Bituminous shingles are a practical, lightweight, inexpensive and attractive roof covering.

Since it has the characteristics of popular roll materials, but looks like a traditional piece of tiles, it is referred to both as a group of soft roofs and as piece materials at the same time.

The bituminous tile roofing owes its appearance to the American industry, which has been actively developing since the middle of the 19th century. At that time, the coating resembled a modern roll roofing material.

They began to form piece products from it in 1903, and by the middle of the 20th century, more than 45% of private houses in America were covered with the then most popular three-leaf bitumen shingles. Today, in the same USA, the roofs of 4 out of 5 houses are covered with this material.

What is flexible tile, what is it good for, does it have any drawbacks, what brands of its manufacturers are the most popular and how complicated is the method of its installation?

Description of characteristics, advantages and disadvantages

Bituminous shingles have several names, it is customary to designate them as roofing tiles, shinglas, shingles and soft roofs.

Structurally, the material is a multilayer structure consisting of:

• base, which is fiberglass impregnated with bitumen, fiberglass or organic cellulose;
• a layer of oxidized bitumen with polymer additives;
• a layer of oxidized bitumen with SBS modifiers;
• top layer of colored basalt granulator, mineral chips or slate dusting.

To prevent the tiles from sticking together during transportation and storage, a special bitumen, an adhesive layer with an easily removable polyethylene protection or silicon sand is applied to its base.

Visually, the shingle looks like flat sheet small parameters, its shape can be very diverse with a curly cut along one edge.

Dignity

Compared to other roofing materials, soft tiles have a number of advantages, namely:

• economical in terms of purchase costs, virtually no waste and maintenance; flexible shingles installation technology does not require significant investments; the finished roof has a high maintainability;
• it has exceptional waterproofing properties, does not absorb and does not allow moisture to pass through;
• provides high noise and heat insulation;
• durable, can serve up to 50 years, since it is absolutely resistant to microbiological and chemical influences, not susceptible to sudden temperature fluctuations, frost, atmospheric precipitation, abrasion, mechanical and wind loads;
• safe: does not accumulate static electricity, does not produce harmful vapors, does not carry significant loads on the main structures;
• simple and easy to store, transport, install and maintain (does not require a snow removal system);
• aesthetically pleasing comes in a variety of colors, bold shades of tiles are used to embody modern styles, natural colors for traditional exteriors.
• universal: can be used for roofs of simple and complex configuration.

disadvantages

Like any other material, flexible shingles are not without drawbacks, these include the fact that during their installation, increased requirements are imposed on the preparation of the base. The material can only be laid on solid sheathing; in some cases, an underlay carpet may be required.

In addition, the scope of shingles is limited to roof slopes. It is recommended to use it on roofs with a slope of more than 12 degrees. A smaller slope will contribute to the stagnation of moisture, its penetration under the tiles, which can provoke roof leakage.

For which roofs is it suitable

Suitable for covering the roofs of chalets, sheds, outbuildings and traditional dwellings. Flexible shingles can be used both for arranging new roofs and for reconstruction (repair) of old ones.

However, it can be stacked directly on top existing coverage with a certain surface preparation. In the finished form, the shingle coating has a voluminous respectable appearance, it looks very advantageous both on private cottage-type houses and on large public buildings.

Today on the Russian market there are soft tiles of domestic and foreign production. The democratic price of the material allows you to choose a model of parameters that most closely match the requirements of each specific consumer and the level of his budget.

Popular brands, prices

Soft tiles, in addition to Russian enterprises, are supplied to our market by Finland, Italy, Denmark, America and other countries. Collectively, shingles sales account for 25% of all roofing material sales. According to the testimony of trading companies and consumer reviews, the most popular brands are: Ruflex (Ruflex), Docke (Doke), Shinglas (Shinglas), Katepal (Katepal), Tegola (Tegola), Ikopal abbr. Iko (Iko), GAF (GAF, Certain Teed (Sertan Teed).

Prices for this roofing material range from 190 to 2100 rubles per 1 sq. m. According to the developers, the shingle roof behaves very well in Russian conditions. The overwhelming majority of consumers choose models at prices ranging from 300 to 500 rubles per sq. M. It is recognized that the material Russian production is a worthy competitor to famous foreign brands.

Features of laying technology

Of course, professionals will be able to perform the highest quality roofing device made of flexible shingles. But if there is an urgent need for installation, budget savings are required and there are skills in installation and construction work, then you can lay the soft shingle yourself.

Preparation of the base requires a detailed approach and careful execution.

• Plywood, boards or OSB, which function as a base, must be treated with an antiseptic and an anti-fire compound. The surface on which the shingles will be laid must be dry, clean and even. Experts recommend making a continuous crate, it is also better to use OSB boards so that the surface of the substrate is even and strong.
• The base is laid on the lathing and rafters, between which thermal insulation must be made.
• It is necessary to lay glass insulation or roofing material under the shingle.
• Ventilation must be provided under the base of the soft tiles. This will ensure the long-term operation of the roof, because excess moisture will be removed from the system. If this is not done, then waterlogging will lead to premature damage to the wooden elements of the roof and fasteners.
• The underlayment must be shaped according to the angle of inclination of the roof. If the slope forms a slope of more than 18 degrees, then the carpet is installed along the eaves, overhangs and internal corners (valleys). At an angle of less than 18 degrees, the lining should be laid from the bottom up with an overlap of no more than 10 cm. The joints must be sealed with bitumen mastic.

After preparing the base, do-it-yourself soft tiles are laid from the lower edge of the slope from its middle. Rectangular tiles are laid along the very edge of the overhang and then rows are formed upward, the first row of elements of complex configuration should be mounted 2-3 centimeters from the edge cornice shingles... Next, it will need to be cut and glued to bitumen.

When driving nails into the base through the plates, the deepening of the caps must not be allowed, but the elements were securely fixed. Each subsequent shingle should cover the nail heads of the previous row. In sunny weather, the material itself is laid and the joints are naturally sealed. In cold weather, you need to use a construction hairdryer.

In places where the tiles adjoin vertical surfaces, it is necessary to mount a triangular metal strip. The shingles are laid on the bottom of the slats, on top - roll material, which should go to the wall.

In places where chimneys come out, installation must be carried out with particular attention.

Roofing materials like shingles are likely to continue to be popular. Perhaps they will surpass in their qualities soft tiles, but today this material is one of the best offers market.

Choice roofing- not just an aesthetic solution. It is determined by a combination of many criteria: this is the area where the house is located, and the construction budget, and the personal preferences of the owners. You need to choose the material for the roof in advance, having studied different options and weighing all the pros and cons, in order to avoid unpleasant surprises in the future. Today we will talk about bituminous tiles, their advantages and disadvantages, debunk existing myths and show reality.

Bituminous coating: an innovative revival of old traditions

Officially, the homeland of soft tiles is America, where composite roofing materials first appeared at the end of the 19th century. At first, these were rolled products - fabric cloths impregnated with bitumen. Half a century later, the fabric was replaced with cardboard and began to be cut into even rectangular and hexagonal shapes, which were called shinglases or shingles (pieces).

Bituminous shingles have a long history and are very popular in the construction of private houses.

