In a private house, there is necessarily a basement where different items and agricultural products are stored. In order to make the floor in the basement of the private house, it is necessary to gradually perform the following works:

• preparation of the foundation;
• pouring concrete;
• tie concrete;
• installation of supports;
• installing floor.

At this stage, it is necessary to clean the base for the floor from the existing vegetation there, for example, herbs. Faster it can be done by removing a small soil layer with a thickness of about 20 cm. Some experts are advised to remove the soil layer about 50 cm and fall asleep on the bottom of the basement of coarse sand. And in one, and in another case, the bottom of the basement should be tamped so that its surface becomes dense. When this work is completed, you can proceed to the preparation of the basis for concreting.

First you need to make on the walls of the mark at a certain level from the floor. Then the thread or cord is stretched between them. On the bottom of the basement you need to pour gravel or rubbing with a layer, the thickness of which reaches 10 cm. In order for the subflink to be uniformly, in addition to the walls on the walls, drive on the floor every 100 cm. Wooden pegs. They must rise above the surface level of the floor by about 10 cm. Sealing the crossbond layer can be adjusted in the form of a metal plate that has wooden handle. Such a device can be purchased in the store or make it yourself.

Now it is necessary to pour the coarse sand with a layer of 50 cm to the rubble, which also follows the dummy using a wooden shell. Plastic film is laid on the sand. Its thickness should be no less than 0.25 mm, and the area is slightly over the floor area.

Next Stage - Preparation concrete mix. To do this, mix cement, crushed stone and sand in a 1: 3 ratio. You can also take advantage of the finished mixture of M300 brand concrete. To calculate the number of concrete, you need to multiply the size of the floor area on the thickness of the mixture layer. For floor in the basement, a layer of concrete is required with a thickness of 10 cm.

Before you start the fill, you should split the floor space on the strip, the width of which is about 100 cm. To do this, use wooden rails. The upper part of the rails should be installed at the level, which is indicated by the previous rope stretched. For laying concrete solution You will need a shovel and a rack of about 150 cm long and a cross section of 10x6 cm. Lay out the solution in stages, focusing on the installed rails.

After the concrete is flooded, remove the rails and fill out with a solution formed by emptiness. Stick concrete polyethylene filmTo put a few boards. While the solution gains strength, periodically water it with water and cover with the film again. If you do not want to wait, you can buy cement mix with accelerated drying.

Even before the start of work, it should be removed all the garbage from the floor surface. To prepare a solution for a screed, you will need:

• m300 brand cement;
• sand;
• lime dough.

All ingredients must be mixed in the following proportions 1: 3: 0.1. The finished mixture is poured with water to the consistency of thick sour cream. If you value your time, then use the finished mixture.

In addition to the concrete mix, you will need to prepare another solution consisting of:

• cement;
• water;
• binder.

The last ingredient is purchased at any construction store. This solution should also resemble a thick sour cream. It should be applied to the surface of the floor with a brush. Exercise the floor per squares 100x100 cm and apply the solution to each square separately with a thin layer. The distance of 75 cm to the wall must be filled with a screed.

Next, another band of the screed parallel to the one that the wall and at a distance from it is 100 cm. Each strip is marked by the beacons in the form of a cross section of 7.5x3.7 mm and 100 cm long. To the rails lay strictly horizontally, take advantage construction level and ruler. When you put the screed, make sure that it exceeds the boundaries of the pendulum.

Installation of supports

To install the floor, you must first install the supports on which the lags are then put. Supports are made of bricks laid in the form of axes at a distance of 100 cm from each other. The size of the supports is 25x25 cm. The height of the support should correspond to the level of the future floor. Waterproofing and anti-grab coating are stacked on top of the support. Ruberoid can be used as an insulating material. On top of the waterproofing must be put heat insulation materialwhich is placed between pre-joined wooden bars At a distance of 50 cm from each other.

Installation of wooden floor

The first wooden floor board should be nailed perpendicular to beams. It must be installed the crest to the wall, leaving the gap of 1 cm. At the same time, the board covers the entire room. The remaining floor boards are attached with nails, the length of which is equal to the thickness of two boards. Nails are driven into the boards at an angle of 45 degrees.

