Supports of air lines power lines

Airline voltage 0.4-35 kV

Air lines with voltage up to 1 kV are called low voltage lines (NN), 1 kV and more - high voltage (HV).

Low-voltage lines are the simplest structures in the form of single pillars, beaten directly to the ground, with metal pins and insulators, which are attached to the wires.

Wooden, reinforced concrete and less often apply metal supports. The latter, as a rule, are used in responsible intersections (iron electrified roads, motorways, etc.). Wooden supports can be composed on wooden or reinforced concrete consoles or from solid logs of the corresponding length and diameter. Three wires hang on the lines of 6-35 kV, and on the lines of 0.4 kV, the supports allow a joint suspension to eight wires of the brand A (UP) with a cross section of 16-50 mm2.

The lines of 3-10 kV are not fundamentally different from the LINDS OF NN, however, due to the large distances between the phases and between the wires and the land, the size of elements - pillars, pins, insulators are increased.

Reinforced concrete supports of the LEP are designed and operated in areas with an estimated air temperature to -55 ° C. The main element of such supports are centrifuged reinforced concrete racks. In addition to centrifuged racks, the reinforced concrete support of the LAP can include the support and anchor plates, riglels, anchors for detentious, the lower concrete cover (sank) and the metal strursion in the form of traverse, extensions, strippers, head-clocks, clamps, delay, internal connections, fastening nodes. Fastening of metal structures to the support of the support is carried out using clamps or through bolts. Fixing in the ground reinforced concrete supports is made by setting them into cylindrical pita, followed by filling the sinuses with a sandy-gravel mixture. To ensure the necessary sealing strength in weak soils on the underground part of the supports of the VL with the help of half-woofs, riglels are fixed. The main disadvantage of reinforced concrete supports is low strength characteristics, and as a result, high costs during transportation due to large dimensions and mass products. Dignity - high corrosion resistance to aggressive medium.

Classification of reinforced concrete supports

By destination

Intermediate supportsinstalled on direct sections of the VL route are designed only to maintain wires and cables and are not designed for loads directed along the power line. As a rule, the total number of intermediate supports make up 80 - 90% of all LPP supports.

Anchor supportsapply on direct sections of the route of the VL in the places of transition through engineering facilities or natural barriers to limit the anchor span, as well as in places of changes in the number, stamps and sections of the wires of the power line. Anchor support perceives the load from the difference in the drainage of wires and cables, directed along the LAM. The design of the anchor reinforced concrete supports of the VL is distinguished by increased strength. This is ensured, among other things, in the support of reinforced concrete racks of increased strength.

Corner supportschanges are designed to be operated in places to change the direction of the VL route, they perceive the resulting load from the removal of wires and cables of adjacent inter-resistant spans. For small angles of rotation (15 - 30 °), where the loads are small, the angular intermediate supports are used. At the angles of rotation of more than 30 ° use angular anchor supports that have a stronger design and anchor mounting of the wires.

End supportsthey are a type of anchor and are installed at the end and beginning of the power line, are designed for the load from one-sided population of all wires and cables.

Special supportsused to perform special tasks: transpositive - to change the order of the location of the wires on the supports; transitional - to transition a power line through engineering facilities or natural barriers; assistant - for the device of branches from the main power line; anti-estate - to enhance the mechanical strength of the LPP section; cross - When crossing the air power transmission lines of two directions.

By construction

Portal reinforced concrete supports WL with treasures

Portal Free-standing Supports with Internal Relations

One-, two-, three- and multi-minded freestanding supports

One-, two-, three- and extruding supports with trap

By the number of chains

Disposal

Dual-chart

Multilette

Supports WL are divided into anchor and intermediate. Supports of these two main groups differ in the method of suspension of wires. On intermediate supports, the wires are suspended with the help of supporting garlands of insulators. Anchor-type supports serve to tension wires, on these supports wires are suspended using suspended garlands. The distance between the intermediate supports is called an intermediate span or simply a span, and the distance between the anchor supports is an anchor span.

