The nail holder is almost always present in our building inventory, and it is rarely purchased as a separate tool, much more convenient when it is complete with its regular partners - hammer or scrap.

Design and purpose of the nail

There is no person who would perfectly driven nails into any surface without a single error. The percentage of committed errors, of course, depends on the experience of the employee, but never falls to zero. Therefore, without a nail to the construction site cannot do. In addition, it is quite often necessary not in the construction process, but already for the exercise of destruction, for example, a wooden building. Many burn the remnants of the drump building and use ash, but it will spoil all the properties in it, so they are pre-eliminated.

It is not always easy to get a nail with small places, especially if the material is quite strong, and the nail is long. Here, school physics and the law of levers come to the rescue. Even the most stubborn nail can be achieved without much if you have a long lever with a solid gripper at the end. From here it is easy to guess about the design of a nail model, which is pretty simple. Properly pointed end of the capture will help to pose even the deepestly robbed nail.

In general, our instrument looks like this: a long handle, at the end of which there is a bending ending with a flattened forked tip with a slot. The length of the tool depends on the severity of the tasks that it can perform, this is the longest lever, which is directly related to the extension to pull out the nail. A pointed end is easily subject to a nail heap, which may not even perform above the surface of the material. The slot firmly grabs a hat, and the bending as a stop allows you to smoothly transfer the center of gravity tool just back to the pointed end to raise, getting a nail.

Thus, without unnecessary sharp movements and universal efforts, you will get any unsuccessful or unwanted fasteners. We have already said that most often we can meet the nail-cutter as an extra head on the hammer. For most household works, this is quite enough, and convenient, immediately at the time of clogging the nail can be removed. The length of the handle of the hammer is quite enough as a lever. But for more serious work in loaders and carpenters always have individual tool, moreover, from high strength materials. The nail is often used not only for pulling nails, especially if it is characterized by high strength.

Titanium nail - How to buy a good tool?

Looking at the design, it seems that choosing such a tool is easier than simple. But if you an experienced master, then get to the matter will be very demanding. In addition, the range seemingly monotonous device, quite wide. For example, only by length you can expect to buy a purchase from 32 cm to 1 m, the weight may increase up to 4 kg, although the easiest options pull out that by 0.5 kg. It is also different and material for the manufacture, most often, this is a high carbon steel, but the leader is considered the titanium nail-holder.

Choosing a tool, it is still important to look at some parameters. First, immediately pay attention to the tip. It should be fairly flat, sharp and durable. Sometimes out durable material The tip is made exclusively, and everything else is from the cheaper metal, and even on the tree. It happens that the tip is protected by coatings, paints or anti-corrosion. Yes, with the times about numerous nail heats, it will be erased, but it will still extend the service life, without allowing at least at first rust and scattering.

Next, choose length and weight. If you are tuned to a large amount of work, for example, or windows, analysis of large-sized furniture and similar operations, then feel free to take a nail-holder about 1 m long. If your plans are limited to the analysis of boxes, repair of benches and other trifles, then an option at 30-40 cm is quite suitable.

And the weight should be chosen small, although it is responsible for the efforts. That is, the more the weight of the instrument, the less you will need to make an effort to get a nail. But do not forget that it is necessary to transfer and deft with a heavy tool to you personally, which means that the chance is quick to get tired quite high. So you need to choose optimal optionTo make moderate efforts to work, and that the tool itself is effective, but not heavy. Weight 1 kg is considered exactly suitable for these criteria.

The choice of the tool includes the assessment of the material, the quality of the tip, as well as the length of the lever and weight of the entire device.

Create homemade option

For special workshops, we offer a way to independently make a set of the most frequently used types of nails.

How to make a nail-holder with your own hands - a step-by-step scheme

Step 1: Hans

To do this, you will need steel wire different diameterFor the smallest nails enough and 0.5 mm, but for heavy work, you can even take fittings. First handle the tip. To do this, break the end with a hammer on the anvil (for the reinforcement it should not be plotted, it will be necessary to simply cut the material to the desired sharpness, can be made on the emery circle). Next, we will supply the slot of moderate depth to the usual hacksaw. To be too long to force us deep into it to drive the nail, and this is not at all necessary, extra work.

Step 2: Nozzle Processing

Now you should take a feet and process the edges to remove irregularities, jar and other defects that are certainly formed when working with the metal. Following we have to bend this nozzle, try to do it in two receptions. At first, the thick part of the wire is slowed down, which is located in front of the transition to the flattened one. And followed by her, the part that is closer to the area, which will be made work.

