The invention relates to car building. The end wall of the car contains a skin (2), reinforced with inside ribs, a transverse beam and door posts, attached from the bottom to the car frame, and from above to the transverse beam. The door pillars are made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external. From the bottom to the car frame, and from the top to the transverse beam, two posts are attached, made of a profile with a wall and shelves - inner and outer. The inner shelves of the door post profile are located in the same plane with the inner shelves of the post profile and are connected to them. The height of the wall of the pillar profile exceeds the height of the wall of the profile of the door pillar, on the outer flange of which a flange is fixed, connected by a sheet profile to the wall of the pillar profile. The edge of the cladding on the side of the doorway is connected to the outer profile flange. The invention expands functionality... 4 c.p. f-ly, 8 dwg

The claimed technical solution relates to transport engineering, in particular to the design of the end walls of passenger cars.

The end wall of the body of a passenger car is known (Pastukhov I.F. et al. Carriages: Textbook for technical schools of railway transport. / Under the editorship of V.V. Lukin. - M .: Transport, 1988, p. 248), RF patent No. 51578, B61D 17/18, Appl. 26.09.2005, publ. February 27, 2006. Bul. No. 6), containing a sheathing consisting of corrugated sheets, reinforced on the inside by vertical and horizontal ribs, a transverse beam and door posts welded to the end beam of the frame, and at the top - to the transverse beam.

In this design, it is impossible to install an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.

The closest technical solution(taken as a prototype) is the end wall of the car body model 61-4447 produced by JSC TVZ (see Internet http: /www.tvz and working drawings 4447.01.05.000 СБ), containing a skin consisting of smooth sheets, reinforced with an inner sides with vertical and horizontal ribs, a transverse beam and door posts welded to the end beam of the frame, and at the top to the transverse beam.

V known device no space is provided for the installation of an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.

The task of the proposal is to create a structure end wall for the installation of an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.

For this, the end wall of the passenger car contains a skin, reinforced on the inner side by ribs, a transverse beam, door posts attached from the bottom to the car frame, and from above to the transverse beam, and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - inner and outer. The novelty is that it is equipped with a flange and two posts attached from the bottom to the car frame, and from the top to the cross beam and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - inner and outer, while the inner shelves of the door post profile are located in the same plane with the inner shelves of the profile of the posts and are connected with them, and the height of the wall of the profile of the post exceeds the height of the wall of the profile of the door post, on the outer shelf of which the mentioned flange is fixed, connected by a sheet profile to the wall of the post profile, while the edge of the skin from the side of the doorway is connected to the outer shelf of the latter.

In addition, the flange is made with connecting and seating surfaces for fastening the inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell, the sheet profile is reinforced from the inside by horizontal ribs, the posts can be made of a channel-shaped profile, the door posts can be made of a channel-shaped profile.

The technical result will be expressed as follows.

The presence of two racks attached to the bottom of the car frame, and from above to the transverse beam and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external, the location of the internal shelves of the door profile profile in the same plane with the internal shelves of the profile of the stands and the connection with them, the height the walls of the pillar profile exceeding the height of the door pillar profile wall and the connection of the flange with the sheet profile with the pillar profile wall form a space on the end wall in which an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell can be installed.

The presence of the flange and its fastening to the outer shelf of the door post profile allows the intercar passage with a closed insulating shell to be fixed on the door posts.

The accompanying drawings show:

Figure 1 - end wall of the car, general form;

Figure 2 is a view from the inside of the car on the end wall;

Figure 3 is a section a-a in figure 2;

Figure 4 - section B-B in figure 2;

In Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8 - the remote element B in Fig. 4.

