Calculation of a solid fuel boiler for home heating calculator. Thermal calculation of the heating system
A competent choice of the boiler will allow you to maintain a comfortable air temperature in the room in winter time of the year. Big choice devices allows you to most accurately select the desired model, depending on the required parameters. But in order to provide warmth in the house and at the same time prevent extra costs resources, you need to know how to calculate the power gas boiler for heating a private house.
Gas boiler floor type has more power Source termoresurs.ru
Main characteristics affecting the boiler output
The power indicator of the boiler is the main characteristic, however, the calculation can be carried out according to different formulas, depending on the configuration of the device and other parameters. For example, a detailed calculation can take into account the height of the building, its energy efficiency.
Varieties of boiler models
Boilers can be divided into two types depending on the purpose of their application:
Single-circuit- used only for heating;
Double-circuit- are used for heating, as well as in hot water supply systems.
Units with one circuit have a simple structure, consisting of a burner and a single heat exchanger.
In double-circuit systems, the water heating function is primarily provided. When using hot water supply, the heating is automatically turned off during use hot water so that the system does not overload. The advantage of a two-circuit system is its compactness. Such a heating complex takes up much less space than if the security systems hot water and heating were used separately.
Often, boiler models are divided according to the method of placement.
Boilers can be installed in different ways depending on their type. Choose from a wall-mounted or floor-mounted model. It all depends on the preferences of the owner of the house, the capacity and functionality of the room in which the boiler will be located. The boiler installation method is also influenced by its power. For example, floor-standing boilers have more power than wall-mounted models.
In addition to fundamental differences in application and placement methods gas boilers they also differ in control methods. There are models with electronic and mechanical control. Electronic systems can only work in houses with constant access to the mains.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of house insulation. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Typical calculations of the power of devices
There is no single algorithm for calculating both one and two-circuit boilers - each of the systems must be selected separately.
Formula for a typical project
When calculating the required power for heating a house built according to typical project, that is, with a room height of no more than 3 meters, the volume of rooms is not taken into account, and the power indicator is calculated as follows:
Specific heat power is determined: Um = 1 kW / 10 m 2;
Rm = Um * P * Cr, where
P is a value equal to the sum of the areas of the heated premises,
Kr is a correction factor that is taken in accordance with the climatic zone in which the building is located.
Some values of the coefficient for different regions of Russia:
Southern - 0.9;
Located in middle lane – 1,2;
Northern - 2.0.
For the Moscow region, take the value of the coefficient equal to 1.5.
This technique does not reflect the main factors affecting the microclimate in the house, and only roughly shows how to calculate the power of a gas boiler for a private house.
Some manufacturers issue guidelines, but for accurate calculations they still recommend contacting specialists Source parki48.ru
An example of calculation for a single-circuit device installed in a room with an area of 100 m 2 located on the territory of the Moscow region:
Rm = 1/10 * 100 * 1.5 = 15 (kW)
Calculations for double-circuit devices
Double-circuit devices have the following principle of operation. For heating, water heats up and flows through the heating system to radiators, which give off heat environments e, thus heating the room and cooling. When cooled, water flows back for heating. Thus, the water circulates along the circuit heating system, and goes through heating and transfer cycles to radiators. At the moment when the ambient temperature becomes equal to the set one, the boiler goes into standby mode for some time, i.e. temporarily stops heating the water, then starts heating again.
For domestic needs, the boiler heats water and supplies it to the taps, and not to the heating system.
When calculating the power of a device with two circuits, an additional 20% of the calculated value is usually added to the received power.
An example of calculation for a double-circuit device, which is installed in a room with an area of 100m 2; the coefficient is taken for the Moscow region:
R m = 1/10 * 100 * 1.5 = 15 (kW)
P total = 15 + 15 * 20% = 18 (kW)
Additional factors to consider when installing the boiler
In construction, there is also the concept of the energy efficiency of a building, that is, how much heat is transferred from the building to the environment.
One of the indicators of heat transfer is the dissipation coefficient (Кр). This value is constant, i.e. constant and does not change when calculating the level of heat transfer of structures made of the same materials.