However, prototypes of shingles have existed since time immemorial - the aspen ploughshare, which was actively used in Russian Orthodox architecture of the 16th – 18th centuries, and deciduous shingles, very popular in Europe from the 13th century to the present. What is significant - the method of laying modern bituminous shingles is the same as that of shingles.

In Russia, the prototype of modern bituminous tiles was a ploughshare, which was actively used in church architecture of the 16th-18th centuries.

Despite the long traditions, flexible tiles appeared in Russia only at the end of the last century and immediately won the sympathy of developers. This is due not only to its advantages, which we will talk about a little later, but also to its versatility: a kind of golden mean among all roofing coverings is soft, but strong, flexible, but tiles. Thanks to the elasticity of the shingles, it fits flawlessly on various roof shapes, even with areas with a negative slope: keeled, bulbous, domed or Skifer-style structures.

Due to its elasticity and ductility, bituminous shingles exactly follow any curves of the roof and easily fit the most intricate details on the roofs of complex architecture

In addition, fierce competition forces manufacturers to constantly modify soft roofing materials, adding unexpected but useful additives to their composition. An example is a photocatalytic roof tile capable of cleaning the surrounding area, or a bituminous roofing tile with photovoltaic panels that convert sunlight into electricity. A special place is occupied by metallized collections covered with titanium-zinc, aluminum, copper or gold foil, which provides absolute protection of roofing tiles from heat radiation, which is harmful to bitumen, or laminated shingles, with the help of which volumetric coatings are created.

Photovoltaic roof tiles collect energy from the sun and convert it into electricity

In short, flexible shingles are a high-tech material, reliable, safe, beautiful and durable. And what is inside her?

Shingles composition

Soft shingles are usually supplied in the form of 100x34 cm plates with one figured cut edge. The cutting shape can be different - triangle, oval, hexagon, wave, beaver tail, loft, etc., depending on the manufacturer's imagination. The color range of these products is also very diverse.

The quadrangular cutting of the shingles gives the roofing a similarity to natural tile tiles, and the volumetric effect creates a contrasting alternation of laminated petals

For the manufacture of tiles used:

• durable fiberglass;
• bitumen resins with the addition of modifiers, which significantly improve the quality of bitumen;
• colored mineral chips.

Let us dwell in a little more detail on the types of modified bitumen, knowledge of the properties of which will help to correctly determine the choice of a suitable collection.

1. Oxidized bitumen - artificially aged, is distinguished by high heat resistance and wind resistance due to its rigidity, as well as a unique shape of cutting, imitating brick and shingles. However, it significantly loses its strength in frost, therefore, such shingles need to be laid in the warm season.

   
   Artificially aged bitumen is called oxidized, due to which a soft coating can withstand wide temperature ranges, has high adhesion, flexibility and elasticity, as well as a considerable service life.

2. SBS-bitumen with the addition of styrene-butadiene-styrene (artificial rubber), due to which it remains strong, flexible and elastic, does not crack at extremely low temperatures and freely repeats the shape of the surface on which it is laid. However, sometimes problems arise during installation in hot weather, since when heated, the polymer and bitumen are separated. Therefore, when using it, it is necessary to strictly observe the conditions of laying and storage specified by the manufacturers.

   
   Shingles based on SBS-modified bitumen have high elasticity, but are sensitive to high temperatures

3. APP-bitumen - refers to thermoplastics. The addition of atactic polypropylene significantly increases the material's resistance to high temperatures, ultraviolet light, acids and alkalis, as well as adhesion to metal and glass. Unfortunately, it reduces elasticity. In addition, at negative temperatures, the APP-coating is capable of breaking, as a result of which it is desirable to use it in regions with a warm climate. With strict adherence to the installation technology, such bitumen will last up to 30 years, retaining its properties even in cold climatic zones.

   
   APP materials have low elasticity, but their fatigue resistance under cyclic loads is quite high due to the use of polyester substrates

4. PM-bitumen - Tegola's know-how. The manufacturer does not disclose its composition, but judging by the reviews of roofers, PM-tiles have medium hardness and are rather fragile at low temperatures, but they are distinguished by enviable durability.

   
   The bitumen mixture used by Tegola consists of PM-modified bitumen and components that provide the coating with a long service life, resistance to degradation and UV radiation.

Naturally, it is rather difficult to choose a leader among such a variety. Therefore, focus on the weather conditions of your region and the elasticity of the material, since it is this criterion, even indirectly, that serves as a significant indicator of quality.

The very same structure of shingles is almost the same for all manufacturers. It is based on fiberglass impregnated with a special bitumen, which is protected from above and below by layers of modified bitumen, which provide the tiles with strength and flexibility. The uppermost layer is colored mineral granulate, which gives the tiles the desired color and protects against UV rays, and the lower layer is a protective polymer film that protects the material from sticking, which is removed before laying.

Traditional bituminous shingles (mostly rectangular in shape) consist of the following layers:

Self-adhesive bitumen shingles, most often hexagonal cut, consist of:

Technical characteristics of shingles

The multilayer structure of flexible shingles provides its high performance properties, subject to technology compliance at all stages of production. The quality of this material is determined according to the European standard EN 544 - a unified standard for soft roofing, which regulates the following indicators:

• the weight of the tiles is at least 1300 g / m², and the size of the plates is within 1200X250 mm ± 3 mm;
• longitudinal and transverse tensile strength - depending on the class, at least 400–600 N / 50 mm;
• plasticity and elasticity of the material. There is no need to confuse these two concepts - plastic shingles retain their new shape after the termination of the load (APP-models), and elastic ones restore their original shape (SBS tiles);
• loss of sprinkling. Good shingles should not lose more than 3 g of dressing from one shingle;
• the mass of pure bitumen in 1 m² of flexible tiles or the weight of the fiberglass itself is 100–110 g / m²;
• resistance to ultraviolet light, the formation of air bubbles and creep - at temperatures above 80–90 ºC;
• abrasion resistance of metal foil - at least 0.2 N / mm;
• heat resistance and water absorption, as well as high fire safety - spontaneous combustion temperature of 300 ºC.

Pros and cons of bituminous shingles

Like any other roofing, flexible tiles have their own scope, which is determined by the main advantages and disadvantages of the material, due to the specifics of its structure and shape.

Advantages

Soft roofing is one of the most common roofing materials among individual developers. It gained its popularity due to the presence of many undeniable merits.

1. Lightness, due to which there is no need to reinforce the structural elements of the building.
2. Versatility - the ability to use on roofs of any configuration and selection for different architectural styles.
3. Durability - properly laid coatings can last up to 50 years.
4. Perfect waterproofing and noiselessness.
5. Profitability - a small amount of waste during installation.
6. Resistant to decay, corrosion, rust.
7. Plastic. Flexible shingles hide well the movements of the house during its draft. In addition, it is frost-resistant, is a good dielectric, so there is no need to arrange lightning protection, and heat-resistant - it can withstand temperatures up to +140 ºC.
8. Lack of windage, as a result of which the tiled surface easily tolerates the most gusty winds.
9. Quite good resistance to bioagents - chemical acids, mosses, lichens, fungi.
10. Convenience of delivery and storage, as well as reasonable cost in relation to other roofing decks and quick installation.

Video: features and benefits of soft tiles

Disadvantages and restrictions on the use of shingles

Under certain conditions, it is irrational or difficult to use bituminous shingles, which is facilitated by its shortcomings.