1. Anchor supports are designed for hard consolidation of wires in highly responsible points VL: At the intersections of particularly important engineering structures (for example, railways, 330-500 kV truck, roadway width of more than 15 m, etc.), at the ends of the VL and at the ends of its direct sites. Anchor supports in direct areas of the route of the VL when the wires are suspension on both sides of the support with the same mischief in the normal modes of the WL operation, the same functions as intermediate supports. But the anchor supports are also calculated on the perception of significant marks on wires and cables when part of the part of them in the adjacent span. Anchor supports are much more complicated and more precious than intermediate and therefore their number on each line should be minimal.

In the worst conditions there are end anchor supports, installed when the line exit from the power plant or at approaches to the substation. These supports experience unilaterally all wires from the side of the line, as the wiring from the substation portal is slightly.

2. Intermediate straight supports are installed on direct plots of VL to maintain the wires in the anchor span. The intermediate support is cheaper and easier to manufacture than anchor, since, due to the same severity of wires on both sides, it is with non-vocabulary, i.e. in normal mode, it does not have effort along the line. Intermediate supports constitute at least 80-90% of the total pl.

3. Corner supports install at the rotation points.

In addition to loads perceived by intermediate straight supports, loads from transverse components of wires and cables also apply to angular supports. Most often, at angles of rotation of lines up to 20 °, angle supports of anchor type are used (see Fig. 1.). At the angles of rotation of the power line of more than 20 °, the weight of the intermediate corner supports significantly increases.

Fig. 1. The diagram of an anchor span and the span of the intersection with the railway.

4. Wood supports are widely used on VL to 110QV inclusive. Wooden supports are also developed for 220 kV VL, but they did not find widespread. The advantages of these supports are low cost (in areas with forest resources) and simplicity of manufacture. The disadvantage is the susceptibility of wood with rotting, especially in the place of contact with the soil. Effective remedy against rotting - impregnation with special antiseptics.

Supports make in most cases composite. The foot support consists of two parts of the long (rack ) and short (stepsing). Stey cerebrals are connected with a resistant two steel wire bandages. Anchor and intermediate angular supports for VL 6-10 kV are performed as a-shaped design.

Intermediate support is a portal having two wind bond racks and horizontal traverses. Anchor angular supports for in l 35-110 kV are performed as spatial A-P-shaped structures.

5. Metal supports (steel) applied on power lines with voltage of 35 kV and above, solid metal and require painting during operation to protect against corrosion. Metal supports are installed on reinforced concrete foundations. The most common design support 500 kV - portal on delay (Fig. 2). For the 750 kV line, both portal supports are used and V-shaped supports of the type "recruit" with split dehs. For use on 1150 kV lines in specific conditions, a series of structures of supports are portal, V-shaped, with a guy traverse. The main type of intermediate supports for lines of 1150 kV is V-shaped supports on the delay with a horizontal location of the wires (Fig. 2). DC line 1500 (± 750) kV Ekibastuz Center design on metal supports (Fig.2) .

Fig.2. Metal supports:

but - intermediate one-chart on 500 kV delay;b. - intermediate V-shaped 1150 kV;in - intermediate support of DC 1500 kV DC;g - elements of spatial lattice structures

6. Reinforced concrete supports are durable wooden, require less metal than metal, easy to maintain and therefore widely apply on VL to 500 kV inclusive. The unification of the structures of metallic and reinforced concrete supports for 35-500 square meters was carried out. As a result, the number of types and structures of supports and their parts are reduced. This made it possible to serially produce supports on the factories, which accelerated and reduced the construction of lines.

Types of support

Air lines power lines. Support structures.

Supports and foundations for air lines power lines voltage 35-110 kV have a significant proportion of both consideration and value attitude. Suffice it to say that the cost of mounted supporting structures on these airlines is usually 60-70% of the total cost of the facilities of the power lines. For lines located at industrial enterprises and areas directly adjacent to them, this percentage may be even higher.

Airline supports are designed to maintain wire wires at a certain distance from the Earth, ensuring the safety of people and the reliable operation of the line.

Supports of air lines power lines They are divided into anchor and intermediate. Supports of these two groups differ in the method of suspension of wires.

Anchor supportsfully perceive the removal of wires and cables in adjacent flaps, i.e. Serve to tension wires. On these supports, the wires are suspended using suspended garlands. Anchor type supports can be a normal and lightweight design. Anchor supports are much more complicated and more precious than intermediate and therefore their number on each line should be minimal.

