"He speaks poorly ...", "Does not pronounce the hissing sounds ...", "in the mouth seems to be a porridge," "misses the sounds, syllables," "Replaces many sounds of speech by others" - typical complaints with which parents come to the speech therapist. At first glance it seems that these speech difficulties have little in common. However, the reason they have one, and she is invalid.
What is the phonderatic hearing?

Phondematic rumor is not just hearing. The child can perfectly hear even the most silent whisper, but have an undeveloped phonamatic hearing.

Phondematic hearingresponsible for distinguishing the phone game (sounds) speech. It helps us distinguish words and forms of words, similar to sound, and correctly understand the meaning of the said, for example: Som-Lombie com.

If the child has poorly developed a phonderatic hearing, he canconfused sounding sounds. It can slow downprocess development of connected speech , learning to read and writing, because if the child does not know how to distinguish sounds, he will perceive (remember, pronounce, write) what he heard, and not what he really was told. From here - mistakes in speech and in writing.If you do not take action on time, then the defect will fix it, and the older the child becomes, the more difficult it will fix it.

By five years, the child should be able to determine the rumor, whether there is a certain sound in the Word, and choose the words to the specified sounds. But in practice it is not always the case.

In our language, despite the fact that the letters are only 33, there are much more sounds. And they often differ only in small shades.

It should be noted, most oftenchildren confuse sounds Similar to the sound or close to the method of education (pronunciation). As a rule, thiswhistling and hissing sounds: sch, z, sch, c-h, C-c, z-s;sonora: RL; solid and soft: bb, z-s, s-sm, etc.;write and deaf: Dt, VF, etc., this leads to an incorrect perception of words (initially) and in the future to be improper pronunciation (for example: "Tom", Cancer- "Lak", Luk- "Luke", Beetle - "Shchech"). IN last years Many children confuse the distant sounds: K-T, Mr., S-X.

The development of phonderatic hearing in all children occurs very individual.

Age norms of the development of phonderatic hearing.

The first year of life - Already in the third week, the child must show focus on sharp sounds, and in two months began to listen to more quiet noise. In three months, the baby is easily looking for a sound source, reacts to him with a smile, a complex of revival. I am pleased to listen to music. From four months, the child begins to imitate the sounds, it distinguishes its name for half a year. By the end of the first year of life, the kid distinguishes frequency words with the normal development of phonamematic hearing.

In the second year of lifephonematic hearing is actively developing. Despite the fact that it is still far from perfection, the child can already distinguish all the phonemes native language. By the end of the second year, the baby is able to determine the incorrectly uttered sound in the speech of adults, but its own pronunciation still does not control.

The most important achievementthird Year of Life - The child's ability to independently determine the wrong sound in his own speech. If this skill of phondematic perception is not formed to three years, the child will not be able to master the correct sound.

On the fourth year of life Phondematic hearing is improving, becomes more differentiated. The child already owns the skill of distinguishing between a similar background for rumor and in its own pronunciation, which serves as a foundation for mastering sound Analysis and synthesis.

On the fifth sixth year of life Sound analysis is formed - the ability to determine the sequence and number of sounds in the word. Only possessing the skills of analysis and synthesis, the child will be able to successfully master reading and writing.

• When to start developing a phonmematic hearing?
• Right from birth. Yes, it is from birth that we begin this long process. When we learn to repeat and distinguish words and sound resistance. Remember how to talk with infants? Ask kid:
• - How does the cat say? (Meow, Mur-r)
• - How does dad knock on the door? (Knock Knock)
• - How comes a car ? (U-U-U, DR-Rr)
• - How does the driver say? (S-S-C, Cap-Cap)

All these sound resistance phofuse the basis of the phonamatic hearing, the ability to hear speech sounds. But we need not only to hear, but also distinguish, and divide. Here, this, more complex learning stage we begin somewhere in 5-6 years. Here our task is to teach to divide the sounds, determine a separate sound in the word, distinguish with paired consonants, solid and soft sounds only on rumor. This is necessary, first of all, for literacy, in order for him to learn to write without problems. Because if you do not teach a child to allocate individual sounds in the word, he will not be able to write correctly. Such a child is constantly experiencing difficulties in writing, doomed to a low language assessment and problems are possible when studying other languages, thereforedevelopment of phonderatic hearing in children- The key to successful learning reading and writing, and in the future - and foreign languages.

The development of phonderatic hearing in preschoolers can be "spoiled" using special exercises. These exercises will help children recognize a given sound in words, determine the place of sound in the word, distinguish words and forms of words that differ in only one phoneplace.

Stages of work on the development of phonderatic hearing

FIRST LEVEL - recognition of non-heine sounds.

SECOND LEVEL

Third level

Fourth Level- Distribution of syllables.

Fifth level - distinguishing sounds

Sixth level

Work on developmentphonematics perceptionit begins on the material of non-heine sounds and gradually covers all sounds of speech.

Exercises for the development of phonderatic hearing are built on the principle of simple to complex. Having revealed, at what stage the child ceases to cope with the tasks, start from this level.

FIRST LEVEL - recognition of non-heine sounds. Distinguishing on the hearing of non-hearing sounds is the foundation and basis for the development of phonderatic hearing.

Game "Guess what sounded". Carefully listen with the child the noise of water, the rustle of the newspaper, the ringing of spoons, creaking doors and other household sounds. Offer the child to close your eyes and guess what sounded now.

