A proposal contains information, asks about it, or directs you to action. Most often it has a stem and secondary members that describe it. To assimilate or brush up on a topic, it is useful to study examples of grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian.

The grammatical basis for parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical to use. It consists of a subject, which directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate - an action performed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in initial form(nominative item), but it can be not only a noun. This could be:

• numeral - to indicate the amount, set, number (there were three in line; four was the best mark for him);
• personal pronoun (he quietly walked along the corridor; we left the class);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something was bothering me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective in the meaning of a noun (the person in charge was appointed by the management; the person on duty kept order).

In the grammatical parsing of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject with an underscore, and the predicate with a double underscore.

The predicate is most often a verb, but it has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by a verb in any mood (the dog ran along the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a bridging verb (most often - to be) and a nominative part (the student became a student; bread is their main food; three times two - six(the word "will be" is omitted));

Completeness of the proposal

Based on the composition of the basis, sentences are two-part, where both main members are present, or one is implied (incomplete) (night has come; where is he(omitted "is") ?) , and one-piece. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who it is about (doing my best(I am); go for a walk(we));
• indefinite-personal, expressed by the past tense verb in the plural (on the floor below they rustled; somewhere in the distance they sang);
• generalized personal, which attribute the action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you have to climb into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, implying no object (it got dark; it was very sorry for him; the room is cold).

Minor, but not less important

To give detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When parsing a sentence, they must also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread, respectively, without them - not widespread.

Complicated sentences are not difficult at all

Various plug-in components complete the offer by increasing the amount of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are already defined as a separate part, which goes as a separate item in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• stand-alone definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participial phrases (the kettle, heated on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (highlighted as a circumstance) are participial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking apprehensively, the dog stretched out its paw);
• homogeneous members sentences - perform the same function and always ask the same question (scattered on the floor(what?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) slept and walked(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mom and sister(homogeneous addition));
• an appeal to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; you, Andrey, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow, most likely, it will be hot).

How do you parse a sentence, considering all the components?

For parsing, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties when knowing all the above structures and components of the sentence. Among them, simple and complex stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different for them. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, covered with a golden carpet, city alleys fantastically shimmer.

1. Identify the main members. The basis should be one, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Highlight minor members: (when?) at the beginning of autumn- circumstance (what?) covered with a gold carpet- a separate definition, (how?) bizarrely- circumstance (what?) urban- definition.

3. Determine the parts of speech:

At the beginning of n. autumn noun covered with pr. golden adj. carpet noun , whimsical bunk. shimmer ch. urban adj. alleys n.

4. Describe the signs:

• the purpose of the statement (narrative, motivating, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamation, non-exclamation);
• by basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which one);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of minor (common, uncommon);
• complicated (if so, by what) or not complicated;

The characteristic of the given is non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.

This is how the full grammatical analysis of the sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is very logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian is ambiguous. Complex sentences for communication of simple ones are:

An example of parsing a compound sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends, everyone gathered together at one large table.

1. All the basics are highlighted. There are several of them in a complex sentence: each- subject, was busy- compound nominal predicate; all- subject, were going- predicate.
2. Identify parts of speech.

In the family n. , independently bunk. from pr. age noun , each pronoun. was ch. very plank. busy adj. , nose. on weekend pr. adj. all pronouns. were going to ch. for pr. great adj. table su SCH.

1. Reveal the existence of a union. Here - "but". So the proposal is allied.
2. It can be characterized by the position of the simple ones if there is a union (paragraph 2). This example is a complex sentence, the simple ones in it are equivalent (i.e., if you wish, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of a non-union, this item is not indicated.
3. Do general characteristics: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound.
4. Parse simple ones inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by the separate definition of “regardless of age”) a
• on weekends, everyone gathered at a large table

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of the subordinate union. It is also a part of it. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out in what way subordinate clauses (parentheses) are "attached" to it.

This is a kind of submission, not a mandatory item, but it is also often taken into account.

The main thing is to remember that grammatical and parsing- synonyms. The meeting of one of the words in the assignment should not be scary, since the topic is quite general and quickly assimilated. For foreigners, it is difficult because of the great variability, but that is why the Russian language is beautiful.