Laying bituminous shingles

Installation of soft tiles is extremely simple. Even skeptics admit it. You just need to strictly adhere to the instructions of the manufacturers, and then the bituminous tile coating is guaranteed to last a long time. Nevertheless, there are still certain nuances and special attention should be paid to them.

Bituminous tiles from different batches may vary slightly in shades. Therefore, before laying, shingles from 5–6 packs must be mixed in random order in order to even out the tonality and avoid color over the entire roofing sheet.

1. Carefully equip the valleys and roof passages, since most of the leaks occur in these areas.
2. Lay all layers correctly roofing cake using high-quality materials for it, it is better than just one manufacturer.
3. When building a house from scratch, it is advisable to mount a lining carpet throughout the roof, and not just in problem areas. This will significantly increase the life of the coating.
4. During roof reconstruction, bituminous shingles can be laid on the old soft surface, after making sure that the rafter system and the solid base meet the requirements for quality and strength.
5. When calculating the bituminous coating, add 3% to the stock for roof structures of conventional design, up to 5% for complex shapes and 12-15% for the arrangement of curved sections: towers, cones, domes.
6. When laying tiles in cold weather, when the air temperature is less than +5 ºC, no more than 5–6 packs should be applied to the roof from a warm room at the same time, and a self-adhesive strip of each shingle should be warmed up with a heat dryer.

Video: installation of roof penetrations

A roofing cake for flexible shingles is a combination of materials, the quality and correct location of which determines the longevity of the roof and a comfortable microclimate in the house. The composition of the roofing cake includes:

Here you can add a valley carpet, cornice and pediment overhangs and abutment strips, galvanized nails, mastics and ventilation ducts.

With improper installation of the roofing cake, the use of dubious materials, the refusal to lay any layers, the performance properties of the shingles deteriorate, which invariably leads to leaks, condensation, heat loss, ice formation, icicles and noise during rain.

Preparation of the base

The base for underlayment and bituminous shingles must be solid, hard, even (differences of no more than 1-2 mm are permissible) and dry.

It is strictly forbidden to lay shingles and insulating carpet on a damp base in order to prevent swelling of the materials.

It is recommended to mount a continuous flooring with a seam spacing, a minimum gap (3-5 mm) to compensate for linear expansion and fix it with special ragged nails or wood screws. The materials used must comply with the standards: plywood - GOST 3916.2–96, OSB-3 - GOST R 56309–2014. The thickness of the solid base should be at least 9 mm for almost all models, although for some series of tiles, such as Western and Continent, it should be about 12 mm. However, the thickness of the flooring is usually specified in the manufacturer's instructions.

When arranging a solid wooden base, you need:

Video: preparation of the base for soft tiles

Reinforcement of eaves and gable overhangs

To strengthen the eaves overhangs, special metal strips are used, laying them on the edge along the edge of the solid flooring with an overlap of 30–50 mm and fixing them with roofing nails in a checkerboard pattern every 120–150 mm, and in places of overlaps - with an interval of 20–30 mm. The rest of the surface of the slopes is covered with a lining carpet, after which, similarly to the cornice, the pediment overhangs are reinforced by laying the end strips on top of the insulating substrate.

Metal strips for soft roofs form and divert water flows along eaves, gables, abutments and prevent moisture from entering under the shingles

Installation of the underlay insulating layer

The underlay carpet is a durable and durable material for additional waterproofing roofs. Its installation is necessary for any roof slope and over the entire area. But it is worth paying more attention to valleys, overhangs and roof passages. In valleys, the underlay carpet should be laid 1 m wide, 50 cm per slope, preferably without overlaps, i.e. in a continuous layer along the entire length. If this is not possible, overlaps of 30 cm are made with careful gluing of the seams, especially in the ridge area.

The underlayment for soft tiles provides maximum roof leakage protection in the most difficult places - bends, junctions and around chimneys

Along the eaves, the lining material is laid by the size of the eaves projection plus 600 mm from the inner surface of the wall, which prevents leaks in the eaves compartment due to sudden temperature changes. The lining material is not brought to the bend of the cornice strip by 1–2 cm. The amount of indentation depends on the slope of the roof and the length of the slopes - the steeper and longer the slopes, the more indentation is made, but in any case it should coincide with the indentation of the starting strip.

Video: installation of Anderep GL underlayment

In valleys, bituminous shingles are laid in two ways: open and by undercut. If the shingles are installed using the undercut method, then the valley carpet is not needed. Otherwise, along the axis of the grooves above lining material mount the valley substrate, making an offset in one direction by 2-3 cm and smearing it with bitumen mastic along the perimeter of the wrong side by 10 cm.

Before laying the main covering, additional strips of lining material are glued onto the valleys and sloped edges.

In areas with a hot climate, when arranging gutters, it is recommended to replace the valley carpet with a metal sheet with an anti-corrosion coating. On the front side, a metal sheet or valley carpet is nailed with roofing nails with a pitch of 20-25 cm, retreating from the edge of 2-3 cm. flooring with glued seams in the area of ​​the ridge.

Video: open-cut installation of flexible shingles in the valley - preparatory stage

The last step before installing shingles is to mark the slopes. The marking lines do not indicate the places of fixing the tiles, but serve as guides - they help to align the shingles horizontally and vertically, which is very important if the geometry of the slopes is violated or when there are incisions of any roof elements. The vertical step is equal to the width of the selected tile, and horizontal lines are applied at intervals of 1 m.

In order to neatly lay soft tiles throughout the roof, the roof surface is marked with a step indicated in the instructions for the selected material.

Video: marking the roof before installing the Tegola shingles

Installation steps

Laying shingles is done in the following order.

1. First, all layers of the roofing cake are mounted, starting from the vapor barrier and ending with the installation of the insulating substrate (lining carpet). Here, some aspiring developers admit serious mistake- in order to save money, they do not lay waterproofing, considering that the substrate will already protect the roof filling from bad weather. It will certainly protect from heavy rain and snow, but alas, not always from hail, as already mentioned above. So this savings is illusory, since the cost waterproofing materials in the total estimate of the roof is scanty, but the safety of the insulation and the rafter system grows several times. In addition, waterproofing makes it possible to install a more expensive underlay in part, and not as a continuous flooring.

   
   Competently laid roofing cake under flexible shingles will provide a cozy microclimate in the house and save you from unplanned expensive repairs

2. Installation of the starting strip. For the starting strip, there is a universal ridge-eaves tile, but ordinary shingles with cut petals can also be used. The tiles are glued over the lining carpet, departing from the bend of the cornice strip 1–2 cm, and nailed. An important point- correct hammering of galvanized nails - after fixing, the head must be in the same plane with the tile, and not cut into it. When using edged working shingles, due to the lack of an adhesive layer on them, the back side of the starting strips is coated with mastic.
3. Laying of ordinary tiles. They begin to mount the first row from the center of the slope, stepping back from the starting strip 10–20 mm. All subsequent rows are laid in the selected direction with diagonal stripes or a pyramid, starting from the middle of the slope with a half petal offset relative to the bottom row. Fix the tiles so that the lower edge of the petals is flush with the upper edge of the cutouts of the previous row. On the pediments, the working shingles are cut by 1–2 cm to drain water during slanting rain and the joints are glued with mastic. To facilitate installation on many tile models, especially laminated tiles, manufacturers apply an assembly line to the face surface to help ensure that the tiles are positioned correctly before final fixing. The drawing of the finished roof in most cases should be abstract, unless otherwise conceived by the designers.