Intermediate supports do not perceive the wiring or perceive it partially. On intermediate supports, the wires are suspended using supporting insulators garlands, fig. one.

Fig. one. The diagram of an anchor span of the airline and the crossing of the crossing with the railway

Based on anchor supports can be performed end and transpositive Supports. Intermediate and anchor supports can be straight and corner.

End anchor Supports installed at the exit of the line from the power plant or at approaches to the substation are in the worst conditions. These supports experience unilaterally all wires from the side of the line, as the tension from the substation portal is slightly.

Intermediate straight Supports are installed on direct sections of air lines for maintaining wires. The intermediate support is cheaper and easier to manufacture than anchor, as in normal mode does not have an effort along the line. Intermediate supports constitute at least 80-90% of the total number of air lines.

Corner supports Installed at the turning points of the line. At the angles of rotation of the line up to 20 o, angle supports of anchor type are used. With the corners of the power line turn more than 20 o - intermediate corner supports.

WL supports are designed to provide the required distances between phases and earth. The horizontal distance between the centers of two adjacent supports of one line is called the span. There are transitional, intermediate and anchor spans. Anchor span usually consists of several intermediate.

Types of support

In terms of the number of chains, the supports are classified on monoton and dual-charts. VL, having two chains, made on double-chain supports, cheaper than two parallel lines, made on monotonal supports, and can be built in a shorter period.

Supports WL are divided into two main groups: intermediate and anchor. In addition, corner, end and special supports are distinguished.

Intermediate supports are installed on direct portions of the route. In normal mode, they perceive vertical loads from the mass of wires, insulators, reinforcements and horizontal loads from the wind pressure on the wires and supports. When breaking one or more wires, intermediate supports perceive the additional load directed along the line, and are twisted and bending. Therefore, they are manufactured with a certain margin of strength. The number of intermediate supports on the VL is up to 80%.

Anchor supports are installed on direct portions of the route for the transition of VL through engineering structures or natural obstacles. Their design is tougher and stronger, as they perceive the longitudinal load from the difference in the distress of wires and cables in adjacent anchor spans, and during installation - from the mercy of the wires suspended on one side.

Fig. 2.1. Plan and profile of the plot of VL:

A - anchor support, P - intermediate support, UP - angular intermediate support, Wa-angle anchor support, ka-terminal anchor support

End supports are a type of anchor and are installed at the end and beginning of the line. In normal conditions, they perceive the load from one-sided tension of the wires.

Specialized includes transposition supports, the design of which allows you to change the order of the wires on the support; Assistant - for a branch device from a trunk line, etc.

Support material

According to the norms of technological design of electric power lines with a voltage of 35 kV and higher, the following areas of use of various materials for the manufacture of supports are recommended.

Wooden supports (Pine, larch of winter logging, for invisilate parts - spruce, fir) with impregnation with antiseptic are used for single-chart 35 - 150 kV, where wood use is economically profitable. The advantage of wooden supports is due to their low cost, highly high mechanical strength, high electrical insulating properties, low cost. The main disadvantage is short-life.

Reinforced concrete supportsused in a flat terrain for single-chart lines 35-220 kV, on all two-chain lines - 35 - 110 kV, on the VL - 500 kV, passing in a flat terrain, where metal supports are economically inexpedient. Reinforced concrete supports are not allowed to apply on VL passing in a mountain or highly rough terrain. Reinforced concrete supports have high mechanical strength, durable, cheap in operation, manufacturing and assembly compared to metal. Their disadvantage is a big mass, which increases transportation costs. In reinforced concrete supports, the main stretching efforts perceives steel reinforcement, as concrete works poorly on stretching, but when compressed, the main loads are perceived by concrete.

