No light source has yet been invented that could replace natural lighting. A lot can depend on it. For example, a lack of vitamin K, which is formed by exposure to sunlight, can lead to the development of serious diseases. In addition, a person's mood is highly dependent on sunlight... If you are constantly in a closed room, then you can pretty much undermine your health. That is why windows are needed so that the rays can enter the house. It is impossible to install them at random, therefore it is important to know the size of the windows in a private house. What are the standards for windows and what should be guided during their installation? This will be discussed in the article.

Primary requirements

Most often, windows are made to order, but an opening must already be provided for them, therefore, even during construction, it is necessary to decide where and which windows will be located. Several points can be applied as a guide:

• the side of the world that the wall faces;
• the purpose of the room;
• room parameters.

The correct layout of the house implies a thoughtful placement of rooms. For example, if the bedroom in the house is not combined with the living room or other room, then it is better for it to choose walls that face the north-west or west side. This is due to the way the sun moves throughout the day. By evening, it turns out just at sunset on this side and you can calmly read or do other things. But in the morning the sun will not wake up, because it is on the opposite side. If we are not talking about a bedroom, but, for example, a living room, then it makes sense to provide several windows of different sizes. In this case, it is desirable that the living room windows face the south side, you can position it in the southwest. Thanks to this, the maximum amount of light will enter the room throughout the day.

Rooms are rarely square, more often they are rectangular, so the two walls are long. In this case, it is better to place the windows along a larger wall. This will provide more light inside the house. If we are talking about a room with the same length of walls, then one window will be enough for a small area. It is better to leave the north side for such premises where the presence of sunlight in large quantities not required. This can be a kitchen or a bathroom. For the latter, the size of the opening can be minimal so that the heat loss is as small as possible.

Advice! To make it easier to decide what size or how many windows should be in one room, you must adhere to the rule of ten. It implies the presence of a square window with a side of one meter for every 10 square meters area.

What are the windows

The design of the windows may differ depending on their purpose. The main ones are:

• without valves or deaf;
• with one sash;
• with two leaves;
• with three doors.

The size of the window may directly depend on the design. Special GOST standards have been developed that regulate window sizes for private houses. Standard height an ordinary window can be from 0.8 to 1.47 meters. The width for such windows varies from 0.4 to 0.87 meters. The size of windows with two sashes is slightly different and can range from 0.57 meters to 1.47 meters in terms of height. The width is slightly larger than that of the previous ones and can start from 0.87 meters and reach 1.47 meters. Three sashes require large dimensions, so their width can be up to 2.07 meters, and the minimum is 1.77 meters. The height of such a structure ranges from 1.17 meters to 1.47 meters.

This is not to say that standards cannot be violated. The numbers are rather given as a sample, but depending on individual project they can vary. It should be understood that increasing the window size should affect which profile will be used. If this metal-plastic structures, it is better to use a profile with more cameras. Failure to follow this advice can lead to structural destruction from strong gusts of wind. The larger the window area, the greater its windage.

What material to choose

During construction modern home the choice of materials is not limited to wood only. The same is the case with windows. When designing windows, you have to think about what they will be made of. The most common options are wooden and metal-plastic structures. There is a lot of controversy over which is better. You should not be guided by someone else's opinion. It is important to independently weigh the pros and cons. If we talk about wood, then no one will argue about the environmental friendliness of this material. Due to its porosity, wood perfectly permeates air, which means that partial gas exchange is provided through it.

If the choice is for metal plastic windows falls only because of the double-glazed windows, then you should know that modern practice allows them to be installed on wooden structures. For better thermal insulation, glass units with a special coating or filled with inert gas are mounted. There is also the advantage of installing modules with multiple cameras. Price for wooden frames much higher than plastic. Hard to find good master that would do everything perfectly. Natural material needs to be renewed by staining from time to time. Mounting wooden structures also requires special skills.

More and more buyers choose to install plastic products. It is cheaper to replace old wooden window frames on modern profile. The time it takes for the supplier to complete the work on the manufacture of plastic products is several times less than it takes to assemble wooden structures. Plastic products are equipped with a well-thought-out sealing system, which guarantees a high tightness. It also reduces heat loss, because there are many times less drafts. For the installation of finished products, you do not have to hire a separate contractor, since the manufacturing company often collaborates with craftsmen who do this work.

