PT 80 turbine condenser diagram. Operating steam turbine
And n with t r y to c and i
PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 LMZ.
The instructions should know:
1. Head of the Cottubbinal Workshop-2,
2. Deputy Head of the Cottubbinal Workshop for Operation-2,
3. Senior Head of Shift Station-2,
4. Head of changing station-2,
5. Head of the change in the turbine branch of the Cotturbinnian Workshop-2,
6. Cutting driver of steam turbines VI discharge,
7. Scroll driver on turbine equipment V discharge;
8. Scroll driver on turbine equipment IV discharge.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
OJSC Energy and Electrification "Kamchatskenergo".
Branch "Kamchatka CHP".
I argue:
Chief Engineer of the branch of Kamchatskenergo OJSC KTEC
Bolothenyuk Yu.N.
“ “ 20 g
And n with t r y to c and i
Operating steam turbine
PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 LMZ.
Duration of the instruction:
with "____" ____________ 20
by "____" ____________ 20
Petropavlovsk - Kamchatsky
1. General Provisions……………………………………………………………………6
1.1. Criteria for safe operation of the steam turbine PT80 / 100-130 / 13 .................... 7.
1.2. Technical data of the turbine ..................................................................... ... ... ..13
1.4. Protection of turbine ............................................................................ ..................18
1.5. The turbine must be emergency stopped with a broken vacuum manually ............ ......22
1.6. The turbine should be immediately stopped ................................................ ... ...22
The turbine must be unloaded and stopped in the period,
determined by the main engineer of the power plant .............................................................23
1.8. Allowed long work Turbines with a nominal capacity ..................... ...23
2. Short description The design of the turbine ....................................... .. ...23
3. The oil supply system of the turbine unit ....................................... .. ...25
4. The generator shaft seal system ............................................ .... .... ...26
5. The turbine regulation system .................................................. ... ...30
6. Technical data and a description of the generator .................................... .... ....31
7. Technical characteristics and description of the condensation unit ....34
8. Description I. technical specifications Regenerative installation ......37
Description and technical characteristics of the installation for
heating of the network water ............................................................ ... ...42
10. Preparation of a turbine unit for launching ................................................. ...44
10.1. General provisions ....................................................................................... ... ... .44
10.2. Preparation for inclusion in the operation of the oil system ....................................... ... ........46
10.3. Preparation of the regulatory system for start ........................................................................ .49
10.4. Preparation and start of a regenerative and condensation unit ............................................... 49
10.5. Preparation for inclusion in the operation of the installation for heating the network water .................. ..... 54
10.6. Warning steam pipes to GPZ .........................................................................................
11. Starting a turboaggage .................................................................. .. ...55
11.1. General instructions ..............................................................................................55
11.2. Starting a turbine from a cold condition ............................................................................. ... 61
11.3. Starting a turbine from an uncomfortable state .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ... ..64
11.4. Starting a turbine from a hot state ................................................................................ ..65
11.5. Features of the launch of the turbine on the moving parameters of the fresh pair ...........................67
12. Inclusion of the production selection of a couple .................................... ...67
13. Disconnect the production selection of a couple .......................................................69
14. Inclusion of the heat selection of the pair ..................................................................69
15. Disable the heat selection of the pair .............................. ... ... ...71
16. Maintenance of the turbine during normal operation ...................... ...72
16.1 General provisions ........................................................................................................72
16.2 Maintenance of the condensation unit ....................................................................... ..74
16.3 Maintenance of regenerative installation ............................................................................76
16.4 Maintenance of the oil supply system .......................................................................... ... 87
16.5 Generator maintenance .................................................................................. 79
16.6 Maintenance of the installation for heating the network water ............................................ 80
17. Stop the turbine .........................................................................................81
17.1 General instructions on the stopping of the turbine .................................................................. 81
17.2 Stop the turbine to the reserve, as well as for repair without finding ........................ .. ... 82
17.3 Stop the turbine to repair with a discharge .................................................................... ... 84
18. Safety requirements ........................................... ......86
19. Activities for the prevention and elimination of accidents on the turbine ......88
19.1. General instructions ................................................................................................ 88
19.2. Cases of emergency stop turbine ............................................................... ... ... 90
19.3. Actions performed by technological protection of the turbine .................................... 91
19.4. The actions of the staff at the emergency on the turbine ..........................................92
20. Rules for admission to the repair of equipment ..................................... ...107
21. The procedure for admission to the tests of the turbine ......................................... ..108
Applications
22.1. Schedule Starting a turbine from a cold condition (metal temperature
FLOW in the steam area less than 150 ˚С) .......................................................................... .. ... 109
22.2. Tourbin start schedule after idle 48 hours (metal temperature
FLOLD in the steam area 300 ˚С) ........................................................................ ..110
22.3. Tourbin start schedule after idle 24 hours (metal temperature
CVP steam input in the area 340? C) ..................................................................... .. ... 111
22.4. Tourbin start schedule after idle 6-8 hours (metal temperature
FLOLD in the 420 ˚С steam area) ........................................................................ .112
22.5. Tourbin start schedule after idle 1-2 hours (metal temperature
FLOLD in the 440 ˚С steam area) .......................................................................... 113
22.6. Estimated turbine start-up graphics on nominal
the parameters of fresh steam ............................................................................................. ... 114
22.7. Longitudinal incision of the turbine ..................................................................... .. ... 115
22.8. Turbine regulating circuit ............................................................................................................... ...
22.9. Thermal circuit turbine plant ...................................................................... ... .118
23. Additions and changes ......................................................... ... ....119
General.
Turbine steam type PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 LMZ with a production and 2-speed heat selection of steam, a rated power of 80 MW and a maximum 100 MW (in a certain combination of adjustable selections) is intended for direct drive of the AC generator of the TWF-110-2E U3 with a capacity of 110 MW mounted on a common foundation with a turbine.
List of abbreviations I. conventions:
AZV - Automatic Shutter high pressure;
VPU - grinding device;
GMN is the main oil pump;
GPZ - the main steam valve;
Kos - valve reverse with the servomotor;
Ken - condensate electric pump;
Mut is a turbine control mechanism;
Ohms - power limiter;
PVD - High Pressure Heaters;
PND - heaters low pressure;
PMN - launcher oil electric pump;
Mon - Couple cooler seals;
PS - seal cooler seals with ejector;
PSG-1 - Network heater of the lower selection;
PSG-2 - the same, upper selection;
Peng - nutritional electric pump;
RVD - high pressure rotor;
RK - regulating valves;
RTN - low pressure rotor;
RT - turbine rotor;
FVD - high pressure cylinder;
CND - low pressure cylinder;
RMN - backup oil pump;
AMN - emergency oil pump;
RPDS - Oil pressure drop relay in the lubrication system;
RPR - steam pressure in the production selection chamber;
P - pressure in the lower heat selection chamber;
R - the same, upper heat selection;
DPO - steam consumption in production selection;
D - consumption total on PSG-1.2;
Kaz - automatic shutter valve;
MNUV - Melonasos of the seal of the generator shaft;
Legs - generator cooling pump;
SAR - automatic regulation system;
EGP - electro-hydraulic converter;
Kis - Executive Solenoid Valve;
Then - heat selection;
For production selection;
MO - oil cooler;
RPD - pressure drop regulator;
PSM - mobile oil separator;
ZG - hydraulic shutter;
BD - damper dam;
It is an oil injector;
RS - speed controller;
RD - pressure regulator.
