Greetings, dear readers! In touch with you, Timur Mustaev. Often in various forums and groups dedicated to disassembling and evaluating photographs, one can find constructive criticism regarding the horizon line, namely its obstruction.

What is a horizon line, a littered horizon, and how did it actually fall, let's figure it out?

Officially obstruction- this is a failure to observe parallels between the horizon line in the photo and the horizontal of the monitor or camera screen.

This error is quite common among novice photographers and is not as critical as, for example, an incorrectly set value and , which globally affects the final result.

However, in fairness, it is important to point out that the obstruction of the horizon can act as an artistic technique to give a special expressiveness to the image.

Naturally, this technique has nothing to do with the series of photographs "me and my cat."

What can be done to avoid obstruction of the horizon?

In the latest models of cameras, you can find a rather useful lotion - an electronic level, which, like a building one, performs the same function.

If your equipment does not have such usefulness, purchase the first LED level that comes across in a specialized store, which is installed in a standard shoe, in place of an external flash. Such camera level can be bought on Aliexpress.

Also, many cameras have markers and grids in the viewfinder, which are conditionally superimposed on subjects / subjects and are not displayed in any way in the photo.

This method allows not only to correctly orientate when positioning the horizon, but also to correctly make the overall composition of the frame.

For people who are not looking for easy ways, one of the most elementary and budgetary ways to get a flat horizon line is to constantly compare it with one of the borders of the camera screen.

The littered horizon in the photo, how to fix it?

If, when viewing the footage, you find the presence of this error in the photo, you will have to resort to a radical method - deleting all such pictures! Kidding!

This problem is easily solved in Photoshop.

For this:

• Insert the photo into the program.
• Press the key WITH. This is the frame tool.
• Rotate the image in the desired direction by the round arrow (usually located in the corners of the photo) until the desired result is achieved.
• Press Enter to save the result.
• Make a crop.
• Save the photo.

By the way, paying attention to convenience and developed habits, I want to say that I categorically do not accept the cropping method in Photoshop and use the usual, well-known Paint: open the photo, select the desired area, click "Crop", save.

Paint also has a function to rotate a certain number of degrees in one direction or another, to align the contours, but, as for me, this method spoils the quality of the photo, and I do not use it.

Other lines involved in the composition

In continuation of the topic, I cannot but mention the various lines involved in the construction of the frame or interfering with it.

Most often, lines add life to a photograph, express dynamics, indicate direction, lead the eye to the main object, emphasizing its significance.

A picture consisting of horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines cannot but interest the viewer in itself.

Lines mean various geometric structures, building decoration, power lines, railway tracks, highways, road markings, alleys, etc. Even a tabby cat can fit perfectly into the frame and emphasize something.

Finding the right lines is quite difficult, everything needs practice.

When photographing monuments or architecture, pay attention to the surrounding lines. They will help convey the plot of the photo to the viewer in the best light.

In landscape photography, horizontal lines symbolize a state of rest: sleeping people, the forest, fallen trees, the "contact" of the sky and the sea - merging together - all this speaks of balance, a certain constancy and the absence of time.

However, a shot that embodies the riot and variety of lines can be too oversaturated and boring.

So if you're shooting an ocean coastline that is in contact with the sky, drag something into the frame, such as a passing ship or a setting sun.

It is important that everything is in harmony and complements each other.

When shooting landscapes, portraits and architecture, the horizon line is not desirable to be centered. It should be understood that this will lead to the division of the frame into two parts, and this is unacceptable according to the rule of thirds.

Now you know, still small chips that photographers know. Before the conclusion, I want to advise the course - (if you have NIKON) or My first MIRROR(if you have CANON). Thanks to him, you will learn a lot about your SLR camera. How to set it up correctly, what settings to pay attention to, what to consider and what to pay attention to when photographing. In a word, you will switch with your camera to "YOU". I recommend this video course, especially for beginners.

My first MIRROR- for owners of the CANON camera.

Digital SLR for beginners 2.0- for NIKON camera owners.

By subscribing to blog updates and commenting on articles, you help make content better! Don't forget to share on social media.

All the best to you, Timur Mustaev.

This might seem like one of the easiest things to do in photography: leveling the horizon. Most photographers try to keep the horizon straight in their photographs, but this is usually not taken very seriously. And why? Well, because leveling the horizon is a very simple task. Is not it? In practice, however, aligning the apparent boundary of the sky with the ground requires more care than many think.