Program 1C 3 Update of the Accounting program 8 EDITION 3 ITCONS76.RU. . Features of the installation of granite or marble staircase

For many, the basement is associated with the cellar. And this is to some extent true. Ate the basement insulation, to provide ventilation, make a high-quality floor - then the extra room for storing agricultural products is ready. Obviously, if constant dampness in the basement is pernicably affecting both the foundation and the walls of the house. So this very lower floor should be given due attention.

In order to decide what floor in the basement should be known that there are only two ways for this:

• on the soil: global or concrete floors
• that sex that is lagged on lags

The level of groundwater should be determined in the selection between these two options. If they are close to the surface, it is preferable to a concrete floor.

The beginning of work is cleaning the garbage, alignment and the end of the earth's surface. If you wish to make glot floors, they will undoubtedly be warmer. If your choice fell on concrete base, then such a floor will be colder than global, but much stronger than it. The basement foundation should be on a frost-resistant depth.

Paul basement floor on the soil

We arrange global flooring

For the floor base device, lay a layer of rubble mixed with clay. The layer thickness must be at least 10-12 cm. Crushed stone with clay should be good to rav. After the first layer of rubble dry, fill the second same, but less thickness: 6-8 cm. After drying and this layer, you need to close the resulting cracks. For example, lime-clay mortar.

We arrange a concrete floor

For concrete sex, it is first necessary to prepare the basis. It is suitable, the so-called, the underlying layer. It is performed from rubble or gravel. Next, the base is aligned and compacted. In order for the floor to be filled extremely smoothly, we are determined with the floor height and mark on the wall using the marker. Next, we work with a hydroelectory: according to the label on the same wall, we find the desired height on the opposite and mark the marker. Depending on how large the basement area, we set one or more marks in the form of a metal rod at a distance of 1-1.5 m. From each other, on which we also note the desired height found using a hydraulic level. Pruts should simply drive into the base of the floor.

Cement mortar 1: 5 pour the floor. Focusing on the labels, the rule align the layer of concrete. In the course of work, the rod with tags must be pulled out and reinforce with them. After 3-4 days as the solution solidification, the final fill with a more liquid solution should be performed, which will eliminate all flaws. During the formation of the second concrete layer, it must be periodically moistened to increase the strength characteristics.

Poland waterproofing

In the case of a high level of groundwater, we arrange additional hydroxulation. To do this cover the floor bituminous mastic and fill the rubberoid layer. (You can two layers by luring them with each other by the same mastic). After that, when the surface hardens, one more layer of concrete solution should be pouring. After and this layer will find the strength, pour the aligning layer of the concrete screed. Its thickness should not exceed 1 cm.

Paul basement floor lags

If you are solving, from which to make the floor in the basement, stopped at this option, then some nuances should be taken into account. Depending on what kind of soil (dry or wet) and the level of groundwater, we solve the issue of waterproofing. If the expected moisture is high, then the wooden floor should be refused, and make a concrete. If everything is in order, proceed. You will need:

• lags: from well-dried wood with a diameter of 150 mm.
• boards: Topped thick 40-50 mm thick.

Tree to be treated with antiseptic solution. Crop board to length, which is 2-3 cm. In short, the length of the room. The first board should be deposited in 1.5 cm. From the wall, in order to avoid deformation of the floor from the natural movement of the soil with temperature drops.

For lag logs, it should be trimmed by the length of the room. Under the logs (timber) need to store rubberoid sheets. Lags set strictly by level. After it is done, we put the flooring from the board: nails 6-7 cm. Scrolls are obliquely, attract the boards to lags.

Sevective layers of wood on adjacent boards should "look" in different directions. So the floor will turn out to be more even. By wooden flooring You can put a linoleum or other floor coating.

One of the most important tasks in the construction of the basement with their own hands is the floor. If the value of the roof is known - it prevents the moisture and cold penetration from above, then not everyone is thinking that the floor performs the same function, only below.