1.1.1. For the power of the turbine:
Maximum turbine power with fully included
regeneration and certain combinations of industrial and
heat selections ......................................................................................... ... 100 MW
Maximum power of the turbine on the condensation mode with the disconnected PVD-5, 6, 7 .............................................................................. ... 76 MW
The maximum power of the turbine on the condensation mode when the PND-2, 3, 4 ................................................................................ .... 71mW
Maximum turbine power on condensation mode with disconnected
PND-2, 3, 4 and PVD-5, 6, 7 ..................................................................................................68 MW
which is included in the work of PVD-5,6,7 .................................................................10 MW
The minimum power of the turbine on the condensation mode when
which is included in the work of the PND-2 plum pump ..................................................................20 MW
The minimum power of the turbine unit at which is included in
work adjustable selection of the turbine ................................................................................... 30 MW
1.1.2. By frequency of rotation of the turbine rotor:
Rotation frequency of rotation of the turbine rotor ................................................................. ..3000 rpm
Rotation frequency of rotor rotor turbine grinding
device ....................................................................................................... ..
Limit deviation frequency rotation of the turbine rotor when
which is turned off the turbine unit ..........................................................................................
3360 rpm
Critical frequency of rotation of the rotor of the turbogenerator .......................................... .1500 rpm
Critical frequency of rotation of the rotor of the turbine low pressure ......................... ...... 1600 rpm
Critical frequency of rotation of the rotor of the high pressure of the turbine ......................... ... .1800 rpm
1.1.3. According to the consumption of superheated steam on the turbine:
Nominal steam consumption on a turbine when working on condensation mode
with a fully enabled regeneration system (at rated power
turboaggage, equal to 80 MW) ........................................................................ 305 tons / hour
Maximum steam consumption on the turbine when the system is enabled
regeneration, regulated by industrial and heat seats
and closed regulating valve №5 ... .. ....................................................................... ..415 t / h
Maximum steam consumption on the turbine .............................................................................. 470 t / h
mode with disconnected PVD-5, 6, 7 .................................................................. ..270 t / h
Maximum steam consumption on the turbine when working on a condensation
mode with PND-2, 3, 4 ................................................................................ ..260t / hour
Maximum steam consumption on the turbine when working on a condensation
mode with PND-2, 3, 4 and PVD-5, 6, 7, 7 ......................................................................................... .. ... 230T / H
1.1.4. Over the absolute pressure of superheated steam before AZV:
Nominal absolute pressure of superheated steam before AZV ................................130 kgf / cm 2
Permissible reduction in the absolute pressure of superheated steam
before the AZV, when working the turbine ....... ..................................................................... 125 kgf / cm 2
Permissible increase absolute pressure overheated steam
before the AZV when working the turbine. ........................................................................................... 135 kgf / cm 2
Maximum deviation of absolute pressure of superheated steam before AZV
during the operation of the turbine and with the duration of each deviation not more than 30 minutes ....... ..140 kgf / cm 2
1.1.5. On the temperature of the superheated steam before AZV:
Rated temperature of overheated steam before AZV .. ..................................................... .. ... ..555 0
Permissible decrease in the temperature of the superheated steam
before CBA during operation of the turbine .. ................................................................... ......... 545 0 C.
Permissible increase in the temperature of the superheated steam before
AZV when working the turbine .................................................................................................. .. 560 0 C
Maximum deviation of the temperature of the superheated steam before AZV with
work turbine and duration of each deviation no more than 30
minutes ....................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ 565 0
The minimum deviation of the temperature of the superheated steam before AZV is
which is turned off the turbine unit ............................................................ ... 425 0
1.1.6. Over the absolute pressure of steam in the regulating steps of the turbine:
with the cost of superheated steam on the turbine up to 415 tons per hour. .. .......................................... ... 98.8 kgf / cm 2
Maximum absolute steam pressure in the regulating stage of the CT
when working the turbine on condensation mode with disconnected PVD-5, 6, 7 .... .......... ... 64 kgf / cm 2
Maximum absolute steam pressure in the regulating stage of the CT
when the turbine is working on condensation mode with the TNN-2, 3, 4, 4 ............. ... 62 kgf / cm 2
Maximum absolute steam pressure in the regulating stage of the CT
when operating a turbine on condensation mode with PND-2, 3, 4 disconnected
and PVD-5, 6.7 ................................................................................................................... 55 kgf / cm 2.
Maximum absolute steam pressure in the chamber of the overload
valve TsVD (for the 4th stage) with the expenditures of the superheated steam on the turbine
more than 415 tons per hour .................................................................................................... 83 kgf / cm 2
Maximum absolute steam pressure in the chamber regulating
central CNDs (for the 18th Step) .......................................................................................... ..13,5 kgf / cm 2
1.1.7. Over the absolute pressure of steam in the regulated seboctions of the turbine:
Permissible increase in the absolute pressure of steam in
adjustable production selection .................................................................. 16 kgf / cm 2
Permissible decrease in the absolute pressure of steam in
adjustable production selection .................................................................. 10 kgf / cm 2
The maximum deviation of the absolute pressure of steam in the adjustable production selection at which safety valves .............................................................................. ..19.5 kg / cm 2
top selection cogeneration ................................................................... ... ..2,5 kgf / cm 2
upper heat selection ........................................................................................................
Maximum deviation of the absolute pressure of steam in adjustable
upper heat selection in which
safety valve .................................................................................. 3.4 kgf / cm 2
Maximum deviation of absolute steam pressure in
adjustable upper heat selection in which
turboaggage turns off the protection ....................................................................... ... 3.5 kgf
Permissible increase in the absolute pressure of steam in adjustable
lower cogeneration selection ................................................................... ...... 1 kgf / cm 2
Permissible reduction in the absolute pressure of steam in adjustable
lower cogeneration selection ...................................................................... ... 0.3 kgf / cm 2
Maximum allowable decrease in pressure drops between the chamber
lower heat selection and turbine condenser ............................... ... to 0.15 kgf / cm 2
1.1.8. By steam consumption in adjustable turbine selections:
Nominal steam consumption in adjustable production
selection ....................................................................................................................................
