To provide high level security on real estate objects, special electronic systems... These include security and fire alarm.

In order not to install two independent alarms, which will require large financial costs, an integrated alarm system was developed, what it is and how it is used will be discussed below.

FSA is a fire and burglar alarm system, which are combined in one multifunctional system.

The advantage of this kind of complexes is that they have a single software and hardware module that controls the operation of all security and fire sensors, as well as external systems and devices that support security at the facility.

Modern security and fire alarms can be included in:

1. automatic fire extinguishing systems;
2. smoke protection;
3. integrated security systems;
4. access control systems.

The purpose of the OPS

In accordance with the GOST 26342-84 standard, the main task that the burglar and fire alarms must solve is to receive alarm signals from the sensors, process them, then transmit an alarm signal to the control panels of security and fire services, as well as provide users with information about an attempt to enter the premises. or a fire.

Purpose of security, fire and alarm systems:

• support for round-the-clock control of the territory of the protected object;
• detection of fires at the earliest stages;
• precise determination of the place of penetration into the object or the beginning of a fire;
• providing security and fire services, as well as property owners with information about a burglary attempt or the start of a fire;
• management of means of notification, autonomous fire extinguishing, smoke removal, personnel evacuation;
• automatic self-diagnostics of security and fire sensors, as well as executive systems;
• Supports full alarm functionality when powered from redundant power supplies.

OPS classification

Systems security and fire alarm have their own classification, which includes three categories.

Address

This security and fire alarm is designed to monitor large and medium-sized objects, protecting them from robbery and fire.

This type of signaling allows you to determine the exact place of the beginning of a fire or penetration.

This feature is associated with the ability of the sensors used to transmit to the central console, in addition to the alarm signal, also data about which of the sensors and in which loop worked.

Thanks to this, it is possible to accurately determine the dangerous place, which will make it possible to timely extinguish a fire or neutralize intruders.

Conventional

Security and fire alarms of this type are intended for the protection of small-scale objects.

Its difference from the previous system is that it allows you to determine only the number of the loop, the sensor of which transmitted the alarm. To determine the exact place where the danger is detected, this type of system does not allow.

Analog addressable

The security and fire alarm system of this class belongs to the most highly efficient and reliable systems that continuously monitor the protected object by analyzing various telemetric information: air temperature, the presence of smoke, strong mechanical vibrations, sound waves, etc.

The main difference from all previous fire alarm systems is that the decision on the danger notification at the facility is made by the central processor based on the analysis of a variety of indicators received from different sensors and sensors installed at the facility.

This type of security and fire alarm is a complex electronic complex, which is distinguished by high accuracy in determining the places of danger and practically does not have false alarms.

In addition, this type of alarm provides for the constant receipt of information from the sensors about the monitored parameter, therefore, if a sensor breaks down, then this can be instantly recognized through the visual notification of the alarm control panel.

OPS standard complete set

Security and fire alarms of any of the listed types include a certain set of devices that ensure its functionality.

The main ones include:

1. detectors (security and fire sensors);
2. receiving and control console;
3. hazard warning devices and systems;
4. communication lines between sensors and the console, as well as between the console and sirens (can be radio channel, wired loopback, GSM or GPRS);
5. system backup power(it could be accumulator battery, gasoline / diesel generator due to which the OPS system operates continuously);
6. peripheral executive devices;
7. specialized software for alarm management.

The sensors that are equipped with the security and fire alarm, depending on the technology for detecting intrusion into the object or the presence of a fire, are divided into the following categories:

• ultrasonic;
• infrared (passive or active);
• magnetic contact;
• radio waves;
• vibrating;
• acoustic;
• light;
• combined action.

Depending on the specific tasks for the implementation of which the security and fire systems are designed, they may include other types of sensors that allow you to control the parameters of the environment.

These can be sensors that monitor air temperature and humidity, gas and water leakage, etc.

Their use will significantly expand the purpose of the fire department. automatic alarm, providing it with functions that are characteristic of such systems as "smart home".

Sensors supplied with security systems, there are many types.

Among those used by the fire alarm system, the following should be highlighted:

1. smoke - determine the presence of smoke in the room (depending on the sensor used, they can be photoelectric, ionization, differential, aspiration, optoelectronic, radioisotope);
2. temperature (thermal) - fix the temperature rise above the set threshold (they can be differential, absolute, linear thermal cable, multipoint);
3. flame detectors - detect the presence of open foci of flame (the OPS system can have ultraviolet, infrared, optoelectronic and multi-range);
4. gas sensors - they detect the presence of a certain gas concentration in the air (they can be semiconductor, electrochemical, optoelectronic, thermal wave, thermometric);
5. multi-sensor sensors - this type of device can detect a fire by several parameters, the number of which is determined by the number of sensors in the sensor.