Many people still manage such a workpiece if you have such an opportunity, and you are sure that the wire material allows you to do this, do not go around this idea side. Now you go through the file and the skin, and then polishing paste throughout the tip, it is almost ready, so we carry the gloss. Thus, the entire set of tips is manufactured, your taste and caprication, if you want to have a nail strand almost for each cap size.

Step 3: Use

Now it remains to admit the resulting tip on the handle, if any. But do not despair, if there was no reliable handle, you can attach it to an already existing tool, for example, besides the hammer. Increase the lever value, it is possible to put the bar to the bar after the nail hat was in the slot. Of course, the work will not be instant, but you will achieve the effect. Since there is no huge lever, it will be difficult to get a completely difficult nail, but, having rescued it on half, to finish work easily even with passatages, efforts will be required at least.

For "targeting" nails from boards and wooden bars typically use a mount with a hook or ticks. However, these are not the only tools that can be used in this case. For example, you can make with your own hands the device from the half-tie pipe and pieces of the old file, which can cope with the task much faster.

The main stages of work

For the manufacture of this homemade it will take a piece of half steel pipe, the edge of which (approximately 60-70 mm) needs to be a little flattened with a heavy hammer or a sledgehammer so that it becomes flat. Then proceed to the assembly of the second part of the homemade.

To do this, you will need a piece of the old Soviet file (without the tail part), the edge of which you need to run at a small angle. With the help of the grinder cut the rectangular piece. In the stovered part of the half-dummy pipe at a distance of 30-35 mm from the edge of drilling one through hole 10 mm diameter.

At the next stage, from the steel plate with an angular grinding machine Cut the two identical details of the suitable form. They need to be treated with a file to remove burrs, and polish. In the plates drill holes with a diameter of 10 mm.

The process of assembling fixture

"Tongue", carved from a file, weld to a flattened part of the handle at a right angle. Then, two plates are attached to half a pipe with a bolt with a nut M10. Next, on the one side of the plates, the blade is welded, carked out with a grinder from a file, which should coincide in terms of the previously welded "tongue".

With damaged hats that cannot be unscrewed. Due to its form and strength, it can also be used to disassemble wooden, plastic and other structures, which as a result of the forces applied can be disconnected.

How the novelter is arranged

The tool may have a different form, but regardless of the species always has the same work part. It is a flat wedge, resembling the shape of a split tip. The longitudinal slot on it has a special groove that allows you to capture a nail or screwdriver. Subsequent tool is used as a lever to break the fastener.

Usually the tool is made of carbon steel. She has high hardness. You can also find cheaper nails made from weak alloys, which are affordable to perform dismantling work. To determine poor-quality tools, it is sufficient to scratch their work part, using the edge of the nail. W. good tool Steel is hard, so scratch is not formed. If a bad nail is tested, then the mark will appear right in the metal, and not just on the paint.

Where novels are used

The need to break the nails may be required in various circumstances. Such a tool use people dozens of professions. First of all, it is necessary to builders, as well as finishers performing repair work. It is convenient to tear the old floorboards with a nails, tear off the wall molding, dismantle the roof from slate. The need for it arises when disassembling wooden fences. Nails are much more compact leoms, so they can be used for neat destruction brick masonry. Thanks to a flat spatula, they are comfortable to surrender under the brick, and using the lever to tear it from the wall.

Also, the tool is used by loaders and couriers engaged in the delivery of goods in the crate. Due to the increased strength, this device can be completely used to apply shock when performing dismantling work. Of course, the hammer makes everything much more convenient, but when the last is not at hand, it is quite possible to do with a nail.

Varieties of nails

This is a very popular tool for which there are no analogues in performing certain types of dismantling work, therefore dozens of well-known trademarks are engaged in its production. Each of them strive to improve the design by making it more convenient to perform certain tasks. In this regard, there are several very successful varieties of this tool used everywhere. Conditionally, they can be divided into conventional nails and combined with other varieties of tools.

Normal

A similar tool is intended exclusively for disrupting nails. It has a small size up to 40 cm. At its end, an ordinary handle with a lining, similar to that occurs on hammers. This is a relatively lightweight nail, which allows us to work basically only with fasteners. It is quite capable of pulling the floorboards or disassemble the wooden boxes. Pure nails are not too popular, because for a similar cost, you can purchase a more advanced tool that can perform at least one more additional feature.

There are also more compact devices designed to work with small nails, which are commonly used in the furniture assembly, as well as the floculating of small boxes. They have the size of an ordinary major, the exception that they are equipped with a slot with a slot. With the help of such a device, you can shoot fasteners, creating minimal surface damage with which they are pulled out. This tool is suitable for dismantling the stationery buttons tightly falling in the wood. They can also be lit clips, holding the internal plastic elements of the car.

Combined

Such a nail combines one or more additional tools:

• Pliers.
• Mount.

Nails combined S. scramble They have dimensions up to 150 cm. On their second end there is a flat blade or pointed wedge. This is a universal construction and dismantling tool, which is the easiest way, since it has a big lever, which reduces the load when pulling off nails. A similar adaptation is good to dismantle the genital boards, benches, wooden buildings, as well as roof crates. In addition, the tool can be applied as an ordinary scrap. Its split blade is quite large, so it is not able to capture small carnations with a small diameter hat. It does not suit and, if necessary, a neat disassembly of small structures, the components of which must be maintained intact, without allowing the appearance of dents on wood.

Enjoy great popularity hammersThey, on the opposite of the brought part, it is provided for a nail. They have a small lever of exposure, so pulling fasteners with such a fixture is quite difficult. At the same time, such structures have benefits. First of all, they are compact and can be placed in a box with tools. Hammers can be perfectly cope with the breaking of small nails, but for their long lever is too short. The bulk of the load falls on the handle of the hammer, which is usually made of wood. Restrasting and pressing too much, you can break it. If you plan to apply great efforts, then it is better to choose a whole metal hammer with a nail-holder. Such a tool may well survive a large load, and besides that it is not damaged if you extend the handle metal pipe To increase the lever shoulder. Usually, similar hammers are used in the case when they need to be used to clog nails. If one of them begins, you can immediately remove it to score the other.

Novels-chisels

A highly specialized tool intended for beekeepers. It is used for processing and cleaning the old frames. With it, minor cloves are extracted, and the stoves are cleaned by the planks of the frame from the old trap. Also on sale there are reinforced chisels, which in addition to performing current two functions, also work as a hammer. This makes them universal for repairing the bee framework and performing more serious tasks. It is worth noting that such nail-holder Although it is a chisel, but it is not enough pointed to carry out a carving of a tree, like carpentry analogs.

Meet pincerswho themselves and apply to extract nails. At the same time, on one of their handles there is a flat blade with a slit for carnations, which is copying the shape of the nail. Such an adaptation can not cope with large fasteners, but it is quite useful for disassembling small wooden boxeswhich are commonly used for the transport of vegetables and fruits.

Special attention deserves nails mounting. This is a practically universal dismantling tool that allows you to perform a large list of works. Typically, such devices are 4 in 1. They can be used as a nail, mounting, hammer and tools for flexing metal rods. Often, this device is much more than all other varieties. At the same time, it can not compete with a capacity with a nail-leather scrap.

How to use a nail-holder

Often using a nail-cutter, it is necessary to deal with very clogged nails, the hat of which is in-depth to the surface. In this case, there is no possibility to catch. To solve this problem, you must keep the auxiliary tools at hand. First of all, it is a hammer, or ticks.

If the design is disassembled, in which access to the reverse side is available, where the tip of the nail is carried out, then it is necessary to check whether it appears. If the pointed part sticks out, then it is necessary to hit it with a hammer, after which the hat will come out and it will be possible to pull it out. Sometimes fasteners on the reverse side bent to increase reliability. In this case, it needs to be accessed. In order to use pliers or ticks. After alignment, you should hit the sharp side so that the hat is a little left.

In the case of dismantling the surfaces, in which the tip does not protrude from the back side, or there is no access to it, the work will have to be performed more roughly. First, you need to put the shovel of the nail-breaker opposite the cap, sending it at an angle of 30 degrees. The impact of the hammer on the occipital part of the nail holder it is necessary to drive into the surface until the headband occurs. After that, the tool is used as a lever and pulls the nail as usual. This is a trouble-free way, but spoils the boards, which is not always acceptable if they are planned to be used in the future.

When the nail comes with great strength, the back of the nail cut into the wood, leaving there a deep dent. The same arises when dismantling fastening on slaf roofs. To avoid a similar effect, it is necessary to put under the focus of the instrument a small soft wooden plate. It will take a deformation effect on itself, distributing the load for the larger area, so the dent will not appear.

It is not necessary to drive a nail, special experience is required, every developer can cope with this task, another thing is to endure a knocked nail. If the hat is flush with the surface, it is recommended to know some subtleties of this work. And much depends on the pulling of nails from what you choose the tool. It is best for this purpose to use a titanium nail-holder, which can cope with nails best.

Purpose of nail

There were times when wooden nails were used everywhere, for this, first drilled in holes in the boards, which was suitable in diameter, and after that, the details of the structure were combined with such a simple way. Such nails were called anticipation. However, the heater could not be pulled out. And today these products replaced with metal fasteners that have wide hats. In the manufacture of wood products, it often arises the need for pulling incorrect nails.

It is easy to pick up a twitch - a special tool with a flattened end, where there is a wedge-shaped slot, which is convenient for the capture of the nail. After the subsidence, it is also necessary to pull the fastener, which is tightly compressed by the fibers of the tree or is flared in concrete panelTherefore, a forged nail should be used. The arm of the lever helps, so all nails are made rather long, and near the hook - the bend, which acts as a support. Great importance It also has a material, so the tools for pulling nails are often male.

Hammers-novels perform the functions of an ordinary carpentry hammer or act as a nail-made. Such a tool will help and score a nail, and with ease of unnecessary remove if it is installed incorrectly. Today there are similar hammers with different handles: wooden, metal, rubberized, fiberglass.

Thus, the purpose of the hand-made nail is to pull out nails. And its use area is quite large. With his help, you can carefully and easily pull the nail out of the floor or plinth. Regardless of the description of the nail, it is used when making a disassembly of a variety of buildings, wooden structures, boxes and containers. The nail holder is an indispensable tool for movers, carpenters, other technical workers and private developers at home.

In addition to the main function, which is performed by the nail), there are also other functions: pulling nails with a flattened end with a slot, breaking asphalt, ice and fatty soil, raising various objects, opening boxes and other surfaces fastened with nails using a pointed end. One-piece profile, which is equipped with a nail-breeder, successfully removes building materials.

Design of nail

The nail is a lever-wedge adaptation manual type To pull out the nails driven into the material. A novel is produced in the form of independent instrument Or a tool that is combined with such instruments, like scrap or hammer, as in the photo of nails.

The nail - this is a curved metal wedge, which is divided by a working groove that is intended for the capture process and retaining under the procedure for pulling the nail for the "hat" from the material. The effect of the nail is based on the effects of the wedge on the surface - the fastening element and the material in which the fastener is clogged, and on the principle of the lever when pulling out the nail. The principle of the lever man uses since ancient times when it was necessary to break a piece of stone, lift a heavy item, which required non-hearth efforts.

This construction tool in one of its end has a curved unpleasant platform with a slot, which is expanding, and on the other - there is a direct pointed count. The second end is often simply flattened and sharpened. Depending on the requirements for the tool, the nail holder happens different sizes. Also varies and the price of nails presented on the market. The length of the nails varies within 320 - 1000 millimeters, and the weight is 0.6 - 4 kilograms. Choosing the size of this construction tool depends directly from the size of the nails with which it will work.

Most hammers that are equipped additional feature Dergach for nails, equipped with a rubber handle, thanks to which they are clamped in the palm of the palm. For increased strength of nails, heat treatment of high carbon steel is also used, which is a conventional tool material. There are also nails with wood handle and iron tip. But it is not recommended to be carried away by a variety of form factors, in the tool for extracting nails, the main surface of the blade, which is supplied under the Hat, and its strength level.

Making a nail-made hand

Any owner is a good novelter required no less than a saw, hammer or ax. Therefore, it is useful to know how to make a nail-holder at home. We offer you to make a set of three nails, which will help you pull out any nails and fasteners.

A nail to pull out small nails is best made from steel with a large carbon content so that its work part can be handled. To do this, take the steel wire with a thickness of 0.5 millimeters, then on the anvil straighten it and unlock the working end.

Make a shallow cutting with a hacksaw along the axis, treat the edges of the propilted supphyl. Cognize the work part of the tool in the vice. It is customary to make a bend in two receptions: first in place where the harvest is thicker, and then closer to the work end. Remove small dents that were formed from the vice, a file. Then handle the work part of the tool with the skin and, if possible, polish with a polishing paste.

It remains to make hardening with future holidays. The working part of the instrument after this manipulation is seized again and polish. Get the resulting workpiece on the handle. A nail-made hand for small nails is ready!
Nail-holders for large and medium nails are made made from reinforcing steel. Just remember that the work part does not need to plot. All coarse processing pre-swipe on the emery circle.

Handles like nails are not required. To pull out a regular nail long nail, it is necessary to put various items under its base, for example, a piece of the board, which is not very convenient. Improve your nail, welding the additional part at a distance of 6 centimeters from the working.

Using homemade nails

Now you should learn how to properly apply a nail-made, manufactured at home. Enjoy this tool simply enough. Depending on the diameter of the nail, it is necessary to choose from a set of the appropriate homemade nail-cutter and sweep a pre-wedge part of the tool with a hammer under the Hat.