Sentence parsing is the parsing of a sentence by members and parts of speech. You can parse a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help you correctly formulate the written analysis of the sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral parsing.

Sentence parsing plan

1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex

2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.

3. By intonation: exclamation or non-exclamation.

4. Widespread or uncommon.

5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask questions WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine which part of speech it is expressed.

6. Determine the FAIRY. Ask questions WHAT DOES? etc. Underline the predicate and determine which part of speech it is expressed.

7. From the subject, ask questions to the secondary members of the proposal. Underline them and identify which parts of speech they are expressed. Write down phrases with questions.

8. From the predicate, ask questions to the secondary members. Underline them and identify which parts of speech they are expressed. Write down phrases with questions.

Sample Sentence Parsing

Already the sky was breathing in autumn, less often the sun shone.

This sentence is tricky First part:

(what?) the sky is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h, wed. r., nar., inanimate., 2 places., and. NS.
(what was doing?) breathed - predicate, expressed by the verb nesov. type., 2 sp., per unit. h., pros. vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in autumn - an addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., narits., inanimate., 3 places, so on.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in adverb

second part:

(what?) sun is a subject, expressed by a noun in singular. h, wed. r., nar., inanimate., 2 places., and. NS.
(what was doing?) shone - predicate, expressed by the verb nesov. type., 1 lit., per unit. h., pros. vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - the circumstance of the mode of action, expressed in adverb
shone (when?) - the circumstance of the time, expressed in adverb

An example of parsing a sentence

They flew obliquely in the wind, then fell vertically on the damp grass.

This sentence is simple.

(what?) they are the subject, expressed by the plural pronoun. h., 3 l., and. NS.
(what did you do?) flew - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-species, 1 sr., pl. h .. past. vr .. flew
(what did you do?) lay down - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-type, 1 sr., pl. h .. past. time ..
flew (how?) obliquely - the circumstance of the mode of action, expressed in adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - the circumstance of the mode of action, expressed in the adverb
lay down (how?) sheer - the circumstance of the mode of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - the circumstance of the place, expressed by the noun common, inanimate., in singular. h., w. r., 1 warehouse, in vp. with the pretext
grass (what?) raw - definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., f.r., w.p.

When working with various texts, many people need to parse the sentence on its composition. The implementation of such analysis usually presupposes that a person has appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services on the network that perform operations on parsing sentences online. After a thorough study of the rules for parsing different proposals for the composition, I decided to outline all my developments in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression "parsing a sentence by composition" is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case is called "parsing a sentence".

In this case, the specified parsing (in school it is also called "parsing by members") is usually performed as follows:

• Decide what the analyzed sentence is in terms of the purpose of its statement (narrative, interrogative, or has an incentive character);
• Indicate the emotional coloring of the sentence (it is exclamatory or non-exclamatory);
• Note the number of grammatical bases in this sentence (if the sentence is simple, then one stem, if it is complex - two or more);

If the sentence is simple:

Example simple sentence:

"It was an extraordinary autumn day!"

After syntactic analysis, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, not complicated.

If the sentence is complex:

• Decide on a connection in a complex sentence - union or non-union;
• Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, submissive, compositional;
• Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-union, compound, complex.

An example of a complex sentence:

"There were roses and lilies in the bouquet, but she liked tulips better."

After syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence is of a declarative nature, not exclamatory, complex, has an allied connection, complex. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words "roses and lilies were", it is widespread, and complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words "liked tulips", the sentence is widespread and not complicated.

Services for parsing the composition proposal online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures, and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for parsing text, the services presented on the network (of which there are not many) have rather weak capabilities for full-fledged parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for online semantic analysis (de facto they are practically not represented), I would single out the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its work.

1. To work with this service, go to the seosin.ru website.
2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate window and click on "Analyze".

Lexisrex.com

For lovers of English language parsing can be helped by the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com. Its capabilities allow you to analyze the proposal for its members. At the same time, this site also has other auxiliary tools for implementing different types linguistic analysis online.

1. To work with this resource, log in to lexisrex.com.
2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate window and click on the "Analyze" button.

Linguists' forums

In the parsing of a sentence online, you can turn to the help of the "human factor", and go to various forums of linguists (at the level of gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogs). Register there, ask your question, and you will definitely be helped.