Standard functionality

Regardless of the model and manufacturer, each security and fire alarm must provide standard set functions, which includes:

• identification of hot spots in the early stages;
• determination of the moment of penetration into the object;
• detection of gas or water leaks in rooms;
• determination of an increase in temperature above normal, as well as the appearance of smoke;
• transmission of an alarm signal to the consoles of security and fire services;
• activation of warning and alarm systems;
• control of the operation of stationary smoke removal and fire extinguishing systems;
• management of the process of evacuation of people from the facility.

From what is presented above, we can conclude that even those basic functions that the fire alarm system has will effectively protect the object from fire and robbery.

Features of the design and installation of fire alarm systems

In order for the security and fire alarms to function effectively, it is important to correctly draw up its project and subsequently carry out high-quality installation of all functional elements.

The main points that should be considered when designing an FSA system include:

1. choice of the structure and type of the system used;
2. determination of the number of security and fire sensors of a certain type;
3. analysis of the need for placing additional functional sensors and sensors at the facility;
4. selection of the type and characteristics of the communication line through which communication will be carried out between the central console, detectors and actuators;
5. selection of the control panel, which should control the operation of the alarm system and communicate with the fire and security control panels (the console must be compatible with the panels);
6. determination of optimal sources of autonomous power supply, thanks to which the security and fire alarm system will function without interruption.

In the design process, it is also important to consider the possibility of extending the signaling functionality in the future. In this case, the alarm system can be easily improved by adding new sensors or warning devices without the need for significant reworking of the already functioning system.

Conclusion

The modern security and fire alarm system is exactly the security tool that will protect the object from both "uninvited guests" and from a possible fire.

Today there are a large number, like ready-made kits and individual devices, with the help of which an optimal fire alarm system for a specific object can be built.

To ensure that the created fire and security system always functions correctly and can help in case of trouble, you should entrust the installation of such systems to professional companies.

They will competently draw up a project, select the appropriate equipment and carry out its installation and configuration. Subsequently, the client will have a multifunctional and fail-safe security and fire alarm system.

Video: Security and fire alarm

To create an appropriate level of security at the facility, it is necessary to install security and fire alarms. The FSA system is a combination of technical means for detecting a fire and detecting attempts of illegal access to a protected perimeter. The two subsystems have common communication channels, similar algorithms for receiving, processing and transmitting information, alarm signals. In order to save money, it is best to combine them.

Alarms systems are by far the most widespread. These protective lines allow you to create an appropriate level of security for the protected object.

Thanks to the combination of technological means, the work of this kind of subsystems is based on several types of signaling: burglar, fire and emergency. The burglar detects attempts of illegal entry, the fire detects the presence of a fire, the emergency warns of the occurrence of abnormal situations (gas leak, water pipe burst, etc.).

What are the main tasks of security and fire systems?

Fire alarm systems are built on a combination that are integrated with each other. However, the goals set are individual for each subsystem. The following fire alarm tasks are distinguished:

• Reception, processing, transmission of information about the occurrence of a fire source;
• Determination of the location of the fire;
• Transfer of the command to the automatic fire extinguishing mechanism;
• The smoke extraction subsystem is started.

Tasks burglar alarm are:

• Detection of all attempts of illegal access to the protected area;
• Fixing the place and time of violation of access rules;
• Transfer of information to a computerized control panel.

Despite the fact that individual goals are allocated for both subsystems, the installation of alarm systems at the enterprise is designed to perform one common task: to ensure timely response to the conditioned factor and the transfer of relevant information about the event.

The video shows how the fire and security alarm works:

Complex composition of integrated security and fire systems

Fire alarm systems in their own way complex composition may differ from each other. First of all, it depends on the tasks that the security and fire alarm system performs. Typically, this complex includes three main categories of equipment:

• A device for centralized control and management of the operation of fire alarm systems (a computer equipped with a specialized software, central control panel, receiving and control mechanism);
• Devices for receiving, collecting and analyzing information coming from OPS sensors;
• Signal and sensory mechanisms (various types of sensors and notification devices).

Management of the FSA system and control over its implementation is carried out by a centralized device. Despite this, each alarm can be controlled by separate security services of the enterprise. When installing such protective circuits, the autonomy of the operation of each subsystem as part of an integral complex is preserved.

