The chainsaw is designed to carry out various works with wood. It can be used to cut trees of various diameters and cut them into planks or bars. In addition, this tool is used for curly woodcutting - carving. In order to use a chainsaw correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of various works and safety rules, the neglect of which leads to very disastrous consequences.

Felling trees is enough traumatic process, because with the slightest mistake, the trunk of a sawn tree, which has a huge mass, can fall on a person working with a chainsaw. Therefore, it is not enough just to have this unit and the desire to cut down a tree. Before you start working with a chainsaw, you should know the basic rules for working with this tool. So, safety precautions when felling timber contains the following points, which must not be ignored.

How to properly cut a tree with a chainsaw

When felling trees with a chainsaw, it is necessary to select the right blade: it must correspond to the thickness and type of wood. For example, if you need to cut thin trees, then there is no point in using heavy and powerful units. After all, they have a high consumption of fuel mixture and lubricant, and they are much harder to work with. It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

• for barrels with a diameter of 600 mm and more, a heavy blade (650 mm) should be used;
• for trunks with an average diameter of 300-600 mm - a medium-sized blade of 350-650 mm;
• the felling of thin trunks (up to 300 mm) can be carried out with a blade of up to 350 mm.

If you have work to do hardwood(oak, beech, cherry, apple, pear, etc.), it is better to use medium canvases for thin trunks, and heavy ones for trunks with a diameter of 300-600 mm or more.

Preparation phase

Felling trees with a chainsaw will be difficult, and sometimes dangerous, without this preparation step.

1. Make sure there are no people, animals, buildings or other trees in the area where the tree is supposed to fall.
2. It takes very careful preparation for felling trees. near water bodies... If the sawn object falls into the water, then you will have to make a lot of efforts, including with the use of technology, to get it out and saw it.
3. If you need to lay the tree to be cut in a certain place, then you can tie a cable to the top of the trunk or to its middle, and use a winch or other mechanism to forcefully tilt it in the desired direction.
4. Before cutting down a tree, take care of escape routes if an unforeseen situation arises (if possible, remove all obstacles that might prevent you from leaving the danger zone).
5. Provide the possibility of access to the sawn and cut tree of transport for loading and removal.
6. If you have to roll big tree , then you first need to exclude the possibility of falling large branches in the process. It is recommended to rent a lift or use the services of industrial climbers to cut problematic branches.

In amateur practice, it is allowed to fell trees using a single cut, only when there is a felling of low plants with a trunk diameter of no more than 150 mm. But cutting thick trees is required following standard technology.

1. The very first, top cut should be done on the side of the plant into which it should eventually fall. It is done at an angle of 45 °, with a depression ¼ of the barrel diameter. Second, bottom cut is carried out horizontally, until the undercuts dock.
2. The third cut is called felling and is the most responsible. It is performed on the opposite side of the previously made wedge-shaped cut, parallel to the second cut (see the figure below), but 5 cm higher than it. Also, according to the technology, the felling cut should not be finished to the end, that is, to the wedge-shaped cut. It is necessary to stop, without finishing about 1/10 of the barrel thickness, so that the remaining whole part served as a kind of hinge.
3. To prevent the saw from getting stuck in the cut, it is necessary to use wooden wedges. Metal wedges should not be used as the chain could be damaged if the saw kicks back.
4. When felling cuts, pay close attention to the vertical line of the trunk. A sudden gust of wind can make its own adjustments, and you will not be able to cut the tree down the way you planned.
5. After the felling cut, even before the plant begins to fall, it follows quickly, without fuss, remove the tire of the chainsaw and move back to a safe distance. It is extremely unsafe to be near a tree at this moment, since the lower part of the trunk can jump to a height of about 1.5 meters when it falls.

If the hinge rule is ignored, as well as the guide and felling cut are incorrectly positioned, then it will be impossible to predict the direction of the tree falling.

After the plant has turned out to be dumped in the right direction, you should cut all branches on its trunk. For convenience, a flat piece of wood with a height of 100-150 mm should be placed under the trunk. If this is not done, then there is a high probability that you will hook the ground with the saw. When the rig hits the ground, where there is always sand, the latter hits the tire, namely, into the groove along which the chain slides. As a result of exposure to abrasive particles, not only the chain shanks, but the entire tire begin to wear out quickly. Therefore, the question that builders often ask - is it possible to cut foam blocks with a chainsaw - is inappropriate.

