Now many residents of private houses are installed for the main or additional heating of water warm floor. It has a lot of benefits: increases comfort, evenly warms the room, does not require additional energy costs (since it works from one boiler with radiators). The instruction in our article will make installation of water warm floors, not even having experience. However, before this it is worth examining all the nuances.

Best of all the warm water floor system is combined with styling under and tiles.

• First, both materials are durable and durable.
• Secondly, they do not distinguish harmful substances when heated.
• And thirdly, the heating perfectly complements the tile (the material itself is cold), and it can be even for a barefoot due to high heat capacity.

Of course, the warm floor can be done, under linoleum, PVC tiles and even carpet, with a special note.

But, for example, carpet makes no sense, and it is impossible to exceed the surface temperature above 31 ° C, according to SNiP 41-01-2003. Otherwise, it will provoke the release of harmful substances.

Installation in the apartment

Probably, many residents have had a thought to independently connect "on free" Water warm floors to the system central heating or DHW. And some do it even, but in most cases it is prohibited by local legislation.

For example, in Moscow, Government Decree No. 73-PP dated February 8, 2005, in Appendix No. 2, it is clearly written about the ban on the re-equipment of public water supply systems for the floor heating device.

Violating the rules in best case, You can get a penalty at the first visit to Plumbers. And at worst - the risk of leaving neighbors without heating.

In some regions, the ban does not work, but an examination is required to connect not to disrupt the operation of the system.

In general, from a technical point of view, such options are possible, but only when the individual pump mixing unit is connected and the pressure in the output system is connected.

Note! If an an apartment building has an inkjet pump (elevator), then we can not use metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes.

Floor installation methods

There are several ways to arrange a warm water floor.

• The most popular and reliable one is a concrete screed. Unlike electric species, 16 mm pipes in tile glue can not be hidden, and it will not work. Therefore, the screed is poured at least 3 cm above the pipes.
• The second way is to lay the pipes into the cut out of the styrofoam grooves. The grooves are done manually, inside the pipes, then poured the screed.
• The following option is often used in houses with wooden floors, although it requires large labor costs - this is laying in wooden grooves. To do this, the boards are stuffed onto the floor, which create a chit of the desired form for laying.

Used types of pipes

For warm water floors, three types of pipes will fit.

• Stitched polyethylene tubes (PEX-EVOH-PEX) - uncomfortable in work, because it is difficult to give them fit form (When heated, they straightened). But they are not afraid of frozen liquid and maintainable.
• Metal pipes - optimal option: low price, Easy in installation, stably hold the form.
• Copper pipes are expensive, when used in the screed, they need to close the protective layer to prevent alkaline effects.

Calculation of warm water floors

Before mounting and purchasing materials, it is necessary to make a warm floor calculation. To do this, draw a circuit diagram, which is then useful when conducting repair workTo know the position of the pipes.

• If we are confident that in a certain place will always stand the furniture or plumbing, in this place the pipe does not fit.
• The length of the contour with a diameter of 16 mm should not exceed 100 m (maximum for 20 mm will be 120 m), otherwise the pressure in the system will be bad. Thus, each contour approximately takes no more than 15 square meters. m.
• The difference between the length of several contours should be small (less than 15 m), that is, they must all be uniform length. Large rooms, respectively, divide into several contours.
• The optimal step of laying pipes is 15 cm when using good thermal insulation. If the winter is often frost below -20, the step is reduced to 10 cm (only in the outer walls). And in the north can not do without additional radiators.
• In case of laying step 15 cm, the flow consumption is approximately 6.7 m per square room, when laying every 10 cm - 10 m.

The graph shows the dependence of the flow density from the average temperature of the coolant. The dotted line shows the pipe with a diameter of 20 mm, and solid lines - 16 mm.

The graph shows the data are valid only when using a cement-sand tie with a thickness of 7 cm, coated with tiles. If the thickness of the screed is increased, for example, 1 cm, then the density of the heat loss is reduced by 5-8%.

• To find the flux density, the amount of the heat loss of the room in watts is divided into the area of \u200b\u200blaying pipes (deduct indents from the walls).
• The average temperature is calculated as the average value at the inlet in the contour and the output from the return.

The optimal temperature at the input and outlet should not be different by more than 5-10 degrees. The maximum coolant temperature should not exceed 55 ° C.

According to the diagram, only a rough calculation can be performed and make the final adjustment due to the mixing unit and thermostats. For accurate design, be sure to turn to professional heat engineers.

Tart of warm floor

Warm water laying technology consists of several layers, which are placed in a certain sequence. The total thickness of the cake is 8-14 cm, the load on the overlap is up to 300 kg / kV. m.

In case the basis - concrete plate:

• waterproofing;
• insulation;
• reinforcement grid;
• pipe of water heating floor;
• screed.

For waterproofing, it is permissible to use a conventional polyethylene film or special materials. The damper tape is made of sliced \u200b\u200binsulation strips with a thickness of 1-2 cm, or buy ready option With self-adhesive basis.
The selection of insulation depends on several factors: region, base material. For example, for floors on the soil, the extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 5 cm is used (optimally 10), and if under the floor of the first floor there is a warm base, then you can use more subtle options from 3 cm.

The main purpose of the insulation is to direct heat from heating up and prevent large heat loss.

In case the base is the floors of the soil:

• bulk ground 15 cm;
• crushed stone 10 cm;
• sand 5 cm;
• rough screed;
• waterproofing;
• damper tape around the perimeter;
• extruded polystyrene foam at least 5 cm;
• reinforced screed with coolants.

Preparatory layers under the draft screed is important to be carefully layered. With a dense ending of the base and the use of extruded polystyrene foaming, it will not be necessary to make a draft screed.

Installation of a warm floor

Suppose a good base has already been prepared: a smooth concrete plate or a falling layer without strong drops. The drops should not exceed 7 mm when checking a two-meter rail. If there are irregularities, they can be covered with sand.

Waterproofing

Someone lays waterproofing under the bottom of the insulation, someone, on the contrary, upstairs, and some use both there and there.
If extruded polystyrene foam is used, it practically does not need waterproofing, so its position is not as critical. But it will not give cement milk to penetrate between the seams of the insulation and go to the stove and will additionally restrain moisture from the bottom.
If you fix it at the bottom of the insulation, it is possible to mount the pipes on the warm floor straight to the insulation. If the waterproofing is steles upstairs, then the mounting mesh is required for fastening pipes.