It is necessary to take into account not only the power of the boiler, but also the possible heat loss of the building itself. Source pechiudachi.ru
For calculations, a coefficient is taken, which, depending on the building, can be equal to different values and the use of which will help to understand how to calculate the power of a gas boiler for a house more accurately:
The lowest level of heat transfer, corresponding to a K p value from 0.6 to 0.9, is assigned to buildings made of modern materials, with insulated floors, walls and roof;
K p is from 1.0 to 1.9, if the outer walls of the building are insulated, the roof is insulated;
K p is equal from 2.0 to 2.9 in houses without insulation, for example, brick houses with single masonry;
K p is equal to from 3.0 to 4.0 in non-insulated rooms, in which there is a low level of thermal insulation.
Heat loss level QT calculated according to the formula:
Q T = V * P t * k / 860, where
V – this is the volume of the room,
Pt- R temperature difference, calculated by subtracting the minimum possible air temperature in the region from the desired room temperature,
k - safety factor.
The power of the boiler, taking into account the dissipation coefficient, is calculated by multiplying the calculated level of heat loss by the safety factor (usually from 15% to 20%, then it is necessary to multiply by 1.15 and 1.20, respectively)
This technique allows you to more accurately determine the performance and, therefore, to approach the issue of choosing a boiler as qualitatively as possible.
What happens if the required power is calculated incorrectly
It is still worth choosing a boiler so that it matches the power required to heat the building. This will be the most the best option, since, first of all, the purchase of an inappropriate boiler in terms of power level can lead to two types of problems:
A low-power boiler will always work at its limit, trying to heat the room to a given temperature, and can quickly fail;
Appliance with excessive high level power is more expensive and even in economy mode consumes more gas than a less powerful device.
Calculator for calculating the power of the boiler
For those who do not like to do calculations, even if they are not very complicated, a special calculator will help to calculate a boiler for heating a house, a free online application.
The interface of the online calculator for calculating the boiler power Source idn37.ru
As a rule, the calculation service requires you to fill in all the fields, which will help to make the calculations most accurately, including the power of the device and the thermal insulation of the house.
To get the final result, you will also need to enter the total area that will require heating.
Next, you should fill in the information about the type of glazing, the level of thermal insulation of walls, floors and ceilings. As additional parameters, the height at which the ceiling is located in the room is also taken into account, information about the number of walls interacting with the street is entered. The number of storeys of the building, the presence of structures on top of the house are taken into account.
After entering the required fields, the button for performing calculations becomes "active" and you can get the calculation by clicking on the corresponding button. To check the information received, you can use the calculation formulas.
Video description
You can clearly see the calculation of the power of a gas boiler in the video:
Benefits of using gas boilers
Gas equipment has a number of advantages and disadvantages. The pluses include:
the possibility of partial automation of the boiler operation;
unlike other energy sources, natural gas has a low cost;
the devices do not require frequent maintenance.
To the disadvantages gas systems carry a high explosive gas, however, when proper storage gas cylinders, timely holding Maintenance, this risk is minimal.
On our website you can get acquainted with construction companies that offer services for the connection of electrical and gas equipment. You can communicate directly with representatives at the Low-Rise Country House Exhibition.
Conclusion
Despite the seeming simplicity of the calculations, it must be remembered that gas equipment must be selected and installed by professionals. In this case, you will receive a trouble-free device that will work properly for many years.
Autonomous heating for a private house is available, comfortable and varied. You can install a gas boiler and not depend on the vagaries of nature or system failures district heating... The main thing is to choose the right equipment and calculate the heating capacity of the boiler. If the capacity exceeds the heat needs of the premises, then the money for the installation of the unit will be wasted. In order for the heat supply system to be comfortable and financially profitable, at the design stage it is necessary to calculate the power of the gas heating boiler.
Basic values for calculating heating power
The easiest way to get data on the heating performance of the boiler by the area of the house: taken 1 kW of power for every 10 sq. m... However, this formula has serious errors, because modern construction technologies, type of terrain, climatic changes in temperature, the level of thermal insulation, the use of double-glazed windows, and the like.
To make a more accurate calculation of the boiler heating power, you need to take into account whole line important factors affecting the final result:
- dimensions of the dwelling;
- the degree of home insulation;
- the presence of double-glazed windows;
- thermal insulation of walls;
- type of building;
- air temperature outside the window during the coldest season;
- type of heating circuit wiring;
- the ratio of the area of load-bearing structures and openings;
- heat loss of the building.