The end wall of a passenger car with a doorway 1 (Fig. 1) contains a skin 2, reinforced from the inside by 3 ribs: vertical 4 and horizontal 5 (Fig. 2), an upper arch 6, a transverse beam 7, door pillars 8, attached from the bottom to frame 9 of the car (figure 3), and from above - to the transverse beam 7, and the flange 10. Sheathing 2 consists of two extreme 11 smooth and welded to them middle 12 sheets. From above, sheets 11 and 12 are welded to the arc 6 of the angle profile. At the bottom, the outer sheathing sheets 11 are connected to the elements of the bottom 13 of the end wall, and their outer edges 14 are connected to the end elements 15 (Fig. 4) of the sheathing of the side walls of the car. Door pillars 8 are made of a profile with a wall 16 (Figs. 5-8) and shelves - inner 17 and outer 18. The end wall is equipped with two pillars 19 (Fig. 2), attached from below to the frame 9 of the car, and from above to the transverse beam 7. Racks 19 are made of a profile with a wall 20 (Figs. 5-8) and shelves - inner 21 and outer 22. Internal shelves 17 (Figs. 5-8) of the profile of the door racks 8 are located in the same plane with the inner shelves 21 of the profile of the racks 19 and are connected to them by connecting elements 23 made of a sheet profile. The height of the wall 20 of the profile of the post 19 exceeds the height of the wall 16 of the profile of the door post 8. The flange 10 is fixed on the outer flange 18 of the profile of the door post 8 and is connected by the sheet profile 24 with the wall 20 of the post profile 19. It is flat with connecting and seating surfaces for fastening the intercar passage with a closed insulating shell. The edge 25 of the skin 2 from the side of the doorway 1 is connected to the outer flange 22 of the pillar profile 19. The sheet profile 24 is reinforced from the inside by horizontal ribs 26. The pillars 19 can be made of a channel-shaped profile (Figs. 5, 7). The door pillars 8 can be made of a channel-shaped profile (Fig. 7, 8).

The assembly of the end wall is carried out as follows.

From vertical 4 and horizontal 5 reinforcing ribs, frames are assembled for sheets 11, 12, respectively, and welded to these sheets from the inside. TO internal surfaces sheet profiles 24 are welded with reinforcing horizontal ribs 26. Flange 10 is welded to the outer shelves 18 (Figs. 5-8) of the profile of door posts 8. by welding along the contact contours, after which the connecting elements 23 are welded. In this case, in the initial position of the conductor, accessible welded and tack welds are made, and final assembly completed after turning the wall together with the conductor by 180 ° around the horizontal axis.

1. The end wall of a passenger car, containing a skin, reinforced on the inside by ribs, a transverse beam, door pillars attached from the bottom to the car frame, and from above to the transverse beam, and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external, characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a flange and two struts attached from the bottom to the car frame, and from above to the transverse beam and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - inner and outer, while the inner shelves of the door post profile are located in the same plane with the inner shelves of the profile of the posts and connected with them, and the height of the wall of the profile of the post exceeds the height of the wall of the profile of the door post, on the outer shelf of which the mentioned flange is fixed, connected by a sheet profile to the wall of the profile of the post, while the edge of the skin from the side of the doorway is connected to the outer shelf of the latter.

2. End wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the flange is made with connecting and seating surfaces for fastening the inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.

3. End wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet profile is reinforced from the inside by horizontal ribs.

4. End wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the posts are made of a channel-shaped profile.

5. End wall according to claim 4, characterized in that the door posts are made of a channel-shaped profile.

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The invention relates to car building

In Russian, the word "butt" has several meanings. So, objects and architectural structures rectangular end face is called a face with smallest area... Also, this name is carried by the face located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in cylindrical objects. The end is called a tile that is made of wood and is intended for paving streets.

Differences between the end and the facade

The word "facade" is of French origin and is translated into Russian as "face". In architecture, this word is usually used to mean outside building located at right angles. There are two main types of facade:

• central;
• bokofoy.

In this case, the end can also be called a side facade. The facade may not be the main side of the building. In some sources you can find the expression "forest facade", that is, the facade facing the forest. The facade is the part of the building that is best seen from the main street of the location of the object.

More often the butt is found in multi-apartment modern houses... At the same time, it bears the name of a "blind end" - it has no doors and window openings... This wall often serves as a protection against the spread of fire during a fire. Blind ends often become real landmarks, thanks to the art objects created on them.

End of the building

The butt is the narrowest side of the building and does not function as the central façade. However, there are such structures in which the entrance is located exactly from the end. Notable examples of this are:

1. Acropolis of Athens.
2. The Bolshoi Theatre.
3. Manege.

In these cases, the side of the building has good finish... For such buildings, it is not appropriate to use the common phrase "end entrance". This expression is more suitable for those cases when in residential apartment buildings on the ground floor, there is a public area such as a hairdresser, a fitness club or a café. To make it easier for people to navigate, the owners of such establishments add the phrase "entrance from the end of the building" to the address information. If architectural structure has a square shape, it will not have ends. This part of the building will be referred to as the side façade.

