Perhaps there is no such owner of a private house that would not want to know how to make steps to the porch with your own hands. The development of technologies and wide access to building materials and tools, with the right approach, will allow anyone who wants to make its idea in solving this problem.

Consider what materials are used for this purpose, which types of steps are and how to quickly and profitably build on their own, provided that the porch itself has already been manufactured.

According to the appearance and functionality of the stage, they are characterized by at least four parameters - structural features, shape of section, dimensions and type of material.

Section shape:

The form	Properties
Wedge-shaped	The cross section profile of such steps has a triangle type. In appearance, the vertical plane is beveled at an angle.
Slab	The design of the steps does not provide for facing the risers. The latter may not be absent.
Block	Steps do not come into contact with each other. At the same time, the upper cladding hangs over the bottom to several millimeters.
Corner	The cross section of the steps is enclosed in an angle form. Steps can be in a standing or hanging position.

Design type:

View	Characteristics
Open	This type of steps has no risers. This gives the porch look of lightness and airiness.
Closed	The design of the steps includes risers. The design of the staircase is obtained closed, which gives the construction type of monolith.
Straight	The simplest steps of standard ordinary form
Running	These are the so-called swivel shape of the model with an expanding staircase and tapering to another sprinkle area.
Radial	These are steps made in the form of a part of a circle, in shape resembling a piece of pyramid design - with a gradual reduction in the area of \u200b\u200bsteps from the bottom to the top.

Material:

Material	Properties
Wood	Steps can be made from boards, bars cut on in half logs. Advantages: Easy processing; Naturalness of the form; Environmental friendliness; Rapid manufacture; Easy processing; When preserving a natural type, wood does not require trim. Disadvantages: Fire hazard; Rapid destruction of dampness and biological factors; Regular application of protection on the surface is required.
Metal	Metal stairs for the porch are perfectly durable and have a large number of variations in decorative design due to artistic forging. However, they have obvious disadvantages: Heavy processing - requires skill and skill to work with metal structures (welding, cutting); High price for starting materials; Corrosion exposure.
Concrete	Steps are cast from concrete into a prepared formwork. Although they can be manufactured from pre-cast concrete blocks. Advantages: High strength; Durability; Construction monolithic. Disadvantages: Preparation of a good foundation is required, as the design is highly weight; Long and time-consuming manufacturing process. We need to wait when concrete will acquire sufficient strength.
Brick	Brick - excellent material for creating steps for the porch. His advantages: The brick unit is easy enough and has a small size - on its basis, you can create a design of any form; Durability and durability. Disadvantages: Massive brick design requires the preparation of a good foundation; Requires finish.
Combined	All possible combinations of species considered materials can be used here. It all depends on the idea and ideas of the project designer.

Data on the calculation of steps

To make the steps on the porch with their own hands, it is not enough to determine their shape, design, type of material, you also need to calculate the following parameters in full accordance with the porch:

• The depth of sticking is the most important parameter in the design of the stairs. From this value will depend not only by the comfort of its operation, but also the safety of those who will walk on it. Usually this indicator is 250-330 mm.
• The height of the riser. Another important parameter. Its a small meaning will create a need for the manufacture of a large number of steps, increasing the consumption of materials and the complexity of manufacturing design.

The overestimated risers will make a walk on the stairs extremely uncomfortable. The optimal height should vary in the range of 150-200 mm.

• To build the feet of the porch with your own hands, you need to know which march width should be. So, for the passage of one person, it is enough to make a ladder with a width of 80-90 cm. However, if there will be a coming and coming person on the stairs regularly, it will be problematic. Therefore, it is better to increase the march width to 120-150 cm.
• The angle of inclination of the staircase for the porch should be so that it is quite comfortable to come to it, without keeping the handrail. The maximum is the angle of 45 degrees, and the optimal - 25-30 degrees.

Make the steps with your own hands

So, consider briefly, how to make steps for the porch, using one or another building material, and what is the features of construction technology in each particular case.

Wooden

Make wooden steps for the porch with their own hands can almost everyone who has at least the slightest construction skill, and even moreover, who himself built a house and a porch to him. The design of the ladder is based on boosters or theetics.

