When the pipeline is repaired, there is a need for its insert in the existing highway. If metal pipes are laid, you can use welding. To connect the shut-off valves, you must have a special tool for cutting threads on pipes. Moreover, its manufacture with such a device can be easily carried out in domestic conditions with their own hands.

In most cases, the threaded connection remains the main type of docking of metal pipes. It has several parameters that are taken into account when installing fittings. Properly selected dimensions allow you to create a reliable and hermetic connection.

To work with the threads, you need to distinguish the types of thread, its parameters and characteristics.

Inch and metric cutting

A characteristic difference is considered to be several parameters:

In Russia, all measurements are performed in the metric system. Did not exception and cutting the threaded connection . Characteristic differences are:

• Dimensions are indicated in millimeters.
• The profile resembles an equilateral triangle.
• A small step.

An inch system is used to connect the plumbing pipes, the manufacture of fasteners is made in the metric system. If the valve is screwed up according to a clockwise movement, the connection is called right. If on the contrary, the carving is considered left.

Treatment types

For the manufacture of threaded compounds, the industry produces special cutting devices. They are intended to fulfill certain technological operations. The tool for creating an inner thread, similar to the screw is called a tank. The device cuts the shake grooves on the pipe body. For fastening in the gate, the tap has a long shank. The tool is issued in accordance with the current standard. There are special tables that indicate the size of the tap, its number and type.

The kit for cutting includes two taps. Their main difference is the depth of teething groove:

• Chernovoy - No. 1.
• Finishing - No. 2.

Fixture plate

This device is sometimes called Lerka. The tool is equipped with a kind of nut having several holes. It is she who creates cutting edges.

Industry produces lars of different shapes:

• Crup.
• Round.
• Cuts.
• Sliding.
• Whole.

Description Kluppa

It differs from other fixtures of a special guide, which carries out the centering of the dice relative to the pipe. The device can be with an electric or manual. For use at home, when cutting will occur no more than two - three times, the work of the manual cluster will be more rational. Its cost is much less electric tool.

This tool is very convenient to work. The thread is very clean and reliable. The small weight of the device, the simplicity of the design allows you to quickly replace the cutters.

The most important characteristic of the club includes the material from which it is manufactured. Expensive tool steel is used to create a dice. But only the cutters create threads. They should be highly durable.

The club has no expensive non-functional elements. Therefore, the set of clupps is much less. The cost of cutting threads on a stainless steel pipe decreases sharply. Homemade craftsmen, not wanting to carry large financial losses, prefer to work as a tool.

Independent slicing

You can use multiple tools for work:

• Tap.
• Slope.
• Crup.

Which one to choose a set of tool depends on several factors. This is especially true of the type of thread. After all, it can be inner or outdoor. After selecting the dice, you must perform several steps.

If everything is in order, the number of turns corresponds to the conjugated part, you can conduct compound seals and start mounting the pipeline system.

Fixtures for turning machines allow you to facilitate some work and expand the functionality of serial machines. The devices can be factory, which produce some firms, and may be homemade. In this article, I will describe several interesting devices that will be very useful to any master having a lathe lathe in your workshop, and most devices can be made with their own hands.

Homemade fixtures for lathes.

Milling prefix to the lathe .

Let's start with the most necessary and useful tool, which will help turn the usual lathe into milling and significantly expand the capabilities of any wizard. This homemade milling prefix is \u200b\u200bdesigned for TV-4 lathe and such schoolchildren. But such a device is easy to do for any lathe, to fit the dimensions of a particular caliper.

This simple, but the reliable design of the milling console was developed in the Soviet years and published in the magazine "Models of the Designer". And with this console, you can perform on the lathe milling of planes, processing various parts by contour, to make a sample of different grooves and grooves.

And in general, it is possible to process with end and end milling cutters of any surfaces of parts, due to the fact that the carriage and caliper of the machine moves according to three coordinates, the carriage moves in the vertical plane, and the attachment bracket is moved in a horizontal plane.

As can be seen from the drawings, the main part of the device is a bracket that is fixed on the caliper of the lathe, instead of a removed carriage (sled) with a small longitudinal feed. And the carriage of a small longitudinal supply itself is removed from the caliper of the machine and is fixed with two bolts on the front wall of the berth. The prefixtakes vertically and allows you to vertically move the processed part.

The cut holder can be used to fasten it no longer with a cutter, but some flat part to be milling. And you can remove the slitcertel and use some homemade testicles instead if the detail being processed is more voluminous.