In houses with forced ventilation the calculation of the heating capacity of the boiler must take into account the amount of energy required to heat the air. Experts advise making a gap of 20% when using the obtained result of the boiler's thermal power in case of unforeseen situations, severe cold snap or a decrease in gas pressure in the system.
With an unreasonable increase in thermal power, it is possible to reduce the efficiency of the heating unit, increase the cost of purchasing system elements, and lead to rapid wear of components. That is why it is so important to correctly calculate the power of the heating boiler and apply it to the indicated dwelling. The data can be obtained using a simple formula W = S * W beats, where S is the area of the house, W is the factory power of the boiler, W beats is the specific power for calculations in a certain climatic zone, it can be adjusted according to the peculiarities of the user's region. The result should be rounded up to a larger value in case of heat leakage in the house.
For those who do not want to waste time on mathematical calculations, you can use the online gas boiler power calculator. Just keep individual data on the characteristics of the room and get a ready-made answer.
The formula for obtaining the power of the heating system
The online heating boiler power calculator makes it possible to get the necessary result in a matter of seconds, taking into account all the above characteristics, which affect the final result of the data obtained. In order to use such a program correctly, it is necessary to enter the prepared data into the table: the type of window glazing, the level of thermal insulation of the walls, the ratio of the areas of the floor and the window opening, the average temperature outside the house, the number of side walls, the type and area of the room. And then press the "Calculate" button and get the result on the heat loss and heat output of the boiler.
In any heating system that uses a liquid heat carrier, its "heart" is the boiler. It is here that the energy potential of fuel (solid, gaseous, liquid) or electricity is converted into heat, which is transferred to the coolant, and is already carried by it to all heated rooms of a house or apartment. Naturally, the capabilities of any boiler are not unlimited, that is, they are limited by its technical and operational characteristics indicated in the product passport.
One of the key characteristics is thermal power unit. Simply put, it must have the ability to generate such an amount of heat per unit of time, which would be sufficient to fully heat all the premises of a house or apartment. The selection of a suitable model "by eye" or according to some overly generalized concepts can lead to an error in one direction or another. Therefore, in this publication we will try to offer the reader, albeit not professional, but nevertheless with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy, an algorithm on how to calculate the power of a boiler for heating a house.
A trivial question - why know the required boiler power
Despite the fact that the question does seem to be rhetorical, it still seems necessary to provide a couple of explanations. The fact is that some owners of houses or apartments still manage to make mistakes, going to one extreme or another. That is, when purchasing equipment, either knowingly insufficient thermal performance, hoping to save money, or greatly overestimated, so that, in their opinion, it is guaranteed, with a large margin, to provide themselves with heat in any situation.
Both are completely wrong, and negatively affects both the provision of comfortable conditions residence, and on the durability of the equipment itself.
- Well, with the lack of calorific value, everything is more or less clear. With the onset of winter cold weather, the boiler will work at its full capacity, and it is not a fact that there will be a comfortable microclimate in the premises. This means that you will have to "catch up with heat" with the help of an electric heating appliances, which will entail unnecessary considerable expenses. And the boiler itself, operating at the limit of its capabilities, is unlikely to last long. In any case, after a year or two, homeowners will unequivocally realize the need to replace the unit with a more powerful one. One way or another, the cost of a mistake is quite impressive.
- Well, why not buy a boiler with a large margin, how can this hinder? Yes, of course, high-quality heating of the premises will be provided. But now let's list the "cons" of this approach:
Firstly, a boiler of higher power by itself can cost significantly more, and it is difficult to call such a purchase rational.
Secondly, with an increase in power, the dimensions and weight of the unit almost always increase. These are unnecessary difficulties during installation, "stolen" space, which is especially important if the boiler is planned to be placed, for example, in the kitchen or in another room of the living area of the house.
Thirdly, you can face the uneconomic operation of the heating system - part of the energy resources expended will be spent, in fact, in vain.
Fourthly, excess capacity is the regular long-term shutdowns of the boiler, which, in addition, are accompanied by cooling of the chimney and, accordingly, abundant formation of condensate.
Fifth, if powerful equipment is never properly loaded, it does not benefit it. Such a statement may seem paradoxical, but it is so - wear becomes higher, the duration of accident-free operation is significantly reduced.
Prices for popular heating boilers
Excess boiler power will be appropriate only if it is planned to connect a water heating system to it for household needs- boiler indirect heating... Well, or when it is planned to expand the heating system in the future. For example, the owners are planning to build a residential extension to the house.
