Heat steam turbine T-50 / 60-130 It is intended for the drive of an electric generator and has two heat sewing for heating heat. Like other turbines with a capacity of 30-60 MW, it is designed to be installed on the CHP of medium and small cities. Pressure both in heating and in the production selection is maintained by regulating rotary diaphragms installed in the CND.

The turbine is designed to work with the following nominal parameters:

· Pressure overheated steam - 3.41 MPa;

· The temperature of the superheated steam - 396 ° C;

· Nominal power of the turbine - 50 MW.

Sequence technological process The working fluid consists in the following: steam generated in the boiler, on steam plants is sent to the cylinder high pressure The turbine, spending on all steps, the CCDD enters the CND after which enters the condenser. In the condenser, the spent steam is condensed due to the heat of given cooling water, which has its own circulation circuit (Circus. Water), further, with the help of condensate pumps, the main condensate is sent to the regeneration system. This system includes 4 HDP, 3 PMDs and deaeter. Regeneration system is designed for heating nutrient water At the entrance to the boiler to a certain temperature. This temperature has a fixed value and is indicated in the passport of the turbine.

The fundamental thermal circuit is one of the main power plant schemes. Such a scheme gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe type of power plant and the principle of its work, disclosing the essence of the technological process of energy generation, and also characterizes the technical equipment and thermal economy of the station. It is necessary for calculating the thermal and energy balance of the installation.

In this scheme, 7 selections are shown, two of which are also well-protected, i.e. Designed for heating the power water. Drainages from heaters are reset either in the previous heater, or with the help of drainage pumps to the mixing point. After the main condensate passed 4 PND, it enters the deaerator. The main value of which is not to heat the water, but to clean it from oxygen, which causes corrosion of metals of pipelines, on-screen pipes, pipes of steamers and other equipment.

The main elements I. legend:

K- (condenser)

Kuner installation

High Pressure Cycer

CND-cylinder low pressure

EG - electric generator

OE - Ejector Cooler

PS - Network Heater

PVK - peak water boiler

TP - thermal consumer

Kn - condensate pump

DN - drainage pump

Mon - Nutritious Pump

PND - High Pressure Heater

PVD - low pressure heater

D - Deaaerator

Scheme.1. Heat scheme T50 / 60-130 turbines

Table 1.1. Nominal values \u200b\u200bof the main parameters of the turbine

Table 1.2. Steam parameters in the selection chamber

Presented as the normative characteristics of turbine capacitors having a heat or production selection are composed on the basis of the following materials:

The test results of the capacitors K2-3000-2, K2-3000-1, 50KTSS-6A;

Characteristics of capacitors K2-3000-2, 60KTSS and 80KCS, obtained when testing turbines T-50-130 TMZ, PT-60-130 / 13 and PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 LMZ;

- "Regulatory characteristics of condensation plants of steam turbines of type K" (M.: SNECTRI ORGRES, 1974);

Development of the WTD them. F.E. Dzerzhinsky on thermal calculation and design of the cooling surface of high power turbine condenser.

Based on the analysis of these materials and comparing the experimental and calculated characteristics, a methodology for compiling regulatory characteristics was developed.

Comparison of the experimental characteristics of the capacitors, primarily the average heat transfer coefficient, with the calculated characteristics defined by the WTI methodology and recommended for engineering calculations, showed good convergence.

The proposed regulatory characteristics are calculated on the average heat transfer coefficient, taking into account the results of the industrial tests of capacitors.

The normative characteristics are constructed for a seasonal change in the temperature of the cooling water from 0 - 1 ° C ( winter mode) up to 35 ° C (summer mode) and cooling water costs varying from 0.5 to 1.0 nominal value.

Characteristics are compiled for capacitors with an operating clean surface of the cooling, i.e. With the highest achievable power plants with the purity of the cooling surface of capacitors from the water side.

Operational purity is achieved either preventive activities, preventing contamination of tubes, or the periodic cleaning of the capacitor tubes used on a given power plant by the method (metal hersham, rubber plugs, "thermal drying" with hot air, with a subsequent washing of a jet of water, a shot of a water-air gun, chemical flushing, etc.).

The air density of vacuum systems of turbines must meet PTE standards; Removal of non-confidential gases should be ensured by the operation of one air-outweighant device in the range of steam loads of the condenser from 0.1 to 1.0 nominal.

2. Content of regulatory characteristics

In this "regulatory characteristics", the characteristics of the capacitors of the heat turbines of the following types are given:

T-50-130 TMZ, condenser K2-3000-2;

PT-60-130 / 13 LMZ, condenser 60kcs; *

PT-80 / 100-130 / 13 LMZ, condenser 80KTSS.

