Restoration of seats under the bearings of large diameters. Three methods for restoring the bearing seat
Recovery using metal-plates under the bearings by plying.
The essence of this method is that the process of restoring the landing place is combined with the assembly operation of the bearing assembly. As a result, a fixed bearing and shaft compound (bearing housing) is formed, which is many times superior in its strength characteristics recommended in such cases of landing with a tension that more reliably protects the bearing rings from the gross, eliminating the appearance of wear and providing more reliable operation of the node. At the same time, plying, unlike landing with tension, does not lead to the appearance of stresses and deformations of the bearing rings, which also contributes to more comfortable work.
To disassemble the bearing assembly restored in this way, it is necessary to heat the metal flux in the place of the layer of the metal flux to the temperature above 300 0s or burn it, for example, using a gas burner.
The main stages of the process of restoring seats using inserts.
I.Restoration of seats with minor (up to 0.25 ÷ 0.3 mm in diameter), uniform wear (without prior mechanical processing restored surface).
1. Prepare a restored surface in accordance with the general recommendations (clean from dirt, oil, etc., give roughness elaborate paper, degrease).
2. Wipe and degrease the planting surface of the bearing.
3. Conduct the control assembly: the bearing should be installed on the landing place quite easily, without significant effort.
4. Protect the bearing separator by sticking with a sticky ribbon or a tape from possible to enter it with a metal flux in plying.
5. Prepare the necessary dose of metal flock.
6. Apply a shaft (housing) seat or metal flue layers, carefully wetting the surface to be restored.
7. Loss, literally wetting, thin layer of metal bottle of bearing seat.
8. Install the bearing on the shaft (in the housing), thoroughly pressing it to restrictive browns, bushings, locking rings.
9. Remove the extinct excess metal flux, clean the unprotected places on the shaft (in the housing) with a random item on them, remove the protection from the separator.
10. After the polymerization of the metal, the node is ready for further operation.
Note:
With the specified wear values, the bearing centering relative to the shaft (housing) in the stuffing process is provided by both metal filler particles entering the gap and in addition methods, for example: the preliminary core of the surface being restored (it is usually sufficient to raise the surface being supported when inserted), with centers relative to other parts etc.
2. Restoration of seats with minor (up to 0.1 ÷ 0.15 mm in diameter) wear.
When the shafts (enclosures) with a value of wear are less than 0.1 ÷ 0.15 mm in the diameter (the size of the gap is comparable with the size of the filler particles), it is necessary to produce a preliminary boring of the seating area by 0.5 ÷ 1.0 mm, with cutting "ribbon thread" or grooves. To ensure, when plying the centering of the bearing, the boring is carried out with leaving the belt at the edges of the landing place and at its length (the overall width of the belt should not exceed 50% of the entire gluing surface) - see Figure 1.
font-Size: 11.0PT; font-face: arial "\u003e Fig. 1. Recovery by means of water plates on the shaft by the method of plying bearing:
D Mr. - D 1 \u003d 0.1 ÷ 0.15 mm;
D 1 - d 2 \u003d 0.5 ÷ 1.0 mm;
I. - Slices of "torn thread" or ring grooves.
The remaining restoration steps are similar to operations under paragraph 1.
3. Restoration of seats with significant (over 0.5 ÷ 1.0 mm in diameter) and uneven wear.
When restoring the method of stuffing places with significant and uneven wear, the issues of centering and ensuring the coaxialness of the bearing and shaft (bearing housing) are of particular importance. These problems can be solved in the following ways.
1. On the worn surface along the forming lines, metal gaskets of various thicknesses are installed (approximately 0.05 ÷ 0.08 mm thinner wear in this place) in the form of narrow metal strips, superior to the length of wear. The free ends of these bands are fixed with sticky ribbon, thread, etc. next to the place of insertion (preferably on the tree plot with a smaller diameter). The bearing control unit is performed (the bearing must be installed on the landing space fairly easy, without significant effort). After that, a metal-polymer is applied to the place of wear (places under the gaskets are also missing). Installed bearing. After the polymerization of the metal - the jamming ends of the gaskets are cut.
2. Small wear in diameter with welding are applied point (To avoid overheating of the shaft) in the form of rings. After that, their groove is produced to the rated planting diameter of the bearing. The bearing control installation is performed. After that, the patches are made according to the schemes described above.