Properly performed gender allows you to stabilize the internal fluctuation of temperature and humidity and, thereby, creates a steady microclimate that is so necessary for interior decoration. However, the construction of sex cannot be considered separately from other operations, as the production of the basement is a complex work in which all stages are interrelated.

Therefore, if any error was allowed in the construction process or the technology was broken, then the establishment of the floor, no matter how high-quality it would not be given the expected result. In other words, the cold and moisture will still be seeded into the premises.

For example, if the calculation of the basement is incorrectly performed, and it turned out that it is located below groundwater, then one only the arrangement of the floor will not provide the placement of moisture protection. Therefore, only an integrated approach can be made a building reliable, durable and comfortable for accommodation.

Arrangement of the ground floor

Waterproofing Kotlovana

During construction ground floor, in First of all, it is necessary to correctly determine its depth. Moreover, the decisive point here is not the requirements of the project, but the proximity of the location of the groundwater. Ground floor at high level Groundwaters should not shuffle more than a meter.

Tip!
On the bottom of the pit.
At the same time, each of them must be missed by bitumen mastic to ensure tightness.

In addition, the waterproofing of the pit, which is performed as follows:

• When the pit is dug, the surface should be aligned and laying the clay layer with a thickness of about 10 centimeters. Thus, it turns out a clay waterproof. At the same time, clay must be good to ravibly.
• Then the bottom of the pit is covered with layers of rubble and sand, a thickness of 15 cm each. These layer also need to be good.
• Next, the prepared litter needs to be laid waterproofing material. It is best to use a rolled material that you can simply roll out, for example, good option is rubberoid. Ruberoid layers should be connected using gas burner.

Tip!
If the project requires a deep boiler, but the proximity of groundwater does not allow it to do, you can perform the dumping and thereby increase the soil level.
This will suit the ground from the pit.

Drainage

In addition, with the close arrangement of groundwater, the drainage of the basement is performed. To do this, trenches are digging a few meters from the depth of 30-50 cm with a slight bias from the pit.

The work is performed as follows:

• At the bottom of the drainage trenches, it is necessary to put a special material - geotextile, wrapped it on the walls.
• Next, it is geotextiles to fall asleep in a layer of gravel with a thickness of about 5 centimeters.
• Then it is necessary to put drainage pipes with a slope of about 0.5 cm per meter of the pipe.
• Next, the thicker gravel layer is poured - about 30 centimeters.
• At shutdown, the pipe must be put in a well or a collector.

Filling of the floor and the construction of walls

The next step is the fill of the basement, which includes the manufacture of floor slabs and the construction of walls.

The instruction on the pouring looks like this:

• First of all, the formwork is erected for the floor plate, which will serve as the basis for the grounds of the base. The formwork is performed from non-removable shields that can be fixed using self-samples.
• The prerequisite for construction is the reinforcement of the basement, this also applies to the base plates. For reinforcement, the corrugated rods with a diameter of 10 mm should be used. The reinforcement needs to be put on special guides and associate with the help of a wire, in addition, it is necessary to immediately install vertical rods for the walls.
• After preparing formwork and reinforcement, the floor must be pouring the M250 or M300 concrete. The thickness of the plate must be at least 20 cm. If there is a sewage in social floor, It is necessary to think over the pipe holes in advance.
• After the concreting floor, the work must be stopped at about a month.
• Further, the wall formwork is performed in the same way. I must say that the basement is most often done from failure formwork.
• When performing a formwork, it is necessary to immediately lay windows and doors in places indicated by the project. The thickness of the walls of the basement usually ranges in the range of 150-200 mm.
• The next step is the reinforcement of walls in the longitudinal direction. The rods should be associated with the already installed vertically reinforcement. With a height of 2.5-3m, you need to perform at least two lining belts.
• Pouring walls concrete It is advisable to perform immediately, however, it is possible to layers. In this case, it is possible to fill a new layer either before the concrete of the previous layer is grabbed, or 3 days after it is set.

Concrete is gaining hardness for 28 days, after which it is possible to start overlapping.

