When the crane is placed on the ground (Fig. 5, a), the mounted beams are stored next to the crane so as to ensure installation by turning the crane boom by 180 °. Installation of beams "from wheels" is possible without arrangement of beams storage at the construction site.

The beam intended for installation is slinged, lifted, by turning the crane boom, it is inserted into the span and smoothly lowered onto the supporting parts, then freed from the slinging devices. The crane is moved to a new position and the next beam is installed. The position of the crane and the location of the beams, prepared for installation, are selected in such a way as to ensure the minimum outreach of the crane jib and eliminate the need to move it with the load.

Rice. 5 - Installation diagrams of girder reinforced concrete superstructures with jib cranes: 1 - crane; 2 - traverse; 3 - installed beam; 4 - installed blocks spans; 5 - beams prepared for installation

If the lifting capacity of one crane is insufficient for installation, use two cranes lifting the beam from both ends at the same time. In this case, the mounted beam is located in front of the cranes. Raising it first at the minimum boom reach, the beam is introduced into the span and installed on supports, increasing the boom reach of the cranes. If the lifting capacity of the cranes does not allow the installation of the beam at the required boom reach, the assembled block is first lowered at the maximum possible boom reach, then the cranes move forward, the beam is raised again, repeating the operations performed.

Spans with jib cranes can be installed from the side (from the field) and from the front (Fig. 6). Slinging of blocks is carried out using standard and special slings and traverses. In this case, both slings and traverses must be calculated with a margin: slings - with 6 ... 8-fold, traverses - with 2-fold.

Rice. 6. Installation of superstructures with jib cranes:

a - with one crane from the parking lot along the axis of the bridge when turning by 180 °; b - with rotation and movement; c - from the side with a turn; d - from the side with lifting and moving; d - two taps; 1 - starting position; 11 - position of the cranes at the time of installation of the superstructure; 1 - superstructure block; 2 - crane; 3 - supports; 4 - axle of the bridge

The installation of spans on supports with cranes in whole or in large blocks has recently been widely used due to the appearance in construction organizations cranes of heavy lifting capacity, high productivity and relatively uncomplicated technology of work. The cranes used for these purposes can be divided into three groups: jib and gantry self-propelled, cantilever railway, floating. Each group of cranes has its own characteristics that affect the technology and organization of work.

To install spans on bridge supports, use self-propelled jib cranes on automobile, pneumatic, caterpillar and railway tracks.

When performing work, cranes can be placed at the top - on the carriageway of a bridge or embankment, as well as below - on the ground or floating equipment.

In the first case, the crane sets up a superstructure in front of itself with a long boom reach and therefore is not able to make the most of its lifting capacity; in the second, a crane located on the side of the axle of the bridge, in the immediate vicinity, installs the superstructures at the minimum boom outreach, having the highest lifting capacity.

It is recommended to install the superstructure with one crane from one parking lot and without changing the boom reach. If the lifting capacity of the crane is insufficient, it is possible to install with separate beams and combine them in the bridge span or install with two cranes. During the lifting and movement of the beams with two cranes, the chain hoists must constantly be in an upright position.

The ground in the area to be moved must be well planned and compacted. The permissible ground pressure when operating cranes on pneumatic wheels is 0.4 ... 0.5 MPa, and on crawler tracks - 0.2 ... 0.3 MPa. With insufficient bearing capacity soil under the crane is laid a flooring of wooden beds or reinforced concrete slabs.

Moving a crane with a load is not desirable for safety reasons and is allowed only if the mass of the superstructure (block) does not exceed 50% of the crane's lifting capacity at this, as a rule, minimum boom outreach. Moving with a load of road and rail cranes is not allowed.

Spans are slinged according to previously developed schemes with steel inventory slings, cables or traverses. The use of traverses reduces the height of the slinging and eliminates horizontal compressive forces in the lifted superstructure... When slinging steel cables in the girth under the slings in the corners of the bend of the cable, set and fix wooden lining or metal hemispheres from pieces of pipes with a diameter of 10 ... 15 cm, excluding damage to the superstructure and the cable.

The installation of the superstructure with boom cranes is carried out according to the approved projects of the work, which indicate the parking places and paths of movement of the cranes, the design of slinging devices and other devices, the procedure for lifting, turning and lowering the superstructure, the composition of the calculation (command) and other data necessary for high-quality and safe production of work.