The technology of manufacturing a wooden staircase is as follows:

1. All the details of the stairs are prepared separately: Kosomes / Taits, sticking (or themselves) and risers, if they are in the design, in full compliance with the selected parameters.
2. The foundation for the support of the stairs is manufactured. For a light wooden staircase, it is enough to make a shallow column foundation - 20 -30 cm deep into depth, 10 cm above the ground level and 20-30 cm in width. It can be either pouring out of concrete, or lay out from the construction brick on the solution.
3. After the foundation is formed, you can install the boosters or the latter reasons for the foundation, and the top - on the supporting beam of the porch pad. The top of the stairs should be securely secured. In this case, the beams can be knitting on the nails, fasten to the self-tapping screw or (more reliable) to metal corners.
4. Next, the steps and risers are mounted on the self-tapping screw or nails.

Steps for the porch are ready. It remains to be processed by protective equipment, perform a decorative finish (paint), and you can easily use them.

Metal

The question of how to make steps to the porch of metal can only be considered to those who either have the skill of creating metal structures, or he has a reliable assistant in this matter.

The easiest way to make such steps is to create a welded design. This also gives strength and monolithity of all connections, as well as provides a long service life.

Its manufacturing consists of the following steps:

• Competently selected material for the design of the staircase in accordance with the specified parameters. The larger the staircase and wider march, the larger the cross section there should be a rental - corners, chawllars for kosomers and other elements.
• The foundation is created. Since the metal design is not very severe, the foundation base for it can be prepared on the same principle as for the wooden, described above.
• When the boosters / thestrues are fixed and elements under step to it are welded, you can breed and corners for the steps themselves.
• Mounted steps themselves. They can be made of leaf, adhesive and any other suitable material.
• Railing railing and other decorative elements that were selected by the idea of \u200b\u200bthe designer.

Note! The choice as the main material of the metal allows you to make steps for the porch, so and make it right decorative design, for example, using elements of artistic forging.

When the design of the metal staircase is completed, it is necessary to process it with an anti-corrosion agent and paint.

Concrete

If it comes to the manufacture of stages for concrete-based porch, the question of choice arises - from which to make the steps for the porch - from the finished blocks or by pouring the concrete form?

The first option (from blocks) is characterized by the speed of assembly, the second (by filling) allows you to create a monolithic durable structure. The principal differences between these options is not observed, so the choice remains for the owner.

However, in the case of the production of steps by filling the foundation and the porch itself can be made in a single monolithic structure.

For this you need:

• Prepare a formwork on all the rules of the fill of the monolithic reinforced foundation. The porch for the private house is small, so the depth of the pit in the ground may be small (to solid soil rocks - 40-50 cm).
• In principle, the porch can be poured into parts. First, the part is poured to the ground level, then the first part of the formwork for the first stage is quickly mounted and poured when the underground part of the concrete has already hardened.
• For the same principle, the fill of each subsequent stage is performed. This method is especially convenient for concrete stairs uneven design - radial and running.
• The finishing of the staircase begins not earlier than the complete power of the concrete will be completed, that is, after 28 days.

Brick

Very often, developers in private house-building the question arises - from which it is better to make a step for a porch - brick or concrete? Concrete construction technology is quite complex and requires a certain experience and skill.

From the brick build much easier. In addition, brick allows you to create complex staircases. If you compare concrete and brick, on the need for finishing finish, then concrete structures lose. Brick with a neat masonry can quite do without finishing than a concrete structure cannot distinguish.

The technology of creating a staircase for a brick porch is quite simple:

• First you need to prepare a solid foundation. To do this, you need to dig a hole on the dimensions of the entire perimeter of the stairs. Foundation parameters are determined by the conditions.

If the soil is dry, smooth and durable, the base for the staircase can serve a finely blurred reinforced monolithic concrete plate. At the same time, its depth - 30-40 cm, height above the ground - 10-20 cm.

• When the foundation hardens, you can start laying steps in full compliance with construction technologies.
• Upon completion of the masonry, the design can be finished immediately - to primrate, paint, bleve, plastering, etc.

How to choose steps

How to make a porch with steps to make it perfectly harmonized with the house? For this purpose, the parameters of the choice of materials for the house, the porch and its steps must coincide.

If there is no such compliance, then it is necessary that at least harmonized the finish of these elements and the overall construction of the house. Photo and video in this article shows how to better make steps on the porch, as a result, get the perfect architectural composition.

Steps are an element of a staircase march. The upper horizontal part of the stage is disposal, designed to be supported. Depending on the purpose, location and configuration of the stairs, the steps may have a different form. The stages for the porch are most often made of concrete, and then lined with various decorative materials to give them aesthetic species. This has its own plus, as the staircase can be given any kind.