The joint work of concrete and became due to the following properties. Concrete when hardening is firmly bonded with reinforcement due to gluing and friction caused by the shrinkage of concrete when hardening, resulting in compression of the rods of reinforcing concrete. As a result, when exposed to external efforts, both materials work together, adjacent sections of concrete and the same deformations are obtained. Steel and concrete have about the same linear expansion coefficients, which eliminates the appearance of internal stresses in reinforcedon with changes in the outdoor temperature. Concrete reliably protects the reinforcement from corrosion and when the temperature jumps, the compressive voltage perceives. The lack of reinforced concrete is the formation of cracks in it, especially in places of contact with the soil. To increase crack resistance, the pre-voltage of the reinforcement is used, which creates additional concrete compression. The main elements of the reinforced concrete supports are racks, traverses, rope and riglels. At reinforced concrete plants, the racks are made either on centrifuge performing molding and sealing concrete, or a vibration method, a sealing concrete mix of vibrators. The method of centrifugation is made round hollow conical and cylindrical racks, the method of vibration - rectangular (GOST 22387.0-85). For two-chained voltage voltage of more than 35 kV and above, centrifuged racks are used, having a SC labeling (rack conical) and SC (cylindrical racks). The racks of the UK are used on the 35-750 kV of two types: a length of 22.6 m and 26 m with a correspondingly upper and lower diameters of 440/650 mm and 416/650 mm, made in one unified formwork. The racks of the SC are made with a length of 20 m and a diameter of 800 mm. For 35 kV 35 kV, the vibration resistant is 16.4 m.

Metal supportsit is used on two-chained 35-500 kV mb, on monotathe VL 110, 220, 330 kV, where it is impossible or inappropriate, the use of reinforced concrete supports, on VL 750 kV. The main structures of the metal supports are made of steel steel, the most stressful supports of the supports are from low-alloyed steels. Pieces of the supports are subjected to factory hot galvanized. Build the supports is made using bolted connections. Their advantage over the reinforced concrete is that they allow you to create structures designed for heavy loads and any climatic conditions, have a high mechanical strength with a relatively small mass. However, they are quite expensive and subject to corrosion. Steel supports can be according to the construction of single-suitable (turbors) and portal, and according to the method of consolidation on the foundations - freestandy or with deficule.

Unification of supports

According to the results of many years of construction and operation practices, the most appropriate and economical types and structures of the supports are determined and their unification is systematically carried out, which allows the use of a single convenient system of designations and classifications. Unification allows you to reduce the total number of support types, the number of sizes of parts of the supports, choose, if necessary, a rational replacement of supports or their parts, organize their mass production on specialized factories. According to the unification, the conditions of application are installed for each type of support: voltage VL, the number of chains, the area on ice, the maximum wind speed, wire brands, cable brands. The last unification for steel supports was carried out in 1995-96. According to it, the range of used wire sections is expanded, which makes it possible to provide optimal current density, the lengths of the insulators garlands are unified, the recommendations are made to record the degree of contamination of the atmosphere when choosing insulators, changes are made to the supports of the supports , Changed the names of the types of supports. For these conditions, the corresponding type of support is selected in reference books, in the name of which the following signs are reflected:

1) Support type: P - intermediate, y - angular (intermediate or anchor), C - specialized;

2) Support material: d - wood, b - reinforced concrete, for metal supports there is no lettering designation;

3) nominal voltage of VL;

4) The size is a digit that reflects the strength properties of the support: the even digit is assigned to a two-chain support, odd - monograph.

For example, PB35-3 is an intermediate reinforced concrete monotonal support for a voltage of 35 kV (designed for the construction of the VL in the III-IV areas on ice, wind speed up to 30 m / s, with wires of AC95 / 16-AC150 / 24 and TK-35 cable ).

The most important characteristics of VL, depending on the type of support, are the concepts of dimensions and a dimensional span. The dimensions of r are called the smallest, permissible Pue, the vertical distance between the lowest point of the wire wire to intersectable engineering structures or the surface of the Earth or water. The values \u200b\u200bof the dimension are determined from the considerations of the safe operation of the VL (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

The overall span is a span, determined by the condition of the permissible distance from the wires to the Earth, subject to the installation of the supports on the perfectly level surface. The values \u200b\u200bof overall spans are indicated in the technical characteristics of the supports.

Reinforced concrete supports are the main entry element in the power system. They occur at increased environmental loads, because the simultaneous use of metal and concrete is quite advisable. There are various types of supports, each of them has a certain purpose. Installation technology is complicated by the fact that even in the usual design, the design has a significant weight and for installation needs the use of special equipment.

general description

The basis of the support is concrete, which is reinforced by an iron frame. Taking into account the purpose, various cement formulations can be used. For example, 40-100 kV concrete support LEP maintenance is performed using structures from centrifuged cement solutions.