Jib rail cranes without the device of intermediate supports, it is possible to install span structures up to 45.8 m long (Figure 5.1).

a- installation of a superstructure with solid main beams using a GEPK-130 crane; b- the same, with lattice main trusses, crane GEPK-130-17.5; v- the same, with the crane GEPK-130U; 1 - surcharge; 2 - slinging beam; 3 - additional pulley block. Dimensions in meters

Figure 5.1 - Installation diagrams of steel superstructures with cantilever slewing cranes

Jib railway cranes GEC-80 and GEPK-130 each have four working positions for installing and unloading blocks. Each working position is characterized by the height from the rail head to the bottom of the console at the beginning of the useful reach (for GEPK-130 to the bottom of the slinging beam), taking into account the spring settlement and the deflection of the boom from the maximum load.

In the working position with a suspended counterweight on an under-cantilever platform, the GEPK-130 crane without load has a load on one axis of the support platform of 280 kN (28 tf). When the crane's lifting capacity is fully utilized, the axle load reaches 420 kN (42 tf). The maximum load on the axis of the support platform of the GEC-80 crane when installing the largest block by weight is 345 kN (34.5 tf). Therefore, the path for the passage of the crane with the load must be strengthened and meet the requirements set out in table 5.1. In order to reduce the amount of work on the preparation of the crane runway, the length of the crane's working area should be reduced to 100 ... 150 m, if possible, by delivering the superstructure to the bridge on special bogies or railway platforms.

Table 5.1 - Characteristics of the track superstructure

Skipping the jib crane in the working position is allowed at a speed: no load up to 10 km / h (up to 8 km / h on new buildings), with a load up to 5 km / h (up to 3 km / h on new buildings). The work of a jib crane on railway tracks in operation can be carried out with the permission of the head of the track distance.

Before passing the jib crane, tracks in temporary operation must be thoroughly run-in until residual deformations stop. Running-in is performed with conventional rolling stock with an axle load of 220 ... 250 kN (22 ... 25 tf). The number of platform axles during running in must be at least eight, and the number of runs must be at least twenty. After elimination of the detected defects, an act of track readiness is drawn up.

Installation of superstructures on supports with cantilever cranes includes slinging the superstructure (separate beam), moving the crane with a load, lowering and installing the superstructure on the supporting parts, returning the crane behind the next superstructure (beam).

All-transportable superstructure length 18.0 ... 34.4 m, as a rule, are installed with a fully assembled bridge deck. When using the GEPK-130 crane, the superstructure for slinging can be placed on the sleeper cages on the side of the track outside the clearance. For the GEC-80 crane, the superstructure is prepared at the nearest station, a specially arranged dead end or on the side of the track near the bridge, followed by transverse movement under the crane boom.

Solid Beams superstructure with a length of 45 m comes from the factory in separate flat blocks, divided in length into two parts. The site for storage and pre-assembly of span structures for the full length is chosen as close as possible to the bridge on an area with a low embankment height. For unloading metal structures from platforms with jib railway cranes, as well as bringing the jib crane into working position, it is recommended to arrange a temporary dead end with a length of at least 60 m and a track spacing of 5 m.

The choice of places for slinging blocks and the mass of the counterweight is made taking into account the following conditions:

The load on the pulley blocks should not exceed the allowable one according to the crane's passport;

The load moment in the support section of the crane console should not exceed the permissible value;

To ensure the stability of the block suspended at two points, its center of gravity must be between the suspension points, and not closer than 0.02 of the block length from the extreme pulley block. With the total length of the superstructure equal to 45.8 m, this value should be at least 0.92 m. The slinging and installation scheme of such a superstructure is shown in Figure 5.1, a.

Continuous spans with a length of more than 45 m with jib cranes are installed in the span, dismembered along the length into two enlarged blocks. To support them and then unite in the span of the bridge, an intermediate temporary support is erected. The height of the temporary support is taken taking into account the provision of the construction lifting of the superstructure.

According to the conditions for the perception of assembly loads, the short block is installed first. At one end it rests on permanent supporting parts, the other on a metal cage located on a temporary support. The second block on a temporary support is installed on wooden wedges, with the help of which the holes are aligned when the blocks are combined into a single structure.

Spans installation with lattice main trusses... The lifting capacity of the GEPK-130 crane is sufficient for the installation of lattice superstructures with a ride downward of up to 44.8 m in length. The superstructures of 55 and 66 m in length are installed in the span divided into two blocks.

With a crane GEPK-130-17.5, which has a chain hoist base on the boom of 7 m, a span structure with a length of 44.8 m is installed using two cross beams and sling cables (Figure 5.1, b). The front pulley block is placed at a distance of 1.4 m from the center of gravity of the superstructure. To ensure the stability of the sling structure, an additional load weighing 14 tons is placed on the first panel from the crane.