Calculation of steps and input stairs

Convenience when using steps is determined by their depth, length and height, as well as cladding material. From what and how to make steps, you need to decide at the initial stage of construction and. The finished set of steps for the porch consists of the following parts: plinth, risers and disposal. Make them or mortise, or saddle. Curls are mounted in the theater, the saddle - on it from above. They can be made of wood, concrete, iron or brick.

The staircase, depending on the height and length, can have a different amount of coming. In order for the porch convenient to operate, it is necessary to correctly carry out calculations.

To carry out the calculations of the input staircase for the porch, it is necessary to determine its height. The height will be the distance from the ground surface to the lower edge of the door. From the resulting height, 3 cm is taken. This is important if the entrance door into the house is made of wood, because It is most susceptible to the effects of atmospheric precipitation and with high humidity can be slightly increased in size.

Important!After calculating the height of the porch, it is necessary to determine the angle of inclination of the march. The safety of the design is associated with an angle of inclination, which is defined as the ratio of height and depth of the stage. The safe angle of inclination of the staircase is in the range from 30 to 45 degrees.

By choosing an inclination angle, you can calculate the entire design. Mandatory is the calculation of the width and height of the steps of the porch. The height of the stage consists of sums: the height of the riser and thickness of the boards. The practice is proved that stairs are convenient to operate, which have risers with a height of 14 to 17 cm and sticking out with a depth of 27 to 35 cm. The number of coming out is calculated by dividing the length of the staircase march to the height of the risk.

Calculation of a staircase march:

Width of stair march

The width of the staircase in a private house is determined by the number of people who can go through it simultaneously in different directions. For the movement of one person, a design with a width of 80 to 100 cm width is made. If the stairs are expected to move in two directions or carrying things, then the width of the staircase increases to 110-120 cm.

Shapes Stepes

One of the main criteria for which you need to pay attention to the design of a staircase march is the form of steps.

Steps for staircase marches can be:

• straight with ordinary rectangular coming. They can be mounted in various ways. This species is most simple in manufacturing;
• round. Their distinctive feature is the radial focus. Sometimes used as the first step and when equipped the inlet porch in the house;
• semicircular. Most often installed on the stairs located in the corner of the building or room. They can also be manufactured in the construction of the entrance porch to the house;
• trapezoidal. The sides of such a step have different depths, resulting in a trapezoid form. They are used in the construction of screw stairs and rotary staircases with running steps.

Before making steps with your own hands, it is worth determining the material. It can be wooden stages of boards or bricks. No worse than the stages of concrete or metal have proven.

How to make a porch with wood steps

The risers and adoptions are connected by several options:

• self-tapping when the mount goes through coming in the risers;
• in the groove that is cut in advance at the bottom of the sharpening over the width of the riser;
• on galvanized corners.

The appeal among the outer stairs is more often attached to the theater, very rarely on the booms. On the theater, the fastening of coming is made either on pre-nailed bars or in the prepared grooves, a depth of 3-4 cm. If the installation is carried out in the grooves, in the place of attachment of the boards is treated with glue. On bars it is better to fix with self-draws.

The peculiarity of the manufacture is that the exterior structures made of wood cannot be installed directly on the ground. In this case, it is necessary to conclude the foundation.

For this you need:

• at the site of the foundation, to open the pit, the size of 30x30 cm and a depth of up to 50 cm;
• fall asleep to 20 cm layer of rubble or broken brick;
• on the rubble layer, put the bounds of the rod from metal, which should be from the pit walls at a distance of 7 cm;
• fill the pit with a solution of concrete. The fence is done for each angle. From above with anchors, a bar is mounted, which will serve as the basis for the entire design.

Production of marches from concrete and brick

The main advantage of the concrete staircase is that it is not afraid of corrosion, both metal, and is not amenable to deformation. Concrete stairs can easily give the desired configuration and secure any coating on it.

The concrete staircase is filled with a solution, the composition of which includes cement, rubbank and sand. On one cubic meter of the solution, 1 m3 of sand is needed, 0.85 m3sels, 350 kg of cement. To know the amount of concrete, it is necessary to calculate the entire cube of the stairs, including the foundation. The procedure for preparing the foundation with their own hands has already been described above.

After preparing the foundation, we carry out the installation of the porch with your own hands. For this we carry out reinforcement and installation of formwork. At the bottom of the bottom of the rod from the metal and set the formwork in the height and form of steps. Pour the solution and give it to frozen. This process will be performed until the required number of steps will be installed. A flooded solution freezes about two days, but it is recommended to remove the formwork not earlier than in two weeks. After the solution types strength, the tile can be laid on it.