How to cut a log correctly

The next step after felling a tree is sawing it. It is required to conduct it by following certain rules and according to the scheme.

Longitudinal sawing into planks

As you might guess, the boards are obtained by longitudinal dissolution of the log. Since rip sawing will be required, the saw chain must also be of the correct type. To ensure accurate cutting of the trunk into planks, use the special Big Mill log sawing attachment, shown in the following figure.

With its help it is possible to saw logs diameter up to 500 mm... The thickness of the resulting board is set according to a special ruler printed on the racks of the device. You can buy it ready-made or do it yourself by watching this video.

To dissolve a log into boards of equal thickness, do the following.

To cut logs across the grain, it must be installed on the machine saw chain for a cross cut. Basically, the cross cut is used for cutting firewood... Small cylinders are obtained, which are further split into firewood. To make it convenient to cut firewood, the log is laid on trestles with a height of 600-800 mm.

The same way is carried out and trimming of timber.

Log sawing scheme

Below is a diagram that shows how to properly dissolve a log into boards and beams.

This operation can be performed in several ways.

1. Sawing of a square bar occurs from the core of the log.
2. To get 2 rectangular beams, a square beam is sawn into 2 pieces.
3. By sawing a log crosswise, you can get 4 beams.
4. This type of sawing is called “wobble” and is used on sawmill frames. All boards are unedged.
5. At this type sawing a log, you can get a two-edged bar, as well as several unedged boards and a couple of slabs.
6. Radial sawing, which is complex in its execution. Salient feature boards with such sawing - vertical growth rings.
7. The two-edged beam is dissolved on edged boards and 2 wane.
8. For boards with a horizontal arrangement of growth rings, face they call the one that is turned to the center of the log (core), and the back is turned to the sapwood (this is the name of the trunk periphery).

What is carving

The word “carving” came into our language from English and means “carving”. This is the name of curly woodcarving with a chainsaw. This art of skillful use of the instrument is beginning to gain popularity in our country. For carving, the usual light chainsaws such as the Husqvarna 135.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 135

The chainsaw has small dimensions, develops required power, has a weight of 4.4 kg and an easy engine start. The tire should be set to a medium size, about 14 inches. The chain is selected in 3/8-inch increments. It is recommended to immediately purchase special chains. For example, the STIHL Carving Rapid Micro Spezial (RMS) chain has a ¼ inch pitch, shortened teeth and is specially designed for curved cutting in wood. The Husqvarna 135 saw is well suited for the beginner carving player.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 450e II

As you gain experience, you can use more powerful units.

Sculptures made of wood using a chainsaw are very widely used in parks, on city streets, near cafes, restaurants and other public places, and always attract the genuine attention of passers-by.

For example, seeing such a product in the park, few people pass it by indifferently.

The fantasy and skill of professional carvingists sometimes cause surprise and admiration.

To achieve these results requires a tremendous amount of effort, and it takes years of practice to hone the skill. After all, even having tried to make any simple product with your own hands, you will immediately understand that wood carving with a chainsaw is not an easy process. But if you are overwhelmed with the desire to learn this art, then, undoubtedly, you will be able to realize all your plans and decorate your site with products that have no analogues.

What can beginner carving masters do?

If you want to try your hand at woodcarving with a chainsaw, then first you should choose any simple figure for example you can cut outmushroom or cube.

Take your wood choice seriously. If it is wet, then ready product after drying, it will crack, and the result of your labors will be spoiled.

So, in the beginning it is necessary to make a blank out of wood with a chainsaw, that is, to give the product a general outline. No special precision is needed at this stage. It is only important not to remove the excess. Hold the object drawing or reference in front of you to more accurately represent the proportions of the finished sculpture.

Finished wooden sculptures are sanded sandpaper and covered with a protective layer, paint or varnish. As you acquire skills, you can start making more complex shapes. Handicrafts made from logs, namely pillars depicting people or animals, are very popular among chainsaw carvers. They are installed vertically (buried in the ground). The photo below shows the manufacturing process of a simple figures of a bear from a log, which is suitable for beginner carvingists.

To create birds more experience and dexterity are required, since processing is very small parts sculptures (head, feathers, etc.).

