MDS 12-57.2010

Moscow 2010

INTRODUCTION

In the megalopolises of Russia, there is an increase in the volume of construction of high-rise (from 30 floors and above) monolithic reinforced concrete residential and public buildings. The facades of these buildings are made using scaffolding various jobs: finishing, insulation and others.

Scaffolding is applicable for buildings with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length.

Forests are indispensable in the cramped conditions of urban development, where they are used as universal remedy scaffolding, as well as for placement building materials and facade structures.

The labor intensity of scaffolding installation does not exceed, as a rule, 0.6 man-hours per 1 m 2 of the façade area.

Projects for the production of work for the installation of scaffolds are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local state supervision bodies when registering permits for construction work.

The document applies directly to the installation of the most widely used scaffolding, manufactured according to technical specifications GOST 27321-87. In the present project for the production of works, tubular, yoke scaffolding was used, the racks of which are joined with the help of branch pipes.

The work production project consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of nodes, the sequence of installation, fastening the scaffolds to the wall, supporting the scaffolding on the floor of the building.

This methodological document is intended to assist design, engineering and construction organizations in the development of a project for the production of works for the installation of high-rise scaffolding.

The methodological document is based on the results of the work of ZAO TsNIIOMTP and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of installing scaffolds of OOO REMSTROYSERVIS-R and other Moscow construction organizations.

1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING AND SCAFFOLDING

The residential building is monolithic reinforced concrete in terms of its complex shape with rectangular and oval outlines of the walls, overall dimensions: length along the facade is not less than 50 m, width - 30 m, height - up to 160 m. Thickness of walls and interfloor floors - not less than 200 mm, window and other openings allow mounting support devices in them for installing scaffolding at a height.

The project for the production of work on the installation of scaffolding was developed on the basis of a contract, terms of reference and the submitted initial data. As part of the terms of reference and initial data: working documentation for construction works on the facade, passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding, drawings for the building (in the amount necessary for the installation of scaffolding).

This project for the production of works was developed with the following initial data.

Clamp scaffolding design - inventory, lightweight, collapsible, reusable. The scaffolding turnover is at least 60 times, and the service life is at least 5 years.

Scaffolding, for example: LSPKh-200-60 by Metakon, rack-mounted attachment yokes in accordance with GOST 27321. The step of the tier in height is 2 m, the step of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 1.25 m. decking can be laid on all tiers at the same time. The rated load is not more than 200 kgf / m 2. The maximum height of the scaffolding is 60 m.

The scaffolds are assembled from tubular elements - posts and half-posts with a diameter of 60 mm, installed in support shoes with wooden lining, from longitudinal ties with a diameter of 48 mm, connected to the posts using clamps, crossbars, fastening the scaffolding to the wall using metal or polymer plugs (dowels) ... On the extreme sections of the scaffolding, diagonal ties are established with the help of swivel clamps.

Racks and half-racks are joined by means of branch pipes.

The ties are connected to each other using bolts.

The plugs are inserted into the holes drilled in the wall. Hooks are screwed into the plugs, while the plugs are wedged. The eyelets of the crossbars are put on the hooks, after which the crossbars are fastened with clamps to the uprights.

The non-swiveling clamp connects the posts and semi-posts with crossbars and handrails at right angles. The swivel clamp connects racks with diagonal ties at an acute or obtuse angle.

The outer rows of the racks are fastened through one tier in height, the inner rows of the racks are fixed in a checkerboard pattern through two tiers in height and through two racks horizontally.

When using scaffolds in accordance with GOST 27321, for example, type LSPH-200-60 from Metakon, for installation on high-rise buildings a number of measures, justified by calculations, are carried out that are not provided for by the manufacturer.

For increase bearing capacity high-rise scaffolding uses the so-called double racks from a pipe with an outer diameter of 60 mm, which are the main element of high-rise scaffolding and the main condition for the installation of standard scaffolding on high-rise buildings. The bearing capacity of the rack should be checked by calculation, the load on the rack should not exceed 3 tf. The actual load on the most loaded racks should be selectively determined experimentally, using devices, for example, special scales, and recorded in the work log.

In addition to this main, the following events are also held.

So, the standard load on forests is not set at 200 kgf / m 2, but reduced, for example, no more than 100 kgf / m 2.