Security and fire alarm systems are equipped with sensors that allow detecting the occurrence of an alarm. As a rule, the technical characteristics of the sensor determine the parameters of the entire protection circuit. The mechanisms for receiving, collecting and analyzing information coming from the sensors of the fire alarm system are executive devices. They allow you to execute a programmed sequence of actions in response to an incoming alarm.

A feature of the security and fire alarm system is the ability to install it in two ways. The first is an FSA with closed (local) security, i.e. arming is carried out inside the facility with the transfer of relevant information to the security service of the institution. The second is arming in special units (private or non-departmental) and the fire department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Classification of OPS system complexes

At the guarded object, system complexes of security and fire alarms of various types can be installed:

• Conventional (analog);
• Address (poll and non-poll);
• Combined (addressable analog).

The conventional fire and security alarm system works according to a simple principle. The perimeter of the protected object is divided into several parts, in each of which a loop is laid. It combines several notification mechanisms. The loop receives information from the detector immediately after it is triggered. The disadvantage of this type of protective circuit is the possibility of false triggering of the device. The operability of the loop and detectors can only be checked during a technical inspection. The monitoring area is limited to the limits of one loop, and it is impossible to determine the exact location of the emergency situation. Centralized control is performed by security and fire panel mechanisms. At large facilities, when installing such systems, it is necessary to perform a large amount of work on laying the connecting wires.

The addressable security and fire alarm system can be interrogated and non-interrogated. When installing this type of protective line, addressable sensors are installed on the loop. When triggered, the code of a specific sensor is indicated. Non-interrogation lines, according to the principle of operation, are threshold lines. In the event of failure of any notification device, there is no communication with the receiving and control mechanism. A feature of polling systems is the periodic submission of a request for the operability of the notification mechanism. In survey schemes, the false alarm rate is reduced.

Today, the most common and effective are combined fire and security complexes. In practice, they are called analog addressable.

It is possible to connect to this system of various kinds sensors. All information is processed by specialized electronic computers. The system independently determines the type of sensor and sets the algorithm for its operation. The combined line allows you to quickly process information and make an appropriate decision. The expansion of such a subsystem with additional protective lines is possible without special efforts and costs.

Varieties of fire and security notification devices

The security and fire system must be equipped with sensors. Fire detectors are subdivided into:

• By the method of transferring the received information (analog and threshold);
• At the location on the guarded perimeter (external and internal);
• By the principle of fixing changes in space (volumetric, linear, surface);
• By the way of control of individual items (local or point);
• By the method of signal shaping (active, passive);
• By the current factor (heat, light, smoke, ionization, manual, combined);
• By the principle of physical impact (capacitive, seismic, radio-beam, closing).

Among the security sensors, the following subspecies are distinguished (according to the type of notification mechanisms used):

• Contact;
• Magnetic;
• Electrical contact;
• Infrared passive;
• Active;
• Volumetric radio waves;
• Volumetric ultrasonic;
• Microwave;
• Acoustic;
• Capacitive;
• Vibrating;
• Barometric.

The video shows more information about the security and fire alarm system:

Video surveillance and fire alarm systems - efficient device integration

Video surveillance systems installed at the facility allow you to control the protected area around the clock in real time. Modern solution is a combination of FSA and video monitoring. The installation of such integrated systems will make it possible to quickly and better identify the presence of a flame in the room or an attempt to illegally enter the protected area. Today, there are video cameras that can recognize smoke entering the lens, the presence of fire, or other indicators of risk.

Thanks to the integration of the video surveillance device into the FSA system, the work of security and fire installations is greatly facilitated. Video cameras allow you to timely identify the location of smoke or the presence of a flame. Also, this combination helps to warn people about the danger in time and carry out evacuation measures. Video cameras allow you to continuously monitor the events taking place both inside the structure and in the adjacent territory.

All data in the installed video surveillance subsystem is stored in the archive. Access to the archive is open at any time.

When introducing such a system into the operation of an existing fire alarm system, cameras from various leading manufacturers are used. Video surveillance at the facility has a number of possibilities:

• Lighting control;
• Sending text messages to persons responsible for ensuring security, including fire safety, about the state of the facility or the occurrence of an emergency;
• Immediate notification of building security sector staff;
• In the event of an emergency, it is possible to turn off engineering, communication and air conditioning subsystems;
• Recording and playback of video files;
• Mode setting;
• Setting the storage time for files in the archive;
• Scaling individual frames;
• Search, viewing and analysis of images according to the necessary parameters (by camera number, date, time, event, room).

