choice of 2 or more equally attractive and mutually exclusive objects;

c) conflict associated with the choice of an object in which at the same time there is an attractive and unattractive parties;

d) the conflict associated with the situation where the expected result of the decision of any task does not receive approval in society, a team or family;

e) a conflict associated with a combination equally in the inner world of the personality of a tendency to extroversion-intrrow-cii.

10. Forms of manifestation of intrapersonal conflicts are:

a) neurasthenia, euphoria, sublimation, idealization, nomadism, rationalization;

b) neurasthenia, euphoria, regression, projection, nomadism, rationalization;

c) neurasthenia, euphoria, idealization, projection, rationalization, displacement;

d) neurasthenia, euphoria, regression, projection, nomadism, reorientation;

e) compromise, care, reorientation, sublimation, idealization, displacement.

and basic ways to resolve it.

Methods for permission inside personal conflicts

One of the main ways to exit intrapersonal conflicts is an adequate assessment of the situation in which the individual turned out to be. It includes the self-esteem of the individual and assess the complexity of existing problems.

In social psychology, there is a concept of reflection - the ability of an individual to take a look at its situation from the position of the external observer, at the same time realize itself in this situation and how he is perceived by other people. Reflection helps a person to identify the true causes of its internal tension, experiences and alarms, correctly assess the current situation and find a reasonable way out of the conflict.
The famous psychotherapist Maxwell Malz in the book "I am I, or how to become happy" offers a lot of useful advice who can help a person solve personal conflicts. Most of these tips are based on the phenomenon of self-reflection. Consider some of them:
Create the correct image of your own "I". Know about yourself the whole truth. Be able to face the truth;
react to facts, and not on the idea of \u200b\u200bthem;
not to pay increased attention to the fact that people think about you as they rate you;
Do not react too emotionally on external stimuli, be able to delay your reaction to them ("I will worry only tomorrow");
Do not cultivate a feeling of insult, pity for yourself;
To be able to forgive yourself and others, forgiveness acts healing;
Be able to direct your aggression into the right track.
For surplus emotional "couple" you need to have a safety valve (exercise, creativity, hiking, etc.) :
Not "fight with windmills." Emotionally react only to what actually exists here and now;
Do not inflate "from the fly of an elephant", to actually assess the situation with all the consequences arising from it;
Have a clearly pronounced goal and steadily strive to achieve it. If possible, set real goals;
Act resolutely, purposefully, to come, not to defend.

During the conflict, emotions overwhelm people and prevent him from acting rationally.

In order not to carry an unnecessary and burdensome cargo, it is necessary to learn how to manage your emotions and periodically "clearing" from an excess of feelings such as insult, anger, fear, hatred, etc. For this, you can use a wide variety of ways and techniques, for example: to speak In a circle of friends, "Roach" in sports games, arrange hysterics alone (so as not to hear outsiders), break the old magazines in the shreds, to beat the mattress fists, etc. D.1. Freed from shipping emotions, a person receives additional resources to solve his problems.
D. Carnegie recommends in conflict situations (to overcome stress) Do not panic, but to take what happened as a faithful fact and act, throwing emotions. "It seems to me," writes D. Carnegie, - 50% of my unrest disappear when I take a clear, meaningful solution; Another 40% usually disappear when I proceed to its implementation.
So, I overcome my concern about 90% thanks to the implementation of the following principles:
Exact description of the situation exciting me.
Recording possible actions that I can do.
Decision-making.
Immediate implementation of this solution. "
In the event that an obstacle that caused intrapersonal conflict is unable to overcome, the frustrating individual can find other outputs:
replace tools to achieve a goal (find a new way;
replace goals (find alternative goals satisfying needs and desires;
Assess the situation in a new way (loss of interest in the goal as a result of obtaining new information, an argued refusal to goal and others. .

A special approach is needed when resolving unconscious internal conflict. The problem is that such a conflict exists on the subconscious level and its reasons are not clear for the carrier of the conflict. A person may be painful to react to certain life situations, some events or actions of others can be annoyed, he may be disliked to a certain type of people.

The reasons for such conflicts should be searched primarily in the man itself. To do this, it is necessary to carefully analyze several typical situations that cause your negative reaction and ask themselves a few questions:
What annoys me in this ...?
Why do I react so much ...?
How do I behave at the same time?
Why others on this ... react otherwise?
How adequately I react to this ...?
What is the cause of my irritation?
Wouldn't something like me happened to me before?
Other issues of issues will be possible to help better understand themselves. In the event that a person is able to realize the real sources of its internal conflicts, he will be free from the cargo of old problems and will respond to crisis situations adequately. In the event that it is not possible to resolve such problems, it is necessary to turn to a psychotherapist.

Inside, personal conflicts and stress activate the processes of spending physical and spiritual forces of a person. For their restoration and mobilization, as well as to drop out of the increased internal stress, there are various ways: for example, yoga, meditation, autotraining, etc.

When considering the causes of intrapersonal conflict, they can be divided into three types of interrelated causes. 1. Internal reasons.