Waterproofing of the ground floor

Before laying off the ceiling floor, it is necessary to perform external waterproofing. It is performed by the cooler or inlet method.

Good insulating materialwhich can be used is hydroizeole. It copes perfectly with the task, besides its affordable price.

In the photo - outer waterproofing

Work is performed in this order:

• A layer of bituminous mastic is applied to the wall.
• Then the finish with hydroographs is performed.
• After that, the layer of waterproofing is closed by another layer of mastic.

Tip!
From the inside of the room it is better to use penetrating waterproofing, as it does not disturb steam-exchange and increases the strength of concrete.
It is possible to apply it only on the wet concrete, so waterproofing is made during construction.

At the end of work, you should perform backstage of the base. It should be paid attention to the soil to contain major stones that can damage the waterproofing of the walls. Further work The premises are performed after the construction of the house is completed.

Tip!
For the external protection of the base, it is necessary to make a break through the perimeter of the house, which should be 30 cm to perform for the skes of the roof.

Interior floodlight

Waterproofing

We reviewed the technology of manufacturing the basement, including the floor slab, but the work is not yet completed, since it is not a half of the room.

Therefore, it is necessary to perform a number of the following events:

• Work begins with the fact that all joints are missing by bitumen mastic.
• Then the floor and surface of the walls are processed by bitumen mastic. Moreover, for the walls, mastic should be used easier texture.
• Next Walls

The basement requires waterproofing to a greater extent than any other room, since this part of the house is exposed to groundwater. Waterproofing should be complex, ideally it needs to be performed outside and inside the house, that is, work should begin at the stage of preparation for the foundation tab. Floor waterproofing is effective only in combination with waterproofing of the foundation and walls.

The importance of water waterproofing in the basement

The waterproofing of the floor is only one of the complex of measures to protect the basement and the above rooms from excessive humidity. It is necessary for a number of reasons:

• Through floor groundwater penetrate the foundation and then in the walls of the house, causing their destruction from the inside
• The basement is usually used as a storage, wet floor and humid air create unfavourable conditions for storing food and non-food reserves
• If the basement is protected from the penetration of moisture from the outside, the dry air layer is created, which provides additional, and the dampness impairs performance features insulation

Waterproofing under the screed

The fill of the concrete floor in the basement should be preceded by a set of measures aimed at limiting the contact of groundwater with the base of the house. In a pre-aligned soil, a multi-layer bulk "pie" is created, each layer of bulk building materials It is rambling and thoroughly align:

1. 10-40 cm rubble
2. 10 cm of construction sand
3. Rolled waterproofing from rubberoid or dense polyethylene film
4. Reinforced concrete tie
5. The second layer of rolling waterproofing, in addition to the film or rubberoid, can be used glassball
6. Layer of thermal insulation (Minvata, Epps, ceramzit)
7. Pure concrete screed or dry screed from sheet materials

Also on loose, porous soil can be elevated a layer of fatty clay, the rambling it and having occupied on the walls of the foundation. If the bottom layer is made of clay or the soil itself is clay, sufficiently layer of rubble with a thickness of 10 cm, if the crushed stone is poured directly to the absorbent soil, its layer should be thicker.

Rolled waterproofing panels are settled, the seams are sinking with scotch, it is better to use the molten bitumen to glue the runneroid. The edges of the rolled material must be at least 20 cm to enter the walls of the basement.

If on the site where the house is worth, high groundwater level, the system of external waterproofing must be supplemented drainage system. Drainage pipes, wrapped with geotextiles, guess in a trench, which is digging around the entire perimeter of the foundation. On the bottom, the pillow of sand and rubble is pillow, on top of the pipes are covered with a layer of rubble.

After performing the finish layer, the screed can be started to waterproofing the floor from the inside of the room.