In order to prevent unauthorized entry and identify fire sources, equipment for security and fire alarms is installed at the facilities, which is a whole complex of special technical means. Thanks to the integration of this complex into the facility's life support system, it becomes possible to form a multifunctional network that combines access systems, fire extinguishing systems and all kinds of engineering communications. This approach allows you to automate the process of operation and protection of the facility.

Functionality

When combining the fire and security alarm systems, a multifunctional complex is obtained, which simultaneously protects the object from fire and detects cases of unauthorized entry.

Integration is implemented at the management and centralized monitoring level. All systems of the complex are used centrally, but they function and are controlled separately. Simply put, they are autonomous in the overall system.

The fire alarm performs the following functions:

1. Timely fire detection.
2. Submitting an alarm to the appropriate services.
3. Informing people at the facility about what happened.
4. Ensuring safe evacuation.

Security alarm capabilities:

1. Prevention of unauthorized entry.
2. Organization of the access system (employees can only enter certain areas).
3. Fixing the place and time of penetration.
4. Determination of the method of penetration.

Fire alarm equipment

The list of used fire alarm devices depends on the functionality of the system and the tasks that will be solved with its help.

The equipment used to provide fire alarm can be conditionally divided into 5 categories:

♦ Equipment enabling centralized alarm management. This category includes a central computer with the necessary software. It is with its help that the automation of alarm management is carried out. The intrusion and fire panel can be used in cases where the installation of a fire alarm with a simplified configuration is required.

♦ Touch sensors are used to track specific areas of the object. The essence of their work is to control certain parameters, in the event of a change in which an immediate reaction occurs. This category includes all kinds of detectors and sensors.

♦ Executive equipment. Necessary to activate fire protection or intrusion protection. These devices are responsible for transmitting an alarm signal to the appropriate services and alerting people at the facility about potential danger.

♦ Cable equipment. Used to connect all of the above devices into a single complex. It is thanks to the wired equipment that the devices are switched, the transmission of control pulses and alarm signals is carried out.

Purpose of fire alarm devices

The fire protection system includes practically the same devices as the burglar alarm. The only difference lies in the used actuators and sensors. Below will be presented functionality each individual device.

Control panel

It is a small computer with special software installed. It controls the operation of each device in the system. The control panel allows you to configure the system and control its operation. Also, its functions include remote monitoring the operability of all connected devices.

Control panel

With the help of this special device, data is collected from the alarm sensors, followed by their analysis. These modules are installed separately or are part of the control panel. In systems with a simplified configuration, the control panel can be used as a control panel.

Sensors

This category of devices includes detectors and sensors different types controlling the necessary parameters in the area reporting to them. The sensor will only be triggered if the value of one of these parameters is out of range.

V currently presented on the market great amount all kinds of sensors that allow you to timely warn people about the danger and, using the receiving and control module, send the appropriate signal to the control panel.

There are several types of sensors used in automatic fire alarms:

1. Smoke detectors. Evaluate the smoke of the room that occurs in the event of a fire.
2. Thermal sensors. They capture changes in the temperature of the environment arising from a fire.
3. Flame detectors. They give a signal when an open flame is detected.
4. Gas sensors. They are triggered in the event of a change in the concentration of a certain gas in the air.
5. Hand sensors. Used by the site personnel to activate the fire extinguishing system when a fire is detected.
6. Multisensor sensors. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are able to analyze 4 signs of a fire at once.

All sensors used in fire alarm systems differ in operating parameters (response speed, sensitivity, etc.). The sensor model should be selected based on the tasks that need to be solved at the facility.

Types of sensors used in security alarm systems:

1. Motion sensors. Determine the presence of movement in a certain area.
2. Sensors for opening windows and doors. Allows to identify cases of opening of windows or doors.
3. Vibration sensors. Will give a signal if attempts are made to collapse structural elements object, including walls.
4. Acoustic sensors. They are triggered when glass is broken.

Also, security systems can be equipped with devices that control the parameters of the object's environment. These include sensors for monitoring water leakage, gas, increase in humidity and temperature.

Installation of equipment

It is very important to correctly install the alarm. The degree of protection of the object depends on this. To achieve the maximum level of protection, before starting the installation of equipment, develop a configuration and a security plan. fire system.

At this stage, the required number of detectors is calculated and the places of their installation are determined. The engineer needs to consider the speed of the sensors, their sensitivity and the coverage area.

Sensors should be installed in such a way that they overlap each other's sensitive areas. This approach will eliminate the presence of "blind" areas. Simply put, absolutely the entire protected area must be under control. It is also very important to avoid exposure of the sensors to external factors, which include thermal and ultraviolet radiation, as well as all kinds of mechanical stress.