Maximum steam consumption in adjustable production ...
nominal power of the turbine and disconnected
selecting cogeneration ......................................................................... ......... 245 t / h
Maximum steam consumption in adjustable production
selection at absolute pressure in it, equal to 13 kgf / cm 2,
reduced to 70 MW of the turbine power and disconnected
heat selection ................................................................................................ 300 tons
Nominal steam consumption in adjustable top
heat selection ............................................................................................... ... 132 tons
and a disconnected production selection ............................................................................. 150 t / h
Maximum steam consumption in adjustable top
cellular selection with reduced to 76 MW power
turbines and disconnected production selection .................................................................. 220 t / h
Maximum steam consumption in adjustable top
cellular selection at rated power of the turbine
and reduced to 40 tons / hour steam consumption in the production selection ............................................... 200 m / h
Maximum steam consumption in PSG-2 at absolute pressure
in the upper heat selection of 1.2 kgf / cm 2 .................................................................................... ... 145 tons
Maximum steam consumption in PSG-1 at absolute pressure
in the lower heat reference selection 1 kgf / cm 2 .........................................................................220 t / h
1.1.9. In terms of temperature in the turbine selection:
Nominal pair temperature in adjustable production
selection after OU-1, 2 (3.4) .................................................................................... ..280 0 C
Permissible increase in temperature steam in adjustable
production selection after OU-1, 2 (3.4) ............................................................ 285 0 C
Permissible decrease in steam temperature in adjustable
production after selecting the OS-1.2 (3.4) .......................................................... ... 275 0 C.
1.1.10. On the thermal state of the turbine:
Maximum speed increase in metal temperature
... .. .................................... ..15 0 c / min.
bypass pipes from AZV to regulating valves
at the temperatures of the superheated steam below 450 grads. ................................................................... 25 0 C
Maximum allowable metal temperature difference
bypass pipes from AZV to regulating valves
at the temperature of the superheated steam above 450 degrees ..................................................................20 0 С
Maximum allowable difference in metal temperatures
and Niza FVD (CND) in the area of \u200b\u200bthe steam room .................................................................................... ..50 0
Maximum allowable metals temperature difference in
cross section (width) horizontal flanges
cylinder connector without inclusion of the heating system
flanges and Spreads CLOC .. .................................................................................................... 80 0
cLOC connector with flanges and spills enabled ..................................................... .. ... 50 0 C
in cross section (width) horizontal flanges
cLOC connector with flanges and spills enabled .......................................... -25 0 with
Maximum allowable metals temperature difference between the upper
and the bottom (right and left) Flanges of the FLOLD when enabled
heating the flange and pins .......................................................... ..................... .... 10 0 C.
Maximum allowable positive metals temperature difference
between flanges and studs FED with heating enabled
flanges and studs .......................................................................................................... .20 0 C
Maximum allowable negative difference in metal temperatures
between the flanges and the studs of the CLAS when the heating is enabled and the flanges and studs .................................................................................................................................................................. 20 0 S.
Maximum allowable difference in metal temperatures in thickness
the walls of the cylinder, measured in the zone of the regulating stage of the CLAD .... .............................. .35 0 s
bearings and stubborn turbine bearing .......................................................90 0 C
The maximum permissible temperature of the liners of the reference
generator bearings ........................................................................ .. ..................................................................
1.1.11. On the mechanical state of the turbine:
Maximum permissible shortening of the RVD relative to CLAST .... .....................................-2 mm
Maximum permissible RVD lengthening relative to CLAST .... ..................................... + 3 mm
Maximum allowable shortening of the RND relative to the CND .... ........................ .. ......... -2,5 mm
Maximum permissible elongation of the RND relative to the CND ....... ........................ .. ............................................................................
Maximum permissible curvature of the turbine rotor .......................................................... ..0 mm
Maximum permissible maximum curvature value
turtaaggate shaft when passing critical frequencies of rotation .............................0.25 mm
............................................................... generator side. ..................... .. ... 1.2 mm
Maximum allowable axial shift of the turbine rotor in
side of the control unit ........................................................................................ .1,7 mm
1.1.12. According to the vibration state of the turbine unit:
Maximum allowable vibration of turbine bearings
in all modes (except critical speed of rotation) ................... ........................ .4.5 mm / s
with an increase in the bearing vibration, more than 4.5 mm / s ................................. 30 days
Maximum allowable duration of the turbine unit
with an increase in the bearing vibration, more than 7.1 mm / s .................................. 7
Emergency raising of vibrations of any of the supports of the rotor ...................................... 11.2 mm / s
Emergency sudden simultaneous increase in vibration
supplement of one rotor, or adjacent supports, or two components of vibration
one support from any initial value ...................................................... ... 1mm and more
1.1.13. By consumption, pressure and temperature of circulation water:
The total consumption of cooling water to the turbine unit ............................................ .8300 m 3 / h
The maximum cooling water consumption through the condenser .... .............................. ..8000 m 3 / hour
The minimum cooling water consumption through the capacitor ................... .................2000 m 3 / hour
Maximum water consumption through the built-in capacitor bundle ............................ 1500 m 3 / h
Minimum water consumption through the built-in condenser beam .............................................300 m 3 / h
The maximum temperature of the cooling water at the entrance to the condenser .... ....................................................................................................................................... ..33 0 C
The minimum temperature of circulation water at the entrance to
condenser in the period minus temperatures Outdoor air ......... ... ..................8 0 s
The minimum pressure of circulation water in which the AVR circulating pumps TN-1,2,3,4 ....................................................................................................................
Maximum circulation water pressure in the pipe system
left and right half of the condenser ...................................................................... ..........2.5 kgf / cm 2
Maximum absolute water pressure in the pipe system
built-in condenser beam. ........................................................................8 kgf / cm 2
Nominal hydraulic resistance of the condenser when
clean tubes and consumption of circulation water 6500 m 3 / hours .......................................3.8 m. Waters. Art.
Maximum temperature difference of circulation water between
the entrance of it into the capacitor and the exit from it ...........................................................10 0 s
1.1.14. By consumption, pressure and temperature of steam and himobassive water into the condenser:
Maximum flow of himobassive water into the condenser .................. .. .................100 t / h.
Maximum steam consumption in the condenser in all modes
exploitation ............................................................................................................... 220 tons / hour
Minimum steam consumption across Cund Turbines in Condenser
at the closed rotary diaphragm ............................................................. ...... 10 t / h.
The maximum permissible temperature of the exhaust of the CND .................................. ..70 0 with
The maximum permissible temperature of himobassive water,
incoming to the condenser ............................................................................................. 100 0
Absolute steam pressure in the exhaust part of the CND in which
triggered atmospheric valve-diaphragm ............................................. .. ...... ..1,2 kgf / cm 2
1.1.15. Over absolute pressure (vacuum) in the turbine condenser:
Nominal absolute pressure in the condenser ...................................................... 0.035 kgf / cm 2
The permissible decrease in vacuum in the condenser at which warning alarm is triggered ................... ........................... .. ......... ...- 0.91 kgf / cm 2
Emergency decrease in vacuum in a condenser in which
Turboaggage turns off the protection ............... ...................................................... ....- 0.75 kgf / cm 2
reset in it hot flows ... ..................................................................................................................................................
Permissible vacuum in the condenser when starting the turbine before
the shaft of the turboaggage .................................................................................. -0.75 kgf / cm 2
Permissible vacuum in the condenser when starting the turbine at the end
exposures of its rotor with a frequency of 1000 rpm ..............................................................-0.95 kgf / cm 2
1.1.16. By pressure and temperature of a pair of seals of the turbine:
Minimum absolute pair pressure on turbine seals
behind the pressure regulator ........................................................................... ... ..........1.1 kgf / cm 2
Maximum absolute pair pressure on turbine seals
for pressure regulator ....................................................................................................................