The main advantages that have a support support belongs to corrosion resistance, as well as to the action of chemical elements and substances contained in the air.

However, these designs have certain disadvantages. To begin with, this is a significant weight, due to which work manipulations for their delivery and installation are complicated. At the same time, reinforced concrete supports of SV have significant sensitivity to mechanical damage. For instance, during transport, these designs are often deformed - On the surface you can see chips and cracks.

Principle of device

Supports can be equipped with steel framework, which is formed using metal fittings. Due to this, the design gets high strength, as well as protection against aggressive environmental factors.

At the same time, the valve is used to fasten the wires on the traverses or hooks. In the second version, supports are used, where the required holes are performed at the factory for installing hooks.

It should be noted that the equipment of the functional elements can be carried out even before the installation of these structures was performed on the desired area. This feature is distinguished by reinforced concrete supports from wooden, the equipment of which can be made only after installation.

Classification by Mounting Method

There are various installation options in support. In this case, we are talking about installation methods in the ground - with installation on the foundation basis and with immersion in the ground. At the same time, the supports that are fastened on the foundation can also be two types: traditional and narrow beads. The last type is a design that is installed on reinforced concrete or metal piles:

1. The first species implies immersion in the soil with further fill with cement mortar. This support is also called frame or frame. It is used as an element for the arrangement of foundations.
2. Constructions directly fixed in the ground, as a rule, are used as carrier elements of power lines, lighting systems, etc.

Use of use

By and large, reliable and simple reinforced concrete support led to a huge sphere of using this design. Today, the following varieties of reinforced concrete supports can be distinguished with respect to their purpose:

Features LEP designs

R / b Supports are considered the best solution to organize support for high-voltage power lines. Wood and iron analogs are also used for this purpose, but they have a number of significant restrictions. But reinforced concrete structures have restrictions on the loads on the power grids with which they have the opportunity to work.

This can produce support for electrolytes with an indicator of 15-1200 square meters. In such a large range, there are structures with different characteristics. The larger the supplied voltage, the greater the size and weight of the traverses at the reinforced concrete support.

If the power lines are located approximately on one distance from the surface of the Earth and the load on the supports is the same, which is due to the need to change the design indicators? This is quite logical taking into account technological requirements, which are regulated by various regulatory acts from the distance from the power to the support and the surface of the soil depending on the current current.

Installation technology

The installation process is proceed only after the end of the preparation of the construction site and the delivery of all components for the installation. Then the soil is analyzed, the scheme is developed and ground is carried out. Only after that, the construction and main parts are assembled:

Start the final stage of soil backfills can be only after the design level is checked.

Carrying out repair work

Performance of repair work on the R / B supports for the correction of chipping and cleft is carried out by polymer-cement compositions and paint materials. Small surface clefts are treated with a layer of paint and varnish composition, and the chips are coated with polymer cement substances. In certain situations, supports can enhance with steel or reinforced concrete bands.

Wire repair includes: Installing new clamps, replacing certain parts of garlands, arresters, pins, hooks, insulators, cable welding, etc. Most often, the installation process during repair is made in the same way as during the installation of cables. Therefore, it is further described only the technology of work, which is determined by the feature of the repair of high-voltage lines and installing them on the current-in-service parts located in hard-to-reach places under voltage.

The replacement of cables is carried out, as a rule, completely on the anchor site. Due to the greater complexity of these works, during a shortage of time, the line can be connected to the voltage, leaving the elongated cable on the intermediate columns on the garlands, while it is connected temporarily on the hinges of the anchor supports with special clamps. The subsequent disconnection is performed by the cable shock, the installation of the clamps and the installation of vibration dampers. During a significant amount of work, a phazic replacement of the cable is produced. The cable shift in the clips is often performed without disconnecting the voltage.

Repair of individual sites

Repair of individual sections are carried out in different ways, they are determined by the scale of deformation. During the cliff of several wires, a special clutch or bandage can be installed. If necessary, the damaged area is cut and change to a new one.