When installing the superstructure with a GEPK-130U crane, it is suspended from the main chain hoist using a slinging shackle, a pick-up beam and slinging loops, and to the additional chain hoist - only using slinging loops (Figure 5.1, v). The main pulley block sling the superstructure over the longitudinal beams of the carriageway, and with the additional one over the lower belts (Figure 5.2, a b).

a- the main pulley block; b- auxiliary pulley block; 1 - crane console; 2 - the main pulley block; 3 - superstructure; 4 - transverse slinging beam; 5 - slinging cables; 6 - lining; 7 - additional pulley block; 8 - wooden beams; 9 - clamp; 10 - wooden spacer. Dimensions in meters

Figure 5.2 - Scheme of hanging a metal superstructure with a ride from the bottom to the console of the GEPK-130U crane

Figure 5.3 shows a schematic of the installation of a 66 m long superstructure using a GEPK-130U crane. To combine the blocks in the span of the bridge, a temporary support is erected. The space between the temporary and the main support from the side of the crane is blocked by a superstructure, onto which the crane comes with the first block. The second block is fed into the span after removing the temporary span. The initial connection of the blocks is made using mounting plugs and bolts. The unstitching of the second block is carried out only after connecting it with the first block with the calculated number of plugs and tie bolts.

Installation of steel superstructures using floating cranes significantly reduces the volume of auxiliary structures, labor costs and construction time. This method is widely used in the construction of bridges in the area of ​​large port cities, where it is possible to use serial floating cranes with a lifting capacity of 100, 200, 350 and 600 tf. These cranes are usually self-propelled and have the necessary maneuverability.

In the report card of some bridge units of the railway troops there is a floating demountable crane PRK-50 (PRK-80), and in a number of bridge-building organizations a floating crane PRK-100. These cranes can be delivered disassembled to construction sites by rail or on the ground by road.

1 - superstructure blocks; 2 - temporary support; 3 - temporary superstructure. Dimensions in meters

Figure 5.3 - Installation diagram of a steel superstructure with lattice main trusses with a jib crane GEPK-130U large blocks

The assembly of superstructures (or their blocks) is usually performed onshore in the area of ​​operation of a floating crane. With a small distance from the assembly site to the bridge, large blocks or the entire superstructure can be transported directly on the crane hook. In other cases, the block is loaded onto barges or pontoons, delivered to the bridge and installed by a floating crane on the supporting parts.

Fastening the crane in the river bed is carried out using inventory anchors, and at high water flow rates, weak or rocky soils of the river bottom - with cables for the bridge supports or special weight anchors (Figure 5.4). Movement of the crane near the bridge over short distances is carried out by the operation of anchor winches, over long distances the crane is moved by tug boats, pusher boats and other light vessels.

The erection of superstructures by floating cranes is carried out in accordance with the project for the production of work, which indicates the procedure for performing all operations, the duties of the performers and the safe conditions for the work.

1 - PRK-80 crane; 2 - pusher boat; 3 - self-propelled anchor winch; 4 - pier; 5 - superstructure; 6 - the place of the superstructure in the bridge layout

Figure 5.4 - Installation of the superstructure with a floating crane

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD No. 2

INSTALLATION OF STEEL CONCRETE
SPAN BUILDINGS WITH RIDING SURFACE
ON A BALLAST 23.6 m LONG
CONSOLE CRANE GEPK-130-17.5

For the development of projects for the production of work and the organization of labor at construction sites, the Orgtransstroy Institute has developed flow charts for "Installation of steel-reinforced concrete railway superstructures with a length of 23.6 m with a ride on top on ballast."

Comments and suggestions for improving these maps, please send to the Institute "Orgtransstroy" at the address: Moscow, 119034, 2nd Zachatyevsky per., Building 2, building 7.

CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE INSTITUTE

"ORGTRANSSTROY" (B. A. SKLYADNEV)

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD No. 2

INSTALLATION OF STEEL-CONCRETE SPAN BUILDINGS WITH A RIDING SURFACE ON A 23.6 m LONG BALLAST WITH A GEPK-130-17.5 CONSOLE CRANE

I. Scope

The technological map is developed on the basis of the methods of the scientific organization of labor and is intended for use in the development of projects for the production of work and the organization of labor on the construction of bridges.

