Good day, dear members of the forum!
At the moment, he has frozen his construction of a house of two floors and a basement. While it was cold, the thought came to mind on my own the system " smart House"and think in advance where to pull what.
I ask for your help in understanding how much the system with my wishes will cost me.

And so the idea of ​​the following is spinning in my head:
- light automation (not everywhere. only general night illumination, external lighting, and maybe a couple of rooms and a corridor)
-automation of the secret police (movement, opening, etc.)
-automation of video surveillance
- gas sensors, leaks, smoke
-interphone. Gates.
-valve for water, gas.
-heating (either valves on pipes, or directly to the boiler, by the way, the boiler will definitely be 40-50 kilowatts). the boiler is more interesting - but I do not know what protocols there are with the control panel.
- some sockets and complete blackout of some premises.
- ventilation control (speed, closing)
- temperature sensors inside / outside
-all on wires. no wifais.
- the multimedia server is not really needed in this system. will be standard.

1. a good server on x86, or two - one under video surveillance, the other managing the entire smart home. it is in stock, although not particularly powerful.
2. The control interface from the consoles on the floors \ switches \ android-windows smartphone. while we exclude the cloud! only a local web, possibly open to the Internet (or using vpn, if you manage it from a distance). consoles are optional, but mobile phones are desirable. but no cloud services.
3. more or less user-friendly management interface.
4. twisted pair on floors to stretch all this and work only on the wire. I want absolutely no wireless sensors and controls.
5. I plan to use only LED lighting, although some lamps may be halogen.
6. I would like dimming in some places.
7. I would like an application for android / windowsphone so that it can connect to the local server not through the cloud, but directly.
8.automatic feeder \ waterer cat)

As a result, I want to get the following:
1. full control of all affairs in the house from the phone, plus a tab in which I would see the image from the cameras.
2. control from a TV (from a mini-PS), a tablet (console), switches.

I have programming skills, but not enough. Windows family - admin, linux - at the user level.

I got this question because:
1.I can't decide on the protocol of interaction between devices smart home and as a result, I don’t know what to implement.
2.I don't really want to get attached to rack and pinion devices due to great price and disabilities.
3. I don't want to use a non-wired solution.

I am completely sure that there should be systems installed on a PC, with applications on android, with the kind of functionality that I need. and there should be automation equipment (sensors, relays, dimmers) that shouldn't cost the huge money our distributors want.

The availability of cheap Chinese iron is very pleasing, but its quality is disappointing.

Thank you in advance for directing your thoughts in the right direction.

The topic "Smart Home" is already on everyone's lips. They talk about it, invest in it, develop it ... On this topic, to such giants as Siemens, General electric and others were joined by seemingly not quite specialized companies, such as Microsoft, Google, Apple.

There is no single standard on the topic, just as there is no instruction, they say, “do this and that”, so theoretically everyone can build their smart home exactly as they want, and therefore I could not skip this topic and actively connected to it. I will not say that I ate a dog with smart homes ... no, rather like that, I bitten, but nevertheless, based on my experience and my observations, I will try to lay out a detailed ... mmm ... How-To? No, it won't. Overview? Not that either ... Rather, it will be a parting word or a set of advice.

The theater begins with a hanger, and I will start by immediately dotting the "I" so that the readers do not have unreasonable negativity or just some kind of misunderstanding in the process of reading.

The most important thing is that the article is intended for people who have not really understood yet whether they need this “Smart House” at all and whether they need to get involved in this topic?

Now the term.
Let's be honest, "Smart Home" is not only an artificial intelligence system that talks to you in the bathroom in the morning (while you shave) and prepares dinner for you while you drive home. The system should not be confused with the wife.

Smart home is any an automation / automation system (or a complex of automation / automation systems), which somehow, even in the smallest fraction, makes your life easier. It doesn't matter what it is: an automatic switch-off of the light in the toilet after a person leaves and closes the door, or a system that itself waters the flowers at home, feeds your beloved cat and closes the leaking water supply pipe if you stayed late at work. If something works in your house based on some algorithm, then it can already be called a “Smart Home” system, only with limited functionality.

Also, "Smart House" is not only a mansion stuffed with electronics, but also an apartment in which your automation and / or control system works, i.e. "Smart apartment" is also "Smart home" and further in the text we will use this very term.

In general, there is no need for a person to be excessively boring, and to go into controversy over the question of how smart the “Smart House” turned out to be, which was made by Kolya's student - I believe, disrespect for the work of that Kolya. Did he do it? Does it work and control something? Great, well done! Let it continue to grow above itself.

Back to the topic.