You can't just rely on your camera's "virtual horizon" or auto straighten tool in post. The human perception of the level of the horizon is more complex. Let's take it in order.

simple cases

Sometimes leveling the horizon is not difficult at all. In situations where it is completely flat, there are no obvious distractions around, such as seascapes or large fields. In such a situation, correcting the line is really easy.

However, simple cases are much rarer than you might think. More often than not, something in the scene being filmed will cause the horizon to appear uneven or curved. In some cases, you may not even see a clear horizon. These situations make the problem much more difficult.

Perceptual horizon

Each photograph has its own perceptual, or visually perceived, horizon - the angle at which the image looks flat.

The perceptual horizon does not always agree with the real horizon. In other words, it's when you use the bubble level on top of your camera and it says the image is completely flat, but your photos appear to be very tilted visually. The same can be said about the virtual horizon in the camera, which assures the photographer not to believe his eyes and consider the entire picture on its side to be an even limiting line.

Cause? If the distant objects in your photo are tilted, such as in the photo below, where a long ridge runs through the middle of the frame, they should function as a new horizontal line. If it doesn't, your photo won't look straight, no matter how well you aligned your camera with the actual horizon in the scene you're shooting.

It must be remembered that the visually perceived horizon does not always correspond to the "technically correct" horizon.

More difficult cases

Most photographers agree that when there is uneven undulation in a photograph, it is necessary to tilt the camera to make the image even out. But for landscape photographers, situations are much more complicated.

Sometimes completely different visual cues can make a photo look slanted. For example, the picture below demonstrates this eloquently, since the horizon in the photo is flat, but for many people the image will have a strong slope.

Here is the same photo with the horizontal line superimposed. Line marked slightly below the horizon to best illustrate all of the above.

If you see a distinct slope in the original image, what does that say? In the case we are considering, the answer lies at another level of photography - the visual horizon is captured by the waves washing ashore. Due to the sloping nature of the beach, these lines also appear to be slanted. Thus, it turns out that every visual cue in the photo tells the viewer that the image is too tilted to the right down. The only line that seems flat is the horizon itself, which is not strong enough to outweigh all the counterexamples in the foreground.

This is not the only case where it is difficult to understand what is the true horizon in the picture. The human visual system is easy to fool if done right. Take a look at the picture below. You see a clear slope (top left, bottom right).

Actually it is not. This image is completely flat, but the vast majority of people will see an undeniable tilt in it, since the human brain sees each segment separately and perceives it as tilted, which creates the impression of a general tilt.

The given example is no different from the photographs. Even if the horizon in your photo is technically flat, corresponding to the guide lines in your post-processing software, it doesn't mean that the horizon line looks straight.

What advice would you give to aspiring photographers? Adjust to the visually perceived horizon, as this is the best way to make your photos interesting to an outside viewer.

What other situations arise that affect the ability to level the horizon?

1. General uneven slope in the scene being shot.
2. Noticeable lens distortion.
3. The simple lack of a horizon in some images.
4. Other deceptive visual lines.

What can you do in such cases, that is, in most cases?

Recommendations are as follows: strive to convey a visual horizon line, not a technical one. Most of the time, you want your photos to look even, even if they aren't technically straight. To achieve this result, keep a close eye on any lines that enter your frame. It is likely that you have a tree in your composition that will appear slanted, or streaks in the foreground that affect the apparent straightness of the image.

Don't blindly use the "auto straighten" option in your post-processing software. The same goes for the bubble level or virtual horizon lines in the camera. Even drawing a horizontal line on an LCD screen to align the image will not be 100% reliable. And while these methods work in certain situations, they certainly won't always fit the perceptual horizon.

Another tip worth mentioning is try mirroring the image horizontally in post-editing. By looking at the new version, you will see the photo in a new light, including potential problems with the horizon, which you might not have noticed initially.

Flip the photo horizontally

In addition, it is worth periodically reviewing your old photographs and checking whether the horizon looks even and horizontal on them. Looking with a fresh look, you will be able to evaluate your efforts and the resulting work and understand whether the shortcomings began to wander from work to work.

Are these tips enough to make all your photos look even? Apparently not. Aligning your shots with the visual horizon takes some time and practice to master. In fact, it's probably worth recognizing that advice cannot help everyone unconditionally. Each person sees the world in their own way. (What looks completely flat to you may look slanted to someone else.)

However, it's worth a try. A littered horizon in many cases will indicate unprofessionalism or haste. The uneven horizon sometimes and only sometimes acts as a feature and a specially conceived nuance. And for most photographers, a smooth, clearly horizontal line connecting the sky with the earth is what you need. Keep this in mind when you are going to shoot, for example, landscape photography.