The farm will always find use for lumber: wooden boards, slats and bars. Usually all this wealth is bought in a hardware store or a specialized market. But if you have a log, then you can significantly save on lumber by sawing it yourself. Logs can be cut across, along or even obliquely. The latter method is used very rarely - only for complex wooden structures... Since it is very difficult to do it yourself at home, we will consider the other two.

Cross-cutting a log is an absolutely simple sawing method. It requires a special bed, popularly called "goats", and a saw (hand, electric or gasoline). The log is laid horizontally on the bed and sawed where required. If there are no goats, then the log can be cut transversely by resting one edge of it on another log. For longitudinal sawing of a log, you will need a special sawmill, which you can buy at a hardware store. In such a unit, logs can be cut to any thickness of boards or bars.

A ready-made sawmill is expensive, so you can make it yourself. The figure below shows detailed drawing homemade sawmill. If you do not plan to often saw logs on boards, then you should not buy or make a stationary sawmill. You can make a simple imitation of it by fixing a guide made of boards on the log, along which an ordinary electric saw will move on the side.

And you can also recommend this method. Two rigid supports are placed along the edges, a guide is fixed on top of them, and a carriage with a saw is installed on it. In this case, the log will be under the guide - in contrast to the previous method, where the log is on the side.

We told you about the most simple ways sawing logs. Do not forget that when working with any tool, especially with a saw, you need to follow safety precautions.

All photos from the article

Construction market dazzles huge amount modern materials, which, unfortunately, are not very natural. That is why wood is still the most popular - due to its versatility and availability, it is used in various construction industries. Any lumber, be it timber or boards, is made from logs, so our task today is to understand how to make the necessary building material from it.

Instead of a preface

1. Logs can be sawn with hand tool, or on a different professional equipment used on an industrial scale.
2. A direct impact on the cost of finished sawn timber is exerted by their characteristics, namely, the thickness of the materials and the amount of waste remaining as a result of the production process.

1. To reduce the amount of waste, on an industrial scale, logs are cut according to special schemes. In domestic conditions, it is sometimes necessary to cut the logs yourself, so you should first familiarize yourself with them.

What equipment is used

In production conditions, various types of logs are used for sawing. professional tool and special equipment, selected depending on:

• material length;
• its thickness;
• quality for products.

In domestic conditions, it is usually unavailable, but it is successfully replaced with an ordinary chainsaw, woodworking machine with circular saw or .

At the enterprises engaged in the production of lumber, wood sawing lines are used. This equipment is highly efficient and allows you to get a quality product.

Sawmill - a machine for cutting logs into boards

To one of the types sawmill equipment the sawmill belongs - a woodworking machine on which frame saws are installed. After processing, a bar and an edged board are obtained as a result.

Only logs of a certain size can be used as raw materials:

• the length should not exceed 7 m;
• the diameter range is much wider and ranges from 150 to 800 mm.

Round timber is also sawn using circular saws called circular saws or circular saws. Such machines are subdivided into:

Most often logs are processed on band sawmills, allowing to saw round timber both horizontally and vertically. Thanks to the high quality sawing of the logs, very little waste is left after the final material is obtained.

But this is not the whole list of equipment used for large-scale production of sawn timber. There are also highly specialized machines that are used only in certain branches of woodworking.

The main types and methods of cutting wood

The method of sawing logs is chosen depending on the type of wood and what the final piece should be.

Consider:

• parameters that determine the size;
• shape;
• surface quality;
• requirements.

Logs can be sawn in relation to the location of the tree rings.

In total, there are three such types of sawing:

1. Radial - along the radius of the growth rings, while the work is carried out with particular clarity.
2. Tangential - the log is sawn to the growth rings tangentially, parallel to one of the radii.
3. Parallel forming - cutting occurs parallel to the direction of the fibers.

Depending on the direction in which the logs are cut, the methods of sawing them are also subdivided:

1. To collapse - means sawing a log in several places along its entire plane. At the same time, they should be located parallel to each other. This is the easiest way of processing, allowing you to end up with a pair of slabs and an unedged board.
2. With a bar, it allows you to first obtain side boards and a bar, which, if necessary, is sawn into identical edged boards. This method allows you to cut a little more than half of all raw materials. The disadvantage is that the processing of round timber requires the use of two sawmills.
3. Segmental - a bar will be cut from the center of the log. This name is due to the fact that two segments remain on the sides of the log, which are subsequently cut into tangential boards.
4. Sector - round timber in this case is sawn into sectors. Moreover, their number depends on the diameter of the log and varies from 4 to 8. Further, the resulting fragments are sawn into radial or tangential boards.
5. Circular - designed for individual cutting logs. At the same time, healthy wood is separated from the affected one.

Tip: when sawing off the next board, the trunk must be turned 90˚ around the longitudinal axis.

It should be noted that three latest ways, unlike the two previous ones - the main ones, they are rarely used.

Household sawing

It is unprofitable to purchase sawmills for use at home, both from an economic point of view, the price is quite high, and from a practical point of view. For these purposes, an ordinary chainsaw is quite suitable.

However, you can use electric, but gasoline is much more powerful and does not require electricity, which is very useful when doing work away from civilization. Despite the laboriousness of this process, in the presence of certain skills, labor costs can be justified.

All work related to cutting requires special devices:

• a device that fixes the log in a stationary state;
• a frame-attachment designed for a chainsaw - if you want to get boards different thickness, they are fixed on the tool bar, but so as to be able to adjust the distance remaining between the nozzle and the chain;
• guide ruler. It can be successfully replaced with the required length. metal profile or an ordinary board, the main thing is that it is even and tough.

Tip: for a chainsaw, you need to purchase a special chain that allows you to make rip cuts. Her distinctive feature is a special sharpening angle of the teeth.

Process

The operating instructions will be as follows:

1. Free the logs from bark and branches. The less waste you get, the more finished material will be.
2. Determine the most optimal cutting pattern. Why inspect the log for possible defects.

1. Cut from east to west or vice versa. This is due to the fact that receiving quality material possible only if the density of the boards is the same over the entire width. Please note that the density of the tree trunk on the north side is much higher than on the south.
2. Remove the slabs opposite each other.
3. Saw the two-edged beam formed as a result of this operation into lumber.
4. Remove the edges from the received one.

Tip: if you find any defects in the log, for example, a false core, it can be turned as with circular sawing by 90 and 180˚.

Output

If you decide to dissolve a log at home, you will need to use a sawmill, chainsaw, or regular saw. top scores will show the first two options, besides, the process will be much faster and better.

Before starting work, it is advisable to draw a diagram of sawing round timber. The video in this article will provide an opportunity to find additional information on the above topic.

A log is a kind of raw material for obtaining lumber general purpose and special types products. Or rather, it is a raw material for obtaining such a material, as necessary in construction and economy, as boards.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully examine the logs for flaws and clean them of bark. This is usually done without mechanized tools manually. It is best to work with fresh material immediately after it has been felled. It is very difficult to work with poor quality material or bent logs. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately assess the quality and sort the logs. It is also worth considering that it will be simply impossible to get perfect boards at home. So it is necessary to calculate your strength and possible losses.

Take electric planer and remove the subcortex. The underbark is a soft young layer of wood directly under the bark. You shouldn't shoot a lot. It will be enough to remove a layer one centimeter thick. Try to remove the desired layer immediately, otherwise the wood will not look aesthetic over time.

Dry the logs on fresh air within five to seven days under a canopy. This is a very important process, as under-dried wood will simply crack over time.

Treat logs with chemical protective agent... Use only high-quality modern antiseptics, insect repellents and various fungi.

Secure the log to the rails or bed. Also, do not forget to check the sharpness of the knives and chains.

With the help of marking on the log, the cutting line is marked. Care should be taken to ensure that the boards have approximately the same density. It is good if the log has perfect evenness and density. But it often happens that the logs have flaws, so you have to tinker with the cut to save money and maximize the yield of high-quality material.

Remove the slab from both sides of the log. As a result, you will get a comfortable bar that will not roll.

Start removing the boards. At the exit, you will receive a set of boards with raw edges that will need to be cut with a hand saw.

Now you can admire your work and consider the cutting of logs successful and complete!

Planks and beams are one of the main building materials. But not everyone has the financial ability to buy ready-made boards. In such situations, one of the solutions is to independently engage in timber harvesting on a plot taken in the forestry.