The game "Noisy Bags". Together with the baby, pour into the bags of a croup, buttons, clips. The child must guess the sound of the shrunk bag, which is inside.

The game "Magic Wand". Taking a pencil or any wand, knock it on different subjects in the house. The magic wand will force the vase, the table, the wall, a bowl, etc. Then complicate the task - let the baby guess with closed eyes, which item sounded.

Game "Zhmurki". The child tie his eyes, and he moves to the sound of the bell, a tambourine, whistle.

The game is "praise." The child repeats the rhythmic pattern of cotton. For example: two cotton, pause, one cotton, pause, two cotton. In the complicated version, the baby repeats the rhythm with his eyes closed.

SECOND LEVEL - distinguishing sounds of speech on timbre, strength and height.

The game is "loud-quiet." Agree that the baby will do certain actions - When you pronounce the words loud and when quietly.

The game "Three Bear". The child guess, for whom of the heroes of the fairy tale says adult. More complex option - The baby himself speaks for three bears, changing the height of the voice.

Third level - distinguishing between the words similar among themselves.

The game "Listen and Choose". Before the child put pictures with similar sounds in words (com, som, scrap). Adult calls the subject, and the child must raise the corresponding picture.

The game is "right-incorrect." The adult shows the baby picture and calls the item, replacing the first sound (Food, Corot, Merot, Gate, Pallow, Chorota). The task of the child is to clap your hands when he hears proper option Pronunciations.

Fourth Level- Distribution of syllables.

The game is "praise." Adult explains to the child that there are short and long words. It welcomes them, intonationally sharing syllables. The joint child says words (Pa Para, Lo-Pa-Ta, Ba-les-Ri-n), having collected syllables.

The game "What is superfluous?" An adult pronounces the series of syllables of "Para-Pa-Pa-Ba Pa", "Fa-Fa-Va-Fa-Fa", etc. The child must slap when hears the extra (different) syllable.

Fifth level - distinguishing sounds. It is necessary to explain to the child that words are consisting of sounds, and then play a little.

The game "Who is it?" Komarik says "ZZZZ", the wind blows "SSSs", the beetle buzzes "Zhzhzh", the tiger growls "RRRR". An adult pronounces the sound, and the child guess who publishes it.

The game is "praise." An adult utters rows of sounds, and the child claps in your hands when he hears the specified background.

Sixth level - Mastering the skills of analysis and synthesis.

The game "How many sounds". Adult calls one, two, three sounds, and the child on the rumor defines and calls them.

The game is "praise." An adult progresses the ranks of words, and the child must slap when hears the word starting from a given sound.

Game "Guess the Word". The child offers words with the missed sound - they need to guess. For example, the sound of "L" (... Amp, we ... Oh, ... UK, Cook ... A, Mas ... o).

The proposed games can be varied depending on your capabilities and fantasies. Do not be afraid to improvise - it will make your classes with a child more interesting and useful. The most important thing is not to turn the game of training sessions; Let it be fun and interesting!

Bibliography.

1. Volkova L.S. Speech therapy: Tutorial. / Volkova L.S.- M.: Vlados, 2008.

2. Kazanskaya V.L. Schmatko N.D. Didactic games and exercises for the development of hearing perception, defectology, - 2002, - №5Slide 2.

Phondematic hearing is responsible for distinguishing the phone game (sounds) speech

most often, children confuse sounds similar to sound or close to the method of education (pronunciation). Whistling and hissing sounds Sonora solid and soft bellows and deaf distant sounds: K, Mr., S-X

Age norms of development of phonderatic hearing 1 year - the kid distinguishes frequency words. 2. annual child able to determine the wrong sound in the speech of adults incorrectly spoken, but its own pronunciation still does not control. 3 year - the possibility of a child to independently determine the wrong sound in his own speech. 4 year - owns the skill of distinguishing between similar background (sounds) on the hearing and in its own pronunciation 5-6, a sound analysis is formed - the ability to determine the sequence and number of sounds in the word

Stages of work on the development of phonmematic hearing: the first level is the recognition of non-snow sounds. The second level is the distinction of speech sounds on the timbre, strength and height. The third level is the distinction between the words similar to the sound. Fourth level - distinguishing syllables. Fifth level - the distinguishes between the Sixth level - the development of the analysis and synthesis skills.

First Level - Sneven Sound Learning The Magic Wand game. Taking a pencil or any wand, let it in different subjects. The magic wand will make the vase, the table, wall, musical instruments, etc. Then complicate the task - let the baby guess with closed eyes, which item sounded.

The second level is the distinction of speech sounds on the timbre, strength and height. The game "Three Bear". The child guess, for whom of the heroes of the fairy tale says adult. A more difficult option - the kid himself speaks for three bears, changing the height of the voice.

The third level is the distinction between the words similar to the sound. The game "Listen and Choose". In front of the child put pictures with similar sounds with words (onions, beetle, rat, roof). Adult calls the subject, and the child must raise the corresponding picture.

Fourth level - distinguishing syllables. Listen, which songs are sowing lion cubs, and after adults clearly, not in a hurry to repeat them. La - La - La - La La - Liu - Liu - Liu - Liu - Liu

Fifth level - distinguishing sounds game "Who is it? What is it?" Komarik says "ZZZZ", the beetle buzzes "Zhzhzh", the car rides RRRR. An adult pronounces the sound, and the child guess who publishes it.