The technological map provides for the installation on supports on straight sections of the track of metal superstructures with a reinforced concrete slab included in joint work with main beams. Spans (for basic data, see Table 1) were adopted according to the standard design of Giprotransmost, inv. No. 739/11. The metal part of the spans (see technological map No. I, Fig. 2) consists of two beams with a solid wall, interconnected by longitudinal and transverse ties.

The reinforced concrete slab is designed as a precast. The joining of the slabs to the main beams is carried out by connecting the metal embedded parts of the slabs with the upper chords of the main beams with high-strength bolts.

Aggregate assembly of the superstructure should be carried out at the assembly site in accordance with the technology provided for in the technological map "Arrangement of a prefabricated reinforced concrete roadway on steel-reinforced concrete railway superstructures with a length of 23.6 m with ballast ride on top" at the assembly site located on the approach to the bridge under construction or at the nearest split point.

The installation of the superstructures is provided by the GEPK-130-17.5 jib crane (Fig. 7), technical specifications which is given in table. 2.

estimated, m ............................................... ........................................... 28

working, m ............................................... ............................................... 29

Cantilever dimensions, m:

smallest (I working position) ............................................ ........ 2.70

largest (IV working position) ............................................ ...... 5.03

Maximum lifting capacity of the crane, t ............................................. . 130 (140)

Distance from the chain hoist to the automatic coupler axis, m .................................... 13.9; 20.9

Removal of the chain hoist away from the main track, m .................................. 5,3

Gross weight of the crane train, t ............................................ ................ 699

Counterweight mass, t:

recoil ................................................. ................................................ 63

suspension................................................. .............................................. 43

Length of crane train, m ............................................. .......................... 118.4

Lateral stability coefficient ............................................... . 2.37

longitudinal own ................................................ ........................... 2.75

The supporting parts for the superstructures (the characteristics of the supporting parts are presented in Table 3) were adopted according to the standard design of Giprotransmost inv. No. 583 (type II).

Table 3

Characteristics of the supporting parts

The technological map was developed for a three-span bridge with spans of 23.6 m.

When linking the map to local construction conditions, the scope of work is specified with a corresponding adjustment of labor costs and material and technical resources.

II. Manufacturing process guidelines

Before the start of the main work on the installation of steel-reinforced concrete superstructures, the following preparatory work must be performed:

On the way to the bridge under construction, an assembly site should be arranged (Fig. 8);

Rice. 7. Diagram of the GEPK-130-17.5 crane in working position:

1 - basic structure of the crane; 2 - console; 3 - support platforms; 4 - retractable counterweight; 5 - suspended counterweight; 6 - rear sub-console platforms; 7 - slinging beam; 8 - transverse slinging beam; 9 - superstructure

Rice. 8. Layout of the installation site:

1 - temporary dead end; 2 - jib crane GEPK-130-175; 3 - locomotive; 4 - spans; 5 - sub-console platforms; 6 - gondola cars with rubble; 7 - a locomotive; 8 - track superstructure materials; 9 - abutment of the bridge

A temporary dead end has been laid at the assembly site for the installation of two under-cantilever platforms after the cantilever crane has been brought into working position, as well as for placing open wagons with gravel for ballasting the track on the bridge;

Spans, brought up and unloaded on the flyover along the main track, must be assembled, roadway slabs, sidewalk slabs, railings installed;

Standard permanent viewing devices are installed on the supports (Fig. 9), which are used as scaffolds when installing span structures (or the supports were equipped with suspended scaffolds);

From the separate point to the place of work, a rail car was sent to roll out two under-cantilever platforms from under the front console of the crane (Fig. 10) and the crane was delivered in transport position.

The ballasting and laying of the railway track on the installed superstructures is carried out by a team of track fitters involved during the installation. The work of this team is not included in the technological map.

Work on the installation of superstructures is performed in the following sequence:

Support parts are installed in the design position;

The crane is brought into working position;

Rope the superstructure;

The superstructure is transported and installed on the supporting parts to the design position;

They check the installation of the superstructure on the supporting parts, unstrap it, raise the sling beam, return the crane behind the next superstructure.

Rice. 9. Inspection devices on supports:

1 - bridge support; 2 - reinforced concrete beams; 3 - reinforced concrete floor slabs; 4 - handrail posts; 5 - handrails; 6 - railing filling

Rice. 10. Scheme of the organization of work on the delivery of ballast to the bridge:

a - layout diagram of the locomotive and the GEPK-130-17.5 console crane before the start of work; b - a diagram of the rolling out of the cantilever platforms from under the front console of the crane; c - scheme of supplying gondola cars with rubble to a temporary dead end; d - a diagram of the supply of gondola cars with crushed stone to the bridge; 1 - railway track; 2 - temporary dead end; 3 - a locomotive; 4 - jib crane GEPK-130-17.5; 5 - locomotive; 6 - spans; 7 - sub-console platforms; 8 - gondola cars with rubble

The supporting parts are installed in the design position on the sub-farm platforms that are verified in terms of level and ruler.