3. On the worn surfaces, a duty is performed for installing two or more centering rings. Rings (cut) are fixed in the prepared grooves with welding or plying with a metal flux. Set rings Touch to the landing nominal bearing diameter. Next, plying is made according to the schemes described above.
Other methods for centering the bearing can also be used in the process of restoring the seating by the method of inserts using metal-polymer.
Attention!
When restoring the stuffing places under the bearings before applying the metal, it is necessary to protect the available oil channels with a sticky ribbon, tape.
Patent owners RU 2296660:
The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to methods for restoring planting places of rolling bearings. Disassemble the bearing assembly, carry out the treatment of the surface places deformed when using the binding of the surface places. On the treated with solutions, the deformed surface of the bearing seats is applied crystallizing at a temperature of 70 ° C and melted at temperatures above 340 ° C molten reducing material. Recovery material has viscous properties and strength-mechanical characteristics corresponding to the material of the bearing seats. Then heated the bearing in oil to a temperature of 80-90 ° C. We assemble the bearing assembly by installing a preheated bearing on its seats. As a result, the costs are reduced and the complexity decreases repair work.
The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and other industries, where rolling bearings are used under large loads, leading to deformation of the rolling bearings.
There is a method for restoring worn crankshaft shafts, which mechanically processes necks with technological plug in the body of the surface being restored on the entire width between the cheek's cheeks with the formation of cartoons and the subsequent heat treatment of the crankshaft. Fastened on the treated necks compensating for metal lining in the form of a split ring or half-colts by welding their joints. The welded seams are located in the zone bounded by 25-50 ° the rotation of the crankshaft from the top of the dead point, and the second seam, when using a half-trailer, are relative to the first one with a rotation of 180 °. Cooled weld to temperature ambient, providing the tension of the split ring 0.1 ... 0.15 mm. When using a split ring in it performed through holes diameter 5-7 mm. The first boil the hole of the split ring with a neck shaft, which is located opposite the weld, and the rest of the holes boil, symmetrically approaching welded seamthat will increase the fatigue strength of the crankshaft to the level new Detail With the simultaneous restoration of worn necks in the nominal size.
A known method of repairing a bearing assembly, including disassembly, defecting parts, picking in the form of an installation on the landing surface of the outer ring of the worn bearing of two locally-diametrically opposite plates and assembly. The thickness of the plates is determined by the formula SC \u003d SR + SU, where SC is the total thickness of the plates; SR is a radial clearance in a worn bearing; SU - Clearance in connection The housing hole is the outer ring of the bearing, taking into account the wear. The length of each local plate is determined by the estimated path.
The disadvantages of the method are high costs and labor intensity of repair work.
There is a method for restoring the worn surfaces of the shafts of the sliding bearings, which consists in the heating of the hardening zone of the part with a binder pre-applied to it (for example, from a paste from the material of the material) in the inductor of high frequency currents before moltening the binder and surfacing it in the place of wear of the part compensating for it Wearing, characterized in that it is carried out by heating the worn surface of the part to a temperature greater than 50-100 ° C with the temperature of the Critical point of the AC 3, and further produce a cooling surface of the worn part with the speed of its quenching, and the material with temperature is used as a binder. Melting, not exceeding the temperatures of the product material.
The disadvantages of the method are high costs and labor intensity of repair work.
Closest technical decisionAdopted for the prototype is the method of restoration of crankshafts by increasing the worn surface of the sliding supports, which is implemented by the guilt of the neck of the indigenous and connecting crankshaft axes of the cutting sleeves from the material with high resistance to abrasion, welded along the line of their cuts in a dense adjacent to the surface of the shaft neck, lubricated before contacting with split sleeves special glue or sealants.
The disadvantage of the method are high costs and labor intensity of work.
Comparison of the proposed solution with a prototype and similar solutions known from the existing level of technology, makes it possible to establish its compliance with the criteria for the patentability "novelty" and "inventive level".
The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the costs and labor intensity of maintaining repair work on the restoration of landing places of rolling bearings.