Some pros lead to disadvantages as well. For example, high tightness means poor air exchange. This can lead to indoor moisture build-up and the development of mold and mildew. If you do not track this moment, then you can cause irreparable harm to some finishing materials... In order not to face such consequences, it is necessary to take care of the availability in advance. supply ventilation... It can be installed in windows, as a separate supply valve or as a whole system. supply and exhaust ventilation... Special metal strips are installed inside the profile. Their task is to stabilize the shape of the frame. Unscrupulous manufacturers can use metal that will harm the human body. This issue must be discussed in advance.

Advice! To make plastic windows last longer, you can make a special visor that will prevent direct impact sun rays on the profile.

Wood and PVC are used more often than others for the production of windows, but they are not the only materials for these purposes. Besides them, we can mention aluminum. Aluminum frames follow the example of plastic ones, but have higher strength. Aluminum windows stand out for their appearance... But they have a significant drawback - high thermal permeability. Although strips are installed inside the window profile, which eliminate cold bridges, but aluminum windows lose to plastic and wood. It makes sense to install aluminum windows in areas where the climate does not imply the presence of cold winters.

Pay attention! Modern plastic and aluminum products are not left without standards. Regulatory documents were adopted under the number 30673/99 30973/2002 and 22233/2001. These are GOSTs, which also indicate the rules for the use of fittings.

Plastic window for a private house

The choice of plastic windows has become a quest today. It's connected with wide choice different profiles that are available on the market. One has to think not only about the size of the window itself, but also about how many cameras should be in the frame and which glass unit to take. It is important to be guided in the choice not only by the number of chambers in the frame of the structure, but also by the thickness that the walls have. To make it easier to navigate, all structures of this type have been divided into classes. The highest one has a thickness of 2.8 mm for those walls that face the street. The part of the frame that is turned towards the inside of the room has a wall thickness of 2.5 mm

The second class differs in that the walls that go into the room have a thickness of 2 mm, while the outer size is the same as in the previous version. If you come across a structure from a profile that does not fit any of these dimensions, then this is already the third class. Windows of this kind are perfect for installation in utility rooms.

The heat loss of the structure frame is reduced by several air cushions. They are located in closed chambers separated from each other. There are only three such cameras in the cheapest solutions. It is possible to install such products if we are talking about mild winters when the temperature drops below zero. If the area is famous for harsh winters, where temperatures can drop to -50 °, then it makes sense to think about a profile for 8 cameras. The optimal and most demanded is the five-chamber profile. It will easily protect you in thirty-degree frosts. In addition to thermal insulation, the air in the chambers of the structure also provides sound insulation. Windows facing the roadway must have a sufficient number of profile cameras and double-glazed windows so that the house is quiet.

You should not rush to a publicity stunt regarding the number of cameras. The first step is to pay attention to the overall thickness of the profile for the window. If it is too small, then you should not purchase such windows. This will not improve thermal insulation. Plastic windows are installed in houses that are assembled in various ways. It can be monolithic or frame structures... In both cases, plastic windows will delight their customers. For log houses there is an option of plastic windows, which are made under a tree. They are brown in color and wood grain.

Before ordering

Most plastic construction sellers offer free take-out measurements. But it would be nice to figure out how to correctly measure windows yourself. It should be understood that there are some restrictions on the area that one window can have. In most cases, this figure for a plastic window does not exceed 6 m 2. The height can be chosen even in full growth, if it is convenient in a private house. According to the standard, windows are placed at a height of 90 or 80 cm from the floor.

If the window is to be placed next to a perpendicular wall, then it will be necessary to make an indent of 50 cm, and not install it directly end-to-end. There must be a distance to the ceiling so that it is possible to hang curtains, and also not to violate the integrity of the lintel. This size is usually up to 30 cm. For bathrooms and toilets, windows with minimal dimensions are chosen so that it is possible only to ventilate the premises.