The rubbing surfaces of the bearing parts are thoroughly cleaned and rubbed with graphite before installation. The installation of the support parts is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the project.

Bringing the crane to its working position is performed by a team of the crane together with a team of installers of the structure on a straight horizontal section of track with ballast well padded for sleepers.

When the crane is brought into working position, the following main works are performed: connecting the electric cables from the power station car to the crane; disconnecting the stops of the sliding counterweight; bringing jacks into working position; lifting and sliding consoles to the basic structure of the crane; connection of consoles to the basic structure with bolts and butt plates; lifting of slinging beams with extraction of slack in the cables of cargo winches, lifting of the basic structure of the crane; bringing the jacks to the transport position, rolling out the under-cantilever platforms from the crane console to a temporary dead end, while at the beginning the platforms are fed by the crane to the dead end arrow and rolled into the dead end, and then the crane is fed back, and the platforms are pulled back to the dead end by the railroad car (see Fig. 10).

Maintenance of crane mechanisms, control of the console, maintenance of the power plant of the crane is carried out by the crane team. The work is supervised by the head of the crane.

The slinging work is carried out in stages:

Lower the rear slinging beam, sling a fixed counterweight to it and raise it;

Turn the crane console towards the superstructure, lower the front slinging beam and sling the superstructure using a slinging device;

The movable counterweight is moved to the rear position, the superstructure is raised and the crane arm is turned in the direction of the axis of the main track;

Move and finally install the movable counterweight.

Load slinging and crane winches are supervised by the crane manager. He also supervises the installation of the superstructure.

The slinging of the superstructure is carried out using a slinging device, the rods of which are passed through the holes reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway, provided for by the project for the production of works.

Since the distance between the culverts through which the rods are passed is greater than the distance between the rods of the main traverse, it is necessary to provide a transverse slinging beam (suspended from the main, slinging beam) in the slinging device design, the rods of which are located at a distance of 3.3 m.

In all cases, after lifting the superstructure to a height of 5 cm, further lifting is stopped in order to check the correctness and reliability of slinging and the position of the load. Chief Engineer or a foreman appointed by the management.

The lifting of the superstructure can be continued only if the check results are positive.

The superstructure is lifted to a height that provides a gap of at least 1.5 cm between the bottom of the suspended load and the level of the rail head when the crane passes along the concave sections of the track profile.

The movement of the jib crane in the working position on the track section located on a freshly dumped embankment is allowed only after it has been compacted by running in a locomotive and loaded wagons with an axle load of at least 20 tf, and on track sections within the freshly dumped cones - after laying half sleepers between the sleepers with careful their padding.

The procedure for moving the crane over the mounted superstructures is established by the project for the production of works.

The speed of a crane with a load to the installation site along straight sections and along curves with a radius of 300 m and more is allowed no more than 5 km / h, along curves with a radius of less than 300 m - 3 km / h.

To ensure accurate installation of the crane, the following measures must be taken in advance:

One brake shoe (rear brake shoes) is installed on both rail lines at the end of the track;

On both lines of the rails, paint marks are applied in the places where the second pair of shoes is installed (front brake shoes);

For preliminary orientation of the driver about the exact location of the crane, a red disc is installed on the right edge of the track (in the direction of the crane's movement). The driver must be familiar with the relative position of the disc and the locomotive at the moment the crane runs over the front brake shoes.

The crane is fed to the superstructure installation site by a locomotive at a minimum speed. The crane travels the last part of the journey on its own without the aid of a locomotive.

The accuracy of stopping the crane should be within 10 cm. When the crane is forced to stop at a distance of less than 2 m from the rear brake shoes, it is prohibited to move the crane further after stopping. In this case, the crane must be retracted at a distance of 3 - 5 m.

The driver must ensure immediate braking of the crane (locomotive) at the moment the crane hits the shoes.

When feeding the crane down a slope of more than 0.008, the crane must be stopped at a distance of at least 5 m from the rear brake shoes and finally installed.

After the final alignment of the installed superstructure, it is unlinked and the jib crane returns to the construction site.