We want to build our Smart Home, where to start? With the purchase, construction? No, in this business, as in all engineering tasks, you need to start with paper, or rather, with a project. Will it be a chewed piece of paper with diagrams and drawings that are understandable only to you or it will be something drawn in * CAD ... the main thing is that at least you understand what is shown there.

Do not be afraid to describe "distant plans", write down and think over everything, even what you can do in the very long term. It is better to think it over now because then it will be too late. This is an experience paid for with the blood of many engineers who stepped on numerous rakes.

What should you pay attention to?

1. Users

Think about how users will handle the system you enter, i.e. residents of your home or members of your family. Will non-technically savvy people be able to use it (old people, children or wife - it doesn't matter who exactly). A scenario like: "Darling, the light in the toilet will turn on now, now I only add the firmware to Arduin." does not fit. Imagine that you are handing over your system to a rich "cattle" bandit who, seeing your switches with LED backlight will tell you: " This ... you hear, but what is this for crap? Where is Cho to reap?". What is obvious to you may be completely incomprehensible to the rest.

2. Technology

Wired or wireless. If it is wired, then you need to make plans for laying all the necessary cables (and better with a large margin). Where to cut walls, where to place sockets and automation elements - everything should be on the diagram. If the system is wireless, then consider where the transmitters / receivers will be, where the signal repeaters will be located.
Now you remember that, in a month, when there is a lot of information, there will be a mess in your head and something will be forgotten.

3. Executor

Who will do all this? Are you yourself or a hired specialist firm? It will be cheaper on your own, but you will need to deeply dive into the issue. We're still going to rely on self-deployment, because the category of the article is "Do it yourself", right?

4. Autonomy

Thinking over the functionality and capabilities of a smart home, always count on the fact that there will be no Internet in the house. Of course, many smart guys will object to me, they say, you need to think over the possibility of pairing with something in the outside world ... think it over, lay it down, no one argues, but your smart home should work properly in full autonomy / isolation mode. A person living in a metropolis may find it difficult to understand how so that there is no Internet at all ... GPRS, ADSL, at least something should be back-up? No no and one more time no! It may not be, but it should work all.

Here's an example:
You have built a funny system: say "Nafanya, turn on the multicooker / light in the toilet" and the system turns off the multicooker or the light in the toilet, simultaneously saying "Turn on". But suddenly, because of the evil hackers of Al-Qaeda, your provider's network fell off, and behind it fell down the network of your mobile operator "Rupor", which provides you with a backup LTE channel. Naturally, Google TTS, which was based on your voice control system, fell off and the smart home in the blink of an eye turned into a dumb dumbass that cannot turn on anything. Make it possible for manual control, or even better, make the system so that it can, for example, read the weather aloud without the Google voice service. Difficult, but possible. Nobody said that deploying Smart Home is like installing MS Office.

Second example:
You made the smart home control through an Android application, but after the malicious hacker attack described above, your smartphone was unable to access the cloud service and instruct the smart home to turn off the forgotten iron. Write your application that can work remotely via a 2G network of a mobile operator or via Wi-Fi if you are within the coverage area of ​​your home access point.

5. Next moment that you need to remember when designing follows from the previous one: The "core" of your automation system.

Your house may have a router (ADSL, LTE or whatever), a switch or some other network switching device, but the smart home should be controlled by a "core" - a separate and independent device... Do not under any circumstances combine network traffic management and home management in one piece of hardware. Now there are many routers on which you can install firmware with a miniature copy of Linux, and many people familiar with this topic are trying to hang everything that comes to mind on such routers. Personally, I like routers in which you can fine-tune everything that I need, but I do not think it is correct to install the controls on a device that was not originally designed for this.
Your home may be left completely without a network, but home automation should work, or vice versa, home automation may "take off", but this should not drag the LAN (local area network) to the bottom.

6. Kernel placement

For all this mess with a router, a switch, a control system kernel, systems backup power etc. you need to allocate a separate place: wardrobe, closet, closed niche / mezzanine. Anything where there is ventilation (the equipment will warm up and you need to think about cooling) and where it will not get in the way / get in sight. Your system shouldn't mess up general view housing and make negative changes in home comfort.

If you have a basement, it is better to deploy your "flight control center" there.

7. Expenses

Perhaps this should have been inserted somewhere closer to the beginning, but if the previous points are not fully worked out, then the matter may not come to expenses.
The most important thing to know is that Smart Home is a damn expensive venture. You can do something on your own (etch boards, program microcontrollers), but this will only reduce your costs, and will not eliminate them altogether.
The next important thing to consider at this point is duplication. Buying any equipment and performers should be doubled and always round up. In your house, for each performer (switches, sensors, etc.) there should be a backup in the storeroom (unless, of course, a third-party organization is engaged in the maintenance of your house). Do not count on the fact that if something breaks, then you go to the store and buy.