Professionals make measurements of the opening for the future window, not only from the inside, but also from the outside. This was done so that later the window would fall into place, since the slopes may have certain differences. The structure is made slightly smaller than the opening itself in order to facilitate the installation process. The width and height of the frame is measured at three points. You need to find out the size in the middle, bottom and top. The smallest size will be the width of the window. This rule can be disregarded if it is possible to partially expand the window opening. A video about choosing a construction profile is below.

Summary

As you can see, the choice of a structure for the opening is a responsible task. This is not only about the material, but also about the profile itself. It is important to understand very well the conditions in which the structure will be used in order not to overpay for advertising slogans. In addition, the ability to independently perform periodic maintenance of the structure will save the craftsmen on the board.

Quite often, during the repair of old windows, many home owners are faced with the fact that the purchased windows are not suitable in size for installation in the opening. This problem is especially relevant when buying products for an apartment in a high-rise building. The openings of the "Stalin" ones have one format, the "Khrushchevs" have a different one. To figure out how to determine standard sizes windows, it is worth considering the features of modern designs.

Plastic products

Today, plastic windows are among the most demanded for construction market... Since the formats of openings vary greatly, PVC windows also differ in a large selection of dimensions. At first, they were produced for panel houses... Such designs had dimensions of 120x120, as well as 130x140 cm.The first option is considered generally accepted.

Today you can find models of plastic windows with 1, 2 or 3 sashes. In "Khrushchevs" the size of the structure is strongly influenced by the size of the plastic window sill.

If the window has 3 sashes, the dimensions of PVC products will be 240x150 cm. In the case of double-wing structures, the window size is 145x150 cm. PVC products should be selected with such characteristics -130x135 and 204x135 cm.

Non-compliance with standards can lead to an error of 10 cm. For this reason, standard plastic designs cannot be. This concept is relative.

Non-standard products

Constructions with individual characteristics, can be carried out in accordance with the wishes of the customer. Such double-glazed windows do not correspond to standard indicators. Today, such windows are most in demand among many users.

Also, when choosing the size of the product, it is worth considering the principle of operation of the structure. For example, opening a window can be done by turning it sideways. In this case, the height of the structure must exceed its width. In this case, the thickness of the profile will be equal to 70-80 cm. Thanks to this indicator, the optimal temperature regime in room.

When the installation of a non-standard design is carried out, it is necessary to ensure that certain proportions are maintained in the dimensions of the horse. Otherwise, the profile may deform.

Modern technologies for the production of plastic structures provide the ability to manufacture products of any size.

Convenience of standard sizes

Standard window sizes are determined in accordance with SNiPs and GOST. Such documentation defines a number of requirements:

• the size of the rooms in which plastic structures are installed;
• lighting requirements for premises;
• the purpose of the building;
• level of natural light;
• the ability to transmit light.

The dimensions of windows in panel houses of various series can differ by several centimeters.

The already established standard sizes of plastic windows installed in panel buildings, as well as in "stalinkas", buildings made of wood and bricks, induce manufacturers to produce structures of specific dimensions. This eliminates problems for residents who decide to change the wooden window frames for new double-glazed windows.

For example, for typical house with 5 floors in Moscow, the standard size is 130x140 cm. For installation in the "Khrushchev" you will need to choose products 130x135 cm (minimum) and 145x150 cm (maximum).

Taking into account the type of house, you can choose the dimensions window construction, and also calculate the price of a new product. However, if you hire professionals, the effort and time will be less. Experts will carry out a professional measurement of the opening, depending on which the sizes of PVC windows are selected.

What size affects

Often the question of a selection of standard sizes arises before purchasing plastic construction... The dimensions of PVC products can deviate greatly from the typical parameters. This factor affects the cost of products.

Don't think that custom-made models will cost much more than standard designs. Finished products are usually purchased when an urgent installation is needed.

However, windows that are made in accordance with the given dimensions will be able to fit perfectly into a particular opening. Therefore, there will be no difficulties in the installation process.

Many companies specializing in the production of plastic structures offer the following services:

• carrying out the necessary measurements of the opening;
• manufacturing of a window structure according to specified dimensions;
• delivery finished product to the installation site;
• elimination of the old product and preparation of the opening for the window;
• installation of plastic structures, finishing of slopes, as well as installation of window sills.