Methods for calculating the required boiler power
In truth, it is always better to trust specialists to carry out heat engineering calculations - there are too many nuances to be taken into account. But, it is clear that such services are not provided free of charge, so many owners prefer to take responsibility for choosing the parameters of boiler equipment.
Let's see what methods of calculating thermal power are most often offered on the Internet. But first, let's clarify the question of what exactly should influence this parameter. This will make it easier to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each of the proposed calculation methods.
What principles are key in making calculations
So, the heating system has two main tasks. Let us clarify right away that there is no clear separation between them - on the contrary, there is a very close relationship.
- The first is to create and maintain a comfortable temperature for living in the premises. Moreover, this level of heating should apply to the entire volume of the room. Of course, due to physical laws, temperature gradation in height is still inevitable, but it should not affect the feeling of the comfort of being in the room. It turns out that it should be able to warm up a certain volume of air.
The degree of temperature comfort is undoubtedly a subjective value, that is different people it can be assessed in its own way. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that this indicator is in the range of +20 ÷ 22 ° С. Usually, it is precisely this temperature that is operated when carrying out heat engineering calculations.
This is also indicated by the standards established by the current GOST, SNiP and SanPiN. For example, the table below shows the requirements of GOST 30494-96:
| Room type | Air temperature level, ° С | |
|---|---|---|
| optimal | permissible | |
| Living spaces | 20 ÷ 22 | 18 ÷ 24 |
| Living quarters for regions with minimum winter temperatures of -31 ° C and below | 21 ÷ 23 | 20 ÷ 24 |
| Kitchen | 19 ÷ 21 | 18 ÷ 26 |
| Toilet | 19 ÷ 21 | 18 ÷ 26 |
| Bathroom, combined bathroom | 24 ÷ 26 | 18 ÷ 26 |
| Office, rooms for rest and study sessions | 20 ÷ 22 | 18 ÷ 24 |
| The corridor | 18 ÷ 20 | 16 ÷ 22 |
| Lobby, staircase | 16-18 | 14 ÷ 20 |
| Pantries | 16-18 | 12 ÷ 22 |
| Living quarters (the rest are not standardized) | 22 ÷ 25 | 20 ÷ 28 |
- The second task is to constantly compensate for possible heat losses. To create an “ideal” house, in which there would be no heat leaks at all, is a problem that is practically insoluble. You can only reduce them to the ultimate minimum. And practically all elements of the building structure become leakage paths to one degree or another.
| Building structure element | Approximate share of total heat losses |
|---|---|
| Foundation, plinth, floors of the first floor (on the ground or over an unheated felling) | from 5 to 10% |
| Joints building structures | from 5 to 10% |
| Sections of the passage of engineering communications through construction structures (sewer pipes, water supply, gas supply, electrical or communication cables, etc.) | up to 5% |
| External walls, depending on the level of thermal insulation | from 20 to 30% |
| Windows and doors to the street | about 20 ÷ 25%, of which about half - due to insufficient sealing of boxes, poor fit of frames or canvases |
| Roof | up to 20% |
| Chimney and ventilation | up to 25 ÷ 30% |
Why were all these rather lengthy explanations given? And only in order for the reader to have complete clarity that when calculating, willy-nilly, it is necessary to take into account both directions. That is, both the "geometry" of the heated premises of the house, and the approximate level of heat losses from them. And the amount of these heat leaks, in turn, depends on a number of factors. This is the difference in temperatures outside and in the house, and the quality of thermal insulation, and the features of the whole house as a whole and the location of each of its premises, and other evaluation criteria.
You may be interested in information about which are suitable
Now, armed with this preliminary knowledge, let's move on to considering different methods calculating the required thermal power.
Calculation of power by the area of heated premises
It is proposed to proceed from their conditional ratio, that for high-quality heating of one square meter of the area of the room, it is necessary to consume 100 W of thermal energy. Thus, it will help to calculate which:
Q =Stot / 10
Q- the required heat output of the heating system, expressed in kilowatts.
Stot- the total area of the heated premises of the house, square meters.
However, reservations are made:
- The first is that the ceiling height of the room should be 2.7 meters on average, a range of 2.5 to 3 meters is allowed.