The expansion joint between the spans is covered with a steel sheet (Fig. 11). Ballasting and track arrangement on the superstructure is performed by a team of track fitters.

Rice. 11. Overlapping of expansion joints when mating spans:

a - section along the roadway slab; b - section along the sidewalk slab; 1 - steel sheet; 2 - pin

During the installation of the superstructure in the first span, gondola cars with rubble for ballasting the track on it are fed to a dead end. To supply crushed stone to the bridge, the jib crane (after installing the superstructure into the span) is driven off to the dead end arrow, and gondola cars with crushed stone are fed to the bridge by the railroad car. During the installation of the superstructure in the second span, empty gondola cars return to the station, and gondola cars with rubble are fed to the dead end for ballasting the track in the second and third spans, similar maneuvers are performed.

After installing all the superstructures, the jib crane is moved from the working position to the transport position.

When installing steel-reinforced concrete superstructures with a GEPK-130-17.5 jib crane, one should be guided by the following documents:

1. SNiP III-43-75. Bridges and pipes. Rules for production and acceptance of works. "

2. SNiP III-A.11-70. "Safety in construction"

3. "Safety regulations and industrial sanitation during the construction of bridges and pipes", M., Orgtransstroy, 1969.

4. "Safety instructions when working on jib cranes" and the corresponding sections "Crane operating instructions", L., Lengiprotransmost, 1971.

5. "The rules of the device and safe operation hoisting cranes ", M.," Transport ", 1974.

6. "Instructions for ensuring the safety of train traffic during the production of track works", M., "Transport", 1966.

7. "Instructions for signaling on railways Union of the SSR ", M.," Transport ", 1971.

Safety instructions

Before sending the crane to the place of work, it is necessary to check the technical condition of the crane and its rolling stock, including auto brakes and coupling devices.

Moving a crane with technical malfunctions that threaten traffic safety is not allowed.

It is prohibited to suspend the superstructure to the crane until the crane is inspected after it has been brought into working position.

When a crane with a load enters the assembled superstructure, the presence of people on the superstructure and near the crane is not allowed, the movement of the crane should be carried out in small feeds of 3 - 5 m at the command of the crane manager.

At a distance of at least 1 m from the end of the rail track, special metal stops are installed, which are included in the crane kit.

While the jib crane is operating on the bridge, careful monitoring of the condition of the superstructures should be carried out, it should not be skewed, swayed, etc.

When installing a structure with a jib crane, it is prohibited to use braces attached to the structure to be installed and going to the winches outside the crane.

When lowering the superstructure, the presence of people on it or under it is prohibited, the admission of workers to the support platforms for the precise installation of the superstructure is allowed only if it is positioned in a plan close to the design one, without distortions and with a gap between the installed beam and the support platforms no more than 10 cm.

It is prohibited to operate the crane in winds exceeding 6 points (12 m / s), as well as during heavy rain, thunderstorms, snowstorms, ice, dust storms.

In all cases of crane operation, when the load is in the raised position, the operator must not leave the control panel.

III. Work organization guidelines

It is advisable to carry out work on the installation of superstructures with a cantilever crane during the daytime (in the dark, the work site should be illuminated). The work is carried out by a team of structural fitters consisting of 6 people: 6 digits. - 1; 5 bit - 1; 4 bit - 2; 3 bit - 2.

The composition is selected on the basis of the performance of all operations for the installation of superstructures by one team.

After installing the superstructure, the track fitters are laid on it.

The jib crane is operated and serviced by a crane crew of 5 people: crane driver (operator) 6 bit. - 1, power plant driver 6 bit. - 1; electrician 5 bit - 1; locksmith 5 bits - 1; rigger 6 bit - 1. The head of the crane is in charge of this brigade.

The general management of work with a jib crane is entrusted to the head (chief engineer) of the bridge-building organization.

Moving the crane in the process of work, as well as slinging of the superstructure and the operation of the crane winches is supervised by the head of the crane. He also monitors the rise and fall of the superstructure.

The installation of the support parts in the design position is carried out under the supervision of the foreman by a team of assemblers of structures in full force (2 people for each support part). In this case, the installer is 6 bit. works with a 3-bit installer, 5-bit installer with installer 3 bits, 2 installers 4 bits work together.

The support parts are cleaned with metal brushes, and straightened with crowbars. Control over the alignment of the reference parts along the axes and marks is carried out by a surveyor. A team of installers works consistently on all supports during 1 shift. In the next shift, the installer is 6 bit. with installer 3 bit make a control check of the correctness of the installation of the supporting parts, seal the seam between the plate of the supporting part and the sub-truss platform with cement mortar, protecting the cement filling from blowing out and install aprons on the supporting parts.