* For turbines PT-60-130 LMZ, equipped with condensers 50kcs-6 and 50kcs-6a, use the characteristic of the condenser 50KTSS-5, given in the "regulatory characteristics of the condensation settings of steam turbines of type K".

When compiling "regulatory characteristics", the following main designations were adopted:

D.2 - steam consumption in the condenser (steam load of the condenser), t / h;

rh2 - regulatory pressure of steam in the condenser, kgf / cm2 **;

r2 - the actual pressure of steam in the condenser, kgf / cm2;

t.b1 - the temperature of the cooling water at the entrance to the condenser, ° C;

t.b2 - the temperature of the cooling water at the outlet of the condenser, ° C;

t."2 - the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure of steam in the condenser, ° C;

N.g is the hydraulic resistance of the condenser (the drop in the pressure of cooling water in the condenser), m of water. st.;

δ t.n is the normative temperature of the condenser, ° C;

δ t. - the actual temperature pressure of the condenser, ° C;

Δ t. - heating of cooling water in the condenser, ° C;

W.n is the nominal estimated consumption of cooling water into the condenser, m3 / h;

W. - cooling water consumption in the condenser, m3 / h;

F.p is the full surface of the cooling of the condenser, m2;

F.- the surface of the condenser cooling when the built-in condenser beam is disconnected, m2.

Regulatory characteristics include the following basic dependencies:

2.3 . The difference in the heat generation of the spent steam and condensate (Δ i.2) Take:

For condensation regime 535 kcal / kg;

For heat reference mode 550 kcal / kg.

Fig. II-1. Addiction temperature pressure From the consumption of steam into the condenser and temperature of the cooling water:

W.n \u003d 8000 m3 / h

Fig. II-2. The dependence of the temperature pressure on the consumption of steam into the capacitor and the cooling water temperature:

W. \u003d 5000 m3 / h

Fig. II-3. The dependence of the temperature pressure from the consumption of steam into the capacitor and the temperature of the cooling water.

Turbine T -100 / 120-130

Single steam turbine T 100 / 120-130 with a rated power of 100 MW at 3000 arr. / Min. With condensation and two heating steam selections, it is intended for direct drive of an AC generator, such as the TVF-100-200mW with hydrogen cooling.

The turbine is designed to work with the parameters of fresh steam 130 ata and the temperature of 565C, measured in front of the locking valve.

The nominal cooling water temperature at the input into the capacitor 20c.

The turbine has two heating selections: upper and lower, designed for stepped heating of network water in boilers.

The turbine can take a load of up to 120mW at certain values \u200b\u200bof the heating selections of steam.

Turbine PT -65 / 75-130 / 13

Condensation turbine with adjustable steam selection for production and heat change without industrial, two-cylinder, single-flowable, 65 MW.

Turbine is designed to work with next parameters couple:

Pressure in front of the 130 kgf turbine / cm 2,

Pair temperature before turbine 555 ° C,

Couple pressure in a production selection 10-18 kgf / cm 2,

Pressure of steam in the heat selection of 0.6-1.5 kgf / cm 2,

Rated steam pressure in the condenser 0.04 kgf / cm 2.

The maximum steam consumption on the turbine is 400 t / h, the maximum selection of steam on production - 250 t / h, the maximum amount of heat released with hot water - 90 Gcal / h.

The regenerative installation of the turbine consists of four low-pressure heaters, Deaerator 6 kgf / cm 2 and three high-pressure heaters. Part of the cooling water after the condenser is selected on the water reproductive installation.

Turbine T-50-130

The monomial steam turbine T-50-130 with a nominal capacity of 50 MW at 3000 rpm with condensation and two heating steam selection is designed to drive an AC generator, such as TVF 60-2 with a capacity of 50 MW with hydrogen cooling. Control of the turbine used to work from the control and control panel.

The turbine is designed to work with the parameters of fresh steam 130 at, 565 C 0, measured in front of the locking valve. Rated cooling water temperature at the inlet 20 C capacitor.

The turbine has two heating selections, upper and lower, intended for step heating of the network water in boilers. The heated of the feed water is carried out sequentially in the refrigerators of the main ejector and the ejector of suction of the seal of the seals with a slim heater, four PND and three PVDs. PND №1 and №2 feed on the ferry from heating selections, and the remaining five - from unregulated selections after 9, 11, 14, 17, 19 steps.

Condencators

The main purpose of the condensation device is the condensation of the spent pair of turbine and ensuring the optimal pressure of steam behind the turbine under nominal working conditions.

In addition to maintaining the pressure of the spent steam on the level required for economical work, the level is maintained to maintain the condensate of the spent steam and its quality corresponding to the PTE requirements and the absence of supercooling relative to the saturation temperature in the condenser.

Technical data of the capacitor 65xst:

The surface of heat transfer, m 3 3000

Number of cooling pipes, pcs. 5470.