   
   It is better to start the installation of shingles from the middle, closing the joint of the cornice strip and slightly stepping back from the edge. Before installation, the protective film is removed, otherwise the plates will not stick together

4. Arrangement of valleys. With an open drain, ordinary shingles are mounted in a chaotic manner along the valley line over the valley carpet and each tile is fixed with nails, placing them at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the slope joint. Having mounted both sides equally, they beat off two coated lines with a lace, along which the shingles are cut, and in the upper row an additional corner is cut out to direct rainwater into the valley. The width of the gutters is made about 5-15 cm, depending on the surrounding space - the more trees there are, the wider the gutters should be in order to avoid clogging of the storm drain with fallen leaves. In the absence of an adhesive layer, the seamy side of the cut tiles is coated with mastic and glued. Bituminous shingles are laid a little differently by the undercut method. It is used mostly with different slopes of adjacent slopes. They begin laying the canvases on a gentle slope, overlapping them on a steep slope by at least 30 cm, and fix each tile in the upper part with nails. Cover the entire low-slope slope, and then beat off the coated line on a steep slope at a distance of 7–8 cm from the central axis, cut the tiles intended for laying along it, coat each with mastic if necessary and glue along the valley line.

   
   In order not to damage the underlying layers, when arranging valleys, tiles should be cut not on the roof, but on an underlay board

5. Ridge and edge tiling. Having laid all the tiles, they form the ribs and the ridge, install aerators, arrange gutters, hem the cornice and pediment overhangs. For the ridge and edges, ridge-cornice shingles are used, dividing it into 3 parts according to the perforation points. The working shingles are cut so that when they are laid, a 5 mm slot is formed between adjacent slopes. 2 lines are beaten along the ridge ridge or ribs with a marking lace and they begin to form a ridge (rib), laying the tiles along the ribs from the bottom up, and on the ridge - from the side opposite to the prevailing winds. Each shingle is reinforced with two nails on both sides so that the overlap (3-5 cm) of the subsequent shingles overlaps the nails of the previous one. In cold weather, it is recommended to bend each shingle on a 10 cm diameter pipe heated to 30–40 ºC before laying.

   
   The ridge and inclined ribs are shaped in the same way: the passage seals are fastened with nails, ordinary tiles are glued on top, and a metal apron is used at the junctions to the chimneys and the joints are filled silicone sealant

6. Arrangement of roof penetrations and connections. Communication pipes, antenna and ventilation outlets of a small diameter are sealed in the lower part with the help of special pass-through elements, fixing them to the base, and bitumen shingles cut in shape are laid on top and glued with mastic. After that, the necessary roof exit is mounted on the entrance door. At the junctions to walls or chimneys, a triangular rail is first stuffed onto which ordinary shingles are brought. On top, strips of valley carpet with a width of at least 50 cm are mounted, gluing them with back side with mastic and lifting on vertical wall at least 30 cm. The upper part of the abutments is inserted into the groove to ensure the protection of the unit from atmospheric moisture, covered with an apron, mechanically fixed and sealed.

Video: mistakes when laying soft tiles

Domestic market of bituminous tiles

At present, the Russian market for soft tiles is huge - from economy class collections to elite series. Therefore, each consumer will find products to their taste and wallet. The most popular is the flexible shingles of the following brands:

1. Icopal is a Danish concern with centuries of history, which has its own production in Denmark, France and Finland. The company's products stand out for their affordable price and high quality. Each shingle has double or triple reinforcement, which makes roofing tiles incredibly durable and resistant to any negative impacts.

   
   Icopal roof tiles are ISO certified and specially designed for cold climates

2. Katepal (Finland) - the tiles of this manufacturer are distinguished by two parameters: the presence of a groove-ridge, which greatly simplifies installation and strengthens the coating, as well as colored basalt granules, which create the effect of bulk roof decking.

   
   Katepal bitumen shingles are made from SBS-modified bitumen, which makes them heat and frost-resistant, which means they are optimal for the Russian climate with hot summers and rather cold winters.

3. Shinglas (Technonikol, Russia) is the most common tile among domestic developers. It is characterized by high heat resistance - 95 ºC, relief and texture, which successfully copy natural materials.

   
   Shinglas bituminous shingles are recognized as a high quality coating that is durable and flexible, which allows it to be used for various types of roofs.

4. Tegola (Italy) - the model range of the world leader has more than seventeen collections and almost 200 color shades. So there is where to roam. Of particular interest are models that have no analogues among other manufacturers - with a copper, titanium-zinc, copper patinated and aluminum layer instead of the classic stone chips. Such developments allow, at a low price, to obtain a coating of extraordinary beauty, which is suitable for all stylistic directions.

   
   Over time, noble titanium and copper coatings are covered with a patina, which does not affect the quality of Tegola shingles, but only makes its appearance more attractive

Noteworthy are the tiles of brands Brai (Italy), IKO (Canada, Belgium), Uralskaya krovlya and Ruflex (Russia), as well as Owens Corning (USA) with a funny logo in the form of a pink panther, but with serious performance and a lifetime warranty.

One of the significant advantages of Owens Corning is high rates wind resistance, according to which it can withstand wind speeds up to 210 km / h, which is regularly confirmed by laboratory tests

Is it worth to be afraid of bituminous shingles

There are several myths regarding shingles. In reviews and thematic publications, one can find opinions that she:

• very thin and may tear. Here pessimists confuse the thickness of the shingles and the thickness of the coating itself. During installation, the tiles are stacked on top of each other, forming a two-layer canvas, which is twice as thick. For example, the thickness of the metal tile is 0.5 mm, the average thickness of the shingles is 3 mm, which, when laid, will give 6 mm, which is 12 times more. With such a comparison, the small thickness of bituminous shingles no longer seems intimidating;
• cracks. Of course, low-quality material can break, but the tiles of proven brands that have a quality certificate will not allow this. In addition, in the inserts, manufacturers specify the composition of the products so that they can determine the choice in accordance with the weather conditions of a particular region. The matter is small - you need to read the instructions;
• loses granulate quickly. Of course, when buying products from an unknown manufacturer, one can fear that the roof will also become bald with the outflow of snow. But again, pay attention to the quality standard, according to which the shedding rate should not exceed 2.5-3 g / m² and test the material - run your hand over the rough surface in one place several times. If the crumb crumbles every time, it means that you are being offered an unusable product;
• highly flammable. The bitumen coating will not ignite from a spark - it will be protected by stone chips. When you try to set fire to the roof itself, it will catch fire, but locally and will soon go out, since the modified bitumen melts and does not support combustion. But if a fire breaks out inside the house and the roof structure begins to collapse, then what is the difference - bituminous coating, ceramics or slate;
• can drain into hot dishes. By itself, shingles will not drain even from very steep slopes. It will soften, but you can damage the canvas only by making an effort, for example, walking on it in rough shoes. But hardly anyone will have such a desire.

Bituminous shingles are a good choice for those who wish to make the roof of their home unique and irresistible. Moreover, there are all the prerequisites for this - a variety of cuts, a rich color range, the ability to use on roofs of any design. Choose reliable brands, focus not only on the shape and pattern, but also on the composition of the material. And you will succeed.