Methods of internal waterproofing floor in the basement

Waterproofing floor from the inside can be performed when the house is already built and lifted. She complements well outdoor waterproofingBut can not completely replace it. Depending on the purpose of the hydrober, several waterproofing technologies are used:

• Refractory - executed bitumen or polymer mastic, portland cement-based compositions
• Penetrating (impregnating) - Processing with liquid compositions deep penetration, the type of penetrating waterproofing is injecting
• Rolled, inlet or weld, bitumen or membrane
• Lit., Cold or hot. The most reliable, but rather laborious way, is pre-collected formwork. The mastic solution is poured with a thick layer, you can additionally reinforce the grid.

A combination of several methods of waterproofing is more efficient, for example, on top of the penetration, it is possible to perform coating or litter. Read more about Benefits and Disadvantages in different ways Waterproofing read.

Penetrating waterproofing

This technology provides the most reliable protection from capillary moisture. Compositions for waterproofing with penetrating additives are deemed deep into the pores of concrete and enter into chemical reaction With its components. As a result, crystals impermeable for water are formed, but the vapor permeability of concrete is maintained. Penetrating waterproofing is durable, resistant to mechanical damage, increases the frost resistance of concrete.

Penetrating waterproofing effectively operates only when applying technology. The basis must be prepared, clean and degreased, so that the pores well absorbed the composition. The mixture is applied in several layers. First, the angles and seams are processed, then the entire surface area. Between the application of the layers you need to withstand the interval of about 2 hours.

It is most effective to clean with water separating from the water jet under pressure of about 20 atm. To improve adhesion, the concrete can be scratched with a wire brush, and immediately before applying the prepared mixture it must be moistened. For uniform crystallization, the moistening of concrete must be continued a few days after applying waterproofing.

While doing injection waterproofing Careful surface preparation is not required, the temperature and humidity mode also does not matter. But the technology itself is more complicated because it is necessary to download the high-flow gel or microcember into the structure of concrete special equipment. The holes are drilled by the perforator, through them with a pump with a nozzle-needle, a mixture is injected.

Foolish waterproofing

The cooler waterproofing is most accessible at a price, performed without much labor, in a short time, the compositions can be applied to any surface. Such insulation provides temporary protection for the period of floods or abundant precipitation, complies with the capillary moisture, but does not withstand water pressure. Therefore, for districts with a high level of groundwater, this solution is not suitable.

For foolish waterproofing Use different compositions:

• Bituminous mastics - Malopopular recent material, they are short-lived, quickly peeling, but such compositions can be used between layers of rough and finishing screed
• Bituminous polymer and bitumen rubber Formulations are more reliable and durable
• Cement-polymercompositions have high adhesion to concrete and form a vapor-permeable coating
• The varieties of compositions for coating waterproofing are also liquid rubber I. liquid glass

A layer of coating waterproofing is applied to the surface treated surface. Depending on the consistency of the composition, a spatula (trowel), roller or a wide brush can be used to apply it.

Waterproofing liquid rubber

Waterproofing of liquid rubber resistant to water pressure, temperature drops, not exposed to rotting and burning, has an excellent clutch with the basis and is distinguished by maintainability.

• To reduce the consumption of the material, the surface must be aligned
• The base is processed by primer in 2 stages. Corners and cracks are primarily primarily and additionally closed with a special cloth.
• 3-4 hours after applying the primer, you can apply liquid rubber, there are special machine installations, roller application - a more laborious process, but work is much cheaper

Waterproofing liquid glass

Waterproofing with liquid glass has the features of the coating and penetrating waterproofing. Plus such a solution is that the composition can be applied to a wet surface and indoors with a high level of humidity. Like penetrating composition, liquid glass penetrates the structure of concrete and crystallizes. But it is short-lived, there is a gradual self-destruction of waterproofing, usually after 5 years it loses protective properties.

The difficulty lies in the fact that the composition must be prepared in small portions and to quickly produce - It grabs about half an hour and cannot be reused. Apply it with a roller or brush in several layers, the surface is prepared as under penetrating waterproofing.

Rolled waterproofing

The classical is performed by gluing the runneroid or roofing on the cold or hot bitumen mastic. It is also possible to press the waterproofing material on a bitumen basis with the help of a gas burner or construction fabric, in small areas you can apply soldering lamp. Traditional bituminous rolled waterproofing Briefly, vulnerable to microorganisms becomes fragile at low temperatures.