The steps of the brick are beneficial to the fact that they do not give a precipitate. Knowing the sizes of bricks, it is easy to calculate the entrance staircase into the house. Cuts from brick are easy to handle, easy to maintain and operate, durable.

Porch concreting with your own hands:

Design steps

Before making the porch, you need to decide from what material the steps will be made. Wooden simple in the installation, but require a certain care. Making steps with their own hands occurs in several stages. First you need to choose high-quality wood without spikes, deformations and irregularities. Before working with wood, it is dried by a natural way, then treated with a mourn for giving her deeper color.

Important!Wood moisture should not exceed 10%. With a moisture of a tree, it makes no sense for more than 10%, since the stringent, the tree will be deformed.

To make steps in the house with your own hands, use both simple varieties of wood (pine, birch, ash) and more expensive (oak, cedar, maple).

Wooden sticky are mounted not only on a wooden tutor. They are often used when weaving stairs from metal. The porch made of metal, made with their own hands, is a frame from the corner. Fix sticking on a metal design simply. In the frame and disposal, it is necessary to drill holes and attach the sticking with the bolts with nuts to the metal frame.

To finish the ladder from concrete or bricks use marble or granite. Very often give preference to clinker steps and. Products made of porcelain stoneware are pressed under high pressure monolith, created during sintering sand, quartz, mineral paints and clay.

Steps made of porcelain possesses the qualities of natural granite, withstand significant loads and resistant to mechanical damage. Firing from porcelain stoneware in rainy weather or in winter can be slippery. To avoid sliding, they are covered with a special anti-slip coating or ribbon.

The clinker tile is a finishing material consisting of natural materials, in particular from an environmentally friendly clay of high quality, which is subsequently burned. The clinker tile has qualities similar to the quality of porcelain stoneware. It has a natural coating and is not subject to mechanical damage.

Customers often choose a finish from porcelain stoneware. Facing the steps with your own hands at the entrance to the house tiled from the porcelain stoneware is most popular. The only drawback of porcelain is the complexity of laying. If you damage one tile, it will entail the replacement of neighboring.

Facing the stairs staircase tiled:

Comments 0

Most country private houses have a base. In this case, the device has a porch with steps. Stylish and original porch - business card of any building.

At the same time, the steps to the house must be convenient for movement, safe, do not spoil the look of the whole building. The design is selected not only functional, but also fit into a common exterior of the structure. The article will prompt the most acceptable options for the steps for the porch.

How convenient will your porch be operated, depends on the correctness of the production of steps.

When creating them are taken into account:

• Height of the base part of the building;
• Width of the doorway;
• The desired steepness of the lifting;
• Material for manufacture to provide surfaces anti-slip properties and give sufficient resistance to abrasion.

According to the method of docking steps among themselves, they can have a rectangular or rolic-shaped connection, with an opponent or without it. Connection methods can be seen in the photo.

The most popular form of steps for the porch is rectangular, but if the project provides a screw construction, the elements may be in the form of a trapezium.

The classification of structures in a section is presented in the table:

Song step	Features
	In this case, the facing hangs, but does not lie above the bottom step. The separation of them from each other is performed with a dissolved seam.
	Such steps have a beep along the vertical plane and prevent the slip of the fold, the depth of which is 30 mm.
	At the same time there is no risers or it is not lined.
	In cross section, elements have an angle. They are installed on the porch in hanging, and in a standing position.

The simplest is rectangular standing or slab steps.

Materials for manufacture

Ladders for home and steps can be constructed from various materials. The main ones, for the construction of the outer porches, are presented in the table:

Material Stepes	Features
	To emphasize the environmental purity of a wooden house, keep special energy in it, constructed. The main advantages of the steps: Heat; Presentable appearance; The different price of the material allows you to choose an option for your wallet: prestigious and more expensive - beech or oak, cheaper - needles. But the porch of the tree is vulnerable from temperature drops, precipitation. Because of this, before using the design, all surfaces must be previously treated with a special protective impregnation, and varnished are covered.
	Durable monolithic design is a construction. In their manufacture, the concrete solution is poured into a specially constructed formwork.
	More durable -. Their advantages: Do not deform; Withstand significant loads; Can be mounted without a foundation device; May have a different form. Lack of metal steps: Exposed to rust that requires performing surface treatment with a special anti-corrosion composition, and periodically tint; The cost is higher than wooden; It is necessary to have the skills of the welder.
	These are reliable and sustainable structures. Brick - Durable, well-carrying environmental impact material. According to the cost a bit above the tree, requires more time on the construction of the porch. For the construction of steps it is worth using clinker bricks that have a more presentable view.
	Material that can replace the tree when erected. Product advantages: They do not crack; Do not absorb moisture; They do not need additional processing, painting; The material does not slide.