Example:
The tension has jumped. Although the protection worked, some of the built-in light switches burned out, you got sick yesterday and are lying at home with a temperature of 39.2 degrees. Let's say that you are a courageous man (after all, the pun turned out), and, not giving a damn about your health, decided to get out of bed and replace all the switches on your own, but ... with what? Understudy.

Have you decided to place a camera in front of the entrance? Buy two. Have you figured that you need 12 "smart" switches around the house? Buy 24. Do you think it never happens that all 12 will fly out at once? Unfortunately, it happens that the very first thing that you have to duplicate is the core of the system.

Outcome

I described an insignificant part of the beginning of such a large and interesting project for most "techies" as "Smart Home". This topic touches on almost all areas in IT: networking, programming, administration, automation, electrical and electronics ... and from this it is a complex topic that requires a special approach. This is evident from what I wrote above, but if it is not visible, then the writer has not matured in me.

It will not work to cram all the text into one article, I have already cut it down enough, therefore there will be at least one more part of the material, which, in principle, will contain advice / recommendations on the choice of software and hardware. It sounds a little strange, they say, such a variety of technologies, what advice can there be? Nevertheless, there are tips and tricks even in such a situation.

Thanks to everyone for your attention, and to those who have read all this to the end.

Films often show a living space that seems to have a life of its own. The lights come on with a wave of the hand, the curtains open, after a certain word music plays. All this equipment is intelligent home system, and we propose to consider how to make a smart home with your own hands, what is needed for this, and also what is the scheme of such a system.

Smart home - what is it

Smart home is a home automation that is a residential extension of building automation. Home automation can include centralized lighting control, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), home appliances, opening gates, doors, GSM and other systems to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. It should be noted that for some categories of the population (elderly people, disabled people), this event may become necessary.

Photo - Smart home distribution ideas
Photo - Simple smart home

WITH the latest implementation into our life of SMART technologies, many can no longer imagine their life without automatic installations, software, we need wireless internet, household appliances.

Home automation refers to the use of computer and information technology to control household appliances and their functions. It can range from simple remote control lighting to complex networks based on a computer / micro-controller with varying degrees of intelligence and automation. Home automation should generally be as simple as possible.

Photo - Smart door lock

Advantages of using a "smart home" in an apartment based on PIC or WAVE:

1. Economical spending of time on the daily setting of various mechanisms, receiving calls, sending mail;
2. The use of gaseous or liquid fuels, and later the use of electricity, allowed increased automation in heating systems, reducing the labor required to manually refuel the heater and stove.
3. The development of thermostats made it possible to set up a more automated control of heating, and later cooling;
4. So often the guards are carried out industrial facilities, living quarters;
5. As the number of controllable devices in the home increases, their interconnection rises. For example, an oven can send notifications when it needs cleaning, or a refrigerator when it needs service.
6. V simple installations The smart can turn on the light when a person enters the room. Also, depending on the time of day, the TV can tune to the desired channels, set the air temperature, lighting.

Smart home can provide interface-access to household appliances or automation to provide control and monitoring on your smartphone, through a server, mini Smart for iPhone, iPod touch, as well as using a laptop (you need a special soft: AVR Studio).

Photo - Home control via tablet

Video: Schneider Electric Smart Home System

Smart home elements

Home automation elements include sensors (e.g. temperatures, daylight or motion detection), controllers and actuators such as motorized valves, switches, motors and others.

Photo - House control scheme

These are heating, ventilation and air conditioning, HVAC can control temperature and humidity, for example, an Internet control thermostat allows a homeowner to remotely control a building's heating and air conditioning systems, the system can automatically open and close windows, turn on radiators and boilers, underfloor heating.

Lighting

These lighting control mechanisms can be used to control household light, appliances. Also, this can include a natural lighting system, the operation of blinds or curtains.

Photo - Smart home scheme

Audio-visual

• The effect of the presence of a remote control (This is the most modern technology which is used to increase security). It consists in the ignition of the light, musical accompaniment.
• Simulated presence
• Temperature control
• Brightness control (electric lights, street lighting)
• Security (alarm, blinds).

How to make a smart home

An intelligent system can be made with your own hands, the most budgetary option is setting up control of lighting in the house or turning on a computer.