Minimum absolute pair pressure behind turbine seals
to the regulator of pressure maintenance ....... ........................................................................................................
Maximum absolute pair pressure behind turbine seals ...
to the regulator of pressure maintenance ........................................................................................................................
The minimum absolute pressure of the steam in the second seal chambers ........................ ... 1.03 kgf / cm 2
The maximum absolute pressure of the steam in the second chambers of the seals ........................ ..1.05 kgf / cm 2
Rated temperature pair on seals ............................................................ .150 0 C
1.1.17. On the pressure and temperature of oil on the lubrication of the bearings of the turbine unit:
Nominal overpressure of oil in the bearing lubrication system
turbines to butter cooler. .............................................................................. .. ........................................................................................
Nominal overpressure of oil in the lubrication system
bearings on shaft turbine level ............ ... ............................................. .1kgs / cm 2
at the axis level of the turbine truck in which it works
warning alarm .................................................................................
Excess oil pressure in the bearing lubrication system
at the axis level of the turbine truck in which the RMN turns on ......................................................0.7 kgf / cm 2
Excess oil pressure in the bearing lubrication system
at the axis level of the turbine truck in which AMN is included ............................................................................
Excess oil pressure in the bearing lubrication system at the level
the axis of the turbine shaft in which the VPU turns off the protection ...... ........................... .. ... 0.3 kgf / cm 2
Emergency excess oil pressure in the bearing lubrication system
at the axis level of the turbine tree at which the turbine unit turns off the protection .............................................................................................................. 3 kgf / cm 2
Rated oil temperature on the lubricant bearings of the turbine unit .............................................40 0 C
Maximum allowable oil temperature on bearing lubrication
turbineaggate .................................................................................................................. ... 45 0
The maximum allowable oil temperature on plum from
bearings of the turbo unigate ............................................................................................... .... 65 0 C
Emergency temperature of oil plum from bearings
turbineaggate ..................................................................................................................... 75 0 C
1.1.18. By pressure of the oil in the turbine regulation system:
Excess oil pressure in the turbine control system created by the PMN ........................................................................................................... .. ... 18 kgf / cm 2
Excessive oil pressure in the turbine control system created by the GMN ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..
Outlet oil pressure in the turbine control system
In which there is a ban on closing the valve on the pressure and on the disconnection of the PMN .... ..........17,5 kgf / cm 2
1.1.19. By pressure, level, consumption and oil temperature in the turbine generator shaft seal system:
Excess oil pressure in the sealing system of the turbogenerator shaft at which a backup alternating current is turned on to operation ........................................................................ 8 kgf / cm 2
Excess oil pressure in the sealing system of the turbogenerator shaft at which the AVR is turned on to work
reserve MNUB DC ........................................................................ ..7 kgf / cm 2
The permissible minimum difference between the oil pressure on the shaft seals and hydrogen pressure in the housing of the turbogenerator .................................04 kgf / cm 2
The permissible maximum difference between the oil pressure on the shaft seals and the hydrogen pressure in the housing of the turbogenerator ......................... ... ..... 0.8 kgf / cm 2
Maximum difference Between the pressure of oil inlet and pressure
oil at the output of the MFG in which you need to go to the backup oil filter of the generator ................................................................................................................................................................
Rated oil temperature at the exit C could ...................................................... ..40 0 C
The permissible increase in the oil temperature at the exit C could .................................. ...... .45 0 s
1.1.20. In temperature and consumption nutrient water Through a group of PVD turbines:
The nominal temperature of nutrient water at the entrance to the PVD group .... ............................164 0 s
The maximum temperature of nutrient water at the exit from the PVD group at the rated power of the turbine unit ................................................................................ .. ... 249 0 C
Maximum feed water consumption through the PVD pipe system ..................... ... ... ... 550 tons per hour
1.2. Technical data of the turbine.
| Nominal power turbine | 80 MW |
| Maximum turbine power with fully included regeneration under certain combinations of industrial and heat selections defined by the diagram of modes | 100 MW |
| Absolute pressure of fresh steam automatic locking valve | 130 kgf / cm² |
| Steam temperature before locking valve | 555 ° C. |
| Absolute pressure in the condenser | 0.035 kgf / cm² |
| Maximum steam consumption through a turbine when working with all selections and with any combination of them | 470 t / h |
| Maximum passage pass to condenser | 220 t / h |
| Cooling water consumption in the condenser at the estimated temperature at the inlet in the capacitor 20 ° C | 8000 m³ / h |
| Absolute pair pressure of adjustable production selection | 13 ± 3 kgf / cm² |
| Absolute pair pressure of adjustable upper heat selection | 0.5 - 2.5 kgf / cm² |
| Absolute steam pressure of adjustable lower heat selection with a single-stage network water heating scheme | 0.3 - 1 kgf / cm² |
| Nutrient water temperature after PVD | 249 ° C. |
| Specific steam consumption (guaranteed pot LMZ) | 5.6 kg / kWh |
Note: Starting a turbine unit, stopped due to the increase (change) of vibration, is allowed only after a detailed analysis of the causes of vibration and in the presence of the resolution of the main engineer of the power plant made by him personally in the operational journal of the station's shift.
1.6 The turbine must be immediately stopped in the following cases:
· Increase the rotational speed above 3360 rpm.
· Detection of rupture or through cracks on unconnected areas of the oil pipelines, a steam room, pair distribution nodes.
· The appearance of hydraulic shocks in fresh steam steam plates or in the turbine.
· Emergency decrease in vacuum to -0.75 kgf / cm² or overvaluation of atmospheric valves.
· A sharp decrease in the temperature of fresh
- Tutorial
Preface to the first part
Modeling steam turbines - the daily task of hundreds of people in our country. Instead of the word model Taken to say consumables. The steam turbine consumables are used in solving such tasks as calculating the specific consumption of conditional fuel into electricity and heat produced by the CHP; optimization of the CHP operation; Planning and maintenance of CHP regimes.
I have been developed new consumables steam turbine - Linearized steam turbine consumables. The developed expenditure characteristic is convenient and effective in solving these tasks. However, it is currently described only in two scientific papers:
- Optimization of the work of the CHP in the conditions of the wholesale electricity market and the power of Russia;
- Computational methods for determining the specific expenditures of conditional fuel CHP on the electrical and thermal energy released in the combined production mode.
And now I would like to me in my blog:
- first, a simple and accessible language to answer the main questions about the new expenditure characteristic (see the linearized consumables of the steam turbine. Part 1. Basic issues);
- secondly, to provide an example of building a new expenditure characteristic, which will help to understand and in the construction method, and in the characteristics properties (see below);
- thirdly, refute the two known statements regarding the mode of operation of the steam turbine (see the linearized consumables of the steam turbine. Part 3. We are developing myths about the work of the steam turbine).
1. Source data
The source data for the construction of a linearized expenditure characteristic may be
- the actual values \u200b\u200bof the capacities q 0, n, q n, q t measured during the functioning of the steam turbine,
- nonograms Q t grotto from regulatory and technical documentation.