Also, instead of the cut holder, it is possible to fix on the standard stud, and the cartridge from a small lathe, if the diffused part is cylindrical, and not flat. Or instead of a cartridge, use a tablet from the lathe set. And it is an option with a tablet 3 (with grabs 4) and is shown in the drawing below.

The table cheeper is satisfied with the regular heel for the slit holder and clamping the nut. Well, the processed item is already clamped into the table cheeper by grabs 4, as usual. In general, the embodiments of the processed part may be somewhat, depending on its configuration and sizes.

The bracket of the prefix is \u200b\u200bcut with a grinder from ordinary sheet steel with a thickness of 8 mm and then its front wall 1, the side walls 2 and the base 3 is welded with an electric welding. When welding, of course, let us take into account the straight angles to be withstanding.

When the bracket is welded, in it with the help of roller and shag, we make a central hole and holes for fastening the bracket to the machine caliper, with the help of standard studs and nuts M8. To center the bracket on the caliper, the guide washer 4 serves as welded to the bottom plate and is clearly visible on the upper drawing.

Thanks to semicircular grooves in the front wall of 1 of the bracket, which are made by 30º in each direction, it will be possible to scroll into the vertical plane, the fastened carriage and the part on the same 30º in different directions, which extends the frequency processing capabilities at different angles.

And thanks to full-time grooves in the caliper, the entire console can be deployed in the horizontal plane using a regular scale in degrees on the caliper. In general, scrolling and clamping the processed part can be in both planes, and move when processing, too, both in the vertical and horizontal plane.

The cutter for processing the details is fixed in the regular cartridge of the lathe, and if the cutter has a conical shank corresponding to the Morse cone in the spindle of your machine, you can remove the cartridge and secure the mill directly in the machine spindle.

And to make accurate tracking of the movement of the cutter, it will not hurt to make the tablet drawing holder 7, which will slide the following pointer 8, fixed on the machine caliper and which is shown in the figure.

Manufacturing such a not complex device, you will significantly expand the functionality of your lathe.

Milling prefix for processing rounder (cylindrical blanks).

Well, if you need to make a square, or a hexagon, well, or some shaft cut a key groove, then for these operations it is possible to make a simpler milling bag, based on turning cartridge and some kind of iron. As I made it from the garage trash and how she works will be able to see in a video just below, or I have a Suvorov-Custom on Yatuba Channel. All pleasant viewing.

Device for smooth displacement of the backstone.

This is not a complex device makes it possible to move the backstone smoothly and with minimal cost. And it will take such a device for example for drilling very deep holes, because the movement of pinley on small machines is only 50 - 60 mm. And if the lathe is large enough, then the heavy backstone can be moved without spending effort.

To begin with, a pair of holes drill on the side of the back of the grandmother and cut into them with a treadmill M 10 or M12. Next, in the help of these holes to the plate of the backstone, the homemade corner bracket 1 (see figure) in which rollers 4 and 5 are rotated on the roller 4, the lead gear wheel 3 and the drive handle 2 are rotated.

And on the roller 5, the slave gear wheels 6 and the wheel 7 of a smaller diameter, which runs through the standard gear rail of the machine, and thereby leads to the back of the machine. If you wish, you can still make a small casing from tin or sheet plastic, which will close the gears from dust, which are desirable to lubricate.

Fixture for fixing dried on the machine caliper .

This fixture for the lathe will also be useful if it is required to drill a sufficiently deep holes with long coarse. In addition, it will allow pretty quickly periodically removing the drill from the hole, to remove chips and lubricating the drill.

After all, the speed of moving the back of the backstone is very small, and the speed of the longitudinal movement (mechanical feed) of the caliper is significantly higher. And this device will improve the performance of work on the drilling of parts, especially if there are many of them, and if the depth of the holes is significant.

The base of the device is a drill holder 1 (see Figure), which is fixed in the cutting machine. The holder has a tapered hole for fixing the conical shank of drilling cartridge or drill with a conical shank.

Of course, the axis of the tapered hole holder for the drill (or cartridge) must match the axis of the spindle of the front grandmother of the lathe. It should be considered when fixing the drill holder into the cutting machine. Since with the slightest inconsistency, it is possible to reduce the quality of drilling, breaking the walls of the hole and even breakage of the drill.