Bituminous shingles, or as it is also called flexible shingles, can be used even on the steepest roofs, even on vertical ones, besides, its cost is quite affordable for many, which gives it additional advantages when.

Once installed, the shingles create a continuous airtight carpet on the roof. Many colors and shapes of bituminous tiles allow you to choose the desired option, but in general, the final texture of the roof from a distance will resemble snake scales or a spotted camouflage robe :)

Soft tiles are a beautiful and rather elastic material; moreover, they are not afraid of frost, heat, or other atmospheric influences. It does not absorb moisture and does not "make noise" during rain, does not rot, corrode and does not accumulate static electricity. However, like all roofing materials, bituminous shingles have their drawbacks.

The main advantages of shingles:

• high rates of sound insulation and tightness;
• small roughness of the surface, prevents an avalanche-like snow from the roof;
• light weight and flexibility;
• the ability to install on roofs of any geometric complexity and slopes, up to vertical;
• high impact resistance;
• lack of sail;
• minimum waste during installation.

The main disadvantages of shingles:

• increased requirements for the quality of the base (the need to create a solid base from OSB or plywood increases the total cost of the roofing system, creates an additional load on the rafter system);
• rather complicated and time-consuming installation;
• frost resistance - about 50 cycles (significantly inferior to many other roofing materials);
• price (1 m² of roof, about 2 times more expensive than metal roofing).

Composition, shape and color of bituminous shingles

Bituminous shingles consist of several layers and are very similar in structure to modern roll roofing materials, since one of its basic components is bitumen (in general, hence the name).

Fiberglass is coated on all sides with oxidized or modified bitumen, thus obtaining the basis of bitumen shingles. The thickness of the tiles reaches 3 mm. As a rule, special polymer additives are introduced into the composition of the bitumen coating, giving it durability, elasticity, heat resistance and resistance to ultraviolet radiation. A self-adhesive bitumen-polymer mass is applied to the entire base of the tile or part of it, which, when installing the bituminous tile, ensures the connection of the tiles (shingles, shingles) to each other.

The front surface is covered with a layer of mineral or stone chips (granulate). It is both of these materials that make the coating resistant to weathering. In addition, it is stone chips that create color variety, and its rough surface prevents snow from the roof.

Recently, bitumen shingles have become more and more popular, the front side of which is coated with copper, zinc-titanium or aluminum. Such options significantly increase the possibilities of designers, but also significantly increase the cost of the coating.

From the point of view of the geometric shape, bituminous tiles are small sheets (shingles) with a figured bottom edge. On one such sheet, 1 m long and a little more than 30 cm wide, there are three to four tiles.

The standard size of the shingles sheet is 1000 x 337 mm.

Bituminous shingles are produced in the form of fish scales, honeycombs, triangles, ovals, six- and rectangles of various sizes, which, as a rule, are symmetrically placed on the sheet. In addition, there are undulating bituminous shingles, but they are not suitable for finishing cornices and ridge. The color of the shingles can be either monochromatic or combining several different shades of the main color (this is clearly visible in the figure below). Using such a coating, you can achieve a beautiful melange effect on the roof (interconnected combination or interspersed different options one shade).

This color variety is additionally emphasized by the resistance of the bituminous shingles to ultraviolet radiation, due to which they do not change their color over time, that is, they do not have to be repainted or tinted.

Secrets of the successful operation of shingles

Firstly, in order for shingles to serve you for a long time, you need to choose the right manufacturer, since this is exactly the case when the difference in the quality of the material from different manufacturers can be simply colossal.

Second, just as important correct installation, strictly following the recommended technology for laying bitumen shingles from a particular manufacturer and it is highly desirable to use the recommended components.

When installing bituminous tiles, special attention should be paid to the ventilation of the under-roof space - the operating time of the roof largely depends on the durability of the rafters.

Quite often, problems when laying bituminous shingles arise in winter, when special installation technology is not used (it is necessary to carefully warm up each petal of the shingles), in which case it is difficult for the shingles to tightly join together, as a result of which they can be lifted or disrupted by a strong gust of wind.

Properties and scope of bitumen shingles

The area of ​​application of bituminous shingles is very extensive, it is also used for ordinary single-pitched roofs, and multi-pitched ones, and absolutely any, even a very complex configuration with an angle of inclination of more than 15 °, and sometimes even as a covering of vertical walls.

Even at the stage of choosing a certain brand of bituminous shingles, clarify its frost resistance and fire resistance. As a rule, not ordinary, but modified bitumen is used for its production. There are only two most common modifiers:

• APP (atactic polypropylene)
• SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene).

APP-modified bitumen is resistant to high temperatures, but at the same time its elasticity index is lower.

SBS-modified bitumen, one might say, is the complete opposite of the previous one. The degree of elasticity at low temperatures is higher, which prevents cracking of the material in winter period, but its melting resistance is lower.

Therefore, the conclusion is obvious - bitumen shingles based on APP-modified bitumen are desirable to use in areas with warm climates, and bitumen shingles based on SBS - with cold ones.

According to fire classification, various brands of bituminous shingles can belong to both the high flammability group and the moderate one. But, since the roofing made of shingles with a continuous adhesive layer allows for a long time to block the access of oxygen to the combustion source, it is customary for specialists to classify shingles as flame retardant materials... But still, we must not forget that the shingles burn.

To make it easier for the buyer to navigate the assortment, sellers of bituminous tiles have identified four price categories:

• Economy class
• middle class
• elite class
• premium class.

As an example, it can be said unequivocally that bitumen shingles with a coating of stone chips will be more expensive than bituminous shingles with a mineral coating, the cost of multicolor shingles will be higher than the price of a single color, and imported bitumen shingles are more expensive than domestic ones. Finnish copper-coated bituminous shingles are considered one of the most expensive.

Shingle shingles kit

The set of roofing from bitumen shingles includes: ridge-eaves shingles and valleys, lining carpet, metal components (eaves strips, droppers), end strips, abutments, fasteners (glue, nails) and ventilation elements.

Konkovo ​​- cornice tiles serves as a starting strip for the installation of roofing or is divided into three parts and is used as a ridge tile.

Valley (lining) carpet seals inner corners roofs, as well as joints with walls and a chimney. The basis of this material is polyester. The underlay is sold in 1 x 10 m rolls and is 4 mm thick. With slight slopes, it is used throughout the roof.

Eaves plank laid on a lining carpet along the entire length of the eaves.

Droppers protect cornices from moisture, prevent them from swelling and delamination. The roofing carpet has no overhang beyond the eaves. Therefore, if there is no drip, water flowing down the surface of the roofing material falls on the wooden frontal board of the cornice.

End plate protects the material at the ends of the building from wind loads, prevents the wind from picking up and tearing the tiles.

Metallic abutment are used for additional mechanical fastening of valley carpet at the joints with walls and chimney.

Ventilation elements made of frost-resistant plastic and designed for ventilation hoods on the slope and ridge.

Glue — bitumen-polymer mastic in buckets of 3 and 10 liters, as well as in multifunctional cartridges weighing 310 g.

Roofing nails - special stainless steel nails with a wide head.