In cases where the actual values \u200b\u200bof Q 0, N, Q P, q t are unavailable, you can process the nomograms Q with gross. They, in turn, were obtained on the basis of measurements. Read more about TURBIN Tests Read in Gunshtein V.M. and etc. Methods for optimization of power system modes.
2. Algorithm for constructing linearized expenditure characteristics
The construction algorithm consists of three steps.
- Translation of nomograms or measurement results in a tabular view.
- Linearization of the consumables of the steam turbine.
- Determining the boundaries of the adjusting range of the steam turbine.
When working with nomograms Q t grotto, the first step is carried out quickly. Such work is called digitizing (Digitizing). Digitization 9 nomograms for the current example I took about 40 minutes.
The second and third step requires the use of mathematical packages. I love and for many years I use Matlab. My example of constructing a linearized expenditure characteristic is performed in it. An example can be downloaded by reference, run and independently understand the method of constructing a linearized consumables.
The consuming characteristic for the turbine under consideration was built for the following fixed values \u200b\u200bof the mode parameters:
- single-stage mode of operation,
- medium pressure pair pressure \u003d 13 kgf / cm2,
- low pressure steam pressure \u003d 1 kgf / cm2.
1) Nomogram Specific Flow Q T Grosstto To generate electricity (marked red dots digitized - transferred to the table):
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_0_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_100_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_120_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_140_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_150_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_20_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_40_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_60_digit.png,
- Pt80_qt_qm_eq_80_digit.png.
2) The result of digitization (Each CSV file corresponds to the PNG file):
- Pt-80_qm_eq_0.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_100.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_120.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_140.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_150.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_20.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_40.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_60.csv,
- Pt-80_qm_eq_80.csv.
3) Matlab script With the calculations and the construction of graphs:
- PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.M.
4) The result of digitizing nomograms and the result of building a linearized expenditure characteristic Table form:
- PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.XLSX.
Step 1. Translation of nomograms or measurement results in a tabular view
1. Processing of source data
The source data for our example is the nomograms Q t grotto.
To transfer to a digital form of multiple nomograms, a special tool is needed. I have repeatedly used the Web application for these purposes. The application is simple, convenient, but does not have sufficient flexibility to automate the process. Part of the work has to be done manually.
At this step, it is important to digitize the extreme points of the nomograms, which set the boundaries of the adjusting range of the steam turbine.
The work was to noted in each PNG file using the application to mark the consumables, download the received CSV and collect all the data in one table. The resulting digitization can be found in the PT-80-LINEAR-CHARACTERISTIC-CURVE.xLSX file, the "PT-80" sheet, the source data table.
2. Bringing units of measurement to power units
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) Q_0 \u003d \\ FRAC (Q_T \\ CDOT N) (1000) + Q_P + Q_T \\ QQuad (1) \\ END (Equation) $$ DISPLAY $$
and give all the initial values \u200b\u200bto MW. Calculations are implemented by means of MS Excel.
The resulting table "The initial data (unit. Power)" is the result of the first step of the algorithm.
Step 2. Linearization of the consumables of the steam turbine
1. Checking Matlab
At this step you need to install and open Matlab versions not lower than 7.3 (this is an old version, current 8.0). In Matlab Open the PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.M file, run it and make sure that work. Everything works correctly if you saw the following message on the command line to start the script on the command prompt:
Values \u200b\u200bare read from the PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.XLSX file for 1 s Coefficients: a (n) \u003d 2.317, a (Qc) \u003d 0.621, a (Qt) \u003d 0.255, a0 \u003d 33.874 Average error \u003d 0.006, (0.57%) Number of adjustment bandpoints \u003d 37.
If you have errors, we will understand yourself how to fix them.
2. Calculations
All calculations are implemented in the PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.M file. Consider it in parts.
1) Specify the name of the source file, the sheet, the range of cells containing the table "Initial data obtained in the previous step" Source data (units) ".
XLSFILENAME \u003d "PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTIC_CURVE.XLSX"; Xlssheetname \u003d "pt-80"; XLSRANGE \u003d "F3: I334";
2) We consider the initial data in MATLAB.
sourcedata \u003d xlsread (xlsfilename, xlssheetname, xlsrange); N \u003d sourcedata (: 1); Qm \u003d sourcedata (: 2); Ql \u003d sourcedata (: 3); Q0 \u003d sourcedata (: 4); fprintf ("values \u200b\u200bare read from file% s in% 1.0f s \\ n", XLSFILENAME, TOC);
Use the QM variable to consume the medium pressure steam Q n, index m. from middle - middle; Similarly, use the QL variable to consume the low pressure steam q n, index l. from low. - Low.
3) We define the coefficients α i.
Recall the general formula of the expenditure characteristics
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) q_0 \u003d f (n, q_p, q_t) \\ qquad (2) \\ end (equation) $$ DISPLAY $$
and specify independent (x_digit) and dependent (y_digit) variables.
x_digit \u003d; % Electricity N, industrial pairs QP, reference pairs qt, unit vector y_digit \u003d q0; % Capure of acute pair q0
If it is not clear to you, why in the x_digit matrix, a single vector (the last column), then read the materials on linear regression. On the topic of regression analysis, I recommend the book Draper N., Smith H. AppLied Regression Analysis. NEW YORK: Wiley, In Press, 1981. 693 p. (There is in Russian).
Equation of the linearized consumables steam turbine
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) q_0 \u003d \\ alpha_n \\ cdot n + \\ alpha_p \\ cdot q_p + \\ alpha_t \\ cdot q_t + \\ alpha_0 \\ qquad (3) \\ end (equation $$ DISPLAY $$
it is a model of multiple linear regression. The coefficients α i define with "Big Bogle of Civilization" - Method of smallest squares. Separately, I note that the method of least squares is designed by Gauss in 1795.
In Matlab it is done by one line.
A \u003d regress (y_digit, x_digit); fprintf ("coefficients: a (n) \u003d% 4.3F, a (qu) \u003d% 4.3F, a (qt) \u003d% 4.3F, a0 \u003d% 4.3F \\ n", ... a);
The variable A contains the desired coefficients (see the message in the MATLAB command line).
Thus, the resulting linearized expenditure characteristic of the PT-80 steam turbine has the form
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) Q_0 \u003d 2.317 \\ CDOT N + 0.621 \\ CDOT Q_P + 0.255 \\ CDOT Q_T + 33.874 \\ QQUAD (4) \\ END $$ DISPLAY $$
4) We estimate the linearization error of the resulting expenditure characteristic.
y_model \u003d x_digit * a; ERR \u003d ABS (Y_MODEL - Y_DIGIT). / Y_DIGIT; fprintf ("average error \u003d% 1.3F, (% 4.2F %%) \\ N \\ n", Mean (ERR), MEAN (ERR) * 100);
Linearization error is 0.57% (See the MATLAB command line).
To assess the ease of use of the linearized consumables of the steam turbine, we solve the task of calculating the consumption of high pressure steam Q 0 known values Load N, Q P, Q t.