The internal causes of intrapersonal conflict are rooted in contradictions between different facial motives in the absence of consistency between the components of its internal structure. At the same time, the more difficult the inner world of a person, the more its feelings are developed and the values \u200b\u200bare formed, the higher its ability to self-analysis, the more the face is inclined to conflict. Among the main contradictions causing an internal conflict can be allocated as follows:

Contradiction between identity needs and existing social norms;

The contradiction of motives, interests and needs (and for a date I want to go, and to the seminar should be prepared)

The contradiction of social roles (and in class it is necessary to be, and the sick grandmother must be visited)

The contradiction of social values \u200b\u200band norms (and violence do not do, and protect friends from hooligan).

For the emergence of intrapersonal conflict, these contradictions should acquire a deep personal sense, otherwise a person will not provide them with values. In addition, the various parties of the contradictions on the strength of their impact on a person should be approximately equal, otherwise a person of two evils easily chooses less, and from two benefits - more, and there will be no conflict.

2. External reasons.

A. The external causes of intrapersonal conflict due to the position of the person in the group.

their overall sign is the impossibility of meeting the needs and motives that have deep internal meaning in this situation and the importance for a person:

physical obstacles that are not allowed to satisfy urgent needs: the inability to have time before the start of classes due to the accident on the road;

The absence of an object required to meet the usual needs (I want to drink a cup of coffee, however, shops are closed, and there are no more coffee at home)

Biological restrictions (people with physical disabilities, chained to a wheelchair, cannot independently carry out a walk)

Social conditions - the main source of the largest number of our intrapersonal conflicts (the inability to qualitatively prepare for classes through accommodation in the hostel, and when our need for respect does not meet an understanding: if we feel others in our educational group because of the relationship to us some people).

B. The external reasons that cause intrapersonal conflict, at the organization level can be presented with such types of contradictions:

Contradiction between great responsibility and insufficient rights for its implementation (the elder of the educational group was given certain duties, and the rights for their implementation were not provided)

Contradiction between strict requirements for the quality of task and existing conditions (it is necessary to write high-quality scientific work, and there is not enough time and literature)

The contradiction between the two mutually exclusive requirements or tasks (requirements at the same time improve the quality of training and, at the same time, an increase in learning load);

The contradiction between the rigid task and the badly clarified terms of its implementation (the need to write scientific work on the competition in the first year and insufficient attention of the head to the student)

The contradiction between the desire for creativity, career, self-affirmation and the possibilities of implementing this within the organization (due to the desire to become an excellent student and the lack of understanding of this single-group can develop intrapersonal conflict)

Contradictions caused by incompatibility of the social roles of the person (the status of the elderly of the study group to present one requirements and norms of behavior in relation to one-logbooks, the state of a close friend - others).

B. The external causes of intrapersonal conflict due to the position of personality in society.

These causes are associated with contradictions that arise at the level of social macrosystems and are rooted in the nature of the social system and economic life. These include:

Contradictions between rivalry and personal success, on the one hand, and fraternal love and humanity - on the other;

Contradictions between our needs and existing obstacles to their satisfaction;

Contradictions between the declared human freedom and existing actual restrictions (selection of work, second holiday).

Thus, the face in the system of general domination of market relations and alienation is split. She feels like this solid market at the same time and the seller, and the goods. The man feels that its value does not depend on its human qualities, but from success in the competitive market with a constantly changing situation. Therefore, it is forced to constantly fight for success, and any obstacle on this path represents a serious threat to its inner state and generates an intrapersonal conflict.

All this is characteristic of Ukraine, when it comes to the influence of market relations on the formation of a person. Tests associated with an increase in intrapersonal conflicts, stress and neurosis should be prepared for us. Especially since the negative consequences of the influence of market reforms on the human psyche, the development of intrapersonal conflicts appear very significantly.

A big role played a quick revaluation of values. The whole generation of people turned out to be unable to adapt to market values \u200b\u200bor did not want to accept them. It turned out that the ideals that it lived in which they believed for dozens of years became not relevant and no one needed. This situation could not help but cause a feeling of disappointment, apathy and worthlessness.

It should be noted that the internal and external causes of internally personal conflicts are closely interrelated. So, people who are in a state of intraperial conflict representing the potential hazard for interpersonal relationships in the group.

Quarrel, Rugan, scandal, boycott - the first thing that often passes occur to the mention of the word conflict. Something unpleasant, spoiling relationship. Often this word is used in a political context: armed conflict. And associated with something dangerous, anxious.

If we consider this concept impartially, without negative color, we can say that the conflict is a disruption of the balance. This is a certain situation that is knocked out of the usual existence scheme. If the balance is broke, the need arises to return it, organize life in the course of the usual scheme.

That is, the conflict is the situation that has come as a result of an unpredictable event. This description can be applied to all conflicts in principle, whether it is a conflict of the environment-environment, a person, a person, society, a person-element.

There are numerous conflict classifications. A whole section of psychology is engaged in the study of this phenomenon and is called "conflictology". As part of this article, I propose to consider conflicts from the point of view of their flow and divide into external and internal.

External conflicts - Organism-environment conflicts. They occur on the border-contact of a person with the outside world. The balance in the interaction of the man-environment is violated. This group includes all conflicts that arise between a person and something or something external.