Photo - Smart home control option

To make a lamp that will "itself" light up, you need to connect to it special equipment... There are several options for solving this problem:

1. Install an acoustic relay (1 or x10-wire);
2. Connect a dimmer;
3. Connect a motion sensor.

The easiest way is to work with the sensor. Its sale is carried out in any online store, you can buy channel device, you can develop your own according to your parameters. The only remark is that you cannot install an incandescent lamp with such a device, it may not withstand the load and explode, it is better to work with an LED.

Photo - Smart home concept

Another "smart" silent option is a dimmer. Here you need to touch the lamp, depending on the number of touches, the speaking device will change its brightness. It is very convenient to use on a lamp in a bedroom, nursery.

To set up control and regulation of temperature, we need a multi-channel system. The central temperature and humidity control circuit consists of:

• Sensors (ds1820) that measure the physical state of liquid, air.
• Controllers (rfm12), which can be simple physical components and complex special purpose devices or embedded computers.
• Lunex drives that respond to controller signals.

Most modern way- is to buy all the components of a smart home, wires, thermostats. After that, install the devices in each room, a thermostat on the radiator and one on the boiler. You will also need a controllable unit, or "brain" of the entire system. It is recommended to install it on the heating inlet pipe.

Photo - Smart home system

The easiest way is to install a video surveillance and alarm system. Fundamental provisions for the installation of security systems:

1. You need to connect sensors on the windows, doorways, there the electrician will be the most productive;
2. The most difficult thing is to select a board, the smart home controller depends on it, the work of mediocre parts, the level of signals;
3. Many experts believe that the indicators should be mounted at floor level. Somewhere 20 cm from the plinth, this increases efficiency;
4. It is advisable to establish constant monitoring, establish a digital system of contact with the security service. Often, responsible owners install a special program on their personal computer, which allows you to control the operation of the system from any point where there is an Internet (this is what Elena Teslya and her book: "Smart home: how to do it yourself", also there are other solutions. ). You can connect sms notifications.

Smart home is very convenient way make your life easier, often whole system purchased completely (Arduino, KNX, Linux).

The cost of each system is individual. The most popular brands are as follows: beckhoff, gira, lpt, redeye, Smart Switch IOT screen, teleco. We recommend, before building such a housing, to consult with specialists, they will help to calculate the load level, calculate the power consumption.

Photo - Light control via phone

To get ideas, you can flip through V.N. Gololobov "Smart Home" with your own hands, DJVU or PDF, see our photos for free and video instructions, read the advice of famous masters.

Due to the rapid growth in popularity of the smart home equipment control system "smart home", the market offers many of its combinations and options, both costly integral and separate circuits for installing a smart home system with your own hands.

How much are smart homes today?

The price of smart homes fluctuates a lot. It does not depend on the "appetites" of companies, but on the technologies, functions and equipment used in the installation of the system. For 1-2-room apartments, a complete set of popular functions of an intelligent complex with installation and connection can cost from 4 thousand to 15 thousand USD. Let's compare, in a cottage the price for “smart houses” starts from 6.5 thousand cu.

An automated control system is not a cheap pleasure and, moreover, its price depends on the presence of various functions in the set. Some of them come in the kit by default and add significantly to the cost in general, although, for example, they may not be used at all by the owners.

By the way! Popular features include lighting control, climate control, security and safety.

That is why the question of whether it is possible to install a smart home system with your own hands is relevant for those who want to save money on installation and selection of equipment.

In fact, the technology and equipment for installation is not as complicated as it seems. And if the money issue is not in the last place for you, then you can only choose necessary minimum functions, as well as independently make the installation of the "Smart Home" system.

Pros of self-assembly

The installation price is about 30% of the total cost of the complex. That's why independent construction automated equipment is a way to significantly save in price. In addition, in this case, you can independently select the elements of one reliable manufacturer, add or change the functions of the entire complex if you wish.

Experts say that if a person needs to cover all functions, then it is better to take ready-made version complex, which will cost the consumer 400 thousand rubles plus additional installation costs. “And if you want to save money and are ready to do everything by hand, then you can dig deeper and put together a good system for 40+ thousand rubles,” - forum user Oleg shares his calculations.

You can independently equip a house with intelligent automation in two variations: buying a ready-made budget option with ready-made schemes installation, or the creation and development of a project from scratch.

Ready-made smart home systems provide for simple DIY installation, without complicated programming. Most often they have a wireless communication channel, so their installation is possible without dust and dirt.

Self-creation

• Installation of a smart home system begins with drawing up a project. You must decide what you want to see, ideally in terms of functionality. Most often, this is the control of light, doors, heating, and alarm systems. It is also important to understand how you will manage all of this.