Let n \u003d 82.3 MW, q n \u003d 55.5 MW, Q T \u003d 62.4 MW, then
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) Q_0 \u003d 2.317 \\ CDOT 82.3 + 0.621 \\ CDOT 55,5 + 0.255 \\ CDOT 62,4 + 33.874 \u003d 274,9 \\ QQUAD (5) \\ END (Equation) $$ DISPLAY $$.
Let me remind you that the average calculation error is 0.57%.
Let's go back to the question than the linearized consumables of the steam turbine is fundamentally more convenient than the nomogram of the specific consumption of the combat of electricity to the production of electricity? To understand the principal difference in practice, solve two tasks.
- Calculate the value of Q 0 with the specified accuracy using nomograms and your eyes.
- Automate the calculation process Q 0 using nomograms.
Obviously, in the first task, the definition of the values \u200b\u200bof q t gross to the eye is fraught with rude errors.
Second task cumbersome for automation. Insofar as values \u200b\u200bof q t grotto nonlinearFor such automation, the number of digitized points is ten times larger than in the current example. One digitization is not enough, it is also necessary to implement the algorithm interpolation (finding values \u200b\u200bbetween points) of nonlinear gross values.
Step 3. Determining the boundaries of the adjusting range of the steam turbine
1. Calculations
To calculate the adjusting range, we use the other "The benefit of civilization" - Method of convex shell, convex hull.
In Matlab, this is as follows.
indexch \u003d convhull (N, QM, QL, "Simplify", True); index \u003d unique (indexch); REGRANGE \u003d; REGRANGEQ0 \u003d * A; fprintf ("The number of boundary points of the adjustment range \u003d% d \\ n \\ n", Size (index, 1));
Convhull () method determines control Range Pointsspecified by the values \u200b\u200bof variables N, Qm, Ql. The IndexC variable contains the vertices of triangles built using Delon triangulation. The REGRANGE variable contains the adjusting range points; Variable REGRANGEQ0 - high-pressure steam consumption values \u200b\u200bfor the boundary points of the adjustment range.
The result of the calculations can be found in the PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.xLSX file, the "PT-80-RESULT" sheet, the "adjusting range" table.
Linearized expenditure characteristic is built. It is a formula and 37 points specifying the boundaries (shell) of the adjustment range in the corresponding table.
2. Check
When automating the calculation processes Q 0, it is necessary to check whether a certain point with the values \u200b\u200bof N, Q P, Q T ins inside the adjusting range or beyond it (I do not technically implement mode). In Matlab it can be done as follows.
We specify the values \u200b\u200bof N, Q P, Q T that we want to check.
n \u003d 75; qm \u003d 120; Ql \u003d 50;
Check.
IN1 \u003d INPOLYGON (N, QM, REGRANGE (: 1), REGRANGE (: 2)); IN2 \u003d INPOLYGON (QL, REGRANGE (: 2), REGRANGE (: 3)); in \u003d in1 && in2; if in fprintf ("point n \u003d% 3.2f MW, QP \u003d% 3.2F MW, qt \u003d% 3.2F MW is inside the adjusting range \\ n", n, qm, ql); ELSE FPRINTF ("Point n \u003d% 3.2F MW, QP \u003d% 3.2F MW, qt \u003d% 3.2F MW is located outside the adjustment range (technically unacciable) \\ n", n, qm, ql); End.
Check is carried out in two steps:
- the variable IN1 shows whether the values \u200b\u200bof N, q n were inside the projection of the shell on the axis n, q n;
- similarly, the variable In2 shows whether the values \u200b\u200bof Q p, Q T inside the projection of the shell on the axis Q n, q t.
If both variables are equal to 1 (true), then the desired point is inside the shell defining the adjusting range of the steam turbine.
Illustration of the resulting linearized steam turbine
Most "The generous benefits of civilization" We went to the illustration of the results of calculations.
It must be previously said that the space in which we build graphs, i.e. the space with the axes x - n, y - q t, z - q 0, w - q n, call regime space (see optimization of the work of the CHP in the conditions of the wholesale electricity and power market of Russia
). Each point of this space determines some mode of operation of the steam turbine. Mode can be
- technically realizable if the point is inside the shell defining the adjusting range,
- technically not realizable if the point is outside of this shell.
If we talk about the condensation mode of the steam turbine (q n \u003d 0, q t \u003d 0), then linearized expenditure characteristics represents cut straight. If we talk about the T-type turbine, then the linearized expenditure characteristic is flat polygon in three-dimensional regime space with axes x - n, y - q t, z - q 0, which is easy to visualize. For a PT-type turbine, visualization is the most difficult, since the linearized expenditure characteristic of such a turbine represents flat polygon in four-dimensional space (clarification and examples, see optimization of the CHP operation in the conditions of the Wholesale electricity and power market of Russia, section Linearization of the expenditure characteristics of the turbine).
1. Illustration of the resulting linearized steam turbine
We construct the table values \u200b\u200b"The initial data (units)" in the mode space.
Fig. 3. Source points of the consuming characteristic in the mode space with axes X - N, Y - Q T, Z - Q 0
Since we cannot construct the dependence in the four-dimensional space, to such a good of civilization have not yet reached, we operate with the values \u200b\u200bof q p as follows: we exclude them (Fig. 3), fix (Fig. 4) (see the code for building graphs in MATLAB).
Fix the value Q n \u003d 40 MW and construct the source points and the linearized expenditure characteristic.
Fig. 4. Source Points of Consumables (Blue Points), Linearized Consumables (Green Flat Polygon)
Let us return to the formula of a linearized expenditure characteristic (4). If you fix q n \u003d 40 MW MW, then the formula will be viewed
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) Q_0 \u003d 2.317 \\ CDOT N + 0.255 \\ CDOT Q_T + 58.714 \\ QQUAD (6) \\ END (Equation) $$ DISPLAY $$
This model sets a flat polygon in three-dimensional space with axes x - n, y - q t, z - Q 0 by analogy with a T-type turbine (we are visible in Fig. 4).
Many years ago, when the nomograms of q t groutto were developed, at the initial data analysis stage made a fundamental error. Instead of applying the method of least squares and the construction of a linearized consumables of a steam turbine on an unknown reason, a primitive calculation was made:
$$ display $$ \\ begin (equation) Q_0 (n) \u003d Q_E \u003d Q_0 - Q_T - Q_P \\ QQuad (7) \\ End (Equation) $$ DISPLAY $$
Spending high pressure steam drops Q 0 Costs of vapor q T, Q P and attributed the obtained difference Q 0 (n) \u003d q e at the production of electricity. The resulting value of Q 0 (n) \u003d q e was divided into N and transferred to Kcal / kWh, having obtained the specific consumption of q t groutto. This calculation does not comply with the laws of thermodynamics.
Dear readers, maybe it is you know an unknown cause? Share it!
2. Illustration of the steam turbine adjustment range
Let's see the sheath of the adjusting range in the mode space. Source points for its construction are presented in Fig. 5. These are the same points that we see in Fig. 3, but the parameter Q 0 is now excluded.
Fig. 5. Source points of the consuming characteristic in the mode space with the axes x - n, y - q n, z - q t
Many points in fig. 5 is convex. Applying the convexhull () function, we defined the points that set the outer shell of this set.