The repair of the cable in the span is produced most often without its lowering. The size of the insert is obliged to clearly approach the length of the cropped part - otherwise the adjustment of the prodial boom can happen. The insert wire must be the same brand and have the same direction of turns, as well as replaceable.

Before trimming the wire on both sides from the damage site, the mounting clamping wedges are inserted (on the cable more than 350 mm2 - three) and the wire is delayed with winches, protracted nuts or polystes. After the tightening, they cut a damaged place and prepare the insertion of the same size with the admission of connectors. After connecting the insert with the replaced by the connectors and populate the protracted device, passing the cable tension to the insertion.

Wiring repair work is most often on the disconnected electroles. If the repair is caused by cutting the cable, then it is necessary to ground from two sides. If there is a voltage, the cutting section of the outlined cutting is preloading to shunt a piece of cable, connecting it from two sides of the cut of the part of the wire being repaired.

The replacement of fittings and insulators produce, as a rule, with the disconnection of electroles. On 30-120 kV-disconnected supports, the replacement of solid garlands is produced from a telescopic tower or from traverse. While working with traverse, the cable tighten the winch in such a way that it was possible to freely disable the garland. A new one is put to the place of the damaged insulator.

During the use of the tower, it is placed under the garland, after the telescope push up so that the cable mass is taken by the basket and it was possible to disclose it. The transfer of the mass of the wire to the tower telescope is allowed, taking into account the load capacity of the last more than 450 kg. During exceeding the maximum weight, the tower is used only for the convenience of mounting.

Replacing insulators

The replacement of insulators is performed with pre-unloading from the tension of the cable. For convenience, a telescopic tower is used. The cable creates a mounting clip with a cord, which is pulled by the winch through the installed block. After decreasing the tension in the garland, broken insulators change in the latter. The replacement of significant suspended structures is usually carried out with lowering wires.

Replacing the insulators without disconnecting the voltage is a time-consuming task that requires special security rules. To perform work, different devices are used: insulating fittings and thrust, as well as safety facilities - towers and platforms made from insulating material, as well as swivel taps that are attached to traverse.

The distribution and transmission systems of electricity covers cities, villages and other objects located in some sections. In addition to transporting electricity at considerable distances, reinforced concrete supports are effectively used during electricity transmissionand from substations to consumers, as well as to improve the lighting of road surfaces and streets.

With the full list of WL supports, presented on our website, can be found on the tabs presented below. Select first the material from which the support is made and then the line voltage rating. After that, go to the page with a list of WL. Please note that the support list is constantly updated.

Power lines supports are perhaps one of the most complex elements of the LEP. When designing and building these structures, it is necessary to take into account both climatic and ground characteristics of the terrain. Currently, the manufacturers of supports seek to reduce the cost of production and improving the strength characteristics of products.

In view of this, various designs are developed, allowing to reduce the load on the foundation and ensure sustainable operation in various modes of operation.

On our site you can familiarize yourself with both old and new developments of Russian engineers.

Classification by appointment

Each brand of supports is designed to perform its specific function. That is why designs are divided into major types depending on the purpose:

1. intermediate supports - the most common type of supports, designed for vertical loads from the weight of the wires, are installed only on direct areas of the line;
2. anchor supports - Also installed on direct portions of the track, but the wires are attached to them anchor. Thus, supports are designed for longitudinal loads from the waste of wires;
3. corner supports - Installed on the corners of the route. The mounting of the wires on them is also in most cases anchor, however, there are exceptions in the form of intermediate angular supports;
4. end supports - Mounted usually before substations. Loads affect them, mainly on one side of the line;
5. transpositive - are designed to perform the transposition of WP wires;
6. assistant - installed in places of branches of the line to the adjacent direction;
7. transitional - To ensure a dimension over an engineering structure or a natural barrier.

Classification based on manufacturing materials

Designs are installed in various climatic, geosaismic conditions. It should pay attention to that many types of supports are intended for operation in urban development. Thus, each of the cases requires the use of suitable material for the manufacture of racks.

Wooden supports

Wooden LAP supports are widespread in the conditions of countryside, but do not forget that the corresponding wooden structures also apply on the lines up to 220kV.