The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for restoring the rolling bearings, includes disassembling the bearing assembly, the treatment of the surface plates and the assembly of the bearing assembly when using the surface of the invention, on the processed solutions, the deformed surface of the bearing seats is applied crystallizing when 70 ° C temperature and melted at temperatures over 340 ° C molten reducing material with viscous properties and strength-mechanical characteristics corresponding to the material of the bearing seats, then heated the bearing in oil to a temperature of 80-90 ° C and assemble the bearing assembly by installing a preheated Bearing on its landing places.
The essence of the implementation method is as follows.
The deformed surface of the bearing planting the bearing was applied to the deformed solutions of the bearing, and then the bearing preheated in its landing place is installed. The bearing is heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C and, thereby, it is reduced to heat the reduction material to a temperature of 70 ° C, at which the latter crystallizes and dials the strength-mechanical characteristics of the planting place material.
The proposed method allows to reduce equipment downtime, costs and laboriousness when restoring the rigging bearings.
Literature
1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 94019772. Ponurovsky A.A. Ponurovsky A.A. The restoration method of crankshafts and their sliding bearings. IPC B23R 6/00. Fast. 1994.05.26. Publ. 1996.09.10. Reg. №94019772 / 02.
2. Patent of the Russian Federation №2235009. The method of repairing the bearing assembly. / Usov V.V. Seregin A.A. Tymoshenko A.N. Sergey V.V. IPC B23P 6/00. Fast. 2001.02.21. Publ. 2002.09.20. Reg. №2001105022 / 02.
3. Patent of the Russian Federation №2189298. The method of repairing the bearing assembly / mustache V.V. Seregin A.A. Tymoshenko A.N. Sergey V.V. IPC B23R 6/00. Fast. 2001.02.21. Publ. 2002.09.20. Reg. №2001105022 / 02.
4. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 95117550. A method for restoring worn seating surfaces of shafts for sliding bearings. / Ulitovsky B.A., Skrabak B.C., Ulovsky S.B., Shkrabak R.V., Polishko G.Yu. IPC B23R 6/00. Fast. 1995.10.17. Publ. 1997.10.20. Reg. №95117550 / 02.
5. RF RF №2105650. The method of restoring worn seating surfaces of the shafts of sliding bearings. / Ulitovsky B.A., Skrabak B.C., Ulovsky S.B., Shkrabak R.V., Polishko G.Yu. IPC B23R 6/00. Fast. 1995.10.17. Publ. 1998.02.27. Reg. №95117550 / 02.
The method for restoring the rigging bearing places, which includes dismantling the bearing assembly, the treatment of the surface plates deformed when using the surface of the landing spaces with solutions and assembly of the bearing assembly, characterized in that the deformed surface of the bearing seats is applied crystallizing at 70 ° C and melting at temperatures above 340 ° С Melted reducing material with viscous properties and strength-mechanical characteristics corresponding to the material of the bearing seats, then heated the bearing in oil to a temperature of 80-90 ° C and assemble the bearing assembly by installing the heated bearing onto its seats.
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The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to methods for restoring planting places of rolling bearings
Landing
The importance of proper landing
If the rolling bearing with the inner ring is planted on the shaft only with the tension, a dangerous ring slip can occur between the inner ring and the shaft. This is a sliding of the inner ring, which is called "slippage", leads to a ring shift of the rings relative to the shaft, if the landing with tension is not tight. When slipping arises, the fitted surfaces become rough, causing wear and significant damage to the shaft. Abnormal heating and vibration can also occur due to abrasive metal particles penetrating inside the bearing.
It is important to prevent slipping, securely consolidating with sufficient tension, then the ring that rotates, or to the shaft, or in the case. Slocking cannot always be eliminated by axial tightening through the outer surface of the bearing ring. However, as a rule, there is no need to ensure the tension of the rings exposed only to static loads. The landing is sometimes done without any tight of both the inner and outer ring to adapt to certain working conditions, or to facilitate the installation and disassembly. In this case, to prevent damage to the premium surfaces due to slipping, lubrication or other applicable methods should be considered.