To interconnect fire and burglar alarm devices, wired highways are used. To facilitate the installation of the system, wireless devices are used. In this case, the signal to the central panel from the sensors will be transmitted not by wires, but by means of radio channels.

Upon completion of the installation, it is necessary to make sure that all sensors, control and monitoring equipment and the central panel are operational.

Training video on alarm installation.

Conclusion

If you want your security and fire protection complex to work properly for years and performed the functions assigned to it, then the installation of the equipment should be entrusted to qualified specialists.

Today, many companies provide their services for the preparation and implementation of security and fire alarm projects. Some of them are additionally engaged in the sale of the necessary equipment, as well as maintenance and configuration of systems. Choose the right necessary equipment and only a professional can perform its installation faultlessly. The fire and security alarm system is a guarantee of the safety of life and material values ​​of a person.

Security and fire alarm systems(OPS) is something that no real estate object can do without. In Russia (as in other countries) there is a national GOST regulating the installation and service maintenance OPS. Its observance is monitored by the relevant services, applying tough measures to violators, which is not surprising - after all, a fire that has arisen and is not extinguished in a timely manner threatens not only property, but the health and lives of people.

That is why it is so important to know:

What is OPS;

Varieties of security and fire alarm systems;

Their advantages and disadvantages;

What are the main components they consist of;

What functions do they perform;

What to be guided by when choosing an OPS.

Aside from purely technical terms, a security and fire alarm is a combination of sensors, detectors, control and monitoring devices, as well as auxiliary equipment, designed to ensure the fire safety of the facility. The connection of the elements of the complex into a single whole can be wired or wireless, depending on specific situation and the wishes of the customer - but this does not affect the tasks set for the OPS.

● Timely detection of the fire source.

● Prompt fire notification of people and fire services.

● Prevention of false positives.

● Turning on the automatic fire extinguishing system.

● Regulation of air flow (from the air conditioning system, ventilation, etc.).

● Removal of smoke.

● Emergency control of building elements (doors, elevators, etc.).

Sensors(smoke, heat, flame, gas, etc.) fix the presence of a fire and transmit a signal to the receiving-control and control panels, which process the signal to prevent false alarms and, when the fire is confirmed, turn on the sirens, the fire extinguishing system and perform other programmed actions.

There are several types of FSA, which differ in the type of sensor connection and other parameters. Let's consider some common types of OPS.

Threshold or unaddressed FSA

The sensors are connected to common loops without specifying the number and location. In the event of an alarm from a sensor, the station will only know the number of the loop to which the triggered sensor is connected. Therefore, such OPS are installed only on small-sized objects, where there are no more than 30 rooms.

The advantage of such OPS is budget. Disadvantages - pretty big number false alarms, the difficulty of finding a fire source (especially in smoky rooms), expensive installation due to the high consumption of mounting materials and sensors (at least two per room).

Address FSA

Sensors are connected to loops with an exchange protocol, therefore information about each triggered sensor is visible at the station, i.e. there is an exact indication of the place of fire. This increases the responsiveness, but ... other disadvantages of threshold NSOs remain (it should also be taken into account that targeted NSOs are more expensive than threshold ones). Such OPS are also installed on small-sized objects.

Analogue addressable FSA

If the first two types of OPS considered by us were characterized by a low cost of equipment and a rather high cost of installation, then with analogue OPS everything is different: the high cost of equipment and budget installation... As a rule, such OPS are installed on large objects (shopping and office centers, etc.), but they can also be installed on a small object (if the issue of price is not relevant for the owner).

If in the address and threshold fire alarm systems the decision about the presence of fire was made by the detector, then in the address analogue ones it was the control system that monitors the state of the sensors and makes a decision based on the change in parameters. Such systems are among the most modern and reliable, since the level of reliability of the alarm signal is very high. In addition, the notification of the relevant services is also carried out promptly.

The advantages of analogue addressable fire alarm systems include:

Reliability of the system even in the event of a loop break;

There are algorithms that prevent false alarms (the sensitivity of the sensors is automatically checked, there is a day / night mode, etc.);

It is possible to expand the system without serious material costs;

A large number of additional and service options that simplify the work with the system;

Ease of interaction with automatic systems buildings (elevators, ventilation, etc.);

Ease and low cost of installation and service.

The disadvantage is the need to use a twisted pair for installation, with a limitation in length.

Combined OPS

The control and monitoring equipment in such FSA has a modular structure, and there are modules for analogue addressing and for connecting one- and two-port loops.