Features of installing bituminous tiles

The main feature of preparing for the installation of bituminous tiles is the need to create a continuous sheathing. But at the same time, the construction of the roofing "pie" is the same as that of other types of roofing. It consists of wooden rafters, between which insulation is laid, from the side of the room it is closed vapor barrier film... On top of the rafters from a wooden bar, a counter-lattice with a thickness of 30 - 40 mm is stuffed. This allows you to ventilate the under-roof space. A continuous crate is laid on the counter-lattice, to which the tiles are subsequently attached. The lathing is made of moisture-resistant plywood, OSB boards or edged grooved boards with a thickness of 15-20 mm. Plywood sheets or OSB boards should be laid with an interval of joints. The base for the roofing made of bituminous shingles must be strong, smooth and dry.

Before laying the covering, a lining carpet is laid on a continuous crate and, in parallel, bitumen shingles are lifted onto the roof in small batches. Lay it from bottom to top and from right to left. For this with seamy side the shingle is removed from the protective strip, under which the adhesive layer is located, and heated with a construction hairdryer. The tiles are fastened to the continuous crate not only with glue, but also with nails, overlapping tiles. Subsequently, the upper shingles, under the influence of solar heat, are fused with the lower ones, forming a continuous waterproof coating. Having reached the ridge line, the upper part of the shingle is bent over it, laid on the lining carpet and fixed on the opposite slope.

Then, rectangular ridge elements are attached with an overlap. It is advisable to install a bituminous roof at an outside temperature of at least +5 ° C. To cover the valleys, a lining carpet is used that seals the inner corners of the roof, as well as a metal abutment for fastening it. The same device is used for laying tiles at the joints with walls and near the chimney. For the installation of such a roof, no special tools are needed. In addition, bituminous shingles are a fairly economical material - their waste is only 3-4%.

In the event that you decide to control your workers, then follow the following installation steps:

• side faces must be well glued;
• when constructing the lathing it is necessary to use only dried boards, as over time the tree will begin to dry out and undergo "twisting", and the roof may suffer from this;
• roofing felt on a cardboard base cannot be used as bedding materials , even if this significantly reduces the cost of the roof (the cardboard will swell during operation, and the roof will be covered with bubbles).

I present to you a modern functional roofing material: bituminous shingles (flexible). It looks like ceramic tiles or wooden shingles, but cheaper than both of them.

In comparison with natural tiles - much less weight, in comparison with wooden roofs - excellent waterproofing and water-repellent properties.

Bitumen deposited roofing - what is it?

Bituminous shingles are a piece typesetting material for roofing made on the basis of bitumen.

Structure:

• The basis is fiberglass: provides the product's tensile strength;
• Impregnation - modified bitumen: plasticity and waterproofing properties;
• The lower self-adhesive layer is a bitumen-polymer substrate, frost-resistant;
• The top layer is a sprinkling of mineral granules: aesthetics and protection against mechanical damage;
• On the adhesive surface there is a protective film, which is removed before laying.

Features and benefits of bituminous shingles

• Low weight of bituminous shingles: low load on the rafter system and other supporting structures.
• Ease of installation. In warm weather, the tiles soften and stick together to form an airtight finish.
• Water resistance.
• Strength.
• Plastic.
• Aesthetics.
• Shingles do not conduct sound, heat, electricity.
• Price: soft roof is not the cheapest, but it belongs to the budget.

Disadvantages of shingles

The plasticity of the tile, its property to soften under the sun is not only a plus, but also a minus: you cannot walk on such a roof in the heat, there is a high risk of damaging the coating.

Second: flexible shingles are absolutely airtight material, airtight. To prevent condensation from destroying the rafter system, the insulation layer and the coating itself, high-quality roof ventilation is required.

The rest of the advantages, in comparison with other materials, are that the rolled bitumen roof is installed faster and costs less on average. But she also has a shorter service life.

note

But bituminous shingles are not entirely correct to compare with roll coatings. They are designed primarily for flat roofs with a maximum angle of 12 degrees. A soft tiles cover pitched roofs, starting from the same 12 °. Therefore, we will choose between shingles and rigid roofs.

Which is better, shingles or metal?

1. has poor sound insulation performance. Metal is a conductor of sound. This problem is partly solved due to the polymer coating slightly neutralizes the sound. But all the same, the metal roof rattles in the rain. The roof of the bituminous tile is silent.
2. Thermal insulation. The difference is less noticeable here. Warm roofs in both cases require the placement of insulation. But the advantage is still in flexible shingles: bituminous fiberglass does not conduct heat, metal conducts.
3. Metal roofing requires a lightning conductor. Soft does not conduct electricity.
4. Only flat slopes can be covered with metal tiles. Soft - any, including domes, bulbs, curved roofs.
5. Both materials have a wide range of colors. But from flexible shingles, you can lay out mosaic roofs, mixing tiles from different packs.
6. Both coatings (if they are of high quality) have high resistance to UV rays and burnout. Metal roof heats up under the sun, but without risk to the structure. You should not walk on a soft roof in the heat, you can damage the coating. Roof ladders are required.
7. Almost all manufacturers of metal tiles declare a service life of up to half a century. For shingles, everything depends on the model: for some modifications the manufacturer's warranty is 10 years, for others 50. Within the same brand.

note

The price of flexible bituminous shingles is slightly higher than metal ones. But during the installation of metal, up to 40% of the waste remains. When laying flexible, with competent calculation - within 5%.

Which shingles are best?

• Bituminous shingles (United States). 41 series, more than 150 colors. Warranty from 20 years (ST-20 series), up to 50 (Presidential Shake). The cost in the Russian Federation is from 600 to 2000 rubles per square meter.

• Bituminous tile Iko (Canada). Series: Superglass Biber, Armourglass, Victorian, Diamant, Cambridge Xtreme (laminated). Warranty from 15 to 30 years, price from 500 rubles.

• KERABIT (Finland). Series: KERABIT K, L, S. Basic colors: gray, red, brown, green. The price of Kerabit bituminous tiles is from 500 rubles.

• Bituminous tile Katepal (Finland). Budget series - Super Katrilly: 15-year warranty, price from 400 rubles. Other famous series: KL, Rocky, Foxy, Ambient, Jazzy. Warranty 25, actual service life 50. Price per m2 - 500-600 rubles.

Russian-made bituminous shingles on the market are represented by Tegola and Technonikol products:

• Bituminous tile TechnoNIKOL. Series Classic, Ultra, Jazz, Country. Guarantee from 10 to 50 years. The cost is 200-500 rubles per square meter.

• Bituminous tile of Tegola. Series: Alpin, Nordic, Alaska, Antik. Classic. Price from 300 rubles (Classic) to 500 (Alpin).

Calculation of roofing from bituminous tiles

Calculation of shingles for the roof begins with calculating the area of ​​the roof and.

1. Ordinary tile. The useful (covered) area is indicated on the pack of material. Usually it is 3 square meters. Those. the roof area (S) must be divided by 3 to get required amount packs.
2. Ridge-cornice. The packaging is enough for 20 meters of cornice or 12 skates with overlapping. We divide the total length of the cornices by 20, the ridge by 12. We add, we get the number of packages.
3. Valley carpet (used for valleys and abutments). Length 10 meters. Divide the total length of all junctions and valleys by 10.
4. Lining carpet. On roofs less than thirty degrees, it is made solid. To determine the footage, you need to multiply the roof area S by a correction factor of 1.2.
5. On steep roofs, the carpet is laid only in knots. It is necessary to calculate the total length of the nodes.