We put waterproofing with the allen on the walls by 20 cm, and on each other. Shakes glue a tape for sealing.

Dampfer tape

If the finished tape is purchased - just glue it around the perimeter. It usually has a thickness of 5-8 mm and a height of 10-15 cm. The height should be higher than the level of the fill, the excess is cut into a knife. If the tape is made with your own hands, then be sure to glue or fasten it with self-storms to the wall.

The linear expansion of the concrete is 0.5 mm per meter when heated to 40 ° C.

Insulation

The leaf insulation for warm water floor is stacked with the displacement of the joints so that it is tightly connected.

Reinforcement

The first layer of the reinforcement grid is usually placed on the insulation and is used as a base for fastening the contours and uniform heat distribution over the surface. Between themselves mesh bind with wire. The grid on the nylon clamps fasten the pipes.

The diameter of the rods of the mesh is 4-5 mm, and the cell size is depending on the styling step, for convenient mounting.

In addition, be sure to lay reinforcement over the pipes, since it will not give almost no effect on the bottom of the mesh, if it is lying at the bottom itself. Either during the fill to put the grid on the stand, creating a gap.

Pipe fixation methods

Water warm floor can be laid in several ways, list them.

• Stripping clamp from polyamide. Use for quick fastening of pipes to the mounting grid. Consumption - about 2 pieces per 1 m.
• Steel fastening wire. Also used for mounting to the grid, the consumption is exactly the same.
• Stapler and clamps. Suitable for rapid fixation of pipes to thermal insulation. Consumption of fixators is 2 pieces per 1 m.
• Fixing truck It is a U-shaped PVC bar, which serves as the basis for laying pipes 16 or 20 mm. Hard attached to the floor.
• Mats for warm water floors of polystyrene. In the middle of the grooves between the columns the pipe is stacked.
• Distribution aluminum plate. Used when mounting in wooden floors, reflects and evenly distributes heat over the surface.

Application of various types fasteners of pipes

Laying pipes

Pipes are laid with an indentation from the walls of 15-20 cm. Each contour is extremely desirable to do from a single pipe without welding, and their length should not be more than 100 m. The step between the pipes at the walls is 10 cm, closer to the center - 15 cm.

Warm floor laying circuit is different, for example, a spiral or snake. Outdoor walls try to make the laying step more often or hold the contour from feeding next to the cold walls. An example of a scheme for enhanced heating of exterior walls is shown in the photo, it is better to use this option in the cold regions:



In the remaining cases, the contours of the spiral (snail) are usually placed, this is a universal version.

In places with a large cluster of pipes to avoid overheating of the surface, some of them are closed with a heat insulating tube.

Metal-plastic 16 mm and 20 mm is easy to flex manually, without the use of special tools. In order to break the tubes to the angle of a small radius and at the same time not to crack her, the angles bend into several goals (hand interceptions).
At an angle of 90 °, approximately 5-6 interceptions. This means, at the beginning, resting big fingers, make a little bend, then slightly shift hands towards the bend and repeat the actions.

Invalid the presence of fuses on pipes in places of sudden turns.

Polypropylene tubes bend much harder because they spring. Therefore, they are heated or made to bend them, but in the case of a warm floor - simply attach to the grid, making bends less sharp.

Installation of water heat starts from connecting the first end of the pipe to the distribution collector, and after laying the room immediately plug (second end).

Constorm connection

In most cases, the contours are connected through the distribution unit. It carries several functions: increase pressure in the system, temperature adjustment, uniform feeding to several contours, combination together with radiators.

There are many schemes for connecting to the boiler, which we wrote in the article about: with manual adjustment, with weather automatics and autorugulation with servo drives and sensors.

Euroconus fitting

Pipes are connected to the collector using the Euroconus clamping fittings.

Pressing

When you are finished the installation of all contours, be sure to conduct pneumatic testing of the system for tightness. For this, with the help of the compressor is crimping. A small household compressor with a pressure of more than 6 bar is suitable for testing. The pressure in the system is adjusted to 4 bar and leave it for all the time before the system is started.

Since the air molecules are much less than water molecules, it will be possible to detect even a small depressurization. In addition, water can freeze if they do not have time to connect heating, and nothing will become with the air.

Chatting of a warm floor

Filling the screed is made only after installing all contours and hydraulic tests. It is recommended to use a concrete not lower than M-300 (B-22.5) with a rubble fraction of 5-20 mm. Minimal thickness 3 cm above the pipe is made not only for the sake of obtaining the desired strength, but also for the uniform distribution of heat over the surface. Weight of 1 square. m. Chats with a thickness of 5 cm is up to 125 kg.

With a screed thickness, more than 15 cm or at high loads require an additional calculation of the thermal mode.

With an increase in the thickness of the screed, more time is required to heat it up to a certain temperature after switching on, as well as the inertia of the system. The lower the thermal conductivity of the screed, the higher the temperature of the coolant will be taken.

Deformational seams

Examples of the separation of a large room on the zones

The absence or improper position of temperature gaps is the most frequent cause The destruction of the screed.

Shrinking seams are made in the following cases:

• the room has an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 30 square meters. m.;
• walls have a length of more than 8 m;
• length and width of the room differ more than 2 times;
• above the deformation seams of structures;
• the room has too bending.

To do this, on the perimeter of the seams laid the damper tape. In place of the seam, the reinforcement grid must be divided. The deformation gap should be at a base of 10 mm thick. The upper part is treated with a sealant. If the room has non-standard form, it needs to be broken on more simple items rectangular or square form.




If the pipes pass through the deformation seams in the screed, in these places they are packed in a corrugated pipe, 30 cm of corrugations in each direction (according to SP 41-102-98 - 50 cm on each side). It is recommended not to separate one contour with deformation seams, the pipes and return pipes should pass through it.

Proper passage of contours through technological seams

When laying tiles on deformation seams, the likelihood of its disposal increases due to different expansion of adjacent plates. To avoid this, the first part is placed on the tile glue, and the second part is attached to the elastic sealant.

For additional separation, the deformation seams of an incomplete profile can be used. They are made using a trowel, 1/3 of thickness. After soaring the concrete, they are also sealed with sealant. If pipes are passing through them, they are also protected by corrugations.