A littered horizon is a problem familiar to many. This is the name of a defect in which the horizon in the image is not parallel to the horizontal of the screen and / or the edges of the printed photograph. Both a beginner and a professional with extensive experience in photography can fill up the horizon, sometimes this is a consequence of carelessness when photographing, and sometimes it is a necessary measure.

There is a special term in photography that makes the littered horizon a kind of highlight of the picture, as if implying that “it was intended that way.” This is called the "German corner" (or "Dutch", no difference) and is used as an artistic technique. If it so happened that the horizon is littered, and the original idea of ​​​​the photo did not imply this, the problem can be easily solved by processing the photo in Photoshop. There are three fairly simple ways to fix this defect. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Method 1: "Frame"

For a detailed explanation of the methods in our case, the Russified version of Photoshop CS6 is used. But if you have a different version of this program, it's not scary. The described methods are equally suitable for most versions.

So, the horizon is parallel, but there are white empty areas on the image, which means that the desired effect is not achieved.

Method 2: Guide

If for some reason the first method did not suit you, you can go the other way. If you have problems with the eye, and it is difficult to orient the horizontal parallel with the screen parallel, but you see that there is a defect, use the horizontal guide (left-click on the ruler located at the top and drag it to the horizon).

If there really is a defect, and the deviation is such that it is impossible to close your eyes to it, select the entire photo ( CTRL+A) and transform it ( CTRL+T). Rotate the image in different directions until the horizon is perfectly parallel to the horizontal of the screen, and when you have reached the desired result, press ENTER.

Further, in the usual way - cropping or filling, which are described in detail in the first method - get rid of unfilled areas. Simply, quickly, effectively, you leveled out a littered horizon and made the photo perfect.

Method 3: "Ruler"

For perfectionists who do not trust their own eyes, there is a third way to level the littered horizon, which allows you to determine the angle of inclination as accurately as possible and bring it to a perfectly horizontal state automatically.

All these methods have the right to life. Which one to use is up to you. Good luck in creativity!

The horizon line is an important compositional element in photography. If during the exposure of the frame your camera is tilted, then you will get a frame with the so-called littered horizon, when the objects in the frame seem to fall to the side. This is one of the most common mistakes made by beginner photography enthusiasts. However, the littered horizon can always, if necessary, be leveled in any graphics editor, albeit with some deterioration in the quality of the picture. But the question of how to correctly position the horizon in the frame in order to make the picture the most advantageous for the viewer seems to be much more difficult. Incorrect positioning of the horizon can divert the viewer's attention from the most important and interesting details, thereby ruining the whole idea of ​​​​the photo.

In the theory of photography, there are several fundamental rules, one of which concerns the location of the horizon line. This rule states that the horizon line should not be placed directly in the center of the frame, but it is better to place it at a distance of about one third from the edges of the image. That is, in other words, the horizon line should be placed closer to the bottom or top of the frame, guided by the grid.

However, as you know, every rule has its exceptions. What can we say about such a creative activity as photography. Following this rule is not always the best solution. The choice of the location of the horizon line in the frame (top, bottom or middle) will depend on what you want to shoot and what you want to focus on the main attention of the viewer. In this regard, we can dwell in more detail on which location of the horizon would be preferable in a given situation:

Horizon closer to the bottom of the frame

One of the most common and common options for the location of the horizon line is the lower horizon. By placing the horizon closer to the bottom of the photo, the top of the photo becomes dominant. She grabs the viewer's attention. Choosing a lower horizon seems to be the most useful if you need to pay more attention to the background or when the foreground is simply not in the picture.

In landscape photography, this technique is often used if the photographer wants to show the viewer a mesmerizing sky, a stunning sunset, or bizarrely shaped clouds. It is not necessary to place the horizon line too low if there is nothing in the upper area of ​​​​the frame that may interest the viewer. This will make the photo look rather boring and not expressive in its content. For example, far from always an empty blue sky can look interesting and attractive, so it makes sense to slightly raise the horizon line.

- The horizon line is closer to the top of the frame

The opposite option is when the horizon line is placed closer to the upper border of the frame. This is a good solution for those photos where you need to emphasize the foreground. Indeed, in this case, the lower region of the photographic image already becomes dominant in the composition. The sky or sunset in the background will only be an addition to the picture. A high horizon is preferable when there are some interesting objects or details in the foreground that carry a certain semantic load.

With the upper and lower horizons, you need to be aware of the vertical lines placed at the edges of the image. It can be trees or architectural structures. Due to the placement of the horizon, these lines can turn out to be concave towards the center, or, conversely, they will bend out of the frame. You can correct these possible shortcomings in the process of post-processing the image.