Our company is engaged in the installation of roof structures different types... I will certainly answer all questions about working with shingles. We are also ready to build the roof of the house and cover it with the material of your choice. Check out our work with approximate prices.

The popularity of shingles is firmly based on the traditional "three pillars" of low-rise construction. This is an attractive price, durability of the used coating and extremely simple technology styling.

An important advantage is the ability to cope with the roof of the roof with my own hands... Only for an impeccable result of work, you need to know how bituminous tiles should be placed on the structure to be equipped, which should be taken into account in the installation to form an ideal coating.

Flexible shingles are one of the types of soft roofs made on the principle of roll materials. In terms of technical and technological essence, it is a modified roofing material, improved in terms of strength, aesthetics, and wear resistance.

For the convenience of styling and the formation of a spectacular look, it is cut into elements with a curly outer edge. They call them shingles, shingles or tiles, they are laid by analogy with wooden roofs according to the principle of "fish scales".

In the manufacture of flexible tiles, the same technologies are used as in the production of rolled bitumen-polymer roofing options. Several important layers take part in its structure, these are:

• Fiberglass. Serves as the basis for the specified roofing. It is fiberglass that provides high strength, resistance to chemical, atmospheric, mechanical, biological aggression.
• Bituminous-polymer shell. It is fused from above and below onto the fiberglass, directly forming the structure of the material and flawless waterproofing protection. Oxidized and supplemented with polymer components, bitumen has practically zero moisture absorption.
• External mineral dressing. Processing with granulate from the front side of the roof creates the impression of an expensive natural stone or copper coating. The second role is to protect the outer surface of the material from external negativity that happens during operation.

The back side of the shingle tiles is sprinkled with sand or covered with a polymer film so that during transportation and storage they do not deteriorate, sintering with each other. Before installation, the film or sand is removed in order to adhere to the base prepared for the roofing device.

Manufacturing different brands shingles are now being dealt with by many companies, including both foreign and domestic representatives. Each of the manufacturers strives to make their own contribution to the process, to create a product with unique properties and technological advantages.

In some, the back side is completely covered with a self-adhesive bituminous compound that adheres the tiles to the base and to each other, in others this substance is applied only in stripes. There are differences, but they are insignificant.

As a result of laying, the technology of which is not much different for all manufacturers, all types of material, under the attack of UV rays, are sintered together into a continuous carpet and are reliably glued to the base.

Pros of using bituminous shingles

A piece flexible roof is produced in the most extensive color, textured, decorative variety. In the abundant assortment, it is difficult not to find the material necessary for the design.

In addition to the above priorities, justified by the peculiarities of manufacturing, the pluses and minuses of bituminous tiles cut into tiles include:

• Unlimited technological possibilities. Using this type of material, you can equip a roof of any architectural complexity, regardless of the chosen configuration and the size of the slopes. The shingles are easily mounted on onion domes, multi-faceted hipped roof structures.
• Compatibility. The result of the installation is in perfect harmony with the exteriors of low-rise and multi-storey buildings, made in any of the currently demanded architectural styles. Suitable for classics, and for antique styling, and for newfangled design trends.
• Simple installation. Having familiarized yourself with the rules for laying, the arrangement of the roof with the use of bituminous tiles can be carried out independently. When contacting builders, it is not necessary to hire a large team; a couple of people can easily cope with the work.

It should be noted the remarkable insulating qualities. After sintering under the sun's rays, bituminous tiles form a waterproof carpet that prevents all attempts of atmospheric water in any form to penetrate into the thickness of the roofing system. Flexible roof perfectly dampens external noise interference, without letting external sounds into the equipped housing.

Maintainability is rightfully considered a valuable advantage. If one or more adjacent shingles are damaged, it is not necessary to completely remove the roof and install a new one; it is enough to replace the damaged part of the roof.

It is advisable to change the damaged area to a material with a similar color and quality, for which it is recommended to stock up on a pack of material from the same series from which the entire roof is composed. However, the appearance of a piece roofing allows some color variations, so it is permissible to use a slightly different color.

Disadvantages of bituminous piece coating

No matter how hard the developers and manufacturers of roofing coverings try, there is still no ideal option for roofing a roof. Flexible bituminous shingles similarly have a number of disadvantages, including:

• Slope restrictions. The smallest angle of inclination of the slopes for possible laying is considered to be 12º. For shallow structures, a piece roof is not suitable, because before sintering, the tiles have many holes that can let water through. They can cause seepage and prevent the tiles from sticking together.
• Labor intensity of installation. Despite the simplicity of the technology, laying will still require much more time than when arranging the roof with large-sheet material, for example, profiled roofing sheet or metal tiles.
• Incompatibility with conventional roofing material. As a waterproofing underlay, it is unacceptable to use a traditional roofing material that is capable of "pulling" bituminous components from the roofing, which ultimately leads to destruction, and in some places to swelling of the roof.

In addition, the working life of a conventional roofing material is significantly less than its improved counterpart, from which shingles are made. It is unreasonable to arrange a base for laying the coating, which will serve less.

Step-by-step laying technology

The stages of work on the construction of a roofing system with a flexible tile covering are carried out in a standard sequence for all types of roofing. First, the base is prepared, then the markings are carried out, the material selected for the arrangement is put, the additional elements are installed.

The same actions are performed when installing bituminous tiles, but there are some technological subtleties that we will now analyze.

Stage # 1: Foundation preparation process

Flexible tiles are placed on a solid crate made of edged or grooved boards, moisture-resistant plywood marked FSF or OSB-3 boards. The material for the base device must be consistent in thickness, which is especially important if a board is used.

In the device of the lathing, it is necessary to observe the technological clearances required to ensure the linear expansion of the material in the event of moistening. 3-5 mm gaps are left between the boards and slabs. The board is laid along the eaves, starting from the lower edge of the roof.

The slabs are mounted so that the result resembles brickwork, i.e. there should be no cruciform connections. It is permissible not to leave gaps or to reduce their dimensions if the sheathing device is carried out in summer period... The thickness of the base for a flexible coating is selected depending on the pitch of the rafters.

A waterproofing carpet is laid along the crate, for the device of which you need to take the material recommended by the manufacturer of the type of bituminous tile selected for laying. It has already been noted that traditional roofing material is not suitable for these purposes. In addition, if you use it, your roof warranty will expire.

To design and strengthen the perimeter of the roof, metal protection is installed in front of the waterproofing device, these are:

• Cornice strips. They are installed in front of the waterproofing carpet device. They are fixed to the crate, staggered every 10-15 cm. The fasteners are galvanized with wide caps.
• End strips. Installed above the lining waterproofing along the edge of the gable overhangs. They are fixed in the same way.

The standard length of the planks, as a rule, is not enough for installation along the entire length. They are lengthened by the banal imposition of the next similar element with an overlap of the previous 3-5 cm. Fasteners in this area are placed every 2 cm.

Stage # 2: performing waterproofing works

Usually, manufacturers produce all the components for the roofing themselves, including waterproofing lining carpets. They are made from a mixture of bitumen with a polymer, but they are made thinner than the coating itself, and granulate is not used for sprinkling.