Terms of load and landing
| Application load | Bearing work | Terms of load | Landing | ||
| Inner ring | Outdoor Ring | Inner ring | Outdoor Ring | ||
| Rotational | Static | Turning load on the inner ring, static load on the outer ring | Landing with tension | Free landing | |
 |
Static | Rotational | |||
 |
Static | Rotational | Turning load on the outer ring, static load on the inner ring | Free landing | Landing with tension |
 |
Rotational | Static | |||
| The direction of load is not determined due to changes in the direction or unbalanced load | Rotational or static | Rotational or static | Landing with tension | Landing with tension | |
Landing between radial bearings and housing holes
| Terms of load | Examples | Hole tolerances | Axial offset of the outer ring | Notes | ||
| Independent corps | Large bearing loads in thin-walled case or heavy drum loads | Car wheel hubs (roller bearings), lifting faucet, working wheels | P7 | Impossible | - | |
| Hubs of car operating wheels (ball bearings), vibration screens | N7 | |||||
| Light or oscillating loads | Conveyor rollers, cable pulleys, stretch pulleys | M7 | ||||
| Load direction is not defined | Heavy shock loads | Traction electric motors | ||||
| Independent or discerning cases | Normal or large loads | Pumps, crankshafts, indigenous bearings, medium and large motors | K7. | It is usually impossible | If no axial displacement of the outer ring is required | |
| Normal or Load Loads | JS7 (J7) | maybe | An axial offset of the outer ring is necessary | |||
| Loads of all species | General Application Bearings, Railway Axial Tours | H7. | Easy possible | - | ||
| Normal or high loads | Cabinet bearings | H8. | ||||
| Significant lifting temperature of the inner ring in the shaft | Dryers for paper | G7 | ||||
| Independent corps | Preferably accurate functioning at normal or light loads | Rear ball bearings of grinding spindle, high-speed centrifugal compressor swivels | JS6 (J6) | maybe | For large loads, a more dense landing is used than K. When high accuracy is required, it should be used for landing very strict tolerances. | |
| Load direction is not defined | Front ball bearing grinding spindle, fixed bearings (supports) of high-speed centrifugal compressor | K6. | It is usually impossible | |||
| It is desirable to accurately function and high rigidity at oscillating loads | Cylindrical roller bearings for the spindle of the metal cutting machine | M6 or N6. | Impossible | |||
| Minimum noise level required | Appliances | H6 | Easy possible | - | ||
Notes to the table:
- This table is applicable to cast iron and steel housings. For enclosures made of light alloys, landing should be more dense than in this table.
- Not applicable for special landings.
Landing between radial bearings and shafts
| Terms of load | Examples | Shaft diameter, mm | Shaft tolerance | Notes | |||
| Ball bearings | Cylindrical and conical roller bearings | Spherical roller bearings | |||||
| Radial bearings with cylindrical holes | |||||||
| Preferably Light axial offset of the inner ring on the shaft | Wheels on static axes | All diameters of shafts | g6. | Using G5 and H5 where accuracy is required. In the case of large bearings, you can use F6 for light axial movement | |||
| Light axial displacement of the inner ring on the shaft is not required | Stretch pulleys, cable pulleys | h6. | |||||
| Turning load on the inner ring or uncertain load direction | Electric household appliances, pumps, fans, transpotients, precision machines, metal cutting machines | <18 | - | - | jS5 | - | |
| 18-100 | <40 | - | jS6 (J6) | ||||
| 100-200 | 40-140 | - | k6. | ||||
| - | 140-200 | - | m6. | ||||
| Normal loads | General use of bearings, medium and large motors, turbines, pumps, indigenous engine bearings, gearboxes, woodworking machines | <18 | - | - | jS5 (J5-6) | k5 and M6 can be used for single-row conical roller bearings and single-row radially resistant bearings instead of K5 and M5 | |
| 18-100 | <40 | <40 | k5-6 | ||||
| 100-140 | 40-100 | 40-65 | m5-6 | ||||
| 140-200 | 100-140 | 65-100 | m6. | ||||
| 200-280 | 140-200 | 100-140 | n6. | ||||
| - | 200-400 | 140-280 | p6 | ||||
| - | - | 280-500 | r6. | ||||
| - | - | over 500. | r7 | ||||
| High Loads or Impact Loads | Railway axial sleeves, vehicles, traction electric motors, structures, equipment, crushing installations | - | 50-140 | 50-100 | n6. | The inner bearing clearance should be greater than CN | |
| - | 140-200 | 100-140 | p6 | ||||
| - | over 200 | 140-200 | r6. | ||||
| - | - | 200-500 | r7 | ||||
| Only axial loads | All diameters of Vala | jS6 (J6) | - | ||||
| Radial bearings with conical holes and sleeves | |||||||
| All types of loads | General use of bearings, railway toupels | All diameters of shafts | H9 / IT5 | IT5 and IT7 mean that the deviation of the shaft from its true geometric shape, for example, round or cylindrical, must be within the IT5 and IT7 tolerances, respectively | |||
| Transmission shafts, woodworking equipment spindles | H10 / IT7. | ||||||
Note: This table is applicable only to solid steel shafts.