The sixth level is the development of analysis and synthesis skills.

Thanks for attention!

Phondematic hearing - the basis of the right speech

The ability to focus on sound - very important feature man. Without it, it is impossible to learn to listen and understand speech. It is also important to distinguish, analyze and differentiate on the hearing of the phonemes (the sounds from which our speech is). This skill is called phonematic hearing.

One of frequent reasons The delays of the "Age Kosnovichia" in children are difficulty in the auditory differentiation of speech sounds, i.e. In distinguishing them on rumor. These difficulties are expressed in the fact that the child, as it were, does not catch the differences in the sound of similar sounds (ss, sch, lr), although, as a rule, these sounds are pronounced by the child correctly. For this reason, the word type of bowl is a bear and varnish - cancer, differing from each other with only one sound, perceived by him as completely the same.

And if you put two pictures with the image of a bowl and bears before such a child, and call them alternately, then the child will be confused at the request of them to show.

At the same time, the child understands the difference in the lexical meaning of these words. So, if you ask the child to show a spit-eyed and iron bowl, then he immediately can easily cope with this task, focusing on the meaning of the "prompting" words. Insulated, the tedied words teddy bear and bowl can be differentiated by ear only subject to distinguishing on the sound of sounds C and S.

And if your child has such shortcomings of sound sensing, then The main cause of them are difficulties in the audio differentiation of sounds. As a state of the articulation apparatus, your child is usually (with the exception of isolated cases), it could well assign the right sound testing for a long time.

This form of a violation of sound suspension is particularly convicted in the fact that with the beginning of school learning available in oral speech Child sound replacements, inevitably begin to reflect on the letter. Simplicity difficulties arise when reading.

With such a kind of speech problems, you must contact the speech therapist, but you can also give great help to the child in these cases.

I bring to your attention the following games and exercises:

For the development of sound attention:

"Guess what sounds".

An adult sounds different objects and offers a child who is sitting back to him, guess which item has been produced. The name of each sounding subject and its sound should be well acquainted with a child.

"Loud quiet".

Continuation of the previous game. If an adult loudly produces sound, then the child claps in your hands, and if quietly - raises his hand.

"Guess who said."

The game uses the knowledge of the "Three Bear" fairy tales. An adult pronounces any phrase, imitating intonation with a fairy tale character. The child guess who said the phrase.

For the development of phonderatic hearing:

"Hear a similar word."

An adult offers a child a picture "House", then pronounces a number of words. The child must repeat over adults only those words that sound like the word "house" (lady, com, melon, volume, sledge, som, scrap, etc.).

"Be careful".

An adult offers a child a picture, for example, the "album", asks it to be called. Next, it deforms the name of the picture, then calls it correctly: Anba, Amenbie, album, etc. On the correct name The child gives a positive answer, on the wrong - negative.

To teach a child to distinguish between sounds sounds, which he confuses in speech, you need to bring the difference in their sound to the child's consciousness. You are easier to do this by identifying speech sounds with sounds of objects, phenomena, well-known to the child. For example, the sound of a mosquito squeak, the sound of the beetle, the sound of the pump, the sound of the pump, the sound of the snake, etc. During such exercises, an adult long and quite loudly pronounces sounds mixed by a child, for example with - Sh, after which every time he asks that the pump or snake sounds?

The continuation of this game is the fulfillment of your teams by the child. You ask the child whistling or hissing, and he utters the desired sound.

ATTENTION!!! This option of the game is possible if the child is isolated these sounds pronounces correctly.

Usually such work on the auditory differentiation relatively quickly gives a positive effect. It remains only to ensure the child the necessary sample to imitate in the form of the right and distinct pronouncement of adults as possible more Words to distinguish with "difficult" for your child sounds.

For example,

Mish ka - Mis

Cas ka - porridge,

L burns - rgs,

D Rov - T Rava, Ut of Point - Ud Point,

Mar Ina - Mal Inina, Needle A - Games A,

R AMA - L AMA, t Anki - from Anki, to Rych A - to Rys A, Cat Ear - Kad Ear,

t OM - D OM, T Achka - D Achchka, from Aka - Z Ike, Mar Ka - May Ka, R Ama - I Ma, h Ashki - Woshki, from the Criminal Code j.criminal Code, with Sir - F Il, Fox A - Persons A, Ch Christmas Tree.

Svetlana Anatolyevna Bus.
Consultation for educators "Phondematic hearing is the basis of the right speech"

The ability to focus on sound, be able to distinguish, analyze on the hearing of the phonemes (the sounds from which our speech is called phonderatic hearing.

In case of violation of the phonematics hearing, the child perceives (remembers, repeats, writes) Not what he was told, but what he heard - something for sure, and something is very approximately. The needle turns into "MGLU", "Forest" in "Sheet" or in "Fox". The child seems to be a little foreigner. He does not hear the endings of words, steam consonants. It is difficult for him to repeat the chains of the syllables, even with opposition sounds (Ta-Pa-ka, that yes, it is difficult to choose pictures that are different (bear is a mouse, juice shock, barrel-kidney).

Insufficiency of the phonamatic hearing manifests itself particularly brightly in school when teaching writing and reading.

Therefore, the ability to correctly and clearly distinguish between the sounds of speech - the ability of phonderatic hearing - is the basis for understanding the meaning of the said, the basis of the right speech, both oral and written.

Already from 6 months, children begin to distinguish between speech sounds and themselves are included in the process of rustling and lepture, the articulation apparatus is starting to train. If the rustling of the process is congenital - deaf children are also walking, then the casualties quickly fades without a clear and clear sample of sounds - that sample, which gives an adult with his response, prompting to the conversation.

The task of an adult - to stimulate, help and develop speech, starting from an early age.

- How to develop a phonmematic hearing in early childhood?

To begin with, practice with children to highlight and call NEECH sounds (household noises, street sounds, sound musical instruments, sounds of animals and birds).

Then you can proceed to the formation of clear phonematical ideas on the example of speech sounds. The child should distinguish such concepts as vowels and consonant sounds, etc.

Paying attention to the development of the phonderatic hearing, you will alleviate the child the process of mastering the correct sound, and in the future reading and writing.

Games and exercises for the development of phonderatic hearing should be carried out from simple to complex - stages, suitable, age of children.

Games and exercises for the development of phonderatic hearing.

The first stage is the recognition of non-snow sounds.

Game "Guess what sounded"

Listen carefully with children the noise of water, the rustle of the newspaper,

close of spoons, creaking doors and other household sounds. Suggest

children to close their eyes and guess - what did it sound?

Game "Noisy Bags"

Together with the children, pour into the bags or boxes of the croup,

buttons, clips, etc. Children must guess the sound

shocked bag or boxes, what inside.

Game "Magic Wand"

Taking a pencil or a stick of any destination, let it

different subjects in the group. Magic wand will make it sound

vase, table, wall, bowl.

Then complicate the task - the children guess with closed

the eyes of which item sounded.

Game "Zhmurki"

The child tie his eyes, and he moves towards the ringing

bell tper, tambourine, whistle.

Game "Pour"

Children repeat the rhythmic drawing of cotton.

For example - two cotton, pause, one cotton, pause, two cotton. In the complicated version, the child repeats the rhythm with his eyes closed.

The second stage is the distinction of sounds of speech on the timbre, strength and height.

Game "loud-quiet"

Agree that children will perform certain

actions when you pronounce the words loud and when quiet.

For example, you say the word loudly, the children raise their hands up, and if quietly - touch the hands of the hand.

The game "Three Bear"

Children guess for whom the fairy tale characters say

adult. More complex option - the child himself speaks for three

The third stage - distinguishing between the words similar to the sound.

Game "Listen and choose"

Before children pictures with similar sounds in words (com,

cOM, scrap, house). Adult calls the subject, and the child raises

appropriate picture.

The game is "right-incorrect"

Adult shows a baby picture and calls the item

replacing the first letter (Food, Corot, Morot, Gate, Pallow,

chost). The task of children - clap your hands when he hears

correct pronunciation option.

Fourth stage - distinguishing syllables.

Game "Pour"

Adult explains to children that there are short and long words.

It welcomes them, intonationally sharing syllables. Together with

children says words (Pa Para, Lo-Pa-Ta, Ba-les-Ri-on,

singing syllables. More complex option - offering children

alone to swell the number of syllables in the word.

The game "What is superfluous?"

An adult pronounces the series of syllables "Para-Pa-ba-Pa", "Fa-Fa-Va Fa-

fa ". The child must slap when hears the extra (other) syllable.

Fifth stage - distinguishing sounds.

Explain to children that words are consisting of sounds. And you can even play with them.

Komarik says ZZZZ, the wind blows - the SSSS, the beetle buzzes - Zhzhzh,

tiger Rug - RDRR.

Adult pronounces sound, and children guess who (what) his

Game "Pour"

An adult utters rows of sounds, and the child claps in his hands,

when hears the specified background.

The sixth stage is the development of analysis and synthesis skills.

"How many sounds" game

Adult calls one, two, three sounds, and children for hearing

determine and calls them.

Game "Pour"

Adult welcomes the ranks of words, and children must slap,

when you hear the word starting from a given sound. More

a complex option is to slap on a given background in the end of the word or in the middle.

Game "Guess the word"

Children are offered words with missed sound - you need

guess the word. For example, the sound of "L" (.MPA, we. Oh ,.uk,

Natalia Nikolaevna
Consultation "PhondeMatic hearing is the basis of the right speech. Exercises for the development of phonderatic hearing "

The ability to focus on sound is a very important feature of a person.

Without it, it is impossible to learn to listen and understand speech. It is also important to distinguish, analyze and differentiate on rumor phonemes(Sounds of which are our speech). This skill is called phonematic hearing.

Little child can not manage your hearingcan not compare sounds. But you can teach it. Especially necessary develop a phonmematic hearing Children with speech problems. Sometimes the kid just does not notice that he incorrectly pronounces sounds.

Insufficient formed human perception, phondeMectic hearing may be the cause wrong sound pronunciation, words, phrases.

It is necessary to give the child the opportunity to listen to your sample and compare with its own distorted pronunciation. In this way, you send him auditory Attention on these sounds, show the difference in their sound and work out the stimulus to overcome the violation.

Teaching a child reading and developing phonmematic hearing, should be remembered what:

"Our speech consists of proposals.

The offer is a complete thought.