Select sizes

Steps are the elements of the march staircase. Their upper horizontal part is disposal, serves to support her legs. The design destination, its location and configuration determines the shape of the steps.

Often they are made of concrete, which is then facing various decorative materials to give an aesthetic look. After making a decision, make a plan for the porch, you need to make a plan or develop a project for consistent implementation of all stages of construction structures.

At this stage:

• The sizes of the porch are determined;
• Number of steps;
• Constructive features of the structure;
• Drawings are being developed or, as an alternative - the sketch is drawn up in a special design program in 3D.

Wooden porch is the most common solution for a country house. It is inexpensive, it is built quickly, and even a novice master will be able to work with a tree. Although the design seems fairly simple, you need to know how to make wooden steps for the porch. There are a lot of technical subtleties that need to be taken into account during design and construction work.

What makes up and how the step is calculated

The porch is necessary to any wooden house: because of the high base the door is located high enough from the ground, and it will be inconvenient to enter the house. It will take a porch at least with two steps, and the exact amount and dimensions depend on the specific features of the house.

Steps for the porch with their own hands from the tree consist of a sticking (horizontal part) and the riser (vertical part). They are built on the basis of the following parameters:

• The height of the stage is the size of the riser. Normally, it will be from 16 to 21 cm: the sharp staircase will be uncomfortable for the lifting.
• The depth of steps. This is a width of the sticking, to which it should be convenient to occur. The depth of the stage should be at least 27 cm, the optimal size is 32 cm.
• Width of a staircase march. For one person, you need at least 90 cm wide, and on such a staircase two will be difficult to disperse.

A wider flight march (125-150 cm) is suitable for a large family so that there are no collisions on the stairs. Wider spans do in public institutions that many people are constantly visiting.

• The angle of inclination of the porch. Normal is the angle starting from 27 degrees. The staircase into the house will be a common one, and even a small child or an elderly man will easily rise. Ladder marches with a slope more than 45 degrees can only be appropriate, such structures are usually used for attic and attic.

The pioneer of the porch should be located several centimeters below the front door, especially if the house has just been built. During the shrinkage, the overall height of the house can decrease, then the door when opening will touch the surface of the porch.

What material is better to do steps

Choosing how to make steps on the porch of the tree, it is worth paying attention to the wood of coniferous rocks. All are familiar with pine and spruce, and they are relatively inexpensive. However, a cedar or larch will be more expensive and more reliable - these varieties of wood do not rot and do not swell even with high humidity, so the porch built for a long time will not have to be repaired.

If you purchased a lumber of natural humidity, it needs to be carefully dried. The boards are dried in the stacks in a dry room with good ventilation, for this may require a lot of time. Wood dries over 3-4 months, all this time in the room should not be cold.

Sometimes it is more profitable not to wait, and immediately acquire a dried lumber, which has already been treated in special chambers. You can check the condition of the tree by chips: if the wood dried - the chips will break, and will not bend. To protect against rotting and fungus, the board should be treated with an antiseptic - it is applied with a brush or roller, you can also dip the boards into the solution.

Before construction, you need to prepare the following tools: Electrolake for cutting boards, grinding machine and circular saw. In addition, a pencil and a ruler will be required for the manufacture of a template.

The thickness of the boards for steps is 3-4 cm. The template is applied to the tree and will be burned, after which the electrolake of one size is cut out of the board.

Cut stages are preferably handled. Most of all, parquet varnish is suitable for this: it will reliably protect the wood. It is applied in several layers, and each new layer should be started only after drying the previous one.

How to make a wooden staircase

The installation site can be not only 4 coal, although this is the most common solution. You can make a porch round, 6-coal or other form, in addition, it can be angular. All features of each model are reflected in the drawings, the master must clearly understand how the design will be arranged.

How to build steps to a wood porch? Work on the construction of the porch begins with concreting supports. The playground can rely on 2 or 4 posts depending on the size, in some cases it is based on the horizontal bar attached to the wall.

For a light porch, you can choose wooden supports from boards: they are one end fit into the pits, and the base is poured with concrete. Supports must also be soaked in advance by any antiseptic.

In addition, concrete "pyataks" should be located in those places where the guys or boosters will be relying on the ground. This will allow the staircase to withstand the weight of one or more people. When the base is ready, you can start assembling the system:

The assembly takes a little time, and very soon the staircase will rise to the reference site. You can check the reliability of the steps, after which it is necessary to go to the arrangement of the parapet and the visor.