Plants often cannot be repaired and then the question of replacing the part conjugate with the bearing and lost the nominal seating parameters. Such a repair option is rather economically inexpedient. The output in this situation is repairs using dieth technology.
Consider examples of the repair of seats by the method of cold gas-dynamic spraying.
Motorcycle hub bearing seat.
The landing site defect is that the external ring of the bearing is rotated when working, which gives additional loads on the axis of the inner ring and the bearing itself.
Image 1. Location for an external bearing ring on a cross motorcycle wheel.
To eliminate this problem, add a metal layer to the inner diameter of the hub. The hub is made of aluminum alloy. Before applying the composition, pre-process the surface with abrasive composition K-00-04-16. Application of an additional layer is performed in the third mode of the DIMET-405 apparatus. Spraying is made with a margin. The completion of the coating processing is carried out with a small supply of the cutter at elevated circulation.
Image 2. Stages of repair (A - applied with a margin aluminum layer, b - finishing option of a finished seat)
Single Crankshaft Planning
Repair of the landing place of the remote semiring of the crankshaft of the cast-iron cylinder cylinder "Mercedes-Benz" with the help of dieth technology is performed. The final processing was produced by a special cutter.
Hub Bearing Plant
Repair of the landing place of the cast iron hub "Ford" is made by applying an aluminum layer, the size of 0.3 mm. The manipulation data provided the necessary tension in the connection.
Image 1. Repair stages (A - initial, b - final)
Electric Motor Bearing Plant
Repair of the landing places of bearings in the electric motor body is made by the device, aluminum composition, spraying mode - "3". Images are represented by the repair stages.
I think many have seen unconscious screams "Yes, these hubs - trash, in them the bearings will hang out soon!" Such school nonsense is distributed daily and constantly about and without.
So, it will be about the seats of bearings of the hubs and about why all the same seating seats.
The reasons for the first, independent of the owner, is the initial quality of the materials from which the hub is made.
For example, take the CNC hub to compare the hub and the usual standard hub of budget pit bikes.
The second reason is funny - these are wheel bearings. It is mixed in the fact that it depends on both the quality of the installed bearings and the laziness of the owner to monitor their condition.
If you put cheap bearings, then they or quickly break down and start to beat, or even new ones will have a beating, unacceptable for use in principle. Naturally, all blows will be transmitted to the hub, and any metal from the blow is deformed, here's a drawdown.
Well, and the owner is to blame in two cases: the installation of subscriber bearings and the late replacement of the bearing, everything is simple.
The third cause in the reversed drive chain. It gives a large load on one side of the wheel, respectively, the uneven distribution of loads leads to a beyon, accelerated wear, shocks - and ready, landing subs ...
But all this is nothing compared to the main reason - with a hand!)))
There is just the kingdom of engineering idiocy.
So, the first chapter is knocking out bearings with a screwdriver and a sledgehammer on the cold! This is just what every schoolboy loves. After it does it, the metal microns are removed by the crooked-space-out bearing, but it is nonsense. They also beat not in a circle, evenly knocking the bearing, and doubt one point. The bearing at the same time rests on one side, the hubs leaks, and also removes the edges of the necessary microns!
Suppose some believe that the heating of the metal is not needed, and a fairly anchor puller. Let so, the bearing at least will go evenly, but tight, and still the microns will be eaten, and this is not good. But why do you need removals and building hair dryers? There is a screwdriver and a sledgehammer!
But in fact, if you want the landing places of bearings and hubs in general served you for a long time and happily, remember:
1) monitor the tension of the chain
2) Monitor the state of bearings!
3) timely replacement of bearings
4) the use of high-quality bearings
5) When replacing bearings, use a construction hairdryer at least! And it is best that you have an anchor puller.