Cracks on the tie

A fairly frequent phenomenon is the appearance of cracks on the tie after drying. This can provoke a number of reasons:

• low density of the insulation;
• bad sealing solution;
• lack of plasticizers;
• too large screed thickness;
• lack of shrinking seams;
• too rapid concoction;
• wrong proportions of the solution.

Avoid them is very simple:

• insulation needed to use a density above 35-40 kg / m3;
• the solution of the screed must be plastic when laying and adding fiber and plasticizer;
• in large rooms you need to make shoes (see below);
• also, it is impossible to give concrete to quickly capture, for this it is covered polyethylene film The next day (a week).

Solution for screed

For a warm floor, be sure to use a plasticizer to increase the elasticity and strength of concrete. But it is necessary to apply special types of non-air-penetrating plasticizers for a warm floor.

Without experience, make a cement-sand tie for a warm floor without rubble / gravel will not work, and the correct vintage CPS will cost more than factory concrete. Therefore, in order to avoid cracks due to a violation of the composition of the solution, it is concrete with rubble.

The M-300 solution of the M-400 cement cement, m-400 and rubble is made according to the following proportions.

• Mass composition C: P: Sh (kg) \u003d 1: 1.9: 3.7.
• Volume composition for 10 liters of cement P: Shk (L) \u003d 17:32.
• Of the 10 liters of cement, 41 liters of mortar will be obtained.
• The volumetric weight of such concrete M300 will be 2300-2500 kg / m3 (heavy concrete)

There is also another option using the granite dropout instead of sand, the following elements are used for its preparation:

• 2 buckets of rubble fraction 5-20 mm;
• water 7-8 liters;
• sUPERPLASTICER SP1 400 ml of solution (1.8 liters of powder diluted in 5 liters hot water);
• 1 cement bucket;
• 3-4 buckets of the granite discrade fraction 0-5 mm;
• bucket volume - 12 liters.

High-quality concrete should not be distinguished when laying (flashed). If everything is done correctly and the air temperature is 20 ° C, it should begin to be captured after 4 hours, and after 12 hours it will not leave tracks from heels.

After 3 days after the fill, the screed will pick half of its strength, and it will turn completely only after 28 days. It is not recommended to include a heating system up to this point.

Wooden floor

The tree does not effectively carry out heat, unlike concrete, but the installation will also implement it. To do this, use distribution plates from aluminum. Pipes are placed in wooden grooves made by fastening pre-prepared boards.

For the installation of linoleum, carpet and other materials requiring a flat surface, an aligning layer of chipboard, plywood or GVL is stacked above the pipes. If parquet or laminate will be used as a finishing coating, the design of the underground can be slightly simplified, without the use of the leveling layer.

When choosing plywood and chipboard, make sure that they have sanitary and hygienic and thermomechanical indicators, allowing them to use them with warm floors.

Prices for water warm floor

The price of a warm floor of water is formed from several components:

• the cost of materials (pipes, insulation, fasteners, etc.);
• the cost of the pump mixing unit and manifold;
• work on leveling the base and fill the top layer of the screed;
• the cost of mounting the warm floor.

On average, the price of water warm sex when installing "turnkey" together with all materials and work will cost approximately 1500-3000 rubles. For 1 sq. M. m.

Below is an approximate estimate for a house of 100 square meters. m., but prices for water warm floors are strongly dependent on the region, so it is best to drive their data there and make an independent calculation. There are no expenses for installation and purchase of radiators, boilers, finishing and screed.

Estimation on the installation of a water underground system of 1st floor.
№	Name of material	Units. change	Number of	Price	Sum
1	Extruded expanded polystyrene 5 cm	m2.	96	227	21792
2	Mounting grid 150 * 150 * 4	m2.	106	30	3180
3	Polyethylene film 250 MK	m2.	105	40	4200
4	Pipe metal-plastic 16 mm	m. p.	700	39	27300
5	Dampfer tape from the substrate	m2.	30	50	1500
6	Collector Valtec 1 ", 7 x 3/4", "Euroconus"	pC.	2	1600	3200
7	Fitting Connection to the collector (Euroconus) 16x2 mm	pC.	14	115	1610
8	Pump-mixing knot	pC.	1	14500	14500
9	Dowels and selflessness	pC.	300	1,5	450
10	Mounting tape	m. p.	50	11	550
11	Other components for warm water floors	pOS.	1	0	0
	Total on materials				78282
	Name of works	Units. change	Number of	Price	Sum
1	Chernovaya screed	m2.	96	60	5760
2	Installation of damper ribbon	m. p.	160	60	9600
3	Laying waterproofing	m2.	100	60	6000
4	Laying mounting grid	m2.	110	150	16500
5	Installation of pipes	m2.	96	300	28800
6	Pressing system	m2.	96	20	1920
	Total work				68580
1	Total on materials				78282
2	Total work				68580
3	Total				146862
	Overhead transportation costs			10%	14686
	In total, by estimet the installation of a water heating floor system 1.				161548

Installation of warm water floors is shown in video:

If a a private house Used for year-round accommodation, it must be additionally insulated. It helps reduce heating costs and create a favorable microclimate during the cold season. Many owners of low-rise real estate are primarily interested in the question of how to make a warm floor in a private house and minimize heat losses? In this article, we describe the simplest solution - the installation of a water heating floor system, we will tell about the advantages and disadvantages of technology, features of the pipeline laying.

Why did the warm floor system become so popular? Owners of private houses received excellent alternative Radiators that are not as effectively coped with the tasks set. They cannot evenly warm the room, therefore, the temperature is most opposite from the battery, the temperature is much lower than that on which the heating source is fixed. The difference between the temperature at the floor and the ceiling is huge - the heated air rises up, and it is there that the main heat concentrates. The floor remains cold, so the feeling of unpleasant discomfort arises.

Water warm floors in a private house, providing a number of additional benefits, help to solve this problem. Here is a list of their main positive qualities.

Explicit merit

The first and most important advantage of the warm floor water system is uniformized room heating.

• Using it as an additional or main source of heat, you can significantly save on home heating.
• The system helps to completely abandon the use of bulky radiators that fit very badly into the concept of modern interiors.
• This type of heating does not dry the air indoors, does not burn oxygen.
• During the operation of the system, there is a large temperature difference between cold and warm air, therefore the curvature processes are excluded. And this means that air flows will not raise dust from the floor, creating difficulties for allergic and people suffering from pulmonary diseases.
• The presence of a thermostat allows you to adjust and independently control the heating modes.
• Unlike electrical systems Warm floor water does not create electromagnetic radiation. It is easy to establish independently, without resorting to expensive help of professional masters.