A large selection of manufacturers allows you to choose suitable window models.

Standard plastic products

Usually, standard plastic windows are called products with dimensions of 150x150 cm. They are equipped with fittings and double-glazed windows. Universal is a rather vague concept of PVC products. They are called standard because they are very popular.

There are several types of such windows:

• deaf plastic;
• tricuspid - such models are gaining popularity;
• plastic bivalves;
• with swing-out flap.

Some of the most popular are models made for typical houses with dimensions 120x120 cm. For "Khrushchevs" constructions 130x135 cm are suitable.

Determination of dimensions

Plastic windows for modern man have become akin to necessity. They have a fairly large number of advantages, and also have an attractive appearance. Usually plastic windows are selected in standard sizes. Such products comply with GOST and other building codes.

If you need to replace the plastic window yourself, you should learn how to correctly measure. To determine the height of the plastic window, follow these steps:

• 2 cm is subtracted from the base of the opening to the outer slope;
• 2.5 cm should be added to the figures that have been obtained. This is necessary for the normal entry of the window into the upper quarter.
• if a support profile is used, subtract 3 cm from the resulting structure.

The dimensions of the glass unit are usually smaller than the window opening, by 3-8 cm. This distance is necessary for the assembly seam.

According to individual measurements, plastic windows are made quickly enough. This allows you to buy a product of optimal dimensions, which is ideal for installation in a specific opening.

The thickness of the window profile, regardless of the height and width of the structure, is usually 70-80 cm. Standard dimensions are determined by the typical dimensions of the openings. Usually they are calculated based on the standards of "Khrushchev" and panel structures.

Custom-made products will not cost much more than standard designs. They should be ordered after accurate measurement of the opening.

It is also worth measuring the window sills. The selection of the window block depends on their width. The choice of the optimal indicators of width and height will ensure correct and quick installation. Besides, great importance has the length of the external ebb. The sill board is usually installed close to the substitute profile, which is also important.

Also, before taking measurements, it is worth presenting the completion of work on finishing the opening. Insulation materials, as well as plaster and decorative elements will make some adjustments to the existing indicators. In the case of some windows, the distance from the frame to the sash can vary greatly.

In the case of arched frames, the position of the heel must be determined in advance. Both wood and plastic frames can be made to specific standards. To avoid inconsistencies during installation, it is worthwhile to make accurate measurements in advance.

conclusions

The difference in the formats of window openings makes you look closely at different options on the market building materials... Double-glazed windows are made for typical structures, which allows you to choose from several varieties.

When buying, it is worth remembering the type of doors and the way they are opened. This will do right choice... It should also be borne in mind that even in certain types of houses, measurements should be taken first. If you are not sure about the accuracy of the results, it is better to invite specialists. This approach will help get rid of unnecessary problems, as well as avoid serious mistakes.

The construction of buildings and structures is a complex multi-stage process, associated with many approvals and requirements. The structure must be strong, durable, and earthquake resistant. Therefore, design precedes the construction - thinking over and miscalculations on paper. In order not to start the calculations every time anew, they created special standards, adhering to which you can quickly build high-quality buildings. Construction standards provide for all the nuances: the materials to be used, the dimensions of the buildings, as well as the dimensions of the window and doorways... The window opening should provide the required level of natural light, while the strength of the structure should not suffer. A standard doorway should provide free access to the room, and not only people, but also pieces of furniture. The application of window and door openings standards makes the work of the door leaf and window frame manufacturers easier.

Entrance and interior doors in the house: standard size and width of the doorway

Typical dimensions of doors and doorways are indicated in special documents - SNiPs. Depending on the type of premises (residential, bathroom, administrative) and the type of doors (interior, entrance), the following standards are distinguished:

• Interior doors: opening heights 1970 mm and 2070 mm, door heights 1900 mm and 2000 mm. Opening width: 620, 670, 770, 870 and 970 mm, width door leaf: 550, 600, 700, 800, 900 mm. In this case, the thickness of the box should be 108 mm.
• Entrance doors: opening height 2065 mm and 2165 mm, door leaf height 2000 mm and 2100 mm, respectively. The width of the opening is 930, 980 and 1030 mm, and the width of the web is 800, 850, 900 mm.