Sit down calmly and think about what is important for you to have in your home automation system. It is better to write down a full technical assignment on paper. This should include the desired number of light points and switches, as well as their type, approximate level of loads, the number of devices regulated by automation (heating, underfloor heating), the number of sensors.

Such a task will make it possible to determine exactly how many and which interfaces will be interfaced with other automation devices.

• Next comes the purchase of equipment. According to the project, you will need to buy a variety of controllers, servers, wires, and so on.

Which communication model will support your automated system, the procurement of information exchange protocols is in progress. It can be communication on electrical wiring, on separate wires or via a Wi-Fi radio signal. Remember, if the repair has already been done, then it is better to choose a wireless communication channel so as not to gouge the walls again by laying meters of cables. Also, the type of controller depends on the type of communication.

• Choosing a management server. Here you can install the touch panel of the server PC. software or a special panel. The latter costs more, but is considered more effective.

It is important to understand that control of all functions of a smart home can be carried out not only when you are at home, but also remotely. For example, according to mobile phone or via the Internet. Being anywhere in the world, you can simply send an SMS message to the intelligent system with the order to "turn on" desired sensor to execute the action.

1. Laying of cables.
2. Commissioning works. At the final stage finishing works you must install server, switchboard and other equipment, connect cable products.
3. Programming, tuning and testing for compatibility of all installed systems... This is one of the most critical stages of work. Basic programming required individual elements, configure the top-level automation and test the software.

How much will the equipment cost?

As for the equipment and prices for it, then here you can decide for yourself which equipment to use. Conventional household appliances differ in price from “smart appliances” by 2 times, but according to experts, for example, the same air conditioner in the smart home system will play a key role and it’s better not to save on it.

Where can I find schematics?

Schemes ready-made budget options smart home automation is offered by the manufacturers themselves. At self-assembly according to your own project, you can focus on the schemes posted on the network in various forums dedicated to the smart home system. The circuit in this case will be tested for personal experience a person recommending his own version of laying and interfacing automated communications.

When will the system pay off?

Smart home in a complete set, established by specialists is not cheap, but will pay off in 5-8 years thanks to the possibility of saving on electricity, gas, water, heat, etc. ... And if you install this intelligent system yourself, you can not only reduce the cost of purchasing expensive automation, but also periodically supplement the smart complex with new equipment, depending on your needs. Well, if there is still not enough money for a smart home, then you can buy an apartment in a new building in Krasnodar in LCD Chocolate and LCD Matryoshka.

Video about setting up a smart home system.

There are many original and sometimes extraordinary solutions in the world aimed at comfortable improvement of living quarters and united under a single concept of a smart home. The range of such complexes is amazing, while their installation can be carried out independently. Today we will talk about how to "build" a smart home with your own hands, its features and the main stages of installation.

Features of the smart home system

Smart home is a modern residential building, fully automated, organized for comfortable living in it due to high-tech devices. A smart home is understood as a number of systems capable of recognizing specific situations and adequately respond to them, one of these systems can control the functioning of the others in accordance with a predetermined algorithm, and they are all combined into a single controlled complex.

Smart home control combining Newest technologies, simple - just select one of the preset scenarios in accordance with which the system will select the optimal operating parameters for necessary devices... The house will be based on the wishes of the owner and on the existing environmental conditions, both inside and outside the premises.

What does a smart home include?

The smart home system includes the following functions:

• Climate - heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The controllers used will pick up temperature regime indoors and save a significant amount;
• Lighting - the equipment allows you to create various lighting schemes, adjusting them to the user, providing convenient control by them;
• Security - you can set up not only an alert about illegal entry, but also use the “presence in the house” system, as well as monitor gas, water, and smoke leaks;
• Control - PCs, tablets and smartphones greatly simplify home control, which can be carried out from anywhere in the world where there is an Internet connection.

The main stages of creating a smart home

Well, it's time to figure out how to make a smart home with your own hands without significant costs. We will conditionally divide all work into the following stages:

Prices

The price range has significant fluctuations, depending on a large number factors, the most significant of which is the size of the room where the equipment is planned to be installed, as well as the required equipment.

Below are the prices for the most common ready-made kits:

• Set "Simple" - from 145,000 rubles;
• Set "Standard" - from 170,000 rubles;
• Set "Profi" - from 290,000 rubles;
• Set "Lux" - from 425,000 rubles.

Conclusion

It should be said that installing a smart home on your own is a feasible task, since there is a choice of ready-made "box" solutions on the market. The main thing is to choose the equipment and be patient during the installation.