Existing shortcomings

Before installing the water system, experts recommend to get acquainted with the shortcomings with which it possesses. Similar knowledge will help avoid the most common mistakes:

• First, the process of assembling a warm floor is a very time-consuming and long-term set of activities that require high initial costs.
• Secondly, it is necessary to fill the floors with concrete. The pipeline for which it will be forced to run the coolant, it is necessary to drain in the cement-sand tie. In case of its failure, it will be difficult for the repair of individual sections. We will have to turn off the system, completely dismantle the floor covering and drop the concrete tie. And this is very difficult.

Undoubtedly, the system of the system is much more than flaws. Today, new technologies have appeared, helping to bypass them.

Note! If you correctly perform the assembly of the system, then water warm floors will help for many years to forget about discomfort in a house associated with poor-quality heating.

FEATURES OF MONTAGE

How to make the floor warm.

Collect the water heating system in two ways:

1. Perform a cement-sand tie (if there is a need to lay a highway on a concrete base).
2. Use a special flooring system (if the floor base is wooden).
3. When installing pipes with a concrete screed, the installation scheme is as follows:
4. The concrete base is cleaned of the construction trash and dust. Carefully examined for identifying defects. Cracks and potholes are filled with thick cement-sandy mortar.
5. Waterproofing spreads to the floor. A polyethylene film can be used as it. It stacked the mustache, and the seams are bonded by construction scotch.
6. Dampfer tape is mounted around the perimeter of the room on the walls. It minimizes the effects of screed expansion when drying.
7. In order for the heat generated by the system, the insulation is laid on the film, one side of which has a foil layer. The thermal insulation material is located in this side up. It is better for these purposes to use a hard material that fits tightly, and the possible cracks between individual elements Filled mounting foam. From above on the insulation there is a reinforcement grid. It creates the pipeline according to the diagram.
8. The highway connects to the distribution collector. Pressing system is performed, and it is checked for leakage detection.
9. If the system works normally, the fill of the floor concrete with your own hands. The concrete screed lines the surface and prepares it to lay the finish flooring. The main thing at this stage is to observe all the subtleties of the technology and make the solution properly. Therefore, we will stop at this point in more detail.

Concrete screed

Water warm floor screed thickness

To the surface of the floor turns out to be smooth, you need to learn in advance how to make a concrete floor in a private house. In detail to study the features of this technology will help the video posted on our website. From the video tutorial, it will be clear how to set beacons how they can be attached directly to reinforcement gridHow to pour concrete floor by using yourself solution. Therefore, we will not stop in detail this issue, and we describe how to properly dry the concrete tie.

As a solution for filling, cement and sand is used - two ingredients stirred with water, allow you to get a special mixture, which is very long gaining its fortress. The concrete screed will finally grow out only three weeks after the fill. So that it does not cracked, the screed must be dried correctly:

1. On the second day after the fill, the concrete screed is perfectly watered with water and covered with a polyethylene film. From above, you can lay a layer of wood sawdust or sand, which every two days will also need to water water.
2. Open film can be opened only after a two-week term. In the last one third, the screed dries open, but again every two days watered with water.
3. Include a warm floor system can be only a month after the fill of the concrete. Increase the heating temperature gradually.

Now you know how to fill the floor in the house, how to dry the screed. The final stage is the choice and laying of the floor covering. For the finish finish, it is necessary to choose materials having a minimum heat transfer coefficient. Optimal choice - ceramic tile. However, today you can also use laminate, linoleum and carpet.

Generalization on the topic

Today, the water heating floor system is actively used to heat private houses. Collect her yourself simply, if you study in detail the algorithm existing technology. This article described only one method of laying - installation of the system in a concrete tie. On how to lay a warm floor on a wooden base will be described in the following material.

Semen Knyazev

What is a water heated floor? This is a capital liquid heating system in which air heating in the room occurs due to the use of the flooring design with the pipe system, which circulates the coolant. The system of the warm floor is connected to the local (gas boiler) or central system Heating.

The water outdoor heating system can be operated as the main heating of the house (independent source of heating) or, as an additional. Depending on the execution and method of heating, different types of warm floors are distinguished: water and (cable, rod,).

Water warm floor is a durable and economy system Heating, but its installation is associated with significant difficulties and costs. Therefore, installation of the system The warm floor is instructed by professionals. For those who decided to make a water warm floor with their own hands, we will tell, from what stages this process consists, and pay attention to the main subtleties of design and installation.

Water warm floor - advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

• efficient heat redistribution, providing uniform heating of the entire premises;

• security natural circulation air;

• compatibility of a warm floor with any type of floor covering (provided that it is well conducted heat: tile, laminate, natural stone);

• possibility to install autonomous system (individual heating) or connect to the central heat supply highway;

• reduction of heating costs by 20-40% (in comparison with radiator);

• independence from power supply (and interruptions in the power grid);

• the ability to adjust the temperature in separate rooms and at any time of the day;

• minimum costs during self-installation;

• improves appearance premises due to the absence of radiators and visible pipes of the heating system;

Minuses:

• inertia system. The time of heating the room is 4-6 hours (depending on the volume, area);

• the complexity of the design in the case of the use of warm sex as the only source of heating of the room;

• high cost of installation;

• it is difficult to regulate the temperature regime in the case of connecting to the central highway of heat supply;

• decrease in the height of the room by raising the floor by 100-120 mm.;

• eliminating the use of such floor coverings as a carpet, carpet or palace;

• the possibility of leakage (in the apartment - flooding the neighbors from the bottom, in a private house - basement);

• low maintainability of the pipe system;

Water warm floor - Montage with your own hands

Step-by-step instructions for water heating of the floor includes the execution of four consecutive steps:

1. Develop yourself, download ready-made typical or order individual warm water floor project. At this stage, an attraction of a specialist is recommended to eliminate errors.
2. Choose equipment and building materials.
3. Perform correct installation of the system a warm floor.
4. Check and first launch of water warm floor.
5. Finishing, laying of floor covering (tile, laminate, linoleum).