Triangulation Delone (A set of linked triangles) allows us to build a shell of the adjustment range. The vertices of the triangles are the boundary values \u200b\u200bof the adjusting range of the PT-80 steam turbine under consideration.
Fig. 6. The shell of the adjustment range represented by many triangles
When we recorded a certain point on the subject of entering the adjusting range, then we checked whether this point is inside or outside the shell obtained.
All graphs presented above are built by MATLAB (see PT_80_LINEAR_CHARACTERISTIC_CURVE.M).
Perspective tasks related to the analysis of the work of the steam turbine using a linearized expenditure characteristic
If you make a diploma or dissertation, then I can offer you several tasks, the scientific novelty of which you can easily prove to the whole world. In addition, you will make excellent and useful work.
Task 1.
Show how the flat polygon will change when the pressure of the low pressure steam is changed.
Task 2.
Show how the flat polygon will change when the pressure changes in the condenser.
Task 3.
Check whether it is possible to represent the coefficients of the linearized flow rate in the form of functions of additional parameters of the mode, namely:
$$ DISPLAY $$ \\ begin (equation) \\ alpha_n \u003d f (p_ (0), ...); \\\\ \\ alpha_p \u003d f (p_ (n), ...); \\\\ \\ alpha_t \u003d f (p_ (t), ...); \\\\ \\ alpha_0 \u003d f (p_ (2), ...). \\ Equation $$ DISPLAY $$
Here p 0 is a pressure of a high pressure steam, P p - pressure of a medium pressure steam, P T is a pressure of a low pressure steam, P 2 is the pressure of the spent steam in the condenser, all units of measuring kgf / cm2.
Justify the result.
Links
Chucheva I.A., Inkina N.E. Optimization of the operation of the CHP in the conditions of the wholesale electricity market and the capacity of Russia // Science and Education: Scientific publication MSTU them. AD Bauman. 2015. № 8. P. 195-238.
- Section 1. Subtractative setting of the problem of optimizing the work of the CHP in Russia
- Section 2. Linearization of the Consumables of the Turbine
Comprehensive Modernization of the PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 steam turbine
The purpose of modernization is to increase the electrical and heat-power power of the turbine with an increase in the economy of turbo installation. Modernization in the scope of the main option lies in the installation of cellular nadurbant seals of the CLAS and the replacement of the flow part of the average pressure with the manufacture of a new ND rotor in order to increase the CSD bandwidth to 383 tons / h. At the same time, the pressure regulation range in the production selection is preserved, the maximum steam consumption into the capacitor does not change.
Replaced nodes when upgrading a turbine unit in the main option:
- Installation of cellular supbanda seals 1-17 Stages of FLOLD;
- CSD guide apparatus;
- The saddle of the RK CSD of a larger throughput with the improvement of steam boxes of the upper half of the CSD case under the installation of new covers;
- Regulating valves of the SD and the cam-diverboard;
- The diaphragms of 19-27 stages of the CESD, equipped with superband honeycomb seals and sealing rings with twisted springs;
- Rotor of the SND with installed new working blades 18-27 stages of CESD with solid-fledged bandages;
- Closure diaphragm №1, 2, 3;
- Owlock of front end seals and sealing rings with twisted springs;
- Natural discs 28, 29, 30 steps are saved in accordance with existing designIt allows you to reduce the cost of modernization (subject to the use of old nasadny disks).
As a result of the upgrade on the main option, the following is achieved:
- Increasing the maximum electrical power of the turbine to 110 MW and the power of the heat selection to 168.1 Gcal / h, due to the reduction of industrial selection.
- Ensuring reliable and maneuverable work of turbine installation on all operational modes of operation, including with minimally possible pressures in industrial and heat selections.
- Increasing the indicators of the turbo system;
- Ensuring the stability of the achieved technical and economic indicators during the frenetic period.
The effect of modernization in the scope of the main offer:
| Termagregate modes | Electrical power, MW | Steam consumption on the heat change, t / h | Steam consumption for production, t / h |
Condensation | |||
Nominal | |||
Maximum power | |||
With maximum | |||
Increase CPD CSD | |||
An increase in the efficiency of the CCD | |||
Additional offers (options) on modernization
- Modernization of the rope of the regulating stage of the FLOLD with the installation of superbanding cellular seals
- Installation of the diaphragms of the last steps with tangential bulk
- High-fermmetic seals of rods of regulating valves CLAD
Effect of upgrading on additional options
№ | Name | Effect |
Modernization of the rope of the regulating stage of the FLOLD with the installation of superbanding cellular seals | Increased power by 0.21-0.24 MW |
|
Installation of the diaphragms of the last steps with tangential bulk | Condensation mode: |
|
Seal of rotary diaphragm | Increasing the efficiency of turbo installation when working in mode with a fully closed rotary diaphragm 7 Gcal / hour |
|
Replacing Tweedbanda Seals FLOLD and CSD on cellular | Increasing the efficiency of cylinders (FVT 1.2-1.4%, CSDs by 1%); |
|
Replacing control valves CVD | Increased power by 0.02-0.11 MW |
|
Installing cellular terminal seals CND | Elimination of air suits through end seals |
Thermal steam turbine PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 of the production association of the turbo buildings "Leningrad Metal Plant" (LMZ feet) with industrial and heating steam selection with a rated power of 80 MW, maximum 100 MW with initial pair pressure 12.8 MPa is designed for direct drive Electric TVF-120-2 generator with 50 Hz rotation frequency and heat leave for the needs of production and heating.
When ordering a turbine, as well as in other documentation, where it should be denoted by "Turbine Steam 1GG-80 / 100-130 / 13 TU 108-948-80".
The PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 turbine complies with the requirements of GOST 3618-85, GOST 24278-85 and GOST 26948-86.
The turbine has the following adjustable steam selements: an absolute pressure production (1.275 ± 0.29) MPa and two heating selections: upper with absolute pressure in the range of 0.049-0.245 MPa and lower with a pressure in the range of 0.029-0.098 MPa.
The pressure control of the heating selection is performed using one control aperture installed in the upper heating selection chamber. Adjustable pressure in heating selections is supported: in the upper selection - with both heating selections included in both heating selections, in the lower selection - with the same lower heating selection included. Network water through the network heaters of the lower and upper steps of heating is passed sequentially and in the same quantity. Water consumption passing through network heaters is controlled.