To reduce the load on the scaffolding, according to the calculation, the number of working and protective decks is reduced. In this case, the flooring boards can not be stacked on all tiers at the same time, but in turn and in disarray.

Depending on local conditions, it may be necessary to change the spacing of the posts along the wall: for example, not 2.5 m, but 2.6 m or 2.4 m.

The width of the passage between the posts can be taken not 1.25 m, but, for example, 1.31 m.

The scheme of fastening the scaffolds to the wall, specified in the manufacturer's instructions for use, can be changed.

The scaffolding can be mounted not on an unpaved site (without or with asphalt concrete pavement), and at a height - on support devices made of cantilever beams.

With simple architectural and construction solutions of the building, one or two of the above activities are carried out. Modern architectural and construction solutions of the building are complex, which requires the development of almost all or all of the above measures and their corresponding reflection in the project for the production of work on the installation of scaffolding.

All these measures, as it was said, must be justified by calculations and agreed with the manufacturer.

The implementation of the above measures allows you to apply various schemes for the installation of high-rise scaffolding, depending on the configuration of the walls, the height of the building and other local conditions.

The draft contains provisions on the organization and technology of scaffolding erection, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, the need for mechanization means, tools, inventory and devices is determined, the requirements for safety and labor protection are indicated.

During the development of the project, the normative, methodological and reference documents indicated in the List of used documents were used.

2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS USED

SNiP 3.03.01-87. Bearing and enclosing structures.

SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction.

SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

GOST 12.1.004-91. SSBT. Fire safety... General requirements.

GOST 12.1.019-79. SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.

GOST 12.1.030-81. SSBT. Electrical safety. Protective grounding, neutral grounding.

GOST 12.1.046-85. SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards construction sites.

GOST 12.4.011-89. SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification.

GOST R 12.4.026-2001. SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings.

GOST 12.4.059-89. SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions.

GOST 7502-98. Metal measuring tape. Technical conditions.

GOST 7948-80. Steel construction plumb lines. Technical conditions.

GOST 8240-97. Hot-rolled steel channels. Range.

GOST 23407-78. Inventory fences for construction sites and production sites for construction installation works... Technical conditions.

GOST 24258-88. Scaffolding tools. General technical conditions.

GOST 26887-86. Platforms and stairs for construction and installation work. General technical conditions.

GOST 27321-87. Rack scaffolding for construction and installation works. Technical conditions.

PPB-01-03. Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation.

POT R M-016-2001. Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations.

MDS 12-25.2006. Scaffolding. Installation, calculation, operation. - M .: JSC "TsPP", 2006.

MDS 12-41.2008. Mounting equipment for temporary fastening of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings. - M .: JSC "TsPP", 2008.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1 Preparatory work

3.1.1 Before the start of installation work, preparatory work is carried out:

The scaffolding installation area (as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and debris and is fenced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03. Fences must meet the requirements of GOST 23407; warning signs are installed in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026;

The assembly workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and fastening the scaffolds to the wall.

The plan of the scaffolding installation area is given in the project for the production of works on sheets, as a rule, of the A2 (420 × 594) or A3 (297 × 420) format. In fig. 1 shows as an example a fragment of the plan of the scaffold erection zone on the plot corresponding to the factory set of scaffolds. The symbols for RD-11-06 show scaffolding, the border of the danger zone when an object falls from the scaffolding layer, and temporary fencing of the installation area.

The boundary of the dangerous zone is established by calculation according to RD-11-06, depending on the height of the scaffolding tier.

SYMBOLS:

Rice. 1

3.1.2 Inspection, control and technical condition assessment are carried out component parts mounted scaffolding. Damaged components must be discarded.

The component parts sorted by detail are laid along the walls.

3.1.3 Preparation for work, installation and start-up of lifting mechanisms (roof crane, jib crane, winch) for lifting and lowering the scaffolding components are carried out. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the lifting equipment manufacturers.

3.1.4 Preparation of mechanization equipment (hand-held drilling machines, perforators, rammers, etc.) and tools is carried out, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

3.1.5 To support the scaffolding along the facade, a site with a width of at least 3 m with an asphalt concrete surface or a planned and compacted unpaved site is prepared. The bearing capacity of the sites is checked by calculation. Water drainage should be arranged from the site. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with crushed stone, broken brick, concrete.