1 stage - the design of a warm floor

Before proceeding with the preparation of the project, it is necessary to make sure that there are no strange obstacles to mount the system in the room. As such, they can act:

• height of the room. The thickness of the warm floor of the water (mounted system) is 100-120 mm. This leads to a lift of the floor to the appropriate height;

• door installation location. Due to the installation of the system, the floor level rises. It is necessary to maintain the height of the doorway at 2200 mm ( standard door and assembly clearances) or evaluate the possibility of increasing the doorway or estimate how much the manufacture of the door to order;

• outcomes windows. Windows located on the north or northwest, or fastened-oriented, or having big sizemay lead to the fact that the system power will need to increase to compensate for heat loss through the outer contour and provide the desired temperature in the room;

  Note. If the calculated thermal losses are more than 100 W / m.kv. Mounting the water heating system is impractical.

• beam Bailed Capacity or Plate. Considering the weight of the concrete screed, you should evaluate the abilities of the plates or beams of overlap to withstand the weight of the water heating floor system. Old overlaps are not yet a reason to abandon the system as a whole, but the reason to learn the flooring water floor.

In view of the requirements listed above, water warm floors in the private house have become more distribution than in apartments in high-rise buildings.

If obstacles are not observed for the device, you can proceed to design.

Warm floor calculation

The calculation is performed need quantity material depending on the parameters of the heated room and technical characteristics component equipment and materials. The calculation of the warm water floor is made on the basis of the following data:

• floor area and room height;
• material of walls and floors;
• degree and type of thermal insulation;
• type of floor covering;
• material and diameter of pipes;
• power heating element (boiler or central);
• the desired temperature mode (see table).

Limit (maximum) surface temperature of a warm floor for premises of various purposes

After that, a sketch is made (the scheme, drawing), reflecting the installation site of the main equipment, the method and step of placing pipes.

How to make water warm floor

Be sure to pay attention (device features):

• in places of furniture placement heating elements Paul is impossible, because It can cause their overheating and drying;

• it is not recommended to exceed the length of the contour over 90 m (the limit value depends on the pipe cross section);

The maximum length of the heat-insulated floor circuit of water (loop) depending on the pipe diameter used

The deviation is explained by the fact that hydraulic resistance (slowing down the movement of the coolant) and heat load are directly dependent on the diameter of the pipe.

The masters are considered the optimal, contour length of 50-60 m (when the pipe section is 20 mm). If necessary, it is advisable to set two contours of the same length. This is due to the fact that in the process of movement in the pipes, hot years gives part of the heat energy, and the floor temperature is reduced. The use of short circuits will provide uniform heating of the floor over the entire area.

Note. The length of the contour is calculated from the outlet point from the collector, not only at the entrance to the heated room.

• half floor laying step is 100-500 mm;

Note. When using water heating floor as an additional (alternative) heating source, a step of laying pipes in 300-500 mm is recommended. In the case of installation of a non-alternative (main) system, the step decreases and is 100-300 mm. If the "heat zebra" effect appears exceeding the laying step, and the difference in the surface temperature of the floor is fertilized.

• installing thermostators will help to avoid overheating, and reduce the cost of operation of the system.

Water warm floor in the apartment from central heating

Important. Installation of the system The warm floor in the apartment is conjugate with a number of difficulties. In particular, it is necessary to provide a project in the hob or society of co-owners, as well as the district heating network. After approval of the project, to obtain a conclusion about the possibility of installing the system. Typically, the installation is allowed only in new homes, where there is a separate riser for pumping hot water (used in the event of a breakthrough).

The installation of the warm floor in the bathroom is allowed by connecting through the access to the coil from the heated towel rail. For heating a small area, permission is not required.

In addition to the component installation scheme at the design stage, a type (type) of a warm floor system is selected.

1. Concrete system. Suggests the fill of the pipes concrete (arrangement of the screed);
2. Flooring system. It assumes the use of flooring from a tree or polystyrene. In this case, there are no "wet" processes and the speed of work increases.

2 Stage - Accessories for a warm floor

Warm floor water, it is a complex pipe system with a coolant. Therefore, we list what is needed for a warm floor device (system components).

Warm water boiler

Optimal and common option in a private house (apartment) - connection to the gas boiler. If there is no individual heating, You can connect to the central heating highway, but the autonomy of the project is lost.

It is also possible to use electric water floors. Their feature is that the heating cable is laid inside the pipe, which guarantees uniform heating of the coolant (water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol) throughout the length of the contour. Undoubted advantage is the possibility of installation in apartment buildings (because they are not connected to the heating highway, which means there is no risk of damage to the attachment node). But there is a significant disadvantage - the high cost of electricity, which is necessary to ensure the functioning (heating) of the system.

The calculated boiler power must be 15-20% higher than the total power of all floors indoors.

Circulation pump for a warm floor

We are needed to ensure the movement of the coolant in the system. The pump built into the boiler will not cope with the load, if the area of \u200b\u200bthe house exceeds 100 m.KV.

Warm water floor pipes

• copper pipes According to experts, the ideal option is considered - durable, distinguished by high heat transfer, but their cost will significantly increase the installation budget;

• pipes from metalplastic Lidd by price / quality ratio. Their composition eliminates the appearance of corrosion and accumulations, which leaves the diameter of the pipe cross section unchanged. In addition, metal-plastic pipes have low weight, it is easily bent and possess a high temperature limit.

• polypropylene pipes Attract low price, but high probability to buy low-quality goods.

• PEX-pipe from stitched polyethylene is distinguished by reliability, but require hard attachment, because When heated straightened. Users recommend to reduce the mounting step of holders when using a 2-3 times res.

The optimal cross section is 16-20 mm. Pipe consumption per 1 m.KV. 5-6 mp (at a step in 200 mm).

Note. According to reviews, users advise to use products only famous marks (Uponor, Rehau).

Heater for warm water floors

As thermal insulation, materials can be used:

• foil polyethylene (with a minimum blood pressure thickness);

• polystyrene foam. Users recommend using ready heat insulating matshaving protrusions for laying pipes with a step of 50x50 mm;

• mineral wool. Users speak poorly in the case of a device of a concrete system due to the ability of Minvati absorb part of moisture from the solution.

Council. Thermal insulation layer (heater thickness for a warm floor) above the basement, in social floor, on the first floor in a private house, should be thicker. In addition, the higher the alleged temperature of the coolant, the thicker it is necessary to make a layer of thermal insulation.