These are the standards for "single" doors, they also set and double doors: two canvases of 550 mm each allows you to get an opening for the door, the dimensions of which will be 1100 mm.

Of course, the size of the doorway can be changed, but in this case you will have to order doors individual size... Moreover, resizing is called redevelopment and requires special permission from the architectural department. A large increase in the doorway can weaken the structure and cause structural failure.

Another option is also possible, if there is a doorway custom sizes, its geometry is changed (extra sections are laid) and standard doors are installed.

Continuing the conversation about standard door sizes, it is worth mentioning that we mean ordinary swing doors... However, in recent years, sliding doors are increasingly used, which allow you to maximize the space for opening / closing doors.

Opening dimensions for sliding doors depend on the design of the doors (there are compartment doors, accordion doors, etc.).

Regular and custom width and height of a window opening: how to design correctly

Unlike doorways and door sizes, the situation with window openings and windows is somewhat different. During construction, although they adhere to the standards laid down in SNiPs, the sizes of the windows still vary greatly, because the area of ​​the horse is usually calculated based on the square of the room. Therefore, in the houses of various types there will be windows different sizes... For example, in the standard panel house windows of two sashes have a size of 1300X1400 mm, three-leaf windows have a size of 2050X1400 or 2070X1400 mm. In "Khrushchevs" the size depends on the width of the window sill. In apartments with wide window sills, double-leaf windows have a size of 1450X1500 mm, three-leaf windows - 2040X1500 mm. If the window sills are narrow, then the window sizes are smaller: 1300X1350 mm and 2040X1350 mm.

"Windows are the eyes of the house." Said so once a wise man, hinting to the young mistress that the windows must be clean. But this article is far from being about detergents for windows, but about their size.

What are standard dimensions for a private house and for an apartment? And what mistakes to avoid when measuring windows?

Standard size of windows for living quarters

The window is one of the most important things that affect the appearance of the building... Because of this, they are chosen in such a way that they look natural on the facade. Working with windows: manufacturing, installation, adjustment, we recommend to carry out by specialists of the company Okna Expert (https://okna.expert/)

In a private house

Window Opening Standards exist to regulate light in private houses and not only.

The characteristics of window openings are based on what the room is intended for, but also provides for:

Based on building codes, we calculate the window standards. In addition, they are designed to be cleaned twice a year, and for areas with poor ecology - 4 times a year.

Now they also envisage number of glasses in a package and the distance between them - for each customer, the refractive index of the beam will not be calculated, and the illumination will decrease.

If we take single-sash windows, then their usual width and height vary. from 470X470 mm to 1470X870 mm. Naturally, it all depends on the dimensions of the opening.

Let's deal with two- and three-leaf windows. Double sash windows vary from 570X1170 mm to 1470X1470 mm. Window opening with three sections vary from 1170Х1770 mm to 1470Х2070.

Do you know how to do plastic slopes for do-it-yourself windows? See this article for details.

In the apartment

Now let's deal with the standards of windows in an apartment block building. Everybody is here depends on the type of house:

How to choose?

Don't trust the standard sizes since they do not exist in principle- the thickness of the walls and the height of the openings in all houses are different, respectively, and the standards are different.

It is necessary to invite a measurer who will correctly measure the measurements, that is, the height and width. However, preliminary measurements to calculate approximate cost finished structure, you can do it yourself.

In rooms where residents and their guests will stay for a long period of time, the ratio of windows to room area should be 1: 8.

If the window is the only one in the room - place it in the center long wall and higher- in this case, the light will go down evenly throughout the room and come evenly. The upper slope should not be created too far from the ceiling.

Finding the optimal size and shape for a window needs to be approached wisely and take into account several features. One of these is the degree of illumination. In order to well, and most importantly, to correctly plan the dimensions of the openings, the following rules should be observed:

1. The most comfortable for a person is lighting in which the width of the windows is at least 55% of the width of the entire room.
2. According to the rules, the lowest illumination is achieved provided that the glazing area is at least 10-12.5% ​​of the entire area of ​​the room.