The advantage of a chainsaw as a sawing tool

You can cut a log using a sawmill, a petrol or electric saw and additional devices. When choosing one of these tools, you should consider the amount of work to be done. The cost of the cheapest stationary sawmill together with all the accessories is 150 thousand rubles. The chainsaw is much cheaper. It is more convenient than an electric saw for the following reasons:

• Electricity is not required to operate the tool - this makes it possible to use the chainsaw on plots.
• More powerful than an electric saw.
• Starts smoothly and allows convenient speed control, which reduces the chance of chain breakage.
• The overrun brake responds faster than a saw.
• Long working time without interruption - up to one hour.
• Can be used in high humidity conditions.

Types of working attachments

When sawing logs with a chainsaw, various attachments are used.

• Rip saw attachment. It is used for sawing a log lengthwise, the process takes place in a horizontal position. After work, the master gets the same thickness for the product. The finished materials undergo a drying process, after which the boards are used in construction. By appearance the device is a small frame, it is attached to the tire on each side.

• Drum debarker (gummer). With the help of such a nozzle, it is easy to dissolve the log, it works due to the V-belt transmission. Attaches to belts on both sides using special pulleys. The speed of rotation of the shaft depends on the size of the pulleys, so the performance of the nozzle is easy to change. This technology forces the master to carefully monitor each stage of the process; some specialists use an assistant during this cut. But this option requires increased security measures.
• Sawing with a lightweight nozzle. The method is not very efficient, but it is used quite often. The element is fastened on one side, but the workpieces are slightly uneven. Such materials are needed to build barns or fences.

Features of sawing with a homemade tool

Sawing a log into boards can be easily done using a self-made tool. It is not difficult to make it. To do this, follow these steps:

• As a support, you need to use a frame from a school desk or a pipe with a cross-section in the form of a square, its optimal size is 20x20, and more is allowed.
• It is necessary to build two clamps, mount a cross-member with two holes for tie bolts at one end, and make a projection for the tire in the middle.
• For longitudinal sawing of logs into boards, you need to make a support frame, its width should be less than the length by seven to eight centimeters.
• Then two parts ten centimeters long are welded to both sides, holes for bolts are made, a handle is attached in the middle for ease of use.
• Then you need to insert the clamps into the grooves, install the bus, fix everything carefully.

To Work with homemade tool it is not difficult, this will require goats, they will serve as a support. In addition, you need to prepare a metal rail or board to use as a guide. A log is laid from below, the required height for work is set.

The order of the preparatory work

To cut a log lengthwise, you need to perform the following sequence of actions:

• Take two straight boards and attach one to the other at right angles. The result is a solid flagship line.
• To support the made ruler, you need to make stops from the boards.
• The movement of the trunks must be carried out using a turner.
• The log should be placed on a comfortable base.
• On the tire of the chainsaw using nuts, you need to fix the frame.
• Lead ruler supports must be attached to the ends of the log, checking the horizontal position with a level.
• Self-tapping screws must be used to fix all brackets and structural elements. Nails are not suitable for these purposes, since they are difficult to remove in the future without causing damage to the details of the structure.
• The guide ruler must be attached to the supports using staples and its height must be adjusted so that the cut will not go along it, but approximately one centimeter higher.
• The log must be rotated and the second plank must be secured in such a way that it rests on the ground and supports the log.

The order of the main work

• Now you need to start the chainsaw and make the first cut.
• Next, you need to free the log from stops and boards and attach a leading ruler on the cut surface of the log in the direction of the next cut. The ruler is attached directly to the surface or to the ends of the log using supports. The second cut is made perpendicular to the first cut.
• The log must be turned and secured with a board point-blank to the ground.
• You do not need a leader ruler for further actions. One of the cut sides serves as a guide.
• It is necessary to adjust the thickness of the cut on the frame and saw off the log from the other side in such a way that you get a bar with bark left on only one side.
• This bar must be turned over and fixed in such a way that the attachment point of the fixing board is as low as possible.
• Then you need to adjust the frame to the required thickness of the board and cut the timber into boards.

Safety rules when performing work

• Should not use circular saw without protective cover.
• Wear headphones, gloves, goggles, heavy clothing and a respirator.
• Fuel should not be poured into the hot tank of the instrument; you must wait until it cools down.
• Children must not be allowed at the work site.
• The tool must be started on the ground with the chain brake engaged, which must only be released before starting sawing.
• Always have a first aid kit on hand.
• When working, you need to hold the chainsaw by the handle of the arc, moving it forward along the guide. Do not press on the chainsaw with great effort - it must move freely.
• Right-handers should place the log on the right side of themselves, left-handers - on the left.