The specificity of the waterproofing lining device depends on the steepness of the structure, if:

• The slope is within 12-18º. They arrange a continuous waterproofing protection with preliminary fastening of duplicate waterproofing in areas in which the probability of leakage is greatest, which includes all convex and concave corners of the structure, cornices, penetrations, pediment overhangs.
• Slope over 18º. Waterproofing protection is placed only on areas of possible leaks - those very curved and convex corners, i.e. in valleys, along hip and ridge ribs, along eaves, along pediment overhangs and around the passage of communication pipes through the roof.

In the first case, a continuous waterproofing carpet is laid in horizontal stripes, starting from the eaves line. Before laying it, reinforce the waterproofing of problem areas with a self-adhesive water-repellent material.

The waterproofing itself is laid horizontally, with longitudinal panels, so that each overlying canvas overlaps the previous one by 10 cm. As a result of this arrangement, moisture entering the roofing system is completely excluded. In the longitudinal direction, the overlaps are 15 cm.

In the second case, the insulation is glued fragmentarily. Self-adhesive roll material is laid along the eaves and the valley line; in convex corners and along the gable overhangs, it is permissible to use protection with lower waterproofing properties, to glue a water-repellent lining on bitumen mastic.

At the intersection of sewer, ventilation, chimney pipes and other communications, a 1 × 1 meter lining carpet is glued.

Stage # 3: marking the roof before installation

Marking is necessary to speed up the installation process, facilitate and systematize the work of the roofer. At this stage, it is most convenient to think over and adjust the roof, because most often, there are some deviations in the geometry of the equipped slopes both vertically and horizontally.

The markings are made with a coated construction cord. The lines drawn with its help are not a strict guideline for roofers, they only outline the general direction and do not allow them to stray from it when performing laying work.

Lines are "drawn" along and across the ridge ribs. The pitch of the longitudinal marking is equal to the width of the bituminous shingle. Horizontal guides beat off 5 standard rows, this is approximately 80 cm.

During the marking, you should decide from what point the fastening of flexible tiles will begin. It all depends on the length of the slope, on the shape and size of the curly teeth of the outer edge of the bituminous tiles.

On slopes of impressive length, the shingles are laid from the center. It is easier to align the row if there is a possibility of horizontal displacement of the piece roof. For the correct laying of bituminous shingles tiles on short slopes, it is necessary to calculate in advance how many uncut elements will lie on the surface in order to reduce the cutting.

Stage # 4: installing shingles

Let's consider the procedure for installing bituminous tiles using the example of working with Shinglas material - products supplied to the market by TechnoNikol. The assortment offered by her includes materials of various tonality with symmetrical and asymmetrical external teeth.

Depending on the series of coverings, the roof tiles in the upper part are either glued to the mastic or attached with the adhesive back. In the second version, you do not need to use mastic for fastening ordinary tiles, it is enough to disconnect the protective polymer film and attach the shingle to the required place.

Each tile must be nailed. Ordinary tiles are fixed to the prepared base with roofing nails with wide caps that ensure reliable fastening of flexible material. The number of fixation points depends on the slope of the structure.

Nails are driven in clearly perpendicular to the base, deviations are unacceptable. They are placed at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge. The teeth of the stacked row on top cover and mask the attachment points of the underlying tiles, so that they are hidden from view and protected from rusting.

Before proceeding to fixing the flexible tiles, a starting strip is laid. It is used ready-made, specially produced for finishing cornices with skates, or they are made independently by cutting off the curly projections-petals from ordinary bituminous tiles.

The flexible shingle is laid with an offset in each subsequent row so that the overlying petal is just above the joints of the two underlying ones. It is obligatory to shift, but there are no clear requirements for the selection of the pattern, the main thing is to close the fixation points.

Regardless of the features of the series, it is customary to lubricate the end tiles with bitumen mastic at a minimum of 10 cm. This is necessary to protect the roof from heavy rains.

Flexible tiles cover the entire surface of the slopes, not reaching the edge of the hip ribs and ridge ridge by 0.5 cm.

Stage # 5: device of valleys, junctions, ridge

Like any other type of coating, bituminous tiles require decorative and protective design. It will give an aesthetic completeness to the roof, as well as protect its edges from the penetration of atmospheric phenomena dangerous for the roof.

Endows are settled in an open and closed way. According to the first, the tiles are simply laid on top of the waterproofing carpet laid in the gutter as usual. However, the edge of the tiles falling into the valley is not fixed or nailed, not reaching the axis of the valley by about 30 cm.

After laying flexible tiles completely on adjacent slopes with a coated cord, two parallel lines are beaten, in accordance with which the excess of the coating is trimmed. The distance between the lines is from 5 to 15 cm, depending on the slope of the slopes. Narrow grooves are arranged on steep roofs, wide ones on shallow structures.

According to the second method, the tiles are first placed on a gentle slope, while they go onto an adjacent steep surface by about 30 cm. Top corner each tile to be laid is additionally fastened with nails.

After arranging the entire slope, beat off the line of the upcoming undercut with a coated lace. It is carried out at a distance of 7 cm from the axis of the groove. Flexible shingles are placed on a steep slope in accordance with this line, cutting them during the fastening process. To improve the fastening of cut tiles in places that do not have an adhesive back, they are coated with mastic.

Adjacencies are equipped using wooden slats, loose along the length along the diagonal. The size of its wall is 5 cm. The triangular rail is nailed along the line where the roof meets the walls, with the ventilation shaft, with a brick pipe, etc.

Before arrangement, brick surfaces are plastered and primed. After laying the slats, the waterproofing carpet is glued so that one edge of it overlaps the vertical surface by at least 10 cm. The other edge is glued to the horizontal surface.

Metal strips are placed on top of the roof at the junctions, the upper shelf of which is deepened into the brick wall by about 1.5 cm. For this, a strobe is selected, and after inserting the strips into it, the entire space in this "groove" is filled with a sealing agent.

For arranging the exit points of the antenna and ventilation pipes, specialized elements are produced that seal the passage. Their use greatly simplifies the work of the roofer and speeds up the procedure.

Arrangement of hip and ridge ridges is carried out using ridge-cornice elements, divided into three tiles along the perforation line. You can use regular shingles by cutting off the petals and then also cutting them into three pieces.

Before attaching the backbone trim, the outline is traditionally beaten off with a coated lace. Tiles bent in half are laid on the side opposite to the prevailing winds in a particular area. Each previous one is superimposed on the next one. The overlap must be at least 5 cm.

As a result of fixing the backbone tiles, their open part should be turned in the direction of the wind. So that the gusts do not "shag" the flexible tiles and, as it were, flowed in its direction.

On hip roofs first, they equip convex corners, the tops of which are closed with a ridge assembled from a shingle. On roofs arranged in this way, ventilation is provided by installing aerators.

If ventilation is planned through the ridge rib, then it is closed with a ridge aerator. Instead, two boards connected by an angle can be used, on top of which spinal tiles are attached.

A visual guide to roofing with flexible bitumen shingles will help you to thoroughly understand the technology:

The bituminous coating deserves close attention of the owners of suburban property. It looks great, serves for a long time, reliably protects the roofing structure. The information we offer will help in the independent carrying out of roofing work and in monitoring the team of hired builders.