Construction of railing and visor for a wooden porch

Make wooden steps for the porch with their own hands will be easy, but the work on the construction of the stairs does not end. To make it convenient to use, you need to install a handrail railing, as well as take care of the Attachment of the visor.

Railing - fences for the porch, whose height is about 90 cm. For them, reference pillars are required from the bar, balusters (accusable columns) and the railing themselves.

The support pillars and balasins are attached with metal studs to steps, after which it is necessary to put balusters and close the finished railing with comfortable handrails. Although the home porch installation is optional, it is better to take care of its safety.

Rail elements can be ordered in a turning workshop in finished form. Independently manufacture beautiful balusters is problematic, so it's easier to purchase them to order in any workshop. The railing and all the staircase can be painted in any color, no wooden element should remain without protection.

Installation of a visor over a wooden porch

Visor to deliver will also be easy. It can be very small to just close the steps, and you can build a spacious collapsible canopy, which can be taken with you when traveling to nature. Trumps can be drawn in the following ways:

The visor must be harmonized in color and shape with roofing houses so that the architectural composition is united. It can be a single, bounce, tents, arched, etc., it all depends on the skill of the owner of the house.

Kosur differs from the instrument in that it is not located on the sides of the steps, but under them, so it is immeasured by side. It is similarly installed on the site and on the concrete pines, after which the steps and risers are attached to it.

Steps are installed on top to Kosur, for this it is attached to a special form resembling a saw. To attach steps and risters, you can use the screws that are closed with cork plugs from above.

If there are two kosomrov, they should be strictly the same, otherwise the steps will be eliminated. To achieve the desired form, the template taking into account the depth and height of the steps is first made. After that, the template is applied to the boards, and the necessary elements are cut out with an electroltrol bike.

The stairs on the platforms are in demand, as they look more easy and less bulky. It is possible to build them quickly, but they are no less long than the designs on the growths.

For a large porch, it is not wooden, but a metal settlement, but to make the steps for it from a tree. From the side of the staircase will look also, but it will be much stronger, albeit more severe.

Metal and concrete stairs with wooden steps

A tree is a warm and pleasant to the touch material, so it is used in the event that the base of the stairs is made of other materials. If a metal design is chosen for the house, boards can be laid on the framework of steps.

They can be painted in any color, and the staircase will look harmoniously. Especially beautiful wooden porch will look, if you combine metal railing with wrought-iron elements with wooden lacquered handrails.

If you think that only a professional can cope with this task, then deeply mistaken. After reading the technology of manufacturing, you can even in the absence of experience to make steps for stairs from a tree or any other material.

Design and shape options

Step - the main component of the staircase march. On the recommendation of specialists, the minimum permissible number of steps in the stairs - 3, and the maximum - 18. There are three main criteria that determine the type of steps.

At the location:

• Frierry - there are upper and lower. The first finishes the rise in the upper level, and the second - starts it on the bottom.
• Private - all other steps forming march.

Geometry:

• Direct - ordinary elements having an equal depth over the entire length. Of these consist of the prevailing number of marching stairs, it applies to direct lifts.
• Reliable - elements used in modeling rotary marches. They are used in screw facilities and have an unequal adoption depth: a narrower inner edge and wider on the opposite side.

Types of steps

Depending on the presence or absence of risers, the stairs happen:

• Open - have steps in which there is only a horizontal part or coming. The distance between the structural elements remains unfilled.
• Closed - have steps with risers.

In addition, elements of a staircase march differ from each other in shape:

1. Straight. They have a rectangle look. This species is not recommended for screw structures. Mounting such elements can be in any way.
2. Round are characterized by radial edges. They are used often for the design of the porch on the street and as the bottom of the lower stage when lifting.
3. Semicircular steps also apply at the entrance to the house from the street. On the one hand they have a semicircle, and on the other - a straight line.
4. Elements in the form of a trapezium form the design of screw stairs and turning models of stairs.

Steps are made from different materials: wood, concrete, metal, glass, brick, veneered plywood. According to experts, it is easiest to work with a tree: the workpieces are made easily and the tools for their manufacture are quite simple in circulation.

Wood types for steps

Reliability, aesthetic appearance and durability of elements directly depend on the characteristics of the material. The following requirements are presented to the tree:

• Structural homogeneity of wood fibers. There are no cracks, bundles, swirls and other defects on high-quality blanks.