The rest of the brigade, consisting of 4 people. (5 pits - 1; 4 pits - 2; 3 pits - 1) together with the crane crew bring the jib crane from the transport position to the working position.

All work on bringing the jib crane from transport to working position and then from working to transport is performed under the guidance of the crane manager.

The connection of cables from the power station car to the crane and platforms is carried out by an electrician 5 razr. from the crane crew and two installers of structures 5 and 3 bits.

Disconnection of the stops of the sliding counterweight with loosening of the fasteners is performed by a locksmith 5 bits. from the crane crew and 2 installers of structures 4 and 3 of dig.

Works performed in parallel on both crane consoles (bringing the jacks into working position, lifting the consoles with electric jacks and sliding them to the base structure with rack-and-pinion jacks, connecting the consoles to the basic structure of the crane with butt plates and bolts, lifting the sling beams with sampling the slack of the cables of the cargo winches, lifting the base structures of the crane) are made on one side by a mechanic 5 bits. from the crane crew with installers 5 and 3 bits. and on the other hand - a rigger 6 bit. from a crane crew with two installers 4 bit.

The crane driver (operator) carries out from the control panel all operations related to the operation of the winches.

Small work performed in the process of bringing the crane into working position is carried out at the direction of the head of the crane by individual workers.

The installation of the superstructures is carried out by a team of installers of structures in full strength, which is divided into two links of 3 people each: one link includes installers of 6 raz. - 1.; 4 bit - 1, 3 bits - 1, and the other - installers 5 bits. - 1, 4 bits - 1, 3 bits - 1.

The links work in parallel at the ends of the superstructure. The slinging of the superstructure is carried out simultaneously from both sides. When transporting the superstructure to the installation site, the links are located along the crane train on both sides and accompany it to the bridge. After the exact stop of the crane and the lowering of the superstructure to a height at which the gap between the bottom of the superstructure and the top of the supporting parts is no more than 10 cm, the links are distributed over the supports and carry out accurate installation and alignment of the superstructure position. At the end of the installation of the superstructure, the installers of the structures are transferred to another job until the end of the 3rd and 6th shifts.

Work on the overlapping of expansion joints is carried out by six installers of structures (6 digits - 1, 5 digits - 1, 4 digits - 2, 3 digits - 2), who bring and install the floor sheet along the roadway slab.

After the installation of the third superstructure, the team installs the sheets on two expansion joints.

Bringing the jib crane to the transport position is carried out by the crane team, to which the structure installers are attached.

Lowering the crane from the working position to the transport position is carried out by jacks alternately from each end of the base structure.

At one end of the base structure, a locksmith 5 digits works. from the crane crew and one assembler each 5; 4 and 3 bits; at the other end there is a 6-bit rigger. from the crane crew and one assembler each 6; 4 and 3 bits.

This distribution remains for other dismantling operations (securing the sling beams to the platforms, detaching the consoles from the base structure and securing the consoles to the platforms), which are performed in parallel at both ends of the crane.

The crane driver (operator) is at the control panel and carries out all operations related to the operation of the winches.

All work on disconnecting and cleaning the power supply cables and securing the crane equipment for transportation is performed by the entire crane team and four structural installers at the direction of the crane manager.

IV. Schedule of work on the installation on the supports of three spans with a length of 23.6 m with a jib crane GEPK-130-17.5

Legend: ____ - work of a team of assemblers; _ _ _ _ - the work of the crane crew

Notes. The numbers above the lines indicate the number of workers, below the lines - the duration of work in hours.

V. Calculation of labor costs for the installation of three spans with a length of 23.6 m

	Code of norms	Name of works	Link composition	unit of measurement	Scope of work	Per unit		For the full scope of work
						time norm, man-h	rate, rubles-kopeck	labor costs, man-h	cost of expenses, rubles-kop.
		Bringing the GEPK-130 crane to the working position	Structural installers:
			Crane crew
	§ 5-4-15 No. 1, 2 a and b	Installation of support parts	Structural installers:	One support piece
		movable
		motionless
		Installation of beams (superstructures) with a GEPK-130 crane on supports	Structural installers:	One beam (one span)
			Crane crew
	Local regulations Mostootryad No. 10 Mostotrest	Overlapping expansion joints	Structural installers:
		Bringing the GEPK-130 crane to the transport position	Structural installers:
			Crane crew
		Total: for structural installers
		for the crane crew
		crane operation
		Total (people-days, car-shifts)