Recently, more modern rolled materials appeared, durable and incomparable rotting:

• Gymelockeroid, hydroizol - bitumen binder, applied to the framework of fiberglass, glass cholester, asbestos cardboard
• Brizol, Isol - blend of bitumen with rubber crumb and other fillers, as well as plasticizing additives
• Folgoisol- material based on foamed polyethylene, performs the function of waterproofing and thermal insulation

Before laying rolled waterproofing, the base must be cleaned, handle the primer and dry. If the material passes on mastic, it must be applied by a wider band than the roll width. From above, waterproofing is rolled by a massive roller. Rolled materials They are stacked with the allen 10-15 cm and on the walls of 20 cm.

Membrane materials are a type of rolled waterproofing, a 0.2 mm thick membrane is used for the floor. It is placed with the allen 10 cm and weld with a soldering iron. In place of each admission, several welding seams are 1.5 cm wide, the distance between adjacent seams should be 2 cm.

So that the connection of the canvas is reliable, first perform welding seam on little plot And an hour check out its quality. If the seams turned out to be durable, it is possible to fasten the membranes throughout the area.

Video

Waterproofing floor and walls of basement penetrating compositions

Outcome

For effective waterproofing The floor in the basement must be carried out in several stages - under black screed, Between the draft and finishing tie, over the finishing screed. If it uses predominantly rolled waterproofing to protect the screed from the penetration of groundwater, then the basement can be resorted to various technologies.

In areas with a dry climate and a low level of groundwater, there is enough penetrating or coating waterproofing. To protect against water pressure, waterproofing is required, which must be performed in several layers, good protection also provides cast insulation with liquid rubber.

High-quality floor in the cellar or basement is necessary, because it is a reliable base for the shelves, and can also protect the cellar from excessive moisture.

Alternatively, you can make a simple cement-sand tie - it can be the base for the flooring (for example, a board) or used as a complete gender. The cost of such a cover is low, but it is not difficult to arrange it.
Initially, decide which will be the thickness of the screed. There is no powerful coating here (the load on the floor in the basement is usually not particularly large), but also too thin will not fit. So that the cement-sand base does not crack, make it a thickness of at least 4 cm.

How to prepare the basis for a screed in the basement

The device of the screed in the basement is practically the same as in any other room, the only addition is waterproofing. This is especially important if groundwater is high.

Thoroughly align the earthen base. At the same time, we clean it from stones, etc.

Sealing earth floor as much as possible.

We arrange waterproofing using the runneroid for this. You can do it and the polyethylene film is more slow, but still it is desirable to put it in 2 layers. Film - the option is cheaper, but the rubberoid is more reliable, because during the fill of the floor for waterproofing will have to come, and its impulses are possible. But in the very tie 2 layer of film behave no worse Ruberoid.

Build an earthen base waterproofing material So that it goes a little on the walls. In this case, it will be possible to avoid seams between the walls and the floor. We are placing the canvas of waterproofing with the overlap, fasten. If you used runneroid, then make it bitumen mastic, and in cases with the film, you need to use tape.

Over the waterproofing, we arrange the leveling pillow from rubble / gravel and sand.

If significant loads are assumed on the floor of the basement, the screed is to reinforce the metal grid.

Especially reliable option The waterproofing layer for the basement: we put on a compacted earth base the leveling layer of a small rubble and pour it into molten bitumen.

Using the level, we determine the height of the screed and make marks on the walls of the basement.

We establish beacons (guides) that will serve as a guide when pouring a screed. It can be metal profiles Or slats from wood.

Pour the screed in the basement

Becoming chief stage Works - Pouring screed. We will see here. During pouring cement-sand mixture Extfit all the rule, it will be easily in the cases if the guides are delivered exactly.

Thus, we fill the entire floor, and the next day carefully pull out the beacons / guides, and those places where they are located, close in solution.

After a week, two such gears is ready for use. Preferably, this door time to the basement is to keep open.