- The second - you can make an amendment for the region of residence, that is, accept not a rigid rate of 100 W / m², but a "floating" one:
That is, the formula will take on a slightly different form:
Q =Stot ×Qsp / 1000
Qud - the value of the specific heat output taken from the table above square meter area.
- Third, the calculation is valid for houses or apartments with an average degree of insulation of the enclosing structures.
Nevertheless, despite the above-mentioned reservations, such a calculation is by no means accurate. Agree that it is largely based on the "geometry" of the house and its premises. But heat loss is practically not taken into account, except for the rather "blurred" ranges of specific thermal power by region (which also have very vague boundaries), and remarks that the walls should have an average degree of insulation.
But be that as it may, this method is still popular, precisely because of its simplicity.
It is clear that the operational reserve of the boiler power must be added to the calculated value obtained. It should not be overestimated too much - experts advise to stop at the range from 10 to 20%. This, by the way, applies to all methods of calculating power. heating equipment, which will be discussed below.
Calculation of the required thermal power by the volume of premises
By and large, this method of calculation is largely the same as the previous one. True, the initial value here is not the area, but the volume - in fact, the same area, but multiplied by the height of the ceilings.
And the norms of specific thermal power are taken here as follows:
- for brick houses- 34 W / m³;
- for panel houses- 41 W / m³.
Even based on the proposed values (from their formulation), it becomes clear that these norms were established for apartment buildings, and are mainly used to calculate the heat demand for premises connected to central system branches or to an autonomous boiler station.
It is quite obvious that "geometry" is again put at the forefront. And the whole system of accounting for heat losses is reduced only to differences in the thermal conductivity of brick and panel walls.
In a word, this approach to calculating thermal power does not differ in accuracy either.
Calculation algorithm taking into account the characteristics of the house and its individual rooms
Description of the calculation method
So, the methods proposed above give only a general idea of the required amount thermal energy for heating a house or apartment. They have a common vulnerability - almost complete ignorance of possible heat losses, which are recommended to be considered "average".
But it is quite possible to carry out more accurate calculations. This will help the proposed calculation algorithm, which is embodied, in addition, in the form of an online calculator, which will be offered below. Just before starting the calculations, it makes sense to step by step consider the very principle of their implementation.
First of all, an important note. The proposed method involves the assessment not of the entire house or apartment in terms of the total area or volume, but of each heated room separately. Agree that rooms of equal area, but differing, say, in the number of external walls, will require different amounts of heat. You cannot put an equal sign between rooms that have a significant difference in the number and area of windows. And there are many such criteria for evaluating each of the rooms.
So it will be more correct to calculate required power for each of the premises separately. Well, then a simple summation of the obtained values will lead us to the desired indicator of the total heat power for the entire heating system. That is, in fact, for her "heart" - the cauldron.
One more note. The proposed algorithm does not claim to be "scientific", that is, it is not directly based on any specific formulas established by SNiP or other guiding documents. However, it has been proven in practice and shows results with a high degree of accuracy. Differences with the results of professionally performed heat engineering calculations are minimal, and do not in any way affect the right choice equipment at its rated thermal power.
The "architecture" of the calculation is as follows - the base is taken, where the above-mentioned value of the specific thermal power is equal to 100 W / m2, and then a whole series of correction factors is introduced, to one degree or another reflecting the amount of heat loss in a particular room.
If you express this with a mathematical formula, it will turn out something like this:
Qk= 0.1 × Sk× k1 × k2 × k3 × k4 × k5 × k6 × k7 × k8 × k9 × k10 × k11
Qk- the required thermal power required for full heating of a particular room
0.1 - conversion of 100 W to 0.1 kW, just for the convenience of obtaining the result in kilowatts.
Sк- the area of the room.
k1 ÷k11- correction factors for adjusting the result, taking into account the characteristics of the room.
Presumably, there should be no problems with determining the area of the premises. So let's move on to a detailed examination of the correction factors.
- k1 is a coefficient that takes into account the height of the ceilings in the room.
It is clear that the height of the ceilings directly affects the volume of air that the heating system must warm up. For the calculation, it is proposed to take the following values of the correction factor:
- k2 is a coefficient that takes into account the number of walls in the room in contact with the street.
The larger the contact area with external environment, the higher the level of heat loss. Everyone knows that it is always much cooler in a corner room than in one with only one outer wall. And some premises of a house or apartment may even be internal, having no contact with the street.