Invalid raw materials defects

• Integrity. Before buying wood, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that there is no rot on the harvesting and traces of the treasures.
• Humidity within the normal range. This indicator should not exceed 12%. Otherwise, the board before use should be perfectly drying, avoiding direct sunlight on them.

Elements that will be subject to constant load are recommended to do from solid wood. If there is no such possibility, it is permissible to use glued bar.

For the manufacture of steps with their own hands, different woody breeds are suitable. But the most sought-after are:

• Pine. It is inexpensive and easy to process material. It is characterized by a low degree of hardness, so working with it, you can use the most conventional tools. In addition, Pine is always available: it is not particularly difficult to find lumber of the desired size and form. The disadvantage of pine articles is considered low wear resistance and the appearance of yellowness in the tree a few years after installation.
• Birch. Different with durability and a special texture pattern. Unlike pine, it is more difficult to process, but at the same time birch details will serve much longer. When using birch in construction, special complexity is the selection of billets. It is almost impossible to find the boards of large dimensions of homogeneous color and without defects. Therefore, experts recommend to accumulate composite design with veneer.
• Larch. The steps from this breed of wood are not deformed, do not sit down, are not rotated due to the high content of tannins. The main drawback is a high price.
• Beech. It is considered a more suitable material for stairs inside the house. The appearance of the blanks is beautiful color and texture. The main disadvantage of the tree is its instability to temperature fluctuations and humidity. Even impregnated with varnish beech blanks will change the form under the influence of natural factors.
• Ash. It has a high degree of hardness, so perfect for the production of steps. However, due to complex processing and bright texture, the material does not all have to taste.
• Oak. Wooden stairs for stairs from oak massif - the best choice. Such steps will serve not one decade. The only minus of this material is a high cost.

Calculation of staircases

Deciding with the material of the blanks, it is necessary to start calculations.

Geometric parameters of steps

In the manufacture of steps, template sizes are applied:

• The height of the stage is equal to the length of the risers and varies from 150 to 220 mm.
• The depth of the element is a segment from the outer edge of the sticking up to the riser. It should be such that the stop completely began to appeal. The minimum depth is 25 cm, the maximum is 40 cm.

It should be noted that the depth of the stage may be unequal along the entire length of the sticky. This is observed in spiral and rotary models. At the outer edge, it is greater than on the inside. The unchanged depth of sticking remains only in the center of the stage. However, with this disadvantage you can cope with two methods: use protruding steps or refuse risers.

• The width of the stage is the distance between the edges of the sticky. This indicator depends on the intensity of the movement. The standard value is from 900 to 1000 mm. If the movement is lively, then the stair march can be increased to 1.5 m.
• The thickness of the sticky is in terms of 1:20 in relation to the width of the stage. So, with a width of 900 mm, the thickness of the sticky will be 45 mm. It should be remembered that the minimum allowable sharp thickness value is 35 mm.
• The thickness of the risk varies from 1.8 to 2.5 cm.

Based on the data obtained, the angle of inclination of the structure and the number of steps is calculated.

Optimal slope stairs

The most convenient inclination of the staircase is recognized as a slope of 23 to 37 degrees. The construction area depends on the steepness of the structure. Naturally, the sharp designs require significantly less space than for gentle.

SELECTION OF ACCESS FOR STOCK

Stairs with a bias of 45 degrees are quite complex for lifting, and with a slope of less than 23 degrees, they are allowed to replace on the ramp.

Calculation of the number of steps in march

To get the exact number of steps in the stairs, the height of the floor is necessary to divide to the height of one step. The number of marches does not matter. It should also be noted that under the height of the floor it is understood as the gap from the floor coating to the floor on the second floor, taking into account the thickness of the coating.

Knowing the staircase and the height of the upper floor, the number of steps can also be defined using a graphical method. Then, using the security formula, find the width of the sticky.

Steps should be taken based on the security formula

Deciding with a scale, the ladder march is drawing on a millimeter. The errors that appeared as a result of roundings are distributed on the frieze stage of the lower tier. All remaining steps make the same size.

Calculation of the height of the approach

How to make steps from the tree do it yourself

Making steps for stairs from a tree requires the next set of tools:

• electric choke;
• a circular saw;
• grinding machine;
• mill for edge processing.

Prepare the desired patterns and transfer them to the workpiece. Then cut the sticking and risers. When performing this work, difficulties may appear only when cutting into the swivel steps due to their alternative form.

The obtained parts should be handled by protective tools and then proceed to the installation.