If there is a difference in height, then the area under the scaffolding along the facade is aligned horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To level the height difference, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40 - 50 mm can be used.

3.1.6 The marking of the installation points of the anchor plugs on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the working drawing on the wall or "in place".

At the initial stage, the lighthouse points of the wall marking are determined so that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to the supporting structures (walls, columns, ceilings) from the inside of the building using fasteners and fixtures; it is not allowed to fasten the scaffolding to balconies, cornices, parapets.

The distance of the installation point of the anchor plug to the opening must be at least 150 - 200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points using laser level and a tape measure, determine and mark with paint the intermediate points of the installation of the anchor plugs. Then, at the extreme points of the horizontal line, vertical lines are determined. Mark the installation points of the anchor plugs on the extreme vertical lines with indelible paint.

3.2 Main works

3.2.1 Installation work from the zero mark is carried out with grippers, taking into account, as a rule, the use of one set of scaffolds for gripping, supplied by the manufacturer. The volume of capture is usually set no more than 50 m along the facade of the building and no higher than 60 m.When installing scaffolding from a mark of 60 m and higher, the height of the capture is taken to be no higher than 20 m.

To speed up the erection of scaffolds (in the presence of several sets of scaffolds), work can be carried out with several parallel grabs.

Independent parallel gripping can be organized when the scaffolding is mounted on a support device made of cantilever beams, which is installed on interfloor overlap at an altitude, as a rule, above 60 m.

3.2.2 When using double racks up to a height of 80 m, and higher - single scaffolds are mounted at a height of up to 160 m. The distance between double racks is taken, as a rule, 300 mm (Fig. 2).

If the configuration of the wall does not allow the application of such a scheme, then the scaffolding is installed on the above supporting devices on the floor of the building. In this case, the height of the capture is taken to be no higher than 20 m.

Rice. 2

3.2.3 The scaffolding is erected, according to the manufacturer's instructions, in tiers for the length of the grip.

The technological process of installation consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers, attaching the scaffolding to the building and mounting support devices at a height.

3.2.4 Scaffolding tiers are assembled as follows. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared, horizontal platform (see Section 3.1).

The height difference in the direction along the wall is leveled by laying concrete slabs and board linings.

Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a board lining with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. The installation of the shoes is shown in Fig. 3, a.

The assembly of the main parts of the tiers is carried out in the following sequence.

Double racks of the inner and outer rows of scaffolds are installed in the shoes (Fig. 3, b).

Transverse and longitudinal ties are installed on the inner and outer rows of racks for the supports of the first assembly tier (Fig. 3, c).

At each rack, shields are laid on the longitudinal supports-supports of the first assembly tier.

From the platforms of the first assembly tier, longitudinal ties of the first working tier are installed and holes for plugs (dowels) are drilled in the wall for fastening the cross ties of the first working tier.

Plugs (dowels) are inserted into the holes and the cross ties are attached to the wall.

From the platforms of the first erection tier, fences of the first working tier are installed, corner posts are built up, the boards of the erection tier are shifted to the flooring of the first tier. The flooring is equipped with a side railing with a height of 150 mm.

The racks are built up from the flooring of the first tier, the second assembly tier is installed, from which the second working tier is assembled.

The assembly operations for subsequent tiers are repeated.

Rice. 3

3.2.5 Fastening of the scaffolding to the building is carried out to a reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of at least 200 mm using factory metal plugs or polymer dowels and through openings (window, door, balcony).

Fastening of scaffolds with dowels is shown in fig. 4.

Rice. 4

Dowels, for example, type MGD 14 × 100, with a MUNGO MGV 12 × 350 bolt with a ring, are fixed in the wall after four meters in a staggered manner according to the intended attachment points. The diameter and depth of the hole in the wall must correspond to the values ​​specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

The strength of fixing the dowels in the wall is checked by calculation and must be tested selectively using a device (device) for pulling the plug out of the wall. The pull-out force from concrete must be ensured at least 300 kgf.

If a hole is drilled in the wrong place by mistake and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be at least one depth away from the wrong one. drilled hole... This rule is not necessary if the wrong hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of the same strength.

The holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) with compressed air.

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and knocked out with an assembly hammer.

The fastening of the scaffolding to the wall through the window opening is shown in Fig. 5.