When the nail into the slot of the working part will enter, bring the handle towards the wood - the nail out of the hole will be released. Place the low bar in order to rest in it. The nail after that will come out a little. Now you can grasp his cap by passats.

pistine, as it were, a compressible spring, then the compression is quite sufficient. If after the first achievement of the position of V. M. T. Piston will remain in this position, and you will not feel any spring strength, then such a couple, as a rule, will not work. In this case, you need to choose a piston larger diameter Or fade up its side surface. This method of determining the state of the piston pair is approximate, estimated, and it depends on the experience of the defining and state of the pair itself.

If you have a "tight" piston pair, that is, part of each other with excessive tension, and therefore, and unnecessary friction losses, it can be improving its geometry by ticking, using the piston itself - turn it 180 ° (Fig. 4).

When ticking the sleeve and piston, we recommend using the priorhair paste with the grain size 3-8 of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Mutual grapple (rotation of the piston and cylinder sleeve in different directions with a pronerous paste applied on them) produce only to the height of the releases and the counterpart. According to this method, the trigger is performed manually. When the lower part of the piston starts freely to enter the upper edge of the release channel, you can stop the tilt, and the piston itself, the hole under the finger, the rod and the sleeve is thoroughly rinsed. If, after wiping the surface of the piston and the sleeve of pure writing paper on it, there are no traces of Pass or dark drills, it means that the washing can be finished. Pretty piston under its own weight should be freely moved to the upper edge of the exhaust window, while in the normal operating position. In this way, the piston and the sleeve will have reverse taper. This is necessary to create a closed hermetic volume only in the upper part of the sleeve and decline to a minimum of friction losses in the Phase of Pocus and Release.

Some engine power increase can be obtained by increasing the passage section of the bypass channel in the engine crankcase and polishing its surface (Fig. 5).

The engine will be better to work and in the event that it is well to test and polish the surface of the crankshaft crankshaft channel (Fig. 6), as well as to improve the location of the overrussion window to the channel, its bay epoxy resin Or sprinkled.

Thus, the engine type "Meteor" is thus improved, you significantly improve its launchers, increase the power and speed. Similar improvements are also suitable for other types of engines. Just consider them constructive features, inlet and purge systems.

Yu Golubev, House young technicians named after P. I. Baranova, Moscow

Cutting worm gears. When building models, it happens, a worm pair with a strictly defined intercentrose distance is required. Cut these gears can be very simply an ordinary toll, Kan is shown in the figure. This is what Moskvich A. Aerrov.

Homemade nails. A good nail is needed no less than an ax, saw, Rubanon or a hammer. We offer you a set of three nails that you can pull out any nails.

The nail-holder for pulling out small nails is best to make from steel with enough carbon content - steel 45, u7, u8 so that the working part of the tool can be handled. Take

steel wire

05 mm, straighten it on anvil, and turn the working end slightly. Make a shallow cutting along the axis. The edges of the cut down to handle the apple. The work part of the tool is bent in vice. Bend make in two receptions. Initially where the workpiece is thicker and then closer to the work end. Small dents from vice remove the file. Then the work part of the tool is treated with a skin and, if possible, polish polishing paste. It remains to hold Zak / Shu with the subsequent release (read about this operation in the Metalist directory).

After quenching and recovery, to the work part of the tool once again, polish and polish. Get the resulting workpiece to the handle - the novelter is ready (Damn 1).

Nail-holders for medium and larger nails are made of reinforcing steel. It is not necessary to plush the work part. All pre-coarse treatment swipe on the emery circle. These nails do not need handles, (features 2- 4).

Use the tool simply. Depending on the diameter of the nail from a ready-made kit, pick up the appropriate nail and pick up the wedge part of the tool under the Hat. COGD; A nail will go into a slot of the working part, serve a handle towards the wood - a nail will come out of the hole. Place the low bar, assure it into it. Nail will be released a little more. Now for his hat it is easy to grasp the passats.

From the reinforcement steel, you can make other tools (Fig. At the bottom).

T ki from pliers suggests to make Jura Philev from the village of Romanovna Yakutsk ASSR. In handles

jura's pliers drilled holes, inserted a long bolt with a bars nut and became in the gaps tool to clamp small parts.

Puff patch. When crossing cycling cameras can use the Council sent by Yura Zhukov from Kirov. From the old camera he cuts out rubber circle with a diameter of about 15 mm. Puts on it the same circle, carved from the folded twice of the insulating tape. Such a piping of Yura puts on a cleaned repaired section of the chamber and presses the hot iron. And in order not to spoil the polished surface of the iron, puts the sheet under it. After 8-10 minutes, the iron can be removed, and after twenty-minute drying, the camera can be screwed again on Noleso.

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Nail-holder

Cold chisel