Offers consist of words.

Words consist of sounds.

The sound is what we hear and pronounce.

Letter - what we write and read.

The sound on the letter is denoted by the letter.

Sounds are vowels and consonants.

Public sounds - sounds that can be singing with a voice (above-below, with air, outgoing from the mouth, does not meet barriers.

In Russian, six vowels sounds: A, y, o, and, u, s. In the schemes, vowels are designated in red. Vowels - ten: six - a, y, o, and, u, s - correspond to sounds and four - yoted, which denote two sound: I, Yu, E, E, (I - Ya, Yu - Yu, E - Ye, E - Yo) At the beginning of the word (pit, yula); After vowel sound (Lighthouse, hacking); After soft and solid signs (family, lift). In other cases (after consonants) Jotted vowels indicate the letter softness ahead of standing consonant sound and vowel sound:

I - A. Yu - U, E - E, E - O (Birch, Ball).

The consonant sounds are sounds that can not be singing, because the air coming out of his mouth when they pronounced, meets the barrier.

The deafness and ringing of consonant sounds are determined by the work of voice ligaments and are checked by hand, laid on throat: Deaf consonants - voice ligaments do not work (Nelyalyko does not tremble): K, P, C, T, F, X, C, H, W, SH; ringing consonants - voice ligaments work (neck tremble): B, V, G, D, F, 3, Y, L, M, N, R.

The hardness and softness of consonant sounds are determined by hearing:

consonant sounds that can be solid and soft: B, B, G, D, 3, K, L, M, N, P, R, C, T, F, X, BU, VI, GY, DB, ZE, KE, I, MJ, NY, PR , Py, smiling, fj, x;

always solid consonants: W, sh, c;

always soft consonants: Th, h, sh.

Solid consonants in the diagrams are designated in blue, soft - green.

Work by development of Phonematics Perception begins on the material of non-heine sounds and gradually covers all the sounds. speech.

Exercises for Built according to the principle of simple to complex. Having reveaning, at what stage the child stops call with tasks, start from this level.

The first level is the recognition of non-snow sounds. Split on hearing Sneust sounds is the foundation and the basis for the development of phonderatic hearing.

The game "Guess what sounded". Carefully listen with the child the noise of water, the rustle of the newspaper, the ringing of spoons, creaking doors and other household sounds. Offer the child to close your eyes and guess what sounded now.

The game "Noisy bags". Together with the baby, pour into the bags of a croup, buttons, clips. The child must guess the sound of the shrunk bag, which is inside.

The game "Zhmurki". The child tie his eyes, and he moves to the sound of the bell, a tambourine, whistle.

The game "Purify". The child repeats the rhythmic pattern of cotton. for example: Two cotton, pause, one cotton, pause, two cotton. In the complicated version, the baby repeats the rhythm with his eyes closed.

Second level - distinguishing sounds speech on Tembre, strength and height.

The game "Loud quiet". Agree that the baby will perform certain actions - when you say the words loud and when quietly.

The third level is the distinction between the words similar to the sound.

The game "Listen and choose". In front of the child put pictures with similar sounding words (com, som, scrap). Adult calls the subject, and the child must raise the corresponding picture.

The game "True False". Adult shows the baby picture and calls the subject by replacing the first sound (Food, Cat, Merot, Gate, Pallow, Choost). The task of the child is to clap your hands when he hears correct Pronunciation option.

Fourth level - distinguishing syllables.

The game "Purify". Adult explains to the child that there are short and long words. It welcomes them, intonationally sharing syllables. The collaboration of the child says the words (Pa Para, Lo-Pa-Ta, Ba-les-Ri-on, having slammed syllables.

The game "What is superfluous?" Adult pronounces rows of syllables "PA-PA-PA-BA PA", Fa-Fa-Va Fa-Fa etc. The child must slap when hearses extra (other) syllable.

Fifth level - distinguishing sounds. It is necessary to explain to the child that words are consisting of sounds, and then play a little.

The game "Who is it?" Komarik says ZZZZ, wind is blowing "SSSS", Beetle buzz "Zhzhzh", Tiger Rug RRRR. An adult pronounces the sound, and the child guess who publishes it.

The game "Purify". Adult pronounces rows of sounds, and the child claps in his hands when he hears the specified background.

The sixth level is the development of analysis and synthesis skills.

The game "How many sounds". Adult calls one, two, three sounds, and a child on hearing Determines and calls them.

The game "Purify". An adult brings to the rows of words, and the child must slap when hears the word starting.

Games for development of auditory attention and phonderatic hearing

Goal game exercise - Teach him to listen and hear. You will soon notice that the child began to hear herself, his speech is that he is trying to find proper sound articulation, fix Defective pronunciation.

Work by development In children, the ability to distinguish sounds to start with the recognition and distinguishing of none (Sounds ambient) and development of auditory attention.

Offer the child to listen to the sounds outside the window and answer questions: What makes noise? (Trees, what is buzzing? (a car) etc. Then offer to listen carefully and determine which sounds are coming from the corridor, the next room, etc.

The game "Guess what sounds"

It is necessary to show the baby, what sounds are publishing various items (as covers paper, cut scissors, water poured, rustled matches in a box rolling into glass bank ball; Furniture newspaper; Barrinded fat paper, how tambourine rings, which sound makes a drum, how the rattle sounds). Then you need to reproduce the sounds so that the child does not see the subject (for shirma). And the child must try to guess which item makes such a sound.