Rice. 5

The inventory fastening device is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding.

The elongated transverse ties of the scaffolds are brought into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them end-to-end against the wall. Fastening of ties and pipes is carried out using clamps or in another way.

3.2.6 The support device is mounted at a height from two cantilever beams and spacers. The beams are laid on the floor through sheet metal lining so that the length of their cantilever part allows the scaffolding to be installed at a distance of 600 mm from the wall to the axis of the inner pillar. Then, posts with screw mechanisms are installed on opposite ends of the beams. The upper supports of the uprights with wooden spacers are brought to the ceiling. With the help of screw mechanisms with a tightening torque of at least 5 kgf m, the racks are abutted against the ceiling and beams, pressing them against the ceiling and at the same time fixing the support device in the opening.

To fasten the scaffolding to the support device, hinges welded to the beams are used.

As cantilever beams, channel according to GOST 8240 is most often used. Channel number (from No. 12 and more) is selected by calculation depending on the load from the scaffolding, which is determined by direct summation of the weight of the scaffold parts (no more than 20 m high) and the working load. The weight of the cantilever beam should not exceed 140 - 150 kgf, provided that the team of installers performs the installation operations manually. Therefore, the number of the channel must correspond to the minimum allowable safety factor of the cantilever beam.

Telescopic mounting posts with a screw mechanism for adjusting the height of the supports are used for the spacer posts. The main parameters of the racks: height up to 3100 mm, thrust force from 3000 to 5000 kgf (see MDS 12-41).

The values ​​of the spacer forces from the racks transmitted to the interfloor floors should be determined by calculation and selectively verified experimentally. The values ​​and places of application of these forces from the racks must be agreed with the organization - the building designer and entered in the work log. If it is necessary to temporarily reinforce the floors, mounting telescopic racks are installed on the underlying floors.

3.2.7 The lifting of the scaffolding components to the mounting horizon is carried out using winches installed on the ground, roof cranes and jib cranes installed on the floors in the openings of buildings.

In this case, the speed of movement of the cargo rope must be at least 50 m / min. To eliminate dynamic loads during acceleration and deceleration of the load, the speed of movement of the load rope should have a smooth frequency control.

Rice. 6

Dismantling of the scaffolding for their rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the upper tier. Remains of building materials, inventory and tools are removed from the flooring. Descent of the dismantled scaffolding components is carried out using the above winches and cranes.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

4.1 The quality of scaffolding erection is ensured by the current control of technological operations of preparatory and main works, as well as during the acceptance of works. Based on the results of the current control of technological operations, certificates of inspection of hidden works are drawn up: for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffold anchors in the wall, for the stability and strength of fastening of the scaffolding support devices at a height.

4.2 In progress preparatory work check:

The readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

Condition of scaffolding parts (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects in scaffolding parts);

The condition of the parts of the supporting devices (no defects in the cantilever beams and racks, the reliability of the loops of the beams);

Smoothness and strength of the base points on which the shoes are installed.

4.3 During installation work, check:

Accuracy of wall markings;

Correct and reliable installation of scaffolding shoes on the base;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs;

The strength of the anchors;

The verticality of the racks and the horizontalness of the ties, scaffolding flooring.

The scaffolding horizontality in the longitudinal and transverse directions is ensured by level, verticality - along the plumb line.

When assembling the scaffolds, it is necessary to ensure that the racks enter the branch pipes to the projected length.

When laying the flooring, the strength of the fastening and the absence of the possibility of movement are checked.

4.4 When accepting the work, the acceptance committee inspects the mounted scaffolding as a whole and especially carefully the attachment points and interfaces.

Scaffolding horizontality and verticality are checked using geodetic instruments.

Defects found during inspection are eliminated.

The scaffolding is subject to a standard load test for two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall and to supporting devices, flooring and fences, and grounding are assessed.

The railing must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly.

Bearing horizontal ties must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.

4.5 Acceptance of the assembled scaffolding is drawn up by an acceptance certificate. The certificate of acceptance of the work is accompanied by the certificate of inspection of the hidden work (according to clause 4.1).

4.6 The quality of scaffolding erection is assessed by the degree of compliance of the actual parameters and characteristics with the design ones specified in the design and normative-technical documentation.