Vi. Main technical and economic indicators

The name of indicators	unit of measurement	According to the calculation A	Schedule B	By what percentage is the indicator according to the schedule more (+) or less (-) than according to the calculation
Labor costs of structural installers
The same for 1 rm. m bridge
Average category of workers
Average daily wage one worker
Jib crane time

Vii. Material and technical resources

A. Basic materials, semi-finished products, parts and structures

B. Machinery, equipment, tools, inventory

Name	Brand, GOST	Quantity
Console crane	GEPK-130-17.5
Inventory lashing devices
Spanners
Metal brushes
Tape measures 10 and 20 m long
Steel meters
Theodolite

VIII. Operational quality control chart

Installation of a steel-reinforced concrete superstructure with a length of 23.6 m in the span with a jib crane GEPK-130-17.5

Note. Thickness cement mortar under the base plate must be within 10 - 25 mm.

Intermediate support diagram

SNiP III-43-75

	Basic operations to be controlled	Preparation of installation sites for superstructures	Installation of superstructures
	Control composition	Position of sub-farm pads, installation of support parts	The position of the superstructure when installing it on the supporting parts
	Method and means of control	Instrumental, level, theodolite, steel tape	Visual, instrumental, theodolite, steel tape measure
	Mode and scope of control	Permanent, each bearing part	Each superstructure
	Person in control of the operation	Foreman, surveyor	Chief Engineer of SMEs, Surveyor
	Person in charge of organizing and exercising control	Chief Engineer SME
	Services involved for control	Geodetic Service	Geodetic Service
	Where are the control results recorded?	Work journal, form 1.1	Installation work log, form 6.1. Geodetic inspection report, form 2.4. Acceptance certificate of mounted superstructures, form 5.38

Pdf format

The procedure for the production of work:

The general procedure for installing the superstructure is as follows

Delivery of the superstructure elements is carried out to the place of work from the temporary storage areas by road.

Enlargement assembly is carried out between 12-15 tracks using the railway. crane KDE-251. The crane works from track No. 15, when relieved stress in the contact network and its branch towards the 16th track.

The crane works on outriggers with outreaches: 4.5-9m. The maximum weight of the load (flat truss) is 6t. The enlarged installation is carried out in the following sequence:

Support cages are arranged under the lower chords of the trusses and under the cross beams in the lower chords of the trusses.

Cross beams are installed on the cages.

A flat truss (farthest from the crane) is fed to the cages and mounting bolted joints with cross beams are assembled without removing the slings. From the outside, the truss is fixed with struts with clamps.

The sling is removed (track No. 12 is also closed at the same time).

Additionally, the transverse beams are loaded from the ends opposite from the truss plane with a load (for example, FBS blocks) as an obstacle to overturning.

A second flat truss is fed and the assembly bolted connections are made.

Installation in the design position of the enlarged part of the superstructure is carried out by an automobile crane "ilieberger" ITM-1350.

The crane operates in this parking lot with boom 1. = 40.2m, on outriggers with a base: 8930x8530, with counterweights, with a total weight of 140t, at an outreach of -22 / 25m. The lifting capacity of the crane is 41 / 35t, the weight of the block being lifted is -30t.

Installation in the design position is carried out in the "window", with the closure of the movement of trains on 11 and 12 railways. paths, with the removal of voltage in the contact network, lasting 7 hours.

Tracks No. 15 and 16 are closed with the removal of voltage in the contact network 3-5 days before the "window" for the installation of the span for the possibility of installing a temporary support between the paths 15-16 and open 3-5 days after the "window" (after its disassembly ).

The need for the necessary machines and mechanisms

 Truck crane "Liebherr" LTM-1500 (lifting capacity-500 t) …………. 1 PC

 Truck crane "Liebherr" LTM-1350 (lifting capacity-350 t) …………. 1sh

 Truck crane "Liebherr" LTM-1200 (lifting capacity-200 t) …………. 1 PC

 Truck crane "Liebherr" LTM-1090 (lifting capacity 90 t) ……… ..…. 1 PC

 Railway crane "Sokol-80.1" as part of the household. trains …………… ........... 1 piece

 Mobile platform as part of households. trains No. 3. ……. ……… 1pc

 Railway crane KDE-251 ……………………………… .. ……………………………… .. 1 piece

 Drezina ADM ECHK …………………………………………………………………… .1pc

 Mobile power plant with a capacity of 40 kW ……… .. ……… ..1pc