The game "We hear the ringing and know where he"

Ask a child to close your eyes and call the bell. The child must turn face to the place where the sound is heard and, without opening the eye, show direction.

At the second stage, children teach distinction of the same words, sound complexes and sounds, focusing on the height, strength and timbre of voice.

The game "Three Bears" To tell together with the child a fairy tale, highlighting low, rude voice The words of the bear, a less coarse voice of the word of the Medolon, the high voice of the word bearish.

The game "Who screams?" Offer the child to portray pets and their young. How shouts a cow (spelling "Mu-y" low voice, and as a calf (high voice "Mu-y", goat and goat, pig and piglery, etc.

In class of the third stage, children learn to distinguish words close to sound composition.

The game " Right wrong"

Show the baby sheet of paper and tell me: "I will call the word paper rightT. wrong, and you listen carefully. As soon as I am mistaken, you are slapped in your hands. " "Paper - Pumaga - Tumaga - Paper - Pumbo - Paper". Following word: railway carriage. Specify what it is and then play: Wagon - Vacon - Figon - Wagon - Facon - Wagom.

Game "Leading Wondering"

Adult reads a rhyme, and the child negotiates the last word that is suitable for meaning and rhyme:

On the branch is not a bird -

Lucky animal

Fur warm, like a heater.

Name it. (squirrel).

You do not be afraid - this is a goose,

I myself am. (I'm afraid)

In the House of Log in afraid:

Under me will come. (floor)

The game "How do words sound?"

Adult calls words and asks children to say how they sound: Looks like or unlike?

Mouse - Mishka (seem to be); Cancer - Mak. (seem to be); Horse - cow (does not look like); Caps - Pets (seem to be); table - cabinet (does not look like); House - com (seem to be); bowl - pussy (seem to be).

The game "Tell a word"

Read the child well familiar to him poem ( eg:"It's time to sleep, fell asleep bull ...", "Floor a bear on the floor ...", "Our Tanya cries loudly."). At the same time, do not utter the last words in the stitching. Invite the child to say the missing words.

At the fourth stage, children, being already prepared enough, learn to distinguish the syllables. Starting with such a game. Pronounce a syllable row eg: "Na-Na-Pa"And the child must determine which syllable is extra. Then the sludge rows complete: "Oh-no-on", "Ka-ka-ga" etc.

The game "same or different"

The child on the ear speaks the syllable he repeats aloud, after which the adult repeats the same syllable or says the opposite. The task of the child guess, the same or different syllables were pronounced. It happens approximately so:

Adult whisper "PA", child - "PA", adult loud - "PA", baby - the same,

Adult whisper "BA", child - "BA", adult loud - "PA", child - different,

Adult whisper "Ka", child - "Ka", adult loud - "Ha", child - different, etc.

This method helps develop the ability to distinguish sounds spoken by a whisper, which trains perfectly hearing analyzer.

It should be remembered that first the syllable is necessarily pronounced in the ear, since such a way, increasing the interest of children, mobilizes their attention.

Cleaners

The adult begins, and the child negotiates the last syllable.

Ba-Ba-Ba - the road has two table. (BA).

In-zoom - go home, ko. (per).

Ti-di - on the moon le. (TI).

De de-Those - sit in dark. (those).

Loou-Liu - Onions Green I am by. (Liu).

FE-ve-Fe - I'll sit on CO. (Fe).

At the fifth stage, children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their native language. Moreover, it should be started with distinctions of vowels.

Sound Symbols Games

Title a symbol with the actions of people or animals (baby crying "A-A-A", locomotive buzzing "U-U-U", girl Okhet "Ltd", Khchcitt horse "And-and-and")

Exit the sound with the child in front of the mirror and pay attention to the child to the movement of the lips (when we pronounce the sound "but" - mouth wide open; When pronouncing "about" - lips look like an oval; When pronouncing "U" - lips are composed with a tube; When pronouncing "and" - The lips are elongated in a smile).

The game "Catch the sound"

Adult pronounces vowel sounds, and the child must slap in his hands, having heard the specified sound (for example, a).

The game "Attentive baby"

Adult calls the sound, and the child should show the corresponding symbol. Similarly, a game is being played with words where the first sound is vowel.

The game "Who is first"

Show the child a picture with the subject that starts with the vowel "but", "U", "about" or "and". The child must clearly name what is painted in the picture, highlighting the first sound voice (for example, "U-U-U-duck"). Then the child must choose the corresponding character.

Then you should teach children the skills of elementary sound analysis: determine the presence of a given sound in the word, determine the place of sound in the word (beginning, middle, end). It is necessary to start with the analysis of vowels, which can be done as follows. Together with the child, prepare a few red circles. Pronounce one, two or three vowels, for example "but", "AU", "IAU", "about" etc., and the child folds such a number of circles on the table, which corresponds to the number of pronounced sounds.

The game "How many sounds?"

At this stage, children are able to determine the number of vowel sounds in jumped pronouncing (one, two or three vowels sound: A, AU, OUI, AEA). The child must postpone so many sticks on the table as he heard sounds.

The game "Encryption"

Put so many red circles as speaking sounds in the word.