The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods of measuring and evaluating them are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

	Technological operations	Controlled parameter, characteristic	Allowed value, requirement	Control method and tool
	Marking extreme points horizontally	Accuracy of marking
	Marking extreme points vertically			Theodolite
	Marking intermediate attachment points			Level, plumb line, tape measure
	Drilling holes for anchor plugs (dowels)	Depth N	N= screw length + 10.0 mm
		Diameter D	D= screw diameter + 0.2mm	Depth gauge, internal gauge
		Distance to the opening, corner of the building	Not less than 150.0 mm
		Hole cleanliness	Dust free	Visually
	Installation of shoes	Board lining thickness		Metal ruler
	Assembling scaffolding sections and tiers	Deviation from verticality	± 1.0 mm at 2 m height	Plumb line, ruler
		Deviation from horizontal	± 1.0mm at 3m length	Level, ruler
		The gap between the building wall and the deck	No more than 150 mm
		Linear dimensions	Up to 50 m - ± 1%	Laser tape measure DISTO
	Fastening the scaffolds to the wall	Force pulling the anchor (dowel) out of the wall	Not less than 500 kgf	Force measuring device
	Laying the flooring	Gap between boards	No more than 5 mm
		Board ledges	No more than 3 mm
		Overlapping by joints of support flooring	Not less than 200 mm	Metal ruler
	Installing racks	Torque		Torque wrench
	Scaffolding grounding device	Earth resistance	No more than 15 Ohm	Tester Sch 4313

5 THE NEED FOR MECHANIZATION MEANS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

The need for fixed means of mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures is shown in Table 2.

table 2

	Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing number, manufacturer	Technical specifications	Appointment
	Roof crane	Pioneer type, TEMZ CJSC	Lifting capacity 150 - 500 kg	Ascent and descent of scaffolding components, facade elements
	Winch with frequency regulation speed	LCHS-3 type	Traction force up to 250 kgf
	Plumb line, cord	OT400-1, GOST 7948 Three-strand nylon cord	Plumb bob weight no more than 0.4 kg, length 98 m. Cord length - 5 m, diameter - 3 mm	Layout of grips, check of verticality
	Laser level	BL 40 VHR SKB "Stroypribor"	Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm / m	Height measurement
	Laser level	BL 20 SKB "Stroypribor"		Checking horizontal planes
		Interskol DU 1000-ER	Power 1.0 kW, hole drilling diameter up to 25 mm	Drilling holes in the wall
	Device for measuring the load on the scaffold posts (scales)	Р20УЗК, GOST 7502	Measurement range 1.5 - 4.5 tf, weight 0.35 kg	Rack Load Control
	Torque wrench		Measurement range 3 - 8 kgf m, weight 3.5 kg	Checking the fastening strength of the scaffolding support devices
	A device for measuring the force of pulling out a plug (dowel)		Measurement limits 100 - 400 kgf. Dimensions: 1240 x 1200 x 175 mm. Weight - 7.8 kg	Control of the strength of scaffolding to the wall
	Fencing of the work site		Inventory	Work safety
	Protective mesh for scaffolding	Types 4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 firms Apex, Vert or others	Made of polymer fibers	Protection against falling objects from a height

6 SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION

6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met.

On the scaffolding, the layout and the values ​​of the permissible loads should be posted. The accumulation of three or more people on the scaffolding flooring is not allowed.

Workers who have the right to work at height are allowed to install the scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety harnesses.

6.2 Fire safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the rules PPB-01.

6.3 Electrical safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT R M-016.

6.4 When organizing work in the installation area, a dangerous zone is established against falling objects from the height of the scaffolding. The hazardous area is designated by safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.

In each specific case, the project for the production of work should provide for such measures so that the hazardous zone does not go beyond the fenced area of ​​scaffolding.

A protective net can be attached to the scaffolding. In this case, the hazardous area may not be indicated.

The location and design of the enclosure for the installation area should be taken in accordance with GOST 23407.

6.5 Warehousing and storage of scaffolding components, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03.

6.6 When working at night, the installation area, scaffolding, driveways and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without glare from lighting fixtures.

6.7 Scaffolding ladders should be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the ladders to the horizon should be no more than 75 °. Ladders should have non-slip steps.

6.8 Lifting of loads onto the scaffolding is carried out by a winch or a roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding tower cranes unacceptable.