The feed when drilling holes in the details is carried out by the longitudinal movement of the caliper sled. And the advantage of this device, as mentioned above is a higher speed of moving the cutting tool, especially when you have to drill deep holes and you have often to remove the drill to remove shavings.

In the manufacture of such a holder of the drill, it is not necessary to make its body with cylindrical as in the figure, you can make the body and in the form of bar and it is much easier to make it on the milling machine. But it is possible to make a cylindrical body on the lathe, and then welcome the plate to it, a thickness of 10 - 15 mm, for which the device will be clamped into the lathe cutter.

Plashholder improved design .

When cutting the threads with dies that are installed in conventional plastics holders, the chopped thread often turns poor quality due to the skew of the cutting tool. To avoid this, it is necessary to first cut the threads to always sign the usual plash-holder Pinol's backstone.

However, it is much faster and more convenient to operate when cutting a thread with an improved plasterker, which can be made independently on the same turning machine. The figure below shows one of the designs of such a plasterker.

An mandrel 1 in its cone shank is inserted into the tapered hole of the back of the backstone. On the mandrel free (but with a minimum gap), a glass 2 was notated and a replaceable sleeve 4, in which the cutle was fixed with the screw. The rear grandmother with the tool is supplied to the rotating billet. Next, the movement of the tool is carried out by moving the pin.

When contacting a glass of a glass 2 is held from rotation for the handle 3, on which, by the way, you can put on the tube and rubbing it into the window of the machine. A glass of 2 moves freely on mandrel 1 while cutting threads. At the end of the thread cutting, the rotation of the spindle of the machine switches the reverse and the tool leaves from the part.

Who the machine does not have small revolutions, it is best to cut the thread rotating the machine's spindle manually, for the cartridge or with the help of a special handle that is inserted from the opposite side.

Device for an inademic drilling and thread cutting .

A fixture for a lathe, which allows you to simultaneously drill a hole and cut out the outdoor thread in one tool setting is shown in the figure just below.

The mandrel 4 of this device is also inserted into the pinol of the back of the lathe of the lathe. In the front of the mandrel, a slot is made to fix the drill. And the outer moving mandrel 2 is put on the mandrel 4 and moves along it in the axial direction. From the grill it holds the key 3.

In the front of the outer mandal there is a hole for a shift sleeve with a shuffle and there is a screw 1 fixing them. After the inner mandrel is inserted into the pinol of the backstone, the ring 5 with a handle 6, the outer mandrel 2 and insert the drill and a dust.

At the end of the drilling, without outputting the drill from the hole, we switch the spindle speed numbers by the number that corresponds to cutting the thread. The outer mandrel is supplied by hand to the right left. At the same time, the thread is obtained correct and concentric with respect to the drilled hole. At the end of the thread cutting and when the rotation direction of the machine spindle is changed, the outer mandrel moves the opposite from left to right.

Another simplest, but useful homemade adapter adaptation is described here in and it will help to fix a thicker cutter, which does not climb into a regular lathe cutter.

Well, in conclusion about homemade fixtures for turning machines, I publish a little lower than one more video from my SUVOROV-Custom channel, in which I show another simplest, but a very useful device, with which you can very quickly centen the workpiece and continually hold it Exactly in the cartridge of the lathe.

Factory devices for lathes.

Factory devices are quite a lot, but I will describe the most common and useful.

Universal cone ruler .

It serves to process the conical surfaces on the lathe. The ruler is installed parallel to the conic surface, and the upper part of the lathe caliper unfolds 90 degrees.

The reference angle of rotation of the conical line is made by divisions (millimeter or angular) applied on the scale. The angle of rotation of the line should be equal to the corner of the cone slope.

And if the scale of the ruler has no degree divisions, but millimeters, then the magnitude of the line of the line is determined by one of the formulas published below:

Where h is the number of millimeter divisions of the conical line scale,

a n is the distance from the axis of rotation of the line to its end, on which nonsense scale. The letter D is the largest diameter of the cone, the letter D is the smallest diameter of the cone, the letter L is the length of the cone, the letter α is the angle of the cone slope, and the letter R is a taper.

Still and movable lines .

Designed for the processing of unwanted (thin) shafts. The fixed lunetic, shown in the figure, consists of a cast-iron housing 1, with which, with a bolt 4, a folding cover 6 is fastened, which facilitates the installation of the part. The base of the lunicit case has a shape corresponding to the guide of the beds, on which it is fixed by the bar 2 and the bolt 3.