The game "Letters, in order become"

Before the baby is a card with letters. Adult pronounces combinations from vowel sounds first by two: AU, IA, then - three sound: AU, IAU. The child lays the letters on the table in this order.

After vowels, proceed to the analysis of consonant sounds. It is necessary to observe a certain sequence: First, children learn to allocate the last consonant sound from the word. Moreover, it is easier for them to identify at the end of the word deaf explosive consonants. (P, T, K): Cat, whip. Spider, rink, tank, poppy, beetle, onion, broom, soup, Tulup, stop, etc.

The game "Find out the word"

Name the word, lowering the last sound, eg: "Tan.", "Pau.", "VENE." and so on. The child should add the last sound to make the word.

The game "Name the first sound in the word"

First you need to highlight the consonant sound before consonant (Mole, knock, dress, and then before vowels (Som, cat, couples).

The game "Who is bigger?"

Find the items in the room, in the title of which there is sound w (or any other sound, will call them queues: One word you, other - me.

The game "Well, let's guess!"

What same sound is in all words?

Fur coat, cat, mouse (sound w). Beetle, toad, skiing - g; kettle, key, glasses - h; brush, drawer, sorrel - etc. Spit, mustache, nose; herd, Simima, elk - smiling; goat, castle, tooth - s; Winter, mirror, vaseline - zy; flower, egg, chicken - c; Boat, chair, lamp - l; Lipa, forest, salt - Fish, carpet, wing - p; Rice, fortress, letter - ry.

The game "Word on his palm"

Adult comes up with a word with a given sound (for example, with sound w) And the child pops up on his palm, the child in response comes up with the word with the same sound and chlures the palm of the adult and so on.

The game "Come up with the word"

Offer children to call the words:

FROM "Song Komarika" - umbrella, zebra, charging, vase, basket.

FROM "Song beetle" - Giraffe, acorns, toad, skis, scissors, circle, knife.

FROM "Wind Song" - hat, fur coat, scarf, pencil, machine, wardrobe, bump, mouse.

FROM "Motor Song" -the, fish, mushrooms, cheese, frame, cake. FROM "Song of the pump" - Dog, Fox, Donkey, Bag, Table, Chair, Airplane.

The game "Extreme Sounds"

Call the first and last sounds in words: Stork, donkey, angle.

The game "Cleps - Topney"

Task for baby: If you hear the word with the sound of shlers in your hands, and with the sound of funks with my feet.

The words: Cap, beetle, hedgehog, cat, hanger, skiing, pencil, scissors, puddle, roof.

The game « Fix a bug»

Listen to the offer, find a mistake, say right:

The hostess was welded. Spit grazed in the meadow. The girl had soup soup. The girl has a long goat.

The game "Find and call the desired word"

Offer the child to allocate and call only those words in which there are set sounds.

C - Dad bought Lena Sanki. A bus is moving on the way.

Nature comes to life in the spring.

Z - the castle hangs on the door. In the sky appeared thunderstorm clouds.

Why dog \u200b\u200bleaves

On whom does not know?

That is why she is barking -

Get to know you.

The game "Fourth extra"

The child repeats for adult words, and then calls the word in which there is no sound occurring in others.

Bunny, squirrel, umbrella, zebra (superfluous protein, there is no sound in her name "3").

Beetle, Giraffe, Bear, Hedgehog (Bear Excess, there is no sound in his name "F).

Sledge, plane, mirror, sun (mirror is superfluous, there is no sound in his name "FROM"

On the final stage in the system development of phonderatic hearing We teach the child to divide the words on the syllables, determine the number of syllables in the word, be able to "swell", "tackle" the rhythmic pattern of two and three-sided words.

The game "Sweep the word"

Step and pronounce word in syllables. Each step is a syllable.

The game "What word is longer?"

Adult pronounces words, and a child compares them and says what word long: House or house, ball or ball, table or dining room, rabbit or mole, bike or great.

Data exercises help the child to overcome flaws development of phonderatic hearingwill prepare for literacy learning, help to avoid sound-proof disorders.

Consultation for parents.

Modern children by 5 -5.5 years, as a rule, master the entire system of the native language. A five-year-old child clearly utters all the sounds; Speaks connected, using in speech complex sentences (up to 10 or more words); Multiple words. It can easily retell a fairy tale, a story, make a story on the picture or from his own experience. The vocabulary of the child is 5 years from 4 to 5 thousand words. At the 5th year of life, the child is able to recognize one or another sound in the word, select words to a given sound.

However, not all five years old children reaches the language norms. Often, children at this age arise errors in the pronunciation of sounds: some may have a delay in the assimilation of sounds, others have improper formation. Some children have not yet ended the absorption of hissing sounds (W), (g) and sonor (L), (P). These sounds can be completely absent in speech. The child says "AMPA" instead of a lamp, "d ov" instead of firewood. A number of children have distorted sound pronunciation (C), (s), (C), throat ("Cartaw") (P). There may be a replacement of some sounds by others, for example, (W) - on (C), (P) on (L), (C) on (T) ("Saccizer" - hat, "Lacket" - rocket, "tobacco "- dog).

Meet in children of middle and older preschool age and defects mitigating sounds when the hard sounds are pronounced gently (the house - "Day") or, on the contrary, softly pronounced firm (again - "OPA"), and spontaneous defects: it may be insufficient (calls are pronounced deaf: "Papushka" instead of grandmother , "Tiel" instead of a woodpecker) or excessive when the deaf sounds are pronounced ringing (Pajama - "Bijama", the feeder is "Gorough").