Installation of wooden stages

There are four types of fastenings of the steps of a wooden staircase:

Suppose you want to mount the elements to the Kosomes. Then coming and risers are connected in one way:

• screws;
• using the groove, which is cut into the sticking in the estimated place of docking with a riser;
• by installing auxiliary triangular rail, performing the role of the backup.

Fastening to Kosouro

Whatever ways to be chosen by you, to ensure greater strength, connectable parts are recommended to additionally glue.

In the case of mounting the staircases, they can be fixed using a bar, a metal corner or a groove.

The final stage after installing the steps is to finish the plinth.

Metal staircase with wooden steps

Wooden elements are attached to a metallic base with holes made at a distance of 150 mm. In this case, it is necessary to make an indentation from the edge of 20 mm.

Plywood substrate will eliminate errors that have arisen when welding metal elements

When welding metal components, errors could be made, which caused minor differences of height. In this case, to eliminate the irregularities, the substrate is glued to the frame. For this, a plywood is a thickness of 10 mm.

In order for the substrate to be securely fixed, the screws are additionally used. Installation foam is not suitable for these purposes. After the frozen, it will begin to crumble under the influence of the load, which will entail the loosening of the steps.

Appeal from the tree is pressed to plywood clamps and is attached to self-drawing. So that the staircase with the metal frame had an attractive view, the masters advise to make steps with protrusions. They will hide an ugly metallic frame.

Concrete staircase with wooden steps

Despite its strength, concrete structures cannot boast of beauty. Therefore, such designs are customary to laminate or decorate with wood. Wood cladding is expensive, but the result is excellent.

Before starting the installation of steps, you need to wait for a complete drying of the structure. Otherwise, the trim is likely to make a raw concrete moisture and deform in the future. Keep the staircase must not less than three weeks.

After complete drying of the concrete mix, you can start mounting

The success of the operation largely depends on how carefully the formwork is prepared. But even at best, skews and irregularities appear, which are easily eliminated by the screed. After its drying, the surface is cleaned and processed by the primer.

To complete the alignment of the concrete surface and the creation of a moisture-insulating layer on special mastic sticks plywood sheets, and the additional mount is performed by dowels.

Plywood Levels Possible Geometric Inaccuracies Concrete Basics

After conducting preparatory work, start assembling steps. Againts and risers join each other with the help of grooves done in all the details.

Set the steps begin from the lowest riser, which is attached to the floor bolts. They are screwed into the end of the part in such a way that the hats stick to 8 cm. Then they are cut and put on the floor, where they will stand.

Connection on bellows

In the marked places, the holes are done and filled with epoxy resin. In conclusion, fasten the merits. After that, on the paneur with glue, it is placed with the next riser attached to it. So that the product is better glued, it is recommended to use the goods.

Street input stairs

A neat ladder on the porch did not lose its relevance. For its manufacture, solid wood rocks are suitable, which are resistant to permanent external influences. As a rule, it is oak, ash, maple, beech.

To protect against external influences, the street construction is treated with protective means

In order for the design to serve as faithfully for many years, it must be protected from such natural factors as moisture and temperature differences. The elements come into contact with the ground are impregnated with oils, and the opened surfaces of the steps are processed by oil and are covered with paint or varnish.

The street ladder should periodically examine and, if necessary, eliminate rotten areas of the structure.

Outdoor wood design

Facing the stairs on the street has its own specifics. In the construction process, the porch in concrete leaves metal layers to which wooden steps will be attached in the future.

Processing steps with protective means

Now you know how to make an independent step for a tree staircase. Next, it is necessary to ensure their protection against damage, the impact of external and internal factors. For these purposes, special means are intended. These include impregnations, varnishes and paints.

Impregnation protects the tree from damage

The impregnation is called liquid penetrating into the wood structure and gives it certain properties. The most common are considered:

• Fire makers that increase the stability of wooden elements to high temperatures.
• Antiseptics are funds that protect the tree from fungi and bacteria. These formulations prevent the rotation of the material even in conditions of high humidity.
• Complex impregnations performing simultaneously functions of tinting and disinfection.

In order for the impregnation evenly distributed on a wooden billet and deeply soaked, it is recommended to apply to the products before starting the installation.

Paintworks are used at the recent stage of work. Exceptions are only component parts of the railil, which is more convenient to paint and lacquer in disassembled form.

Alkyd and alkudine-urethane products are suitable for painting marches, for the railil, risers - enamel. The stairs indoors are taken to cover with alcohol with a matte or glossy composition. Staircases from the street are treated with nitrocellulose means.