In the housing, with the help of adjusting bolts 9, two cams are moved 8, and in the lid - one cam 7. To fasten the cams in the desired position, screws are used 5. Such a device allows you to install the shafts of various diameters.

But much more efficiently an upgraded lunet (cm. Figure below), in which the lower rigid fists are replaced with ball bearings 8. They are adjusted to the diameter of the treated surface using the test shaft, located in the center, or by the part.

After that, they lower the luna cover 2 and, adjusting the nut 4 position of the rod 5, set the lid so that the gap between the base of the lunicit and the lid is 3-5 mm. This position of the rod 5 is fixed with locknut 3.

Then, with the help of eccentric 1, the cover is pressed to the base of the lunicit, while under the action of the spring 6 the upper ball bearings 7 with force pressed the processed part. The partition of the parts is not perceived by ball bearings, and the spring 6, which serves as a shock absorber.

Movable lines. Unlike fixed luinels, which are fixed on control machines, there are still movable lines (see Figure below), which are fixed on the caliper carriage.

Since the movable lunet is fixed on the caliper carriage, it moves along with it along the dischargeable part, following the cutter. Thus, it supports the item directly at the place of the application of the effort and protects it from the deflection.

Movable lunetic applied with pistoling of long details. It has two or three couch. They are put forward and fixed the same as the cams of a fixed lunic.

So that the friction is not too big, the cams should be lubricated well. To reduce friction, the tips of the cams make cast-iron, bronze or brass. And even better, instead of cams, use rollers from bearings.

And in conclusion, those who wish can look in the video, just below, as I saved from the metal metal with a high accuracy machine 16b05a.

And just below, I published a video about the homemade division device for my TV 4 lathe, which I made in just a couple of hours.

Well, even lower, it is shown and told about the restoration of my TV - 4.

That's it seems to be all. Of course, not all devices for lathers were published here, but if at least the adaptation published in this workshop appears, the possibilities of your workshop will significantly expand, creative success to everyone.

The question of how to chop the thread by the tumbler, occurs in cases where the previously performed hole must be prepared for placing a bolt, screw, studs and a threaded fastening element of any other type. It is the tap in such situations that is the main tool that allows you to quickly and precisely cut into the inner thread with the required geometric parameters.

Varieties and scope of tip

Cutting internal thread can be performed manually or using machine tools of various types (drilling, turning, etc.). Working instruments that perform the main work on cutting the inner thread are machine-manual or machine taps.

On various types, the taps are divided depending on the range of parameters. The following principles of the classification of taps are considered generally accepted.

1. According to the method of bringing the rotation, machine-manual and machine testers distinguish with which the internal thread is cut. Machine and manual taps equipped with a square shank are used complete with a special device with two handles (this is the so-called knob, holder of taps). With this device, the tap is driven and cuts the thread. Thread cutting with a machine-type tank is carried out on metal-cutting machines of various types, in the patron of which such a tool is fixed.
2. By the way the inner thread is cut, distinguished the universal (passing) and complete taps. The working part of the first is divided into several sections, each of which differs from the rest with its geometric parameters. The site of the working part, which first begins to interact with the treated surface, performs draft processing, the second is intermediate, and the third, located closer to the shank, is the finite. For cutting threads with complete ties, the use of multiple tools is required. So, if the kit consists of three testers, then the first one is designed to perform draft processing, the second - for the intermediate, the third - for the finish. As a rule, a set of taps for cutting a thread of a certain diameter includes three tools, but in some cases, products made from particularly solid material are subjected to processing, sets consisting of five tools can be used.
3. By type of hole, on the inner surface of which it is necessary to cut the thread on the inner surface, distinguish taps for through and deaf holes. The tool for processing through holes is characterized by an elongated tapered tip (approach), which smoothly goes into the work part. Such a design most often have a versatile tagged type. The process of cutting the internal thread in the deaf holes is carried out by tolls, the tape of which is cut and performs the function of the simplest cutter. This design of the tester allows you to cut the thread with the entire depth of the deaf hole. To cut the thread of this type, as a rule, a set of testers leading to rotation manually is used, with a voice.
4. According to the working part design, the testers can be with straight, screw or shortened chipper grooves. It should be borne in mind that using taps with grooves of various types can be used to cut the threads in products from relatively soft materials - carbon, low-alloy steel alloys, etc. If the thread must be cut into parts made of very solid or viscous materials (stainless steel, heat-resistant Steel, etc.), then for these purposes, taps are used, the cutting elements of which are located in a checker order.

Tags, as a rule, are used to cut the metric thread, but there are tools with which the pipe and inch internal threads are cut. In addition, taps differ and in the form of their working surface, which can be cylindrical or conical.

Preparation for cutting internal thread

In order for the process of cutting the inner thread with the help of the tap, did not cause special difficulties and ended with a qualitative result, it is necessary to properly prepare for this technological operation. All methods of cutting the threads using a tap assume that a hole with an appropriate diameter has already been performed in the processed part. If the inner thread that needs to be chopped has a standard size, then a special table with GOST data can be used to determine the diameter of the preparatory opening.

Table 1. Diameters of holes drilled under standard metric thread

In the event that the thread that needs to be chopped does not apply to the standard category, calculate the diameter of the hole for its execution by the universal formula. First of all, it is necessary to study the marking of the tap, in which the type of thread cut is mandatory, its diameter and step measured in millimeters (for metric). Then, to determine the size of the cross section of the hole, which must be drilled for the thread, is sufficient from its diameter to subtract a step. For example, if a tool with marking M6X0.75 will be used to cut the non-standard internal thread, the diameter of the preparatory opening is calculated as follows: 6 - 0.75 \u003d 5.25 mm.

For standard threads related to category inch, there is also a table that allows you to choose the correct drill with which the preparatory work is performed.

Table 2. Diameters of holes drilled under inch thread

It is important for obtaining a qualitative result is not only about what the thread is cut, but also on what drill to perform a preparatory hole. Choosing a drill, you need to pay attention to the parameters and the quality of its sharpening, as well as that it rotates in the cartridge of the equipment used without beating.

The sharpening angle of the cutting part is selected depending on how hardness is the material that needs to be drilled. The higher the hardness of the material, the greater the angle of sharpening the drill, but this value should not exceed 140 °.

How to chop thread correctly? First you need to choose tools and consumables:

1. electric drill or drilling machine capable of working on low revs;
2. drill, the diameter of which is calculated or selected by reference tables;
3. drill or zenkovka, with which the headset will be removed from the edge of the prepared hole;
4. a set of proper size testers;
5. handmade holder for taps (knot);
6. merchant vise (if the product in which you need to cut the thread must be fixed);
7. kern;
8. a hammer;
9. machine oil or other composition that during the processing process must be lubricated both by the tap, and the threading section is cut;
10. rag.

Features of technology

When cutting the inner thread, the toll is guided by the following algorithm.

• In that place on the surface of the workpiece, where the thread cutting hole will be drilled, it is necessary to form a recess for a more accurate drill intake using a core and a normal hammer. The drill is fixed in the cartridge of the electric drill or a boring machine, which is set to low tool rotation speed. Before the start of drilling, the cutting part of the drill must be treated with a lubricating composition: the lubricated tool is easier to enter the structure of the material being processed and creates less friction in the processing zone. You can lubricate the drill with a piece of ordinary swine or solidol, and when processing viscous materials, machine oil is used for these purposes.
• If you need to cut the thread in small details, they should be pre-fixed using plots for this. Starting drilling, tool fixed in the hardware cartridge, it is necessary to position strictly perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. It is necessary to regularly lubricate the tap and ensure that it does not flip and moved strictly in the specified direction.
• At the entrance to the performed hole, as mentioned above, it is necessary to remove the face, the depth of which should be 0.5-1 mm (depending on the diameter of the hole). For this purpose, you can use the drill of a larger diameter or zenkovka, setting them in the cartridge of drilling equipment.
• The process of cutting internal thread begins with a tester No. 1, which is the first to be installed in the gorog. We should not forget about the lubricant, which must be applied to the tap for cutting the thread. The position of the tap relative to the workpiece should be set at the very beginning of work, as then when the tool is already inside the hole, it will not work. Cutting the thread by the tumbler, you need to follow the following rule: 2 tap turnover is made along the cutting of the thread, 1 - against the stroke. When a tank is made by one turn back, the chips are reset from its cutting part and the load on it decreases. Cutting the thread is performed by a similar method.
• Cutting the thread by the tank number 1, the instrument number 2 is installed in the gorog, and after it is No. 3. Processing them is performed by the method described above. When cutting the threads by ties and dies, it is necessary to feel when the tool begins to rotate with the effort. As soon as this moment comes, you should check the knob in the opposite direction to reset the chips from the cutting part of the tool.