According to the mind, of course, one should take not only the number of external walls, but also their area. But our calculation is still simplified, so we will limit ourselves only to the introduction of a correction factor.
The coefficients for different cases are shown in the table below:
We do not consider the case when all four walls are external. This is no longer a residential building, but just some kind of barn.
- k3 is a coefficient that takes into account the position of the outer walls relative to the cardinal points.
Even in winter, don't discount the potential impact of energy. sun rays... On a clear day, they penetrate through the windows into the premises, thereby being included in the general supply of heat. In addition, the walls receive a charge solar energy, which leads to a decrease in the total amount of heat loss through them. But all this is true only for those walls that "see" the Sun. On the north and north-east side of the house, there is no such influence, for which a certain correction can also be made.
The values of the correction factor for the cardinal points are in the table below:
- k4 - coefficient taking into account the direction of winter winds.
Perhaps this amendment is not mandatory, but for houses located in open areas, it makes sense to take it into account.
You may be interested in information about what are
Almost in any locality there is a predominance of winter winds - this is also called the "wind rose". Local meteorologists have such a scheme without fail - it is drawn up based on the results of many years of weather observations. Quite often, the locals themselves are well aware of which winds most often disturb them in winter.
And if the wall of the room is located on the windward side, and is not protected by some natural or artificial barriers from the wind, then it will be cooled much more strongly. That is, and heat losses the premises are growing. To a lesser extent, this will be expressed at the wall located parallel to the direction of the wind, in the minimum - located on the leeward side.
If there is no desire to "bother" with this factor, or there is no reliable information about the winter wind rose, then you can leave the coefficient equal to one. Or, conversely, take it as maximum, just in case, that is, for the most unfavorable conditions.
The values of this correction factor are in the table:
- k5 is a coefficient that takes into account the level of winter temperatures in the region of residence.
If you carry out heat engineering calculations according to all the rules, then the assessment of heat losses is carried out taking into account the temperature difference in the room and outside. It is clear that the colder in terms of climatic conditions the region, the more heat is required to be supplied to the heating system.
In our algorithm, this will also be taken into account to a certain extent, but with an acceptable simplification. Depending on the level of minimum winter temperatures falling on the coldest decade, a correction factor k5 is selected .
Here it is pertinent to make one remark. The calculation will be correct if the temperatures that are considered normal for the given region are taken into account. There is no need to recall the abnormal frosts that happened, say, several years ago (and that is why, by the way, they are remembered). That is, the lowest, but normal temperature for a given area should be chosen.
- k6 is a coefficient that takes into account the quality of the thermal insulation of the walls.
It is quite clear that what more efficient system wall insulation, the lower the level of heat loss will be. Ideally, to which one should strive, thermal insulation should generally be complete, carried out on the basis of the performed thermal engineering calculations, taking into account climatic conditions region and design features of the house.
When calculating the required heat output of the heating system, the existing thermal insulation of the walls should also be taken into account. The following gradation of correction factors is proposed:
An insufficient degree of thermal insulation or its complete absence at all, in theory, should not be observed at all in a residential building. V otherwise the heating system will be very costly, and even without the guarantee of creating truly comfortable living conditions.
You may be interested in information about the heating system
If the reader wishes to independently assess the level of thermal insulation of his home, he can use the information and calculator, which are placed in the last section of this publication.
- k7 andk8 are coefficients that take into account heat loss through the floor and ceiling.
The following two coefficients are similar - their introduction into the calculation takes into account the approximate level of heat losses through the floors and ceilings of the premises. There is no need to describe in detail here - both the possible options and the corresponding values of these coefficients are shown in the tables:
To begin with, the coefficient k7, which corrects the result depending on the characteristics of the floor:
Now is the coefficient k8, correcting for the neighborhood from above:
- k9 is a coefficient that takes into account the quality of the windows in the room.
Here, too, everything is simple - the higher the quality of the windows, the less heat loss through them. Old wooden frames, as a rule, do not have good thermal insulation characteristics. The situation is better with modern window systems equipped with double-glazed windows. But they can also have a certain gradation - according to the number of chambers in the glass unit and according to other design features.
For our simplified calculation, the following values of the coefficient k9 can be applied:
- k10 is a factor correcting the area of the room's glazing.
The quality of windows does not yet fully reveal all the volumes of possible heat loss through them. Highly great importance has a glazing area. Agree, it is difficult to compare a small window and a huge panoramic window that is almost the entire wall.