The most ideal proportions are a rectangle with a width with a ratio of width to height 80X130 cm. Such windows are easy to use, and do not create unnecessary stress on the fittings.

Standards in accordance with GOST

For the standards of window openings, there is a regulation State standard under the number 11214-86. This standard also defines the dimensions for balcony doors... In accordance with this GOST, the width of the windows varies 870 - 2670 mm, height 1160 - 2060.

The table below will acquaint you with typical window sizes in accordance with GOST.

Normal window width calculated taking into account the purpose of the building, for each room and room, its location and dimensions, since the level of natural sunlight, depending on the geographic location, determines the degree of illumination.

Standard frames are made according to GOST, since it is important for windows to provide the necessary amount of daylight in the house.

Thus, the dimensions for a two- and three-leaf window made in accordance with GOST should be 1300Х1400 mm and 2050Х1400 mm.

On the value of these characteristics influenced by the following factors:

• the area of ​​this room;
• required degree of illumination;
• architectural features of the structure and the premises itself.

Based on generally accepted norms, the window area comes from the area of ​​the room, and the size of the house itself. What does the size of the opening affect? First of all, on the glazing of the window, how many sashes there will be and the shape itself.

As you can see, choosing the size of the window is a rather laborious task. It is necessary to prevent damage to the frame and materials. The best way out- hire a measurer, so that he does everything professionally. It is better to overpay, but then enjoy well-set and not crooked windows, than to suffer with the size.

Watch this video about optimal sizes window opening:

The design of buildings of any type, residential or administrative and industrial, assumes an orientation to certain norms and standards. Utilities, door and window openings, in any case, must comply with the standards prescribed in the documentation approved at the state level. Standards are not invented to complicate life, but are based on certain data obtained empirically and laboratory research... Window opening parameters are no exception.

Residential Standards

The standardization of window openings is designed primarily to regulate the intensity of light in a room. The gradation in the parameters of the openings depends on the purpose of the room. But not only this is taken into account:

Dimensions are calculated based on building codes and regulations, and it simply cannot be otherwise. For each dwelling, the rules determine the mandatory value of the lighting coefficient in our latitudes - south of 60˚ and north of 45˚ latitude. At the same time, it is assumed that glass cleaning will be carried out twice a year in ordinary rooms and four times a year for regions with a certain amount of emission of combustion products. It is clear that this means ecologically unreliable areas. Nevertheless, it is possible to talk on this topic for a long time, and the dimensions do not change from this. The first table is for standard single-sash windows.

Double and triple sash windows

There is a certain correction factor for the areas that are located on the border territories with the indicated latitudes. If the building is located south of the region specified in the standard, then the correction factor will be 0.75. If the house is built to the north, then the opening area should be increased - the coefficient increases by 1.2 times. Recently, another important factor has been taken into account - the number of glasses in the package and the distance between them. The fact is that no one will individually calculate the refractive index of a beam in a triple glass unit, and the lighting efficiency will deteriorate from this.

For this, GOST took into account such modifications of window blocks. However, there are certain average sizes that are suitable for most areas and most insulating glass designs. The table shows the dimensions for a two-leaf and three-leaf window, approved by GOST.

Aluminum windows in private houses

If we touched on the area of ​​the house glazing, then it would be simply indecent to keep silent about the aluminum windows that were moved by the plastic. For obvious reasons, plastic windows are much cheaper. But the conversation is not about the price, but about the size. And here, graceful and luxurious aluminum windows - on the highest level by light transmission coefficient. Due to their construction, aluminum windows are simply alien to minimalistic design. Once you see aluminum windows, you won't want to look at the plastic, although this may be a subjective opinion.

The increased light transmittance is provided to the windows by the design of specific accessories and fittings. Mechanical and mechatronic hidden systems allowed not only to improve the reliability of the system, but also to seriously increase the glazing area with the same standard openings. Aluminum structures can achieve the highest quality of thermal insulation, sound insulation and burglary resistance according to the European class WK3.

In general, the existing standards for windows, regardless of the material of manufacture, fully cover the need for a living room in daylight, reacting differently to temperature changes outside the window and in the room. By carefully choosing our windows, we will provide a bright, warm and safe home for years to come.