Flow counter heat

The installation of the heat meter in the apartment is relevant when it is possible to permit on the device of a warm floor of a water-in-room in an apartment building.

Collector cabinet

It is established for the installation of adjusting elements and docking the contour pipes with the thermal supply.

Reinforcing mesh

Regarding the stacking of the reinforced stack of users, users are diverged. In general, the reinforcement grid will further increase the concrete screed after laying the pipe system.

Components for tie devices

• concrete (cement, sand, water);
• damper ribbon 100-150 mm wide;
• fasteners for fixing pipes.

3 Stage - installation of warm water floor with their own hands

1. Installation of the collector cabinet

Installation of the system begins with the installation of the collector cabinet, the required elements of which are ( collector knot): Collector, pump, air vent valve and drain removal. The gabaris of the collector depend on its configuration. It is recommended to install a collector in equal distance from all contours. In case of the impossibility of performing this recommendation, near the longest from the contours.

Important. When installing the collector, free space for triggering pipes is provided. It is not allowed to install pipes from above, only below. This will ensure the normal movement of the coolant. Installing the locking valve between the system of the pipeline and the collector simplifies the system maintenance if necessary (prevention, descent, repair).

2. Preparation of the base under the warm floor

The surface is cleaned from the garbage, the heights of the floor (slopes, elevations) are eliminated.

The prepared surface is carried out by laying of heat-insulating material that reduces heat loss through the floor. Next covers waterproofing film. Laying the damper tape protects the thermal expansion of the concrete screed.

Flooring under water warm floor need to be aligned to provide the same screed in the thickness (the key to the uniform heat distribution over the surface)

3. Laying pipes for a warm floor

Installation of water heat pipes can be performed by several methods (laying schemes):

Snail

Pipes are stacked around the perimeter of the room narrowing to the center. The laying of pipes through a row is required to ensure the possibility of reverse coolant and more uniform heat return.

The method is used when due to the complex configuration of the room, the center of the pipe system must be shifted, as well as in rooms of more than 40 m.kv.

Snake (loops)

In this case, the pipe from the heater passes along outdoor Wall, then wave comes back. The scheme is suitable for small rooms.

Meander (Double Snake or Combined Scheme)

The snake loops are located in parallel and allow you to organize the movement of the warm and cooled heat carrier in the pipes. This is good because it allows you to compensate for the cooling of pipes.

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Council. Masters advise to start laying from outdoor or colder room walls.

To make the layout correctly, the newcomer is recommended to first put markings on the floor surface. At the time of installation of a warm floor in subsequent rooms, the laying will be made on the eye. Only solid pipes or reliable connections are used for laying.

Stop laying of pipes from connecting one end to the feed collector.

It is possible to organize insulation near the outer walls by changing the procedure for laying pipes, as shown in the diagram.

After laying the pipe to the designated circuit, it is fixed by the clamp. As an option, you can use a dowel and tie a pipe to them using copper wire or put the reinforcement grid on the floor and tie the pipe to it with the possibility of thermal expansion of materials.

Simplifies the work of the ribbed polystyrene substrate under the warm floor of water, the use of which simultaneously allows to ensure thermal insulation and put pipes with smooth rows.

4. Connecting a warm floor collector

After laying the contour, the free end of the pipe is connected to the return collector.

5. Pressing Warm Water

Covering pipes (hydraulic test), such a name is the procedure for checking the quality of laying, because At this stage there is a possibility to make adjustments to the heating system of water heating floor.

Pressing provides for water intake to the system under high pressure. The pressure recommended for verification exceeds the calculated working 1.5-2 times (at least 0.6 MPa). In the first half hour crimping, it is permissible to reduce pressure by no more than 10%, in the next 2 - 15% of the source value. The water temperature remains unchanged. Check time - day and more. If the violations are not detected, and the floor warms it evenly can continue to continue.

6. Screed for warm water floor

For a screed can be used:

• any finished mixture, which is mandatory characteristic of which is the ability to work well;

• classic concrete (with a grade cement at least m 300) with the addition of plasticizer (3-5%).

The height of the screed ranges in the range of 3-7 mm. Pouring of the solution is performed with a complete (filled heat carrier) system with a pressure specified during pressure testing. The total time to frozen concrete is 28 days. For the mixture - the time of frozen is determined by the manufacturer.

Note. On the surface of a significant area (more than 40 m.KV) provides for the device of compensatory seams.

4 Stage - the first launch of the warm floor of water

After full frosted (drying), the floor screed system is ready for launch. It reaches the specified parameters for 2-3 days.

5 Stage - finishing of a warm floor

Fully finished warm floor covered finishing material. Today, the tile and laminate remain the most popular flooring.

Water warm floor under the laminate was widespread. However, the installation of laminate in this case is performed with some nuances:

• the quality of the laminate must be confirmed by the certificate. After all, when it is heated, the room will be released harmful substances. Usually, laminate for a warm floor marked "Warm Wasser";

• the heat insulator under the laminate does not fit;

• required ventilation of the floor of the covered laminate. For this, the perimeter is leaving a 10-15 mm thick gap, which is then closed by a plinth;

• before laying, the laminate is placed in the room for a set of floor temperature. In this case, packaging with lamellas must be placed on the floor, and not to fold into one high stack.

As you can see additional difficulties, the use of laminate as an outdoor coating does not create, but the masters advise to use water warm floor under the tile. This is due to the fact that the laminate is characterized by low thermal conductivity (the thickness of the lamel, the lower this indicator), and the connectors are present, the evaporation of which is not the best way to reflect on the health of residents at home.

How to make a water warm floor with your own hands - video

Water warm floors will serve for a long time in the event that adhere to the recommendations for their operation, which contain user feedback. The main requirements are as follows:

• we need a gradual set of temperature. You can not run the system to "maximum" after the idle period (until completely cooling the floor). Users recommend a stepped increase - by 4-5 ° C per day;

• the temperature of the incoming coolant should not exceed 45 ° C;

• it is not recommended to include / disable the system often. This will not lead to additional savings;

• it is necessary to ensure optimal humidity in the room. Balanced microclimate will benefit on human health.

Conclusion

In addition to installing a warm water floor system inside the house, you can perform mounting work On the street, for example, for the device of the snowstation and anti-icing system (for heating pedestrian track, input zone, porch, stairs, car parking, etc.).

The main trouble of private houses and cottages is a cold floor. After all, radiators are heated only part of the air indoor. The heated air immediately rushes up, leaving the floor is almost the same cold.

In the presence of water heat, the temperature in the room is distributed more rationally. The costs of heating remain the same or even decrease. Such systems can be installed both throughout the house and only in the bathroom, children's, living room, etc.

Main Methods of Montaja

Warm floating pipes can be secured:

With the help of fill with a concrete tie;

In the grooves of polystyrene plates;

On the making ground.

The last two options call the "dry" system. The fact is that in buildings with wooden overlaps Cement-sand screw Use is unacceptable. After all, the weight is even 1 square. M concrete 50 mm thick is about 300 kg. To secure water floors in buildings with wooden floors are used polystyrene sheets Or panels tree.

Warm floors with a cement-sand tie in areas with a warm climate can be mounted as the main heating system without installing radiators. At water temperature in pipes 30-50 ° C, the floors are heated to 22-24 ° C, which is quite enough for a comfortable existence.

Cement-sand screed

The heat transfer of the "dry" systems, unfortunately, is significantly lower than in structures with a concrete tie. Therefore, they can only be used as a supplement to heating radiators.

Laying "dry" floors for a platmich base and polystyrene mats

Important! In apartment buildings connecting water floors to centralized system Absolutely forbidden. If the apartment is located on the first floor, and cold came from the basement, the floors with electrical heating should be used.

Choosing pipes

Pipes are selected for floor heating diameter from 1.6 to 2.5 cm. Use smaller diameter products is inappropriate, as water circulation in too thin pipes is reduced. The speed of water will be low and in the case of installation of too wide pipes: the water in them will cool, without reaching the end of the contour.

With water floors, it is better to use flexible pipes from "Shot" polyethylene, the degree of expansion of which is less when heated. For strengthening, they are reinforced with fiberglass. The pipe connection is made using compression or pressing fittings.

Such pipes outwardly resemble ordinary hoses. They are also easily bent, so do not require the use of pipe bending, and they can be mounted literally in minutes. The shortcomings of such products include the "creep" - an increase in the diameter of products without losing performance to 1.5% during the first 10 years of operation. In addition, over time, they will slightly swell and become less smooth.

Pipes from "Shot" polyethylene

Compression fittings and compression compression of pipes from "sewn" polyethylene

When installing can be applied and metalplastic (polyethylene products reinforced by aluminum), pipes from corrugated stainless steel or medical. Flexing metalplastic with pipe bending or manually after preheating on gas burner.. The connection in the joints is made fittings without welding.

Device of metal-plastic pipe and fitting compounds for metal

Polypropylene It is applied less often, as it has a small bend radius, and it's more difficult to work with it. Avoid joints in such pipes will not work, and for their compounds are used special welding nozzles.

Calculation of the number of pipes

On the millimeter or leaf in the cell draws the room plan with doors and windows Scale 1:50. It is applied on it scheme of laying pipes, ranging from the window nearest to water riser of the wall. From the wall it is planned to indent 30 cm.

The distance between the two pipes depends on their diameter and the initial temperature of the room: from 20 to 50 cm. If the room is too cold, then the distance is minimal. One contour (branch) should cover no more than 20 square meters. m.

Methods of laying pipes

There are several ways to laying. The lack of laying "snake" is a significant difference between the water temperature at the entrance and outlet, so it is used only in small rooms, where heat loss will be minimal. With this method, the beginning of the contour must be at the coldest zones at the windows and along the walls.

Laying "Sail" more difficult, however, with this method, the temperature difference in the room is practically imperative. Initially, the pipe is paired along the walls, and only then bent 90 ° C and moves inside the contour. Wherein warm trumpet And the pipe already cooled alternate with each other, so the heating of the floor occurs evenly. The so-called universal method is used, in which the "snail" and "snake" alternate.

Important!If there is heavy furniture or technique in the room, the warm floor under them is not packed.

Measuring the contour length in the drawing, you should multiply the resulting digit to fifty (sketch scale). This digit is added 2 m to connect pipes to the riser. For calculations, you can use the following formula:

Important! The maximum length of the pipes in the circuit is 90 m. With an increase in this number it is possible to drop the pressure, as well as the occurrence of a sufficiently large heat loss at the end of the contour. If the number obtained is greater than 70 m, it is desirable to divide it into two separate branches. In this case, the difference in their length should not exceed 15 m.

Warm floor collector

The first in the warmest system is installed water distribution collector - The node to which all pipes are dragged. Its main function - collecting cooled and distribution of hot water in separate sites. Up to 12 contours can be connected to the standard collector. Such devices are usually placed in a closed cabinet. It is desirable that it is in the center of the wall of heated premises. It is not recommended to install it too close to the floor.

Switchboards

The temperature at the input to the collector should not exceed 35 ° C, while the surface of the warm floor should heat up to 30 ° C (in wet premises up to 33 ° С). Parquet temperature or vinyl film should be slightly lower: up to 27 ° C.

Before the collector is usually located skaling valveWith which you can turn off the heating system. Next to him are also attached drain crane and air vent. If there are several contours in the system with different length, the collector must be equipped flow regulators.

Pump-mixing knot

Since the pipes in such a system should warm less than heating radiators, the pumping unit is provided in the heating system, in which water is diluted to necessary temperature. Such a node is connected to the feed line and the "return" (the pipe along which the coalwater is returned to the system).

The pumping-mixing unit consists of a circular pump that provides water pressure, and a valve that regulates the degree of its feed. Mixing hot and cold water, temperature control and maintenance to the required level is carried out using a thermo mixer.

Pump mixing knots

Water floors

1. Warm floors system mounted on chernovaya Pol. It can be collected from boards or plywood. If the distance between lags is greater than 0.5 m, it is better to pave an additional lag between the supports.

2. Floors should be perfectly smooth, since if there are differences, it is possible to carry pipes. In a concrete basis. Adjacent to the soil, it is necessary to close all the gaps and cracks.

3. All wooden surfaces (including carriers of lags) are necessarily processed by an antiseptic.

4. Overlapping of the room is necessary waterproof. To do this, you can use polyethylene with a thickness of 200 microns, which is stacked on chernov semi Vansel with a climb on the walls and attached scotch or building stapler. They are also enveloped and lags. For insulation, you can also use runneroid or special solutions.

The waterproofing layer is stacked with a wall

5. Over the waterproofing stacked insulation. When installing the system directly on the ground or over the cold basement, mattes from the extruded polystyrene foam of 60 mm thick or a layer of clay from 10 cm are used. Can also use foam, minvatu or basalt plates.

Heat insulation

6. More modern materials for warming water floors are profile heat insulating plateswhich provide "Bars" for laying pipes. Each such stove is equipped with a side lock for clutch with a nearby sheet. For convenience, cutting over its sides is a ruler with inflicted divisions.

Profile thermal insulation plates for laying pipes

7. Along the walls and door boxes to compensate for the counterparts from concrete is installed dampfer tape (strip width from 120 mm) of foamed polyethylene. She should perform above the floor by 20 mm. Below, such a ribbon is provided for "skirt" from the film, which the joint is overlap, so that the concrete when the screed is not dropped down.

Laying of damper tape

8. Fastening pipes to heat insulating material can be carried out with the help of anchor brackets or, in the case of installation metal grid, through clamps.

Fastening with anchor clamps

Fastening pipes to a metal grid

9. On top of the insulation, a foil laying is laid, which will reflect heat.

10. When pouring the pipes with a concrete tie cement mortar It is desirable to introduce a plasticizer for cracking protection. It takes at least 28 days to complete its complete hardening. Installing the clean floor can only after this time.

Concrete screed

Important! The connection of pipes under the concrete screed to avoid leakage is not allowed. When laying, metal plastic should use only whole bays.

11. If the "dry" system of polystyrene or tree is used instead of a concrete screed, then the insulation is again covered with a waterproofing layer and plywood sheets or wood. Laying pipes in this case is produced in thermal distribution metal plates equipped with grooves.

Terms distribution plates

Pressing system

1. To check the system for tightness before the fill with concrete or the closure of "dry" systems produce it pressing. In order to avoid future leaks, the air lines in this process should not be involved, so they overlap. When crimping Metalplasty The first test is carried out during the day with cold water under pressure 6 bar. Before the fill with concrete, this water does not merge.

2. Pressure in the pipes from the "shutter" polyethylene During such a check, there must be 2 times more workers. After it is reduced to normal for 30 minutes, the pressure is raised again, and they are repeated 3 times. After that, the system is left per day. During this time, it should fall less than 1.5 bar.

3. Next, the second check of hot water is performed. The pipes need to warm up to 80-85 ° C. When the weak links are found in the attachment, fittings are tightened. When warming up, the stress is removed, which occurred in the process of laying pipes. Pouring concrete is made after cooling pipes without reducing pressure in them.

Video: Water warm floor in the house

Installation of warm floors is provided heating system do it yourself. Self installs such types of warm floors: infrared, electric, water and film. Water types of warm floors are considered the cheapest and practical. They spend the least of all resources, however, with installation will have to tinker.

Constructive features and organizational moments

Water warm floor is a system of polypropylene, plastic, copper or metal pipes. The coolant is a liquid that moves along the circuit of the pipeline. The temperature of the liquid, and, consequently, at home, is controlled by a thermostat - a heat-sensitive sensor that is installed at a distance of 80-120 cm above the floor. Note, the thermostat can be located in any of the heated rooms or on the street.

The second distinctive feature of water heating is its economy. However, this system has the opposite direction - complicated scheme Installation: Under water warm floor, you need to properly prepare a screed, purchase heat-insulator, connect pipes to the boiler and organize the safety of your home. In addition, the water floor requires the connection of the adjusting fittings and the distribution collectors cabinet. The closet contains feed and reverse pipelines connected to the collector.

Methods of installation

How to make a warm floor in a private house? There are two installation methods - the flooring method and installation on concrete surface. The first installation method is used exclusively for such types of floor covering: laminate, linoleum and carpet. The second method of the water floor is set for such materials that are put on the concrete screed.

Installation of warm floors in a private house

Installation of warm water floors on a concrete tie is the most popular way to install high-tech heating. This installation scheme has gained high popularity due to high water floors and economy performance.

Step-by-step instruction:

When laying the floor with your own hands, we recommend to adhere to the sequence described above. Go to the most complex stage - to compile the layout of the pipeline and their installation. There are several ways to lay water supply: single and double snake and spiral. Snake schemes are advised to be used for square or rectangular premises, and the second option is for rooms with irregular geometry.

Heating elements of heating are attached to the reinforcement grid on the clamps in 0.5 meters increments. In places potentially high pressure and voltage pipeline strengthened corrugated pipes. The length of the pipes when laying the outer walls should not exceed 85-95 meters, otherwise the heating system will lose too much heat as a result of the pressure drop at the end of the circuit. On average, 1 m² is 5 raven meters Pipes, provided that the step is complied with 200 mm.

Installation of water warm floor with their own hands

Pressing is the final stage on which the pipeline is inspected for integrity. Recommended pressure pressure is 0.3-0.4 MPa. Concrete screed It is better to fill after checking the pipeline. The layer thickness should not exceed 45-75 mm. Specialists advise the use of sandbetone M300, or a special material for warm floors.

Outdoor coating placed only after full springs of the screed. Subject to observance temperature mode And the regular ventilation of the room is dried about 20 days. On the warm floor, built with their own hands, can be placed ceramic tiles, linoleum, laminate or carpet.

Installation of the polystyrene heating system

Included with polystyrene plates all necessary materials for installation are sold. The assembly scheme is quite simple: the polystyrene plate has special plates with grooves in which the pipes for water floors are easily snapped. After snapping, the floor can be overlapped by any coating that does not require a special base, for example, a concrete screed.

If you do not imagine the interior without ceramic tile or linoleum, then, in this case, we recommend that you install the GVL layer over the polystyrene plates ( hypus fiber leaf 10-15 mm thick). Hypus fiber is a very strong and lightweight material, so it can be safely putting a tile with your own hands without fear of damaging the heating system.

The modular scheme implies the use of already ready-made chopping plates with special channels under the pipeline. Pipes for heating are installed in the grooves. Then put on heat insulating layer. The whole design is covered with hvl plates. A suitable type of flooring - for example, linoleum;

The installation of the installation of installation is no different from the above described. The only thing that the diagrams are based on this scheme, and not the plates with retainers. After installation, the pipeline is overlapped with GVL plates.

Video: Warm floor on a wooden base