Designs made of wood apply most often on low voltage lines, while they have a number of advantages:

1. relative durability (up to 50 years with appropriate impregnation);
2. low weight;
3. simplicity of construction and transportation;
4. low cost.

Reinforced concrete supports

Reinforced concrete supports are installed on lines with a voltage of less than 500 square meters. These are mainly intermediate supports that do not perceive the load from the drainage of wires and cables. In the case of the use of reinforced concrete racks as anchor supports, they are strengthened with hide or dents.

GBB supports are made of pre-stressed reinforced concrete and have a number of advantages:

1. uncomplicated design features;
2. do not require complex additional assembly;
3. not susceptible to decay, like wooden supports;
4. in some cases, it is possible to install directly into the ground;
5. relatively simple construction line.

Steel supports

Steel supports on 0.4-10 kV lines are extremely rare. These prerogatives are medium voltage lines and higher. Metal supports are mainly used as anchor, however, at a voltage of the network more than 110 kV, intermediate steel supports are used.

Designs can be made from both profile and corners and rolled products, as metal supports based on pipes are often used in lighting. Among the advantages of the supports of this type, their wear resistance and durability can be noted, as well as the possibility of manufacturing very high design to ensure a safe transition through engineering structures and natural obstacles.

Typical projects are presented for each of the types of supports. As a result, you will be confident in your choice, as you will familiarize yourself with all the necessary documentation.

Designed to hold wires in limbo. These include lattice and multifaceted racks, traverses, foundations. They can have different sizes and shapes. Production of LEP support involves the use of various materials. These designs are reinforced concrete and metal. The following types of supports are distinguished by purpose:

• Anchor;
• Intermediate;
• Terminal;
• Corner.

Anchor is installed to limit the anchor spans and in places to change the number or type of wires. Installation of intermediate supports is performed on direct sections of the electrically conductive route. Corner structures are used where it changes its direction. End - apply at the beginning and end of the line. Plant for the manufacture and installation of PC PC PC PC PCs produces in Moscow with rigid and flexible structures.

Antenna supports

They are used to consolidate at the required height of the antenna equipment. They are a rod metal structures having the form of the correct four-pyramid. Depending on the signal strength, the level of raising lines of communication can be different. Therefore, the height of these structures ranges from 30 to 80 m. They include:

• Bracket;
• Service platform;
• Staircase with fence;
• Playground for the transition;
• Grid support.

The main application area is radio relay communication lines. Fixing structures is performed using bolted compounds. The vertical staircase for the movement of people is fixed in the inner trunk of the structure. The manufacture of LPP supports of this species is made in six sizes. This uses sections with a length of 10 m.

Supports

They are special towers that have increased bearing capacity and increased height. Their destination is to accommodate sets of antenna equipment that provides communication. The production of metal structures of this species is carried out in 2 species - masts and towers.

The most sought after they are masts. They are made of tubular rolled and painted in white or red colors. Among them are support for cellular and radio communication, street lighting, masts for television and broadcasting. The most commonly used three-section structures. Mounting Radomach is performed in several steps using special equipment.

Power Supports

Their purpose consists in maintaining electrical wires on the necessary distance from the surface of the roofs, land and wires of other lines. Such structures have to function in various meteorological conditions, so they require strength. The production of power lines of power lines is carried out on the basis of various materials. In the countryside for electrolytes with a voltage of 35 kV, the wood of coniferous rocks is still widely used.

The most advanced option is the multifaceted steel structures galvanized by the method of hot galvanizing. The design period of their operation is 70 years.

Production and installation

In order for such structures for a long time and reliably serve, their careful design and quality making are necessary. Our metalwork plant is engaged in the production and supply of PPP supports to many energy and manufacturing companies. The technological process is to collect the framework, carrying out the input control of the initial raw materials, the heat-humid processing of the forms, the output control of the finished product.

The manufacture of metal PPPs in Moscow occurs with the use of tubular and sheet rolled steel. It is made of high quality carbon steel. The raw material entering the production must be subject to laboratory control in the form of chemical and spectral analysis.

After making, products are transported on platforms in the form of individual sections. Before mounting structures, the track markup. Next, the wells are dried for their subsequent installation. The depth and diameter of the pit depend on the type of product and the type of soil. Installation of supports is performed using cranes or manipulators.