Moreover, vocabulary Some children are poor, limited to the outside world. The syllable structure of the word can be broken: the child misses the syllables or rearranges them, or replaces the syllables on the more simple pronunciation (Midol - Tomato, Tibot - sandwich, "Mosalet" - an airplane). Such children are incorrectly used in speech or miss the prepositions (we went to the store Mom. I sleep from the bed).

The ability to focus on sound is a very important feature of a person. Without it, you can not learn to listen and understand speech. It is also important to distinguish, analyze and differentiate on the hearing of the phonemes (the sounds from which our speech is). This skill is called phonderatic hearing.

Small child I do not know how to manage your hearing, can not compare sounds. But you can teach it. It is especially necessary to develop a phonmematic hearing to children with speech problems. Sometimes the kid simply does not notice that he incorrectly pronounces sounds. The purpose of the game exercises is to teach him to listen and hear. You will soon notice that the child began to hear himself, his speech that he is trying to find the right articulation of sound, correct the defective pronunciation.

Hearing Games

"Guess what sounds." An adult widthly rings with a tambourine, rustles paper, calls the bell and offers a child to guess what the sound produced. Sounds must be clear and contrasting so that the kid can guess them, sitting back to an adult (if there is no screen).

"Guess what to do." The child gives two check box. If an adult rings loudly tambourine, the child raises the above and wave them, if quietly holds his hands on his knees. Alternating the loud and quiet sound of the tambourine is recommended no more than 4 times.

"Where did you call?" The child closes his eyes, and the adult quietly rises on the left, right, behind the baby and calls the bell. The child should turn the face to the place where the sound is heard, and without opening his eyes, show the direction. After the correct answer, he opens his eyes, and the adult raises and shows the bell. If the child was mistaken, then he gave ways again. The game is repeated 4-5 times.

"Guess who said." The child is pre-acquainted with the fairy tale "Three Bear". Then the adult pronounces phrases from the text, changing the height of the voice, imitating or Mishutka, or Nastasya Petrovna, or Mikhail Ivanovich. The child raises the appropriate picture.

Games for the development of phonderatic hearing

"Does it sound?" An adult offers a child to decompose the pictures in two rows: in each row there should be images whose names are similar. If the child does not cope with the task, the adult helps him, offering clearly and cleanedly (as far as possible) to say each word. When pictures are decomposed, adult and child together call words. Notes the diversity of words, their different and similar sound.

Examples: bow-lug; rosanoza; fruit; Firewood - grass.

And these games can be played with a child in transport, on the way to kindergarten And home, waiting for admission to the doctor, etc.

"Chain of words." Adult and child alternately utter words: every subsequent word should begin to begin on the sound, which the previous one ends (the ball is a suitcase - nose - Sledge - Needle - Apricot, etc.).

"Name, in one word." Adult calls a few words (oak, linden, spruce, aspen). The child must remember and call a generalizing concept (trees). As well as dishes, shoes, clothing, furniture, wild animals, pets, birds, toys, tools.

"Guess." An adult describes the subject, and the child is guessing that he fucked. Then players change roles.

"Deliver words to parts." An adult pronounces the word, the child repeats it, accompanying the pronunciation of each syllable cotton in his hands, then says how much in the word parts. (For example: Ma - ha - Zin. In the word three parts.)

"What of what?" An adult is a phrase (noun + noun), the child replaces one noun appropriate adjective. (Rubber ball - Rubber Ball, Glass Glass - glass glass, leather bag - leather bag, straw hat - straw hat, craft from cardboard - cardboard handicraft).

Games for the development of the strength of the air jet

In order to correctly learn how to pronounce the sounds, you need to prepare the articulation apparatus, train not only tongue, lips, but also breathing, and voice. It develops such playing exercises:

"Ship". Ships can be homemade. We gain air through the nose (the tummy inflates), exhale through the mouth (the tummy is blown away). I blow on the boat so he swam in a saucer with water.

"Toys." A variety of twin, tubes help to form a strong jet of air.

"Sultanchik", "Drown Vatka", "score goals." These exercises can be performed with a tongue dried and folded into the tube so that the air passes through the middle of the tongue. Breathing remains the same: inhale through the nose - exhale doing through the mouth, without raising the shoulders.

"Kettle Zakipel", "Storm in a glass." In unobtrusive gaming form Interesting and useful exercises are held. In the glass pour 150 grams of water and insert a cocktail tube into the water. First, slowly exhale the air into the tube - the kettle boils, increase the exhalation - it boils, we still enhance the exhalation - water is boil.

Do not forget - shoulders not to lift!

Games for the development of shallow motor

The game is very helpful with small objects - matches, chopsticks, pebbles, ropes, beads, buttons, various croups. Such games will not only make the fingers of the child obedient, but also help develop his attention, visual memory, orientation in space, speech, thinking.

Matches and county sticks. I bring a toy dump truck and pour a handful of county sticks on the table (matches). We offer a child carefully, with two fingers, take each wand and fold in the box. Then show how the figures can be folded from the sticks: triangle, square, rectangle, cube. Give task to fold the ladder, table, chair, bed. Then a more complex task - asteris, fish, boat, clock, tree.