6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding should be arranged with grounding resistance no more than 15 Ohm.

6.10 During the installation and dismantling of the scaffolding, electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding are de-energized.

During thunderstorms, snowfalls and winds exceeding 6 m / s, scaffolding is not erected or dismantled.

6.11 The technical condition of the forests is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days.

Particular attention should be paid to measuring and controlling the actual loads on the struts and shoes, pulling the forces of the anchors from the wall. At the same time, measurements and assessment of deformations of struts and shoes with wooden lining, cross-members and anchors and their relative movement should be made.

If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then they are allowed for use after acceptance by the commission. The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the log book in accordance with GOST 24258.

Forests are subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which may reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation.

WORK PRODUCTION PROJECT (PPR)

Project for the production of works for the installation of scaffolding LSPR-200

PPR is applicable directly to the installation of the most widely used rack-mount scaffolding, manufactured according to the specifications of GOST 27321. Scaffolding can be of any degree of collection (tubular, frame and frame) and various in the design of nodal connections (clamp, hook, wedge or pin); in this case, the racks, frame and frame elements are joined with the help of pipes.

PPR consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of hazardous area fencing, installation sequence, scaffolding fastening to the wall.

PPR has the following sections:

1. Explanatory note.

2. List of used documents.

3. Organization and technology of work.

3.1. Preparatory work.

3.2. Basic work.

4. Requirements for quality and acceptance of works.

5. The need for means of mechanization, tools, inventory and fixtures.

6. Safety and labor protection.

7. Peculiarities of scaffolding installation on high-rise buildings, on buildings with balconies (loggias).

8. Technical and economic indicators.

1. Explanatory note

1. Explanatory note

PPR for the installation of scaffolding for the device of a ventilated facade on the building of the fitness center was developed on the basis of the terms of reference and the presented initial data. As part of the technical assignment and initial data: working documentation for the device of a ventilated facade, a passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding (for example, frame scaffolding LSPR-200), drawings for the building.

This PPR was developed with the following initial data.

LSPR-200 scaffolding is attached; when installing a ventilated facade, it can reach a height of 40 m. The step of the tier in height is 2 m, the step of frames along the wall is 3 m, the width of the passage between the posts is 0.95 m. Standard load at a height of more than 20 m no more than 100 kgf / m. The structural components of the LSPR-200 scaffolding and their weight are shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

Components of scaffolding LSPR-200
Frame (2x1 m)
Frame with ladder (2x1 m)
Communication (3.05 m)
Diagonal connection (3.3 m)
Shoe
Plug-anchor
Blind clamp, 48x48 mm
End fencing
Decking crossbar

It can be seen from the table that the weight of the scaffolding components does not exceed 12 kg and they can be lifted in a package onto the mounting horizon using a winch or a roof crane with a lifting capacity of not more than 250 kg.

The building is rectangular in shape, the length along the facade is 72.0 m, the height is no more than 40 m.

A curtain wall is mounted on the facade of the building. facade system U-kon with cladding elements - ceramic tile and aluminum profiles. In accordance with this, the scaffolds are mounted along the facade in axes 1-12.

2. List of used documents

When developing the PPR, normative, methodological and reference documents were used, which are indicated in the list of used literature. The text also contains references to the following regulatory documents:

GOST 2.601-2006 ESKD. Operational documents

GOST 2.602-95 * ESKD. Repair documents

GOST 9.104-79 * ESKD. Paint and varnish coatings. Operating conditions groups

GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tapes. Technical conditions

GOST 7948-80 Steel construction plumb bobs. Technical conditions

GOST 8486-86 * Softwood lumber. Technical conditions

GOST 9467-75 * Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types

GOST 15150-69 * Machines, devices and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating conditions, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of climatic environmental factors

GOST 23407-78 Inventory fences of construction sites and areas of construction and installation work. Technical conditions

MDS 12-41.2008 Mounting equipment for temporary fastening of prefabricated elements of erected and dismantled buildings.