Conclusion

The network resources that allow you to parse proposals on the composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. Nevertheless, there are several such tools on the web (most of them are in English), which make it easy to carry out the analysis of the text we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the necessary sentences, and conduct parsing online.

In contact with

Parsing a sentence is its full grammatical characteristic as a syntactic unit. He helps to correctly and accurately arrange them. It can be used to check the correctness of the use of punctuation marks. In addition, the parsing of the sentence helps to consolidate the knowledge on the topic "Syntax".

To parse a sentence, you need to know:

What is the difference between a sentence and a phrase;

What is the difference between simple and complex sentences;

What signs are characteristic for him: the purpose of the statement, intonation and semantic completeness,;

Types by the number of grammatical bases;

8. Determine the complicating components (complicated, uncomplicated. If complicated, then indicate what exactly).

Parsing a Complex Sentence

1. Parse the sentences by members, determine how they are expressed.

2. Indicate the purpose of the statement (interrogative, motivating, narrative).

3. Describe by emotional coloring(non-exclamation, exclamation).

4. By the presence of more than one grammatical basis, determine that it is difficult.

5. Indicate the type of syntactic connection (allied, non-allied, a combination of allied and non-allied).

6. Indicate its type (complex, complex, unionless) and the means of communication in it.

7. Indicate the type of complex sentence (what kind of complex or complex sentence).

8. After that, each part is characterized separately using the scheme of a simple sentence).

9. Draw up a diagram showing the connections between its parts.

EXAMPLE OF SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE Sentence:

Lilacs bloomed in our gardens.

-˖-~~~~~ ˖-˖-˖-˖-=======−−−−−−.

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, uncomplicated.

AN EXAMPLE OF SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF A COMPLICATED SENTENCE:

I loved him very much, and he answered me the same.

− − − ˖-˖-˖-˖ =======, −− − − =======− − − −.

Yes and.

The sentence is complex, narrative, non-exclamatory, consists of two parts, which are connected by intonation, the connecting conjunction "yes and" and separated by a comma.

The first part (I loved him very much): simple, narrative, two-part, widespread, uncomplicated.

The second part (He answered me the same): simple, narrative, two-part, widespread, uncomplicated.

REMEMBER!

Performing a syntactic analysis of a sentence that is part of a complex one, we omit its characteristics in terms of emotional coloring and the purpose of the statement.

Words and phrases are the components of each sentence in writing and in oral speech... To build it, one should clearly understand what kind of connection there should be between them in order to build a grammatically correct statement. That is why one of the important and difficult topics in school curriculum the Russian language is the parsing of the sentence. With such an analysis, a complete analysis of all the components of the statement is carried out and the connection between them is established. In addition, the definition of the structure of the sentence allows you to correctly place punctuation marks in it, which is quite important for every literate person. Usually, this topic begins with parsing simple phrases, and after children are taught to parse a sentence.

Parsing rules for phrases

Parsing a specific phrase taken out of context is relatively straightforward in the Russian syntax section. In order to produce it, they determine which of the words is the main one, and which is dependent, and determine which part of speech each of them belongs to. Next, you need to determine the syntactic relationship between these words. There are three of them:

• Harmonization is a kind of subordinate relationship in which gender, number and case for all elements of a phrase determines the main word. For example: a train moving away, a flying comet, a shining sun.
• Management is also a type of subordinate relationship, it can be strong (when the case relationship of words is necessary) and weak (when the case of the dependent word is not predetermined). For example: watering flowers - watering from a watering can; liberation of the city - liberation by the army.
• Adjacency is also a subordinate type of connection, however, it refers only to unchangeable and non-inflected words. Such words express dependence only in meaning. For example: riding, unusually sad, very scary.

An example of parsing phrases

The parsing of the phrase should look something like this: "speaks beautifully"; the main word is “speaks”, the dependent word is “beautiful”. This connection is determined by means of the question: says (how?) Beautifully. The word "speaks" is used in the present tense in the singular and third person. The word "beautiful" is an adverb, and therefore a syntactic connection is expressed in this phrase - adjoining.