Not every narrow part of a building can be called an end. In order to determine exactly where the ends of a particular architectural object are located, it is necessary to look at the general view of the building. If the central entrance is located on a narrow part, then this side of the building is not recommended to be called an end. On the sides, there are often emergency or emergency exits.

The end wall is inspected for defects. Cracks in welds cut and brew regardless of the length according to GOST 14771-76.

A fracture of the upper harness or lower harness is welded, overlays are installed, which must cover the defect site at least 30 mm and are scalded with a continuous seam along the entire perimeter.

It is allowed to repair no more than two kinks or cracks along the entire length of the strapping. It is allowed to overlap adjacent fractures with one overlay reinforced with electric rivets of at least 2 with a diameter of 20 ± 1 mm.

It is allowed to repair the fracture of the upper strapping with inserts at least 500 mm long.

Cracks in the upper and lower straps, belts, racks, channels are cut, welded, cleaned to the base metal. The cracks are covered with an overlay and welded around the perimeter with a continuous seam.

Holes in the skin are cut out, sharp edges are processed and repaired by welding with a lining on the inside, which must cover the hole at least 50 mm, welding is performed on both sides with a continuous seam.

The deflection of the upper harness without reinforcement is eliminated by straightening. It is allowed to leave without repair a deflection of no more than 10 mm over the entire length of the upper harness. With the simultaneous bending of the upper and lower wall straps no more than 10 mm per 1 m of length, metal cladding along the racks to the height of the deflection, cut off, straighten the strapping and install a new insert of the metal sheathing, followed by welding it with leg 5.

The lower piping, which has corrosion damage more than 1/3 of the element thickness, is repaired by welding, followed by reinforcement of the places with one-sided linings that overlap the damage sites by 50 mm per side. When repairing the lower trim at the place of installation and welding of the lining.

Figure End wall: 1 - upper strapping; 2 - belt; 3,4,5 - rack; 6 - lower strapping; 7.8 - sheathing sheet; 9 - bracket for the forest rack; 10 - handrail - step; 11 - stairs

Radiation cracks are cut out and a patch is installed on the inside, overlapping the defective spot at least 30 mm and welded around the perimeter with a continuous seam.

Corrosion damage with a depth of more than 30% of the sheet thickness and in an area of ​​more than 30% is repaired by cutting out the defective place and placing an insert with its welding to the belts or to the belts and to the upper or lower strapping. Welding should be done on both sides of the insert.

Complete replacement of the end wall cladding is performed:

• · In the presence of more than two cracks, the total length is more than 1000 mm;
• · In the presence of holes, the total area is more than 0.5 m ";
• · Corrosion damage to a sheet with a thickness of more than 1 mm on an area of ​​more than 30% of the sheet;
• · In the presence of dents with a depth of more than 30 mm on an area of ​​more than 30% of the sheet.

Page 2

The end wall is made of a frame, external metal (4) and internal wooden (5) cladding, framed on the floor with a corner (6), and in the corners - with a corner (8).

The frame consists of two corner posts (2) and two intermediate posts (3), connected by an upper strapping (1). The outer metal (4) sheathing is made of corrugated sheets with a thickness of 3 mm at the bottom and 2.5 mm at the top, and the inner one (5) is made of moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 10 mm. Corner posts (2) are made of a bent corner 80x60x6 mm, intermediate posts (3) are made of U-shaped elements 230x135x6 mm, and the upper strapping (1) is made of a special profile 6 mm thick. The bottom rail of the wall is the end beam (7) of the frame.

The roof of the body is all-welded with four loading hatches (6) with a diameter of 400 mm and two typical furnace cuts (4).