An interesting option, which, as we have already found out, is a deviation from the generally accepted rules for constructing a composition. The main difficulty that the photographer faces when placing the horizon line in the center of the frame is the imbalance of the photo, that is, when one part of the frame will visually “outweigh” the other. In practice, it can be quite difficult to determine the correct balance of a photograph, so this position of the horizon should be used only in exceptional cases when the general idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe image requires it. For example, placing the horizon in the middle will work best in reflective photos, where it is much easier to get a balanced composition initially.

In addition, in such a situation, the picture will look even more interesting and attractive if the horizon line is interrupted by some objects, for example, going from the earth's surface to the sky. It can be trees, posts, structures. Due to them, a certain relationship will be built between the upper and lower areas of the image. When using a central location, you should be extremely careful: the horizon should be placed exactly in the center of the frame, and not a little higher or lower. Otherwise, it will aggravate the holistic perception of the photo. If you decide to think about placing the horizon line in the center of the frame, then remember that the rules of composition can be violated, but this must be done deliberately, weighing all the pros and cons.

Is it possible to shoot in landscape or architectural photography without a horizon at all? For example, the concept of the horizon when shooting indoors, in principle, is meaningless in itself. Of course, this is possible and, moreover, in many cases it is quite justified. Why break up the picture with the horizon line, if the blue sky is not able to bring anything interesting into the composition of the frame, only visually making the photo heavier. In this situation, it is recommended to focus on the individual details of the landscape, simply leaving the horizon line out of the frame.

So, the choice of placement of the horizon line depends entirely on what you want to get and what to focus on the main attention of the viewer. For example, if you plan to draw attention to a bright foreground, then the horizon line should be placed at the top at a distance of one third from the edges of the frame. If you want to focus on the background, then choose the lower horizon. In some cases, it is beneficial to use a central location, but it is important that individual areas of the photographic image are balanced.

Regarding the horizon line, there is only one recommendation addressed to photography lovers. Before you press the shutter button, take some extra time to think about the composition of your photo and evaluate the shot in the viewfinder or LCD monitor. Spend some free time moving the camera up and down and right and left to determine the best angle and position of the horizon line. This will help you avoid mistakes that can spoil the impression of the photo. The problem of the littered horizon will help to solve electronics. Fortunately, in many modern digital cameras there is an electronic level function to facilitate the alignment of the device.

In fact, the question of how to correctly position the horizon line in the image is largely debatable. It all depends not only on the compositional rules, but also on the personal preferences of the photographer, as well as on his creative idea. Sometimes even a photograph with a littered horizon, which contradicts all generally accepted rules of composition, can make an incredibly strong impression on viewers.

Notice in the image above, the photographer's error is slight but obvious when you know where to look. The roof of the building is slightly tumbled down (but this may be true, since the building is already quite old). Going further, pay attention to the place where the water meets the land, here all doubts are already lost that the horizon in the photo is really littered.
While taking this shot, I paid attention to my new filter, properly adjusted exposure and other aspects of the picture, and completely forgot to look at the horizon line, how even it is.
This is an elementary mistake that many photographers often make, even professional ones. And it would seem that such a trifling detail as a mistake of a few degrees can ruin even the most successful shot.
Of course, from time to time you want to experiment by holding the camera at different angles and intentionally tilt the horizon in one direction or another. The main thing to remember here is the main rule - either an ideal horizon line, or an obvious slope. A slightly tilted horizon only speaks of your negligence in your work, it is very uncomfortable for the viewer, and I would even say unpleasant to look at such “slightly, slightly” unfinished pictures.

How to make the horizon even

The easiest way to shoot the horizon straight is to keep an eye on the top and bottom side in your viewfinder. Meaning, looking at the edges of the future frame, you can choose the right position for your camera. The horizon must be parallel to the top and bottom of the image.
Almost always there is an option in the camera that turns on the grid in the viewfinder, or on the screen, following this grid, and the parallelism of the horizon relative to this line, you can achieve a good result.
If you're shooting on tripods, it's important to set it up correctly. Each tripod has a so-called level (mainly used by builders) - a small green cone with water and a small vial. There is a mark on the cone, and when the vial is at this mark, it means that the device is in a position parallel to the surface.

You can also purchase this level separately, and use it without even using a tripod. The photo above shows such a device that is installed directly on the camera.

Conclusion

Do not forget about software products with which you can "align" and "rotate" any image. This is done very easily and quickly, you do not need to be a very advanced user of one or another graphics program to find how to fix a littered horizon.