Simple sentence parsing scheme

Parsing a sentence is a bit like parsing a phrase. It consists of several stages that will allow you to study the structure and relationship of all its constituent components:

1. First of all, the purpose of the statement of a single sentence is determined, they are all divided into three types: narrative, interrogative and exclamatory, or incentive. Each of them has its own sign. So, at the end of a narrative sentence telling about an event, there is a period; after the question, of course, there is a question mark, and at the end of the incentive - an exclamation mark.
2. Next, you should highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence - the subject and the predicate.
3. The next stage is the description of the structure of the sentence. It can be one-part with one of the main members or two-part with a full grammatical basis. In the first case, it is additionally necessary to indicate what exactly the sentence is by the nature of the grammatical basis: verb or noun. And then determine whether there are minor members in the structure of the statement, and indicate whether it is widespread or not. At this stage, you should also indicate whether the proposal is complicated. Complications are considered homogeneous members, addresses, turns and introductory words.
4. Further, the parsing of the sentence involves the parsing of all words according to their belonging to the parts of speech, gender, number and case.
5. The final stage is an explanation of the punctuation marks put in the sentence.

An example of parsing a simple sentence

Theory is theory, but without practice it is impossible to fix a single topic. That is why in the school curriculum a lot of time is devoted to syntactic analysis of phrases and sentences. And for training, you can take the simplest sentences. For example: "A girl was lying on the beach and listening to the surf."

1. The sentence is declarative and non-exclamatory.
2. The main members of the sentence: the girl - the subject, lay, listened - the predicates.
3. This proposal is two-part, complete and widespread. Homogeneous predicates act as complications.
4. Parsing all the words of the sentence:

• "Girl" - acts as a subject and is a feminine noun in the singular and nominative;
• "Lay" - is a predicate in a sentence, refers to verbs, has a feminine gender, singular and past tense;
• "Na" is a preposition, serves to connect words;
• "Beach" - answers the question "where?" and is a circumstance in a sentence expressed by a masculine noun in the prepositional case and the singular;
• "And" - a union, serves to connect words;
• "Listened" - the second predicate, a feminine verb in the past tense and the singular;
• "Surf" - in the sentence is an addition, refers to a noun, has a masculine gender, singular and is used in the accusative case.

Designation of parts of a sentence in a letter

When parsing phrases and sentences, conditional underscores are used, which indicate the belonging of words to one or another member of the sentence. So, for example, the subject is underlined with one line, the predicate - with two, the definition is denoted with a wavy line, the addition - with a dotted line, a circumstance - with a dotted line with a dot. In order to correctly determine which member of the sentence is in front of us, we should ask him a question from one of the parts of the grammatical base. For example, the definition answers the questions of the name of the adjective, the addition is determined by the questions of indirect cases, the circumstance indicates the place, time and reason and answers the questions: "where?" "where?" and why?"

Parsing a Complex Sentence

The order of parsing a complex sentence is slightly different from the above examples, and therefore should not cause any special difficulties. However, everything should be in order, and therefore the teacher complicates the task only after the children have learned to parse simple sentences. For the analysis it is proposed difficult statement, which has several grammatical foundations. And here you should adhere to the following scheme:

1. First, the purpose of the statement and the emotional coloring are determined.
2. Further, the grammatical foundations in the sentence are distinguished.
3. The next step is to define a relationship that can be done with or without a union.
4. Next, you should indicate through which connection the two are connected grammatical foundations in a sentence. It can be intonation, as well as compositional or subordinate unions... And immediately draw a conclusion what the sentence is: complex, complex or non-union.
5. The next stage of parsing is the parsing of the sentence by its parts. It is produced according to the scheme for a simple sentence.
6. At the end of the analysis, a proposal diagram should be built, on which the connection of all its parts will be visible.

Connecting parts of a complex sentence

As a rule, to link parts in complex sentences conjunctions and union words are used, before which a comma is necessarily placed. Such proposals are called allied. They are divided into two types:

• Compound sentences connected by conjunctions a, and, or, then, but... As a rule, both parts of such a statement are equal. For example: "The sun was shining and the clouds were floating."
• Complex sentences that use such conjunctions and union words: so that, how, if, where, where, since, although other. In such proposals, one part always depends on the other. For example: " Sun rays fill the room as soon as the cloud passes. "