The roof is attached to the side and end walls of the body with rivets with a diameter of 10 mm and can be removed from the body during repairs. Stove sections are provided for the installation of heating stove pipes in case of human traffic. On the roof to the loading hatches (6) and furnace sections (4) you can climb the end ladder and scaffold (5). The roof has metal carcass, sheathed on the outside with corrugated sheets (3) 1.5 mm thick, and two transoms (11), with which the roof is attached to the end walls. The transoms are made of metal sheets 2 mm thick, embossed for stiffness and wood fiber filing. The roof frame is formed by a set of arches (1), longitudinal elements (2) located in the middle part, and two lateral longitudinal straps. The arches (1) are made of bent channels 60x50x3 mm, the middle longitudinal elements (2) are made of a bent corner 32x32x3 mm, and the side straps are made of two corners 56x56x5 mm. Sheets outer cladding welded to arcs, longitudinal members and top harness side walls. The sheets and roofs are overlapped between themselves and for greater rigidity are made with transverse corrugations 22 mm high. From the inside (Fig. 3 a), the roof is lined with moisture-resistant plywood 4 mm thick in two layers, which adheres tightly to the roofing sheets from below, forming a ceiling. The plywood is attached to the sheathing with a corner (9) and brackets (10). Previously, the binder (8) was attached to wooden blocks(7) s air gap, which led to frequent damage to the filing (Fig. 5 b).

The hatch covers (4) of the roof are attached to the sheet (6) with two hinges (5) and, in the closed position, are fixed with special locks (1) that open from the inside of the car. The covers (2) of the furnace grooves installed on the hatch covers (4) are held in the closed position by screws (3).

Table 1. Characteristics of materials

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

I. Signs and inscriptions on wagons

In the center of the carriage, the coat of arms of Russia or the symbols of the Russian Railways

Home road code 061

The five-digit serial number of the car is 25171

The 1st digit can be used to determine the type of carriage

0- soft CB 16 or 18 seats

1- docked 36 seats

2- reserved seat 54 seats

3- interregional with aircraft type seats

4- Postal

5- Luggage

6- Restaurant car

7- Spec. Railway carriage

Side wall lettering

Wagon container, a plate with the number of seats

End wall

Place of registration of the car DOP-2 or LVChD-15

Planned types of repairs:

TO-1 is carried out after each flight

TO-2 is carried out before summer and winter transportation

TO-3 (unified technical revision) is carried out 1 time in half a year or for a mileage of 150,000 km

DR depot repair once every 2 years or 300,000 km mileage

KR overhaul

В / А-1080 automatic coupling height

On the end wall there is a ladder for climbing to the roof. Must be locked and sealed.

II. Wheelset (KP)

KP is essential element of the car, she directs its movement along the rail track, rigidly perceives all the shocks from the unevenness of the track and rigidly affects the track.

KP- consists of 2 solid-rolled wheels mounted on an axle

1-hub 2-rim 3-rolling surface 4-comb 5-disc

The axle consists of a neck, a hub section and a middle section. There are 2 types of axes RU-1 and RU-2

Wheelset malfunctions

The distance between the inner edges of the gearbox is 1440 mm deviations are allowed at speeds over 120 km / h +3 -1 to 120 km / h +3 -3

1. Crawler - this is a flat place on the rolling surface of the wheel, formed as a result of the gearbox jamming and its skidding on the rail without turning. Allowed up to 1 mm deep.

From 1 to 2 mm, it is allowed to bring such a car to the nearest service station where the gearbox can be replaced at a speed of no more than 100 km / h

From 2 to 6 mm no more than 15 km / h

From 6 to 12 mm no more than 10 km / h

Above 12 mm, no more than 10 km / h with the exception of gearbox rotation (twist into the handbrake, put shoes on)

2. Navar - arises in case of short-term skidding, allowed with a height of 0.5 mm, if detected along the route, the actions are the same as with the slider.

3. Rent - natural wear of the rolling surface of the wheel arising from its interaction with the rail head and brake pads. The rental is uniform and uneven. Uniform rolling is allowed at speeds over 120 km / h no more than 5 mm up to 120 km / h no more than 8 mm, gearbox gearbox no more than 4 mm. On trains following to the point of turnover over 5000 km, no more than 6 mm.

Uneven rolling - idle gearbox no more than 2 mm, gearbox no more than 1 mm.

4. Chipping - crumbling metal from the rolling surface of the wheel. Allowed not more than 10 mm deep, no more than 25 mm long delamination going deep into the metal is not allowed. Chips up to 1mm deep, regardless of their length, are not rejected.

Ridge thickness, speed over 120 km / h 28-33 to 120 km / h 25-33.

The outer chipping of the wheel rim is rejected if less than 120 mm remains in the healthy part of the tread surface.

5. Pointed ridge roll - This is the formation of a sharp edge at the top of the ridge. An extremely dangerous defect.