Internal I. outside diameter, mm 23/25

Length of condenser pipes, mm 7000

Pipe material - copper-nickel alloy MNG5-1

Nominal cooling water consumption, m 3 / h 8000

The number of coolant strokes, pcs. 2.

The number of cooling water flows, pcs. 2.

Mass of the condenser without water, because 60.3

Mass of the condenser with filled with water space, T 92.3

Mass of the condenser with filled steam space at hydrotesting, t 150.3

The purity coefficient of pipes adopted in the thermal calculation of the condenser 0.9

Cooling water pressure, MPa (kgf / cm 2) 0.2 (2.0)

annotation

Chapter 1. Calculation of the thermal circuit of the turbine T 50 / 60-130 ......... .. ...... 7

1.1. Building load charts ............... ... .............................. ..7

1.2. Building a cycle of a parroid turbine unit .... .......... ................12

1.3. Distribution of water heating in steps .............................. .17

1.4. Calculation of the thermal circuit. ...................................................... ... 21

Chapter 2. Definition of technical and economic indicators .............................................................................. 31

2.1. Annual technical and economic indicators ................... .. ...... ... 31

2.2. Selection of steam generator and fuel ...... .. ........ .............................. 33

2.3. Electricity consumption for their own needs ....... .................. ... 34

Chapter 3. Environmental protection from the harmful effects of TPP ... .................................................................. ... 38

3.1. Safety regulations during the operation of steam turbines..43

Chapter 4. Technical and economic efficiency of power unit TPP ................................................................... ... ..51

4.1. The need to implement the project and technical solutions ......... 51

4.2. Investments .......................................................................... ... 51

4.3. Costs ......................................................................................... ..60

4.4. The cost of heat and electricity ................................. ... 65

Conclusion .................................................................................... .68.

List of sources used ................................................... ..69

Appendix .................................................................................... 70

Introduction

Initial data:
Number of blocks, pcs: 1

Type of turbine: T-50 / 60-130

Nominal / maximum power, MW: 50/60

Consumption of fresh steam nominal / maximum, t / h: 245/255

Pair temperature before turbine, 0 s: T 0 \u003d 555

Couple pressure before turbine, bar: p 0 \u003d 128

Limits of pressure change in adjustable seboctions, kgf / cm 2 heating

upper / Lower: 0.6 ... 2.5 / 0.5 ... 2

Calculated nutrient water temperature, 0 s: T PV \u003d 232

Water pressure in the condenser, bar: p k \u003d 0,051

Cooling water consumption, m 3 / h: 7000

Calculated heat change mode: PVC inclusion temperature

Heat coefficient: 0.5

Functioning area: Irkutsk

Calculated air temperature 0 S.

The temperature of the direct network water: T P.S. \u003d 150 0 s

Reverse Network Water Temperature: T O.S. \u003d 70 0 s

Chapter 1. Calculation of the thermal circuit of the turbine T-50 / 60-130

The operating mode of the TEU and the indicators of their economy are determined by the graphs of thermal loads, flow rate and temperature of the network water. The release of heat, the temperature of the forward and reverse network water and water consumption are determined by the temperature of the outer air, the ratio of heating loads and hot water supply. The release of heat in accordance with the load schedule is ensured by the heated water heating of the network water in the main network heaters and peak heat sources.
1.1. Building load charts
Schedule Duration of standing outdoor temperature

(Line 1 Figure 1.1) for Irkutsk. Information for building a graph is given in Table 1.1. Table 1.2
Table 1.1.

Table 1.2.

For temperature range on the axis, the ordinate corresponds to the number of days in the clock on the abscissa axis.

The graph of the thermal load of the outdoor air temperature. This schedule is set by the thermal consumer, taking into account the heat supply standards and high-quality control of the heat load. The maximum value of thermal loads on the release of heat with network water is dedicated to the heating temperature of the outdoor air.

COFFECTIVITY CEO.

Average annual heat load Hot water is accepted

unknown and noted on the basis of the schedule, MW:
, (1.2)

Values \u200b\u200bare determined from the expression:

(1.3)

where + 18 particulate temperatures at which the state of thermal equilibrium occurs.

Start and end heating season corresponds to the temperature of the outer air \u003d + 8 0 C. Thermal load is distributed between the main and peak heat sources, taking into account the rated load of the elaboration of the turbine. For a given type of turbines, it is located and postponed on the chart.
Temperature schedule of direct and reverse network water.
At the calculated temperature of thermal equilibrium +18 0 with both temperature graphics (Lines 3 and 4 in Fig. 1.1) come from one point with coordinates along the abscissa axis and ordinates equal to +18 0 C. Under the conditions of hot water supply, the temperature of the straight water can not be less than 70, so the line 3 has a break when (point A ), and on line 4 corresponding to the break at the point V.

The maximum possible temperature of the heating of the network water is limited to the temperature of the saturation of the heating steam, determined by the limit pressure of the t-selection of the turbine of this type.

The pressure drop in the selection line is accepted in this way

where is the saturation temperature at a pressure of the pressure in the network heater, thened heating to the saturation temperature of heating steam.

Ministry of Common and Vocational Education

Russian Federation

Novosibirsk State Technical University

Department of thermal and electric stations

Course project

on the topic: Calculation of the thermal chart of the power unit based on the heat turbine T - 50/60 - 130.

Faculty: Feng.

Group: This s - 91

Performed:

Student - Schmidt A.I.

Checked:

Lecturer - Borodichin I.V.

Protection mark:

novosibirsk city

2003

Introduction .................................................................................... .... 2

1. Building graphs of thermal loads .......................................... .2

2. Determining the parameters of the calculated block circuit ................................. 3

3. Determination of the parameters of the drainage of the heaters of the system of regeneration and parameters of steam in the selected ........................................................................................................

4. Determination of the cost of a couple ............................................................ 7

5. Determination of a pair of unregulated selections ........................... 8

6. Determination of non-production coefficients .................................... ... 11

7. Valid steam consumption on a turbine .......................................... ... 11

8. Selection of the steam generator .................................... ... .............................12

9. Electricity consumption for their own needs .................................... .12

10. Definition of technical and economic indicators .............................. ..14

Conclusion .................................................................................... .15

Used literature .................................................................. 15

Appendix: Figure 1 - Thermal Load Schedule

fig.2 - Thermal block diagram

P, S - Diagram of Water and Water Couple

Introduction

This paper presents the calculation of the body model of the power unit (based on the heat circuit T - 50/60 - 130 TMZ and the boiler E - 420 - 140 TM

(TP - 81), which can be located on the CHP in the city of Irkutsk. Design CHP in Novosibirsk. Main fuel - Nazarovsky brown coal. The power of the turbine is 50 MW, the initial pressure of 13 MPa and the temperature of the superheated steam 565 C 0, without promineragulation T P.V. \u003d 230 C 0, p K \u003d 5 kPa, A tzh \u003d 0.6. Binding to this city, located in the Siberian region, determines the choice of fuel from the nearest coal basin (Nazarovskaya coal pool), as well as the choice of the estimated ambient temperature.

The fundamental thermal circuit indicating the parameters of steam and water and the value obtained as a result of its calculation energy indicators Determine the level of technical perfection of the power unit and power plants, as well as largely their economic indicators. The PTS is the main technological scheme of the designed power plant that allows for the specified energy loads to determine the costs of steam and water in all parts of the installation, its energy indicators. On the basis of the TCP determine specifications And they choose thermal equipment, develop a deployed (detailed) thermal scheme of power units and a power plant as a whole.

In the course of the performance of the work, there is a construction of thermal loads, the construction of the process in the HS diagram, the calculation of network heaters and the regeneration system, as well as the main technical and economic indicators are calculated.

1. Construction of thermal load graphs.

The graphs of thermal loads are presented in the form of nomograms (Fig. 1):

a. a chart of changing the heat load, the dependence of the thermal load of the turbine q T, MW on the ambient air temperature T vz, C 0;

b. Temperature schedule for high-quality electricity leave - dependence of the temperature of direct and reverse network water T PS, T OS, from 0 from t vz, with 0;

c. Annual thermal load schedule - the dependence of the thermal load of the turbine Q T, MW on the number of hours of operation for the heating period T, h / year;

d. Schedule of the duration of the air temperature T vz, from 0 in annual cut.

The maximum thermal power of 1 block, which is provided by "T" the seboctions of the turbine, MW, according to the passport of the turbine is 80 MW. Maximum thermal power of the block, which is also ensured by peak water boiler, MW

, (1.1)

Where A CHP is the coefficient of heat, A CHP \u003d 0.6

MW.

Thermal load (power) of hot water supply, MW is estimated by the formula:

MW.

The most characteristic temperatures for the chart of changing the heat load (Fig. 1a) and the temperature schedule of high-quality regulation are:

t vz \u003d + 8c 0 - air temperature corresponding to the beginning and end of the heating season:

t \u003d + 18C 0 - the estimated temperature at which the state of thermal equilibrium occurs.

t vz \u003d -40c 0 - the estimated air temperature for Krasnoyarsk.

On the charts presented in Fig. 17 and 1B, the heating period T does not exceed 5500 h / year.

bar. Pressure drops in T-selection is: the bar, after the pressure drop is: p T1 \u003d 2.99 bar is C 0, underheating dt \u003d 5c 0. The maximum possible temperature of heating of the power water from 0