To make an adjustment for this parameter, you first need to calculate the so-called room glazing coefficient. It is not difficult - it is just that the ratio of the glazing area to the total area of the room is found.
kw =sw /S
kw- coefficient of glazing of the room;
sw- total area of glazed surfaces, m²;
S- area of the room, m².
Everyone can measure and sum up the area of windows. And then it is easy to find the required glazing coefficient by simple division. And he, in turn, makes it possible to enter the table and determine the value of the correction factor k10 :
| Glazing coefficient value kw | The value of the coefficient k10 |
|---|---|
| - up to 0.1 | 0.8 |
| - from 0.11 to 0.2 | 0.9 |
| - from 0.21 to 0.3 | 1.0 |
| - from 0.31 to 0.4 | 1.1 |
| - from 0.41 to 0.5 | 1.2 |
| - over 0.51 | 1.3 |
- k11 - coefficient taking into account the presence of doors to the street.
The last of the considered coefficients. The room may have a door leading directly to the street, on cold balcony, into an unheated corridor or entrance, etc. Not only is the door itself often a very serious "cold bridge" - with its regular opening, a fair amount of cold air will penetrate into the room every time. Therefore, a correction should be made for this factor: such heat losses, of course, require additional compensation.
The values of the coefficient k11 are given in the table:
This factor should be taken into account if the doors are regularly used in winter.
You may be interested in information about what constitutes
* * * * * * *
So, all the correction factors have been considered. As you can see, there is nothing super complicated here, and you can safely proceed to the calculations.
One more tip before starting calculations. Everything will be much easier if you first draw up a table, in the first column of which you sequentially indicate all the rooms of the house or apartment to be sealed off. Further, according to the columns, place the data required for calculations. For example, in the second column - the area of the room, in the third - the height of the ceilings, in the fourth - orientation to the cardinal points - and so on. It is not difficult to draw up such a tablet, having in front of you a plan of your residential estates. It is clear that the calculated values of the required heat output for each room will be entered in the last column.
The table can be drawn up in an office application, or even simply drawn on a piece of paper. And do not rush to part with it after the calculations - the obtained heat power indicators will still come in handy, for example, when purchasing heating radiators or electric heating devices used as backup source heat.
To make it as easy as possible for the reader to carry out such calculations, a special online calculator is placed below. With it, with the initial data previously collected in a table, the calculation will take literally a few minutes.
Calculator for calculating the required thermal power for the premises of a house or apartment.
Calculation of the power of the heating boiler, in particular, a gas boiler, is necessary not only for the selection of boiler and heating equipment, but also to ensure the comfortable functioning of the heating system as a whole and to avoid unnecessary operating costs.
From the point of view of physics, only four parameters are involved in the calculation of thermal power: the air temperature outside, the required temperature inside, the total volume of the premises and the degree of thermal insulation of the house, on which heat losses depend. But in reality, everything is not so simple. Outdoor temperature varies depending on the season, the requirements for the internal temperature are determined by the mode of residence, the total volume of the premises must first be calculated, and the heat loss depends on the materials and construction of the house, as well as on the size, quantity and quality of windows.
Gas boiler power and gas consumption calculator per year
The calculator of the power of a gas boiler and gas consumption per year presented here can significantly facilitate the task of choosing a gas boiler for you - just select the appropriate field values, and you will get the required values.
Please note that the calculator calculates not only the optimal power of a gas boiler for heating a house, but also the average annual gas consumption. That is why the parameter “number of residents” has been introduced into the calculator. It is necessary in order to take into account average consumption gas for cooking and receiving hot water for domestic needs.
This parameter is relevant only if for kitchen stove and a water heater you also use gas. If you use other devices for this, for example, electric, or even do not cook at home and do without hot water - put zero in the field "number of residents".
The following data has been applied in the calculation:
- duration heating season- 5256 h;
- duration of temporary residence (summer and weekend 130 days) - 3120 hours;
- average temperature for the heating period - minus 2.2 ° C;
- the air temperature of the coldest five-day period in St. Petersburg is minus 26 ° C;
- soil temperature under the house during the heating season - 5 ° C;
- reduced room temperature in the absence of a person - 8.0 ° C;
- warming attic floor- a layer of mineral wool with a density of 50 kg / m³ and a thickness of 200 mm.