Nominal values \u200b\u200bof the main parameters of the turbine PT-80 / 100-130 / 13
| Parameter | PT-8O / 100-130 / 13 |
| 1. Power, MW | |
| nominal | 80 |
| maximum | 100 |
| 2. Initial pair parameters: | |
| pressure, MPa | 12.8 |
| temperature. ° S. | 555 | 284 (78.88) |
| 4. Consumption of the selected steam on production. Needs, t / h | |
| nominal | 185 |
| maximum | 300 |
| 5. Pressure of production selection, MPa | 1.28 |
| 6. Maximum consumption of fresh steam, t / h | 470 |
| 7. Limits of changing the pressure of steam in adjustable heating selections of steam, MPa | |
| in Upper | 0.049-0.245 |
| in the bottom | 0.029-0.098 |
| 8. Water temperature, ° C | |
| nourishing | 249 |
| cooling | 20 |
| 9. Consumption of cooling water, t / h | 8000 |
| 10. Couple pressure in condenser, kPa | 2.84 |
With nominal parameters with fresh steam, cooling water consumption of 8000 m3 / h, a cooling water temperature of 20 ° C, fully incorporated regeneration, the number of condensate heated in a PVD, equal to 100% steam consumption through a turbine, when operating a turbo set with a deaerator 0.59 MPa, With a stepped heated of the network water, with the full use of the bandwidth of the turbine and the minimum passage of steam into the capacitor, the following selections can be taken:
- nominal values \u200b\u200bof adjustable selections with a capacity of 80 MW;
- production selection - 185 t / h at absolute pressure of 1.275 MPa;
- total heating selection - 285 gidge / h (132 t / h) at absolute pressures: in the upper selection - 0.088 MPa and in the lower selection - 0.034 MPa;
- The maximum amount of production selection at absolute pressure in the selection chamber 1.275 MPa is 300 tons / h. With this magnitude of the production selection and the absence of heating selections, the turbine power is -70 MW. At rated power of 80 MW and the absence of heating selections, the maximum production selection will be -250 t / h;
- the maximum total amount of heating selections is 420 gidge / h (200 t / h); With this magnitude of heating selections and the absence of industrial selection, the turbine power is about 75 MW; At rated power of 80 MW and the absence of production selection, the maximum heating selements will be about 250 gidge / h (-120 t / h).
- Maximum turbine power with production and heating selections off, with a cooling water consumption of 8000 m / h with a temperature of 20 ° C, fully turned on with a regeneration will be 80 MW. Maximum turbine power 100 MW. Received with certain combinations of industrial and heating selections, depends on the size of the selections and is determined by the diaphragm of modes.
It is possible to work the turbine installation with the passage of the feed and network water through the built-in bundle
When cooling the condenser with network water, the turbine can operate on thermal graphics. Maximum thermal power The built-in beam is -130 gidge / h when maintaining the temperature in the exhaust part is not higher than 80 ° C.
The long operation of the turbine with a rated power is allowed at the following deviations of the main parameters from the nominal:
- with a simultaneous change in any combination of initial parameters of fresh steam - pressure from 12.25 to 13.23 MPa and temperatures from 545 to 560 ° C; In this case, the temperature of the cooling water must be no higher than 20 ° C;
- with an increase in the temperature of the cooling water at the input to the condenser up to 33 ° C and the flow rate of 8000 m3 / h, if the initial parameters of fresh steam are not lower than the nominal;
- with a simultaneous decrease in the values \u200b\u200bof the production and heating selections of steam to zero.
- with increasing pressure of fresh steam to 13.72 MPa and temperatures up to 565 ° C, the operation of the turbine is allowed for no more than half an hour, and the total duration of the turbine under these parameters should not exceed 200 h / year.
For this turbine installation PT-80 / 100-130 / 13, the High Pressure Heater No. 7 is used (PVD-475-230-50-1). PVD-7 works when steam parameters before entering the heater: a pressure of 4.41 MPa, a temperature of 420 ° C and a steam consumption of 7.22 kg / s. Nutrient water parameters: pressure 15.93MP, temperature 233 ° C and consumption of 130 kg / s.
Introduction
For large plants of all industries that have large heat consumption, the energy supply system is optimal from the district or industrial CHP.
The process of electricity production at the CHP is characterized by increased thermal efficiency and higher energy indicators Compared to condensation power plants. This is explained by the fact that the spent heat of the turbine, allocated to the cold source (heat receiver at the external consumer), is used in it.
The work was calculated by the principal thermal circuit of the power plant based on the PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 industrial process, operating on the calculated mode with the outer air temperature.
The task of calculating the heat scheme is to determine the parameters, costs and directions of working fluids in aggregates and nodes, as well as the total consumption of steam, electrical power and indicators of the heat efficiency of the station.
Description of the fundamental thermal circuit turbine installation PT-80 / 100-130 / 13
The power unit with an electric capacity of 80 MW consists of a high-pressure drum boiler E-320/140, PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 turbines, generator and auxiliary equipment.
The power unit has seven selections. In turbo system, you can exercise two-stage heating of the power water. There is a primary and peak boiler, as well as a PVC, which turns on if the boiler cannot provide the desired heating of the network water.
Fresh pairs of a boiler with a pressure of 12.8 MPa and a temperature of 555 ° C enters the tour of the turbine and, working, headed into the turbine CSD, and then in Cund. After spending steam comes from Cund to the condenser.
In the power unit for regeneration, three heater of high pressure (PVD) and four low (PND) are provided. The numbering of the heaters comes from the tail of the turbo unigate. The condensate of the heating pair of PVD-7 is cascadingly merged into PVD-6, in PVD-5 and then in Deaerator (6 Ata). Drain of condensate from PND4, PND3 and PND2 is also carried out cascading in PND1. Then from the PND1 condensate of the heating steam, is sent to cm1 (see PRTS2).
The main condensate and nutrient water are heated sequentially in PE, CX and PS, in four low-pressure heaters (PND), in a deaerator 0.6 MPa and in three high pressure heaters (PVD). Vacation Couple on these heaters is carried out of three adjustable and four unregulated selections of a pair of turbine.
On the water heating unit in the heating network, there is a boiler installation, consisting of the lower (PSG-1) and the upper (PSG-2) of the network heaters that feed on the ferry from the 6th and 7th selection, and PVC. Condensate from the upper and lower network heaters is supplied with drain pumps into the mixers of CM1 between PND1 and PND2 and CM2 between the heaters of PND2 and PND3.
The heating temperature of the nutrient water lies within (235-247) 0 C and depends on the initial pressure of fresh steam, the amount of underheating in PVD7.
The first selection of steam (from the CVD) is to heat the feed water in PVD-7, the second selection (from the CVD) - in PVD-6, the third (from the CVD) - in PVD-5, D6ATA, for production; The fourth (from the CSD) - in the PND-4, the fifth (from the CSD) - in PND-3, the sixth (from the CSD) - in the PND-2, Deaerator (1.2 Ata), in PSG2, in PSV; Seventh (from Cund) - in PND-1 and in PSG1.
To replenish losses in the scheme, the crude water is provided. Crude water is heated in a heater of raw water (PSV) to a temperature of 35 o C, then passing chemical cleaningEnters the Deaerator of 1.2 Ata. To ensure heating and deaeration of additional water, the heat of the sixth selection is used.
Couples from seal rods in the amount of D PC \u003d 0.003D 0 goes to DeaErator (6 Ata). Couples from extreme seals cameras are sent to CX, from the average seal chambers in PS.
Blowing boiler - two-stage. Couples with an expander of the 1st stage goes to Deaaerator (6 Ata), from the 2nd stage expander in Deaerator (1.2 Ata). Water from the 2nd stage extender is fed to the mains of the power water, for partially replenishing the loss of the network.
Figure 1. In principal heat scheme CHP based on TU PT-80 / 100-130 / 13