Internal conflicts (In psychology they are often called intrapersonal) - nothing else like the collision of our internal phenomena.

For example, the beliefs that you need to be polite and the desire to respond to rudeness to rudeness. Staying polite, a person feeds his belief that he did right. But it suffers dissatisfaction from the fact that he did not express his true attitude, did not defend himself. In this case, he can lead the internal dialog for a long time to calm down and prove to himself what he did right.

The problem lies in the fact that the multiple repetition of such situations leads to a resistant sense of dissatisfaction, and sometimes even to depression.

Often, among themselves there are rules, norms and beliefs learned from childhood, and desires that have a person in the current period.

Right girls and boys brought up with good mothers and dads, often very vulnerable in adulthood. They put good manners, but did not teach themselves to listen and their desires, defend the borders and defend themselves.

Crazy child parents who fell them from all the cruelty and urgency of the world, in adulthood they become in the best case in pink glasses. Trustful and naive.
It is their easiest to offend and deceive.

And it is in them most of all internal conflicts, as education dictates that it is necessary to lead themselves well, and reality shows that it is not always necessary. And here it is often possible to see non-controversiness - the inconsistency of external manifestations of internal needs. And this is nothing but a lie.

Lie to myself: I want one thing, and I do another. Selfman attracts the deception of others. That is how internal conflict develops into external. The interlocutor feels cheating, catch, lie. And I do not believe in response.

Often the internal conflict is not realized. A person is discomfort, but does not understand what he is connected with.The psyche is in voltage, it is necessary to reduce the alarm, but the "master" has powerful psychological protection that prevent awareness.

And then the binding symptom appears. This is what is called psychosomatics. All diseases from the nerves are a famous phrase. And it has a theoretical justification.

Unconscious problems are looking for a way out. Without finding out consciousness, manifests themselves at the bodily level. Because of the problems in psycho reacts soma (body). So the psychosomatic illness comes, which include gastritis, psoriasis, anclamp, stomach ulcers and other sores.

Example from practice:

Diana, 21 years old. Married, baby, 1.5 years. Lives in one apartment with her husband, mother-in-law and two sisters of her husband. He suffers from chronic nasal mortgage, because of which it is forced to constantly use vasoconducting drops. He is experiencing strong discomfort.

In the process of therapy, it turns out that for the first time with this problem, it was encountered during pregnancy, for which the occurrence of the symptom has written off. After giving birth, the symptom did not pass. It turns out that for the first time the symptom was discovered after moving Diana to the apartment to her husband and his relatives.

In the process of work "pop up" strong feelings towards her husband's relatives. Diana describes its condition: I suffocate in this house, "I miss the place, I do not have my own space, I am alien and wildly everything is there. Then, during the experiment, phrase is formulated: I do not want to breathe with them with one air.

Realizing this moment, Diana felt a strong relief. Gradually, the symptom passed, since we began to work on the awareness of its borders, needs and ways to make their lives next to the relatives of her husband more comfortable.

Approximately half a year with Diana there was an indicative case. She went to the cottage with his parents. The situation was tense, since the relationship with the mother in Diana is quite difficult. On the territory of the parents, she is forced to constantly follow the rules and do only what the mother wants from her.

Having stayed at the cottage all day, Diana returns home by car through rapeseed fields. Gradually, it begins to feel worse and worse: the eyes will tears, the temperature flows out of the nose, the temperature rises. An hour later, being at home, Diana feels completely sick. She is sure that he is experiencing an acute attack of allergies on rape.

But what happened really? A typical situation of "suffocation", imposing someone else's will, disturbing boundaries causes strong resistance. Feelings in relation to "violators" are forbidden, as they can lead to a strong affect and scandal. The psyche presses their awareness and the subsequent manifestation of feelings. Unconscious phenomena pop up on a familiar route - through the bodied symptom. Again the nasal congestion, snot, etc.

In further therapy, the method of settling its borders was developed for Diana, and the symptom left her forever.

Here we see an intraity conflict between the need to declare our desires, to defend our own borders and the inability to talk about it as a result of the ban on the expression of negative and disagreement with relatives (both own and relatives of the husband).

The client in childhood had traumatic experience in the family, where the powerful mother was not considered with the needs and desires of children and constantly punished for disobedience. Therefore, any disagreement with the opinion of family members was imprinted in the psyche of Diana, as fraught with punishment.

The danger of psychosomatic symptoms is that in case of ignoring, they turn completely into the body (catfish) and are chemlected, becoming a real disease requiring medical intervention.

It is also necessary to mention that the model of behavior learned in childhood does not always correspond to the tasks of the modern world. Our parents lived at the time when the world around was somewhat different.

Accordingly, we were brought up for life in a society that is no longer. Therefore, it is sometimes possible to revise their installations, rules and principles and check them for reality.

Clear, rigid (low-propelled, established) installation and rules create obstacles to creative adaptation to interaction with the outside world. Therefore, it is important to try, test new ways of behavior that go beyond usual in order to feel the completeness of life and sigh with full breasts!