3. Organization and technology of work

3.1. Preparatory work

Before starting the installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

- the working area (as well as approaches to it) is freed from extraneous building structures, materials, mechanisms and debris and is fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407;

- the scaffolding installation area is fenced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03, warning signs are installed in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 *;
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* GOST 12.4.026-76 has been canceled on the territory of the Russian Federation from 01.01.2003. GOST R 12.4.026-2001 is in force. (IUS N 12, 2001). - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

- instructing the assembly workers on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and fastening the scaffolding to the wall.

Figure 1 shows a fragment of a construction site plan as an example. Symbols show scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from the last tier of scaffolding and a temporary fence of the construction site.

Fig. 1. Fragment of the construction site plan

Symbols

Load-bearing external walls

scaffolding

the border of the danger zone when an object falls from a layer of scaffolding

temporary fencing for scaffolding

Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the mounted scaffolding is carried out. Damaged components must be discarded.

Preparation for work, installation and start-up of lifting mechanisms (roof crane or winch) for lifting and lowering the components of the scaffolding is carried out. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the lifting equipment manufacturers.

Means of mechanization (hand-held drilling machines, perforators, rammers, etc.) and tools are being prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

For the installation of scaffolding, a planned and compacted site is prepared, from which water drainage should be arranged, or a site with asphalt concrete pavement. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with crushed stone, broken brick, concrete.

In connection (according to the initial data) with a height difference of up to 400 mm, the area for scaffolding along the facade in axes 1-12 is aligned horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To level the height difference up to 500 mm, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm are used.

The scaffolding device consists of critical milestones on the selection of the required brand, fastening structures to walls and other structural elements buildings and structures. Scaffolding and scaffolding are used at every site and almost nowhere can be done without them. The following varieties are used:

• frame (LRSP), consisting of finished welded frames ( individual elements) from which the forests are collected;
• pin (LSh, LSPSh) - a structure of racks with pins, crossbars and jibs, providing a single rigid system;
• clamp (LH, LSPH) - assembly is carried out using clamps, which greatly complicates the process of their assembly, but allows you to assemble a scaffold structure of any shape;
• wedge (CL) - represent the same spatial-tiered system as the previous ones, but differ in the presence of an adjustable wedge-shaped connection;
• scaffolding towers, both mobile, equipped with wheels, and stationary - represent one section of scaffolding, assembled to the required height; they are most often used for anti-corrosion and fire protection of building structures.

All scaffolding is intended both for finishing, repair, and for a complex of installation and dismantling works, brickwork walls, for laying pipelines and cables on overpasses, installation of video surveillance systems on buildings, etc. Without development of PPR it is prohibited to carry out all works with their use for the installation of scaffolding. Separately, the PPR should include technological maps on the assembly of the structures themselves.

The graphic part of the PPR for the installation of scaffolding should provide for the boundary of the dangerous zone of departure of falling objects, and if it is necessary to reduce it, then using protective nets. In accordance with the rules for labor protection at height, fences are taken into account for the safe production of work. The detailed design for the production of works provides instructions on the purpose of paving means for their use only when they were provided. When developing documentation, we take into account all current regulations on labor protection in construction and work at height.

Order PPR for the installation of scaffolding

To receive a commercial proposal for the development of PPR and technical maps for the device of scaffolding, send us a working draft by e-mail:. This will be enough to get all the information from us on the timing, cost of drawing up a complete set of work production projects and flow charts.

The cost can be viewed, and the terms of reference for the development can be downloaded. It is not necessary to fill in the technical specification, you can describe your wishes in the body of the e-mail letter.

Technological maps for the device of scaffolding

The technological maps for the device and operation of the scaffolding provide for all assembly measures in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Assembly stages must include the complete set of the object the required amount elements depending on the type of used scaffolding:

• foot pads for posts with adjustable installation height on uneven surfaces;
• ordinary and additional vertical racks;
• horizontal and lateral ties for attaching the racks to each other and creating spatial rigidity of the structure;
• ready-made ladders for moving on tiers;
• decking on tiers from a board or inventory factory execution;
• anchor fasteners for fastening scaffolding to structures of buildings and structures;
• fastening elements (clamps, cotter pins, hardware, etc.).

The technological map for the installation of scaffolding is developed with reference to a specific construction object. A prerequisite is the installation site, the definition of the boundaries of the hazardous area, the installation of protective fences, fastening to the existing structural elements of buildings and structures. The selection according to the carrying capacity is carried out based on the bearing capacity of the paving means and the need for simultaneous work from several tiers.