Primroses, or primroses (Primula) - one of the first flowers that open the spring, accompany it, and then connect with summer. Interest in primroses does not fade away, so everyone new season we will definitely talk about them.

Today you rarely see a dacha without primroses. Most often, it all starts with a single plant, donated by March 8th. And then the desire to plant these beautiful flowers in the garden (and as many different varieties!) becomes intrusive. Flower after flower, more primroses are settling in your country house, and gradually you become a candidate for collectors of primroses, and then, possibly, for breeders.

After all, if you have several primroses, you can hardly resist the temptation to try to create a personal strain. Moreover, this is not at all difficult to do (the entire hybridization process is described in the article).

In Russia, primroses, according to garden statistics, are the most cultivated perennials from seeds! Every year, breeders create new varieties (which are often not registered, therefore they are unnamed), worthy of taking a place in the dachas. Such primroses are distributed through nurseries (for example, the Calico Garden) and private traders.

On our site there are true fans of primroses, and among them is the editor. More than one article on primroses was prepared by her with love for these flowers:

Garden groups of primroses

There is currently no generally accepted classification of primroses; allocate up to 23 groups or sections; the world assortment includes 400 species and thousands of varieties.

On the left is the primrose in my lens, on the right are the garden groups of primroses. Photo

The most simple and easy-to-use classification of primroses of the Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain (The Royal Horticultural Society), which identifies only 3 garden groups.

Group 1: candelabra or longline primroses

It includes: primrose Biss, item Bulley, item Japanese, their hybrids and varieties.

Primula of Biss, or primrose of Biss

Primula Biss (Primula beesiana syn.P. bulleyana)- deciduous or semi-evergreen rosette perennial up to 60 cm high and wide. It comes from the humid mountainous regions of China.

Leaves are large, up to 22 cm long. Flowers are small, up to 2 cm in diameter, white, yellow-orange, red-pink, collected in 8-16; bloom in the summer. Cultivation group 2 (we will talk in detail about the gradation on this basis a little later).

Bulley primrose, or Bulley primrose

Primula Bulley (Primula bulleyana)- up to 60 cm high and wide. Leaves up to 30 cm.

Flowers from cream to orange, collected in 5 pieces in 5-7 inflorescences-curls, bloom in summer. She is also from China, from the slopes of the mountains. Cultivation group 2.

Japanese primrose, or Japanese primrose

Japanese primrose (Primula japonica)- originally from the humid regions of Japan.

Height and width about 45 cm. Leaves up to 25 cm. Flowers up to 2 cm in diameter, from red-purple to white, 5-25 pieces in 1-6 curls; bloom in late spring - summer. Cultivation group 2.

Group 2: auricula, or auricular primroses

This group includes: ear primrose (Primula auricula) with thick bluish pubescent leaves (shaped like auricle) and inflorescences of bright and pastel flowers, n. hairy (P. hirsuta), their numerous varieties and series.

Let us dwell only on the larger gradations - three subgroups of primroses of auriculums:
1."Alpines" (alpine)- flowers of a monochromatic color (light at the edge, more saturated in the middle).

Among them, there are 2 more sub-subgroups:

• with a golden center and red, brown, orange petals;
• with a creamy or white center and creamy, purple or blue petals.

These primroses are ideal for growing in open ground.

Primrose from the "Alpine" category. Photo from the site barnhaven.com

2. "Borders"- more powerful than the previous ones: the peduncles are strong, the flowers of bright colors are collected in large inflorescences, resistant to rain. Luxurious primroses for spring flower gardens.

Primrose from the "Borders" category, cultivar "Viennese Waltz". Photo from the site chilternseeds.co.uk

3. "Shows"- mostly potted. The most capricious auricles.

Primrose from the "Shows" category, cultivar "Slioch". Photo from ashwoodnurseries.com

Auricula primroses cultivation groups: 1, 2 or 5.

It is interesting:
In Great Britain, where primrose has been grown for over 400 years and is loved for its beauty and endurance, there is the Royal Society of Auricul Primrose Lovers. The British made them a collector's item of passion, and even a part of British heritage. The best collections of auriculums belonged to kings, and the presence of rare varieties among the courtiers automatically increased the status of their owner. Due to the value of the mealy plaque (farina), in the rainy climate of foggy Albion, they are grown under a canopy or in cold greenhouses.

Hairy primrose, or hairy primrose

Hairy primrose (Primula hirsuta, syn.P. rubra)- a fairly compact evergreen primrose native to the Pyrenees, Alps.

Up to 10 cm in height, grows in breadth up to 25 cm. An effective rosette of leaves, each of which is up to 8 cm long. Flowers are saucer-shaped, mauve, with a white eye; 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, collected in umbellate inflorescences up to 15 pieces; bloom in late spring - early summer. Cultivation groups 1, 2 or 4.

Group 3: primrose-polyanthus primroses

This group includes 2 subgroups:
1. Polyanthus primroses... These are complex hybrids with flowers of various colors, which are called so - polyanthus, multiflorous or Victorian primroses ( Primula Polyanthus Group). Plus high primrose hybrids ( Primula elatior hybrids). Cultivation groups 1, 2, 4, or 6.

On the left is the polyanthus primrose in my lens, on the right is the Crescendo high series primrose. Photo from the site russellwholesale.com

2. This subgroup of primroses includes: common primrose, item Julia, item spring, their varieties.

Spring primrose, or spring primrose

Spring primrose (Primula veris) Is a plant of dry forest lawns, edges of deciduous forests, birch forests of Central and Southern Europe. Very variable (changeable) species.

It is up to 25 cm high and wide.The leaves are petiolar, wrinkled, up to 20 cm long.The flowers are bright yellow, with an orange eye, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, fragrant, collected from 2 to 16 in one-sided umbrellas on high peduncles (10 -30 cm); bloom in April-May. There is garden forms with flowers of red, cream and other colors, two-tone and double. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Suitable for decorating the most inconvenient spring corners of summer cottages. Prefers calcareous soils.

An interesting seasonal, or phenological gradation of primroses, which, according to the flowering time, can be divided into 3 large groups.

Early flowering primroses

Flowering begins in March and ends in May. The very first of them to bloom high primrose, P. Julia and P. pink.

Primula of Julia, or primrose of Julia

Primula Julia (Primula juliae) miniature and charming, 7 cm high, up to 25 cm wide. She comes from the Eastern Transcaucasia.

Primula Julia cultivar "Theodora"

The leaves are ovate-rounded, large-crowned along the edge, up to 10 cm long. The flowers are violet-lilac, purple, with a yellow eye, up to 3 cm in diameter, located 1 each on thin pedicels; there is a white-flowered form. Cultivation group 1, 2, or 4. With a lack of moisture, sheds leaves. Suitable for use as a ground cover plant.

Primrose pink, or primrose pink

Primula pink (Primula rosea) Is a deciduous rosette perennial native to Afghanistan, Nepal.

Up to 20 cm in height and width; leaves up to 20 cm long, young ones are bronze-red. The flowers are pink-red, with a yellow eye, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, collected in 4-12 umbellate inflorescences. Cultivation group 2.

Large assortment of primroses different types and varieties you can find in our catalog, combining offers from various garden online stores. ...

Primroses- one of the most popular and favorite plants among our florists. In nature, these flowers can be found almost throughout the Eurasian continent in temperate latitudes, in humid areas of high mountains.

But, like all plants, primrose has the ability to adapt to other growing conditions, so for more than one century it has been successfully cultivated by gardeners around the world, including Russia.

Primrose description

Primrose primrose- one of the most diverse and widespread early flowering plants. There are up to 550 species in total. Most often it is a perennial, herbaceous or semi-shrub culture, but there are both annual and biennial primroses.

The underground part of the primrose is a rhizome with roots. The leaves are always collected in a small basal rosette, but they can take on a variety of shapes - lanceolate, oblong-oval, oval.

Considering species diversity primroses, leaves can have an uneven surface, or a dense, leathery texture. The leaves can live either only for one season, dying off after the first frost, or winter under the snow cover and come to life for the new season.

Primrose flowers have a tubular structure with bipartite or solid petals.

Primrose color have the most diverse, there are monochromatic, two-color and tricolor plants. Breeders bred terry primroses... Flowers often have a peephole. Peduncle without leaves, gives one or more flowers, collected in spherical, umbrella-shaped or pyramidal inflorescences.

Primrose gives fruits in the form of seed bolls... Seeds in capsules are small, dark brown, cylindrical or spherical in shape. The flowering period is spring. There are species that bloom in summer.

Useful properties of primrose

Even the ancient Greeks appreciated medicinal properties of primrose (primrose), and this is not surprising. The root system of this plant is part of the drugs of the diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant spectrum of action, which help to start the processes of excretion of phlegm from the respiratory tract.

Decoctions of primrose roots are used in folk medicine for insomnia, decoctions of leaves are used for vitamin deficiency, neurosis, headache, tinctures for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, skin rashes.

The agricultural technology of growing this crop is not so difficult. In this article, we want to tell you about how to grow primrose in open ground in and in the garden... We will not dwell on the description of this early flowering family; you can read about the varieties and types of primroses in.

Growing primrose outdoors

Where is the best place to plant primroses

First of all, you should decide on a place for planting primroses... Regardless of the variety and the place of their natural growth, in our natural conditions, professional flower growers for primroses recommend shaded areas of the garden under deciduous trees(or pears) or shrubs, flower beds and hills, which are not exposed to the afternoon sun, wet coastal areas of water bodies.

Requirements for moisture and soil for planting primroses

Moisturizing

The soil for primroses should be loose and moisture-consuming.... In other words, primroses should receive a large amount of moisture, but the liquid should not stagnate and overmoisten the soil.

V spring, in April-May, moisture should be most intense, because in nature, during the melting of snow in the mountains, primroses literally drown in water. Often, in our conditions, there is little rain at this time, so make sure that the primroses do not dry out, otherwise the plants will weaken and lose their decorative qualities.

Helpful advice: Cultivars such as Siebold's primrose are best grown by immersing their root system 1 to 2 cm in water.

The soil

Regardless of where the ancestors of your primrose grew before, and mountain crevices with poor soils, or along mountain rivers, or among alpine meadows with rich fertile soils, in the garden culture primroses should be provided with loose, well-watered soils - light and clayey. Such soil retains nutrients, is well saturated with moisture and drains it quickly enough.

If your site has heavy clay soil, this drawback can be easily eliminated by adding 1 sq. M. To it. landing area:

• buckets of sand,
• chopped sphagnum moss,
• vermiculite,
• 2 kg or decayed silage.

The easiest way to do this is to remove 20 cm of the topsoil from the area and replace it with a suitable nutrient mixture. In a year, in the fall, it will be sufficient to apply only mineral potash-phosphorus fertilizers to such soil.

Lack of light soils in low content nutrients... Such soils are enriched with:

• 5 kg of old humus,
• 10 kg of leaf (compost) soil,
• 5 kg of old peat,
• 20 g of phosphorus-potassium and 15 g of nitrogen fertilizers

per 1 sq. m of landing area.

Primrose care

These plants do not need special care. The main thing is to provide required amount moisture and sufficient air flow to the root system of primrose... To maintain the correct nutrient level, remember to regularly get rid of weeds.

Top dressing primroses

During the growing season primroses should be fed three times per season potash-phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer regularly.

• First introduction mineral fertilizers do in early spring.
• The second time - after 14-21 days.
• The third time is in July.

All this time, do not forget to add slurry to the primrose bushes (mullein, horse or sheep manure), and in the fall you should enrich the place where you grow primroses with a 3 cm layer of nutrient substrate to a depth of 15-20 cm.

To preserve moisture, ensure aeration of the root system and prevent abundant germination of weeds, planting primroses is mulched with gravel with a layer of 5 cm. In addition, it will serve as an excellent decorative addition to the planting of primroses.

Helpful advice: To extend the flowering period of primroses, regularly pick off dried flowers.

Like all plants, primroses tend to grow... After 3-4 years, they can grow so much that they will be forced to crowd each other and bloom poorly. Therefore, in order to provide the primroses with normal conditions for development and the nutritional properties of the substrate, the bushes of plants should be divided and planted. It will be better if you not only plant the overgrown bushes, but also transfer the entire flower garden with primroses to another place.

Perennial plantings of primroses need protective shelter on winter period... First of all, it is important to preserve the leafy primrose rosette until autumn - this is the natural protection of the plant from the winter cold.

Helpful advice: The rosette of such varieties of primroses as Japanese, Florinda and Small-toothed does not preserve all, only 3-4 leaves are left, this significantly reduces the likelihood of primrose disease with root collar and leaf rot, and also allows the plant to form larger and brighter flowers by spring.

Mulching for the winter is easiest to do at the end of autumn with a 10 cm layer of woody foliage.

Diseases and pests of primroses

Most often primroses are susceptible to the following diseases:

• rust,
• rot of the ground part,
• bacterial leaf spot,
• powdery mildew,
• anthracnose,
• jaundice,
• viruses and cucumber mosaic,

From pests often there is a defeat:

• nematodes,
• weevil,
• flea beetles,
• beetles, etc.

The biggest trouble primroses bring fungus ramularia cercosporella ... This is evidenced by the appearance in the last days of spring, first pale, and then brown spots with a yellow border on the leaves of the plant.

When fungi sporulation begins, and this usually occurs in the second half of July, the spots become covered with a whitish bloom. This leads to wilting and drying of the leaves, the cessation of flowering, the weakening of the plant.

To prevent such situations, regularly inspect primrose bushes. If you find affected leaves, remove and destroy them. Twice a year, immediately after flowering and in early spring treat planting primroses with the following compounds:

• 0.2% topsin, 2% foundationol, 1.5% cineb,

• 0.5% copper oxychloride, 1% bordeaux liquid.

In the fall, primroses should be sprayed with 1% nitrafen.

Interesting to know. Primrose Julia, Primrose Ordinary, Spring and High are most susceptible to this disease. The primrose Ushkovaya, primrose Pink, Pallas were more resistant to defeat by Ramularia with tserkosporella. Japanese primrose, Florinda and Fine-toothed primrose do not get sick with this fungus.

Reproduction of primroses

These plants can be propagated both vegetatively(dividing the bush, cuttings), and with the help seed.

Growing primroses from seeds

Seed and substrate requirements

Primroses give a ripe seed pod in the second half of summer. But when collecting seed, one should take into account the fact that primrose seeds very easily lose their germination... That's why for sowing, take only freshly harvested planting material.

Sowing primrose, in principle, can be at any time of the year, but in Middle lane we recommend that you do this from the end of February. Try to find the most suitable day for this with help. This way you will achieve the best germination of the seedlings and their normal development.

If you are going to sow primroses on your summer cottage into open ground, then wait until the snow melts and prepare boxes or containers for sowing by digging them into the ground. This will reduce the likelihood of losing seedlings. At the same time, you will have to monitor all the time so that the soil in the containers does not dry out, is not washed off by showers and is not damaged by various pets.

You can plant primroses in a similar way in summer period immediately after ripening seed pods, but then, to ensure normal seed germination during periods of summer drought, you will need large quantity planting material. Some growers sow primroses at the end of autumn. But the highest germination rate at seed reproduction primrose gives in the spring.

Sowing containers

The most suitable for this are mini-greenhouses or containers, at the bottom of which drainage holes are provided, with plastic, transparent lids. But you can use for this purpose any suitable container that allows you to equip a mini greenhouse for seeds. You can even take an ordinary plastic food container with drainage holes drilled in the bottom.

Sowing substrate

For most varieties of primrose, it is best to use a substrate., consisting of:

• 1/4 sod land,
• 1/2 leaf humus,
• 1/4 sand.

You can use a ready-made flower primer that is sold in stores. Just add 20-50% vermiculite and perlite or sphagnum moss to it if these components are not included in the mixture.

Fill containers with prepared substrate. It is possible, in the case of small seeds of Auricula, to make a thin upper layer from perlite. In this case, the soil should be slightly moistened with a spray bottle.

Sowing primroses seeds

Sowing of these plants is carried out on the soil surface at the rate of 5 grains per 1 sq. Cm of sown area. This can be done with a napkin on which the seeds are poured, or with a toothpick, after moistening its tip with water. The seeds need to be lightly pressed into the ground.

What is cold start and what is it for

In nature, many species of wild primroses grow at the base of glaciers. Therefore, in order to give amicable shoots, the seeds of primrose varieties such as Pink, Florinda, Japanese, Siebold, High and Lowered need cold start... This means that immediately after sowing, the containers are placed in the freezer (up to -10 degrees) or covered with snow for 3-4 weeks.

Primroses of Siebold and Vysoky after cold start should be germinated in a dark room until sprouts appear. We do not recommend amateur flower growers to deal with such varieties of primroses, leave it to experienced breeders. And here hybrid varieties such a procedure is unnecessary.

Germination of seedlings

Straight before sprouting Sun rays do not pose any particular problems for greenhouses. But as soon as you notice the first shoots, be sure to take care of primroses shading and regular soil moisture using a spray bottle or syringe without a needle. Just do not overdo it with watering, otherwise the seedlings will start to rot very quickly!

You should also proceed with gradual acclimatization of sprouts... This means that it is necessary to periodically ventilate the greenhouses, slowly increasing the ventilation time until the seedlings grow up and 2 fully formed leaves appear on them. Then you can already remove the transparent protective cover or film from the containers. During the period of intensive growth of seedlings, the frequency of watering is increased.

Note. In order to sprout, primroses planted in autumn will take 14-18 weeks, and seeds sown in spring will take only a month.

Dive seedlings

It is advisable to make a pick 2 or 3 times.... After 3 full-fledged leaves appear on young plants, they should be planted. Too thickened crops it makes sense to dive earlier in order to give them all the opportunity to develop normally. In this case, this procedure is best done with tweezers so as not to damage the delicate immature plant.

Do a dive every time the seedlings grow strongly.

You can transplant seedlings directly into the soil of the greenhouse, or into specially prepared boxes, and plant small varieties at a distance of 15 cm from each other, the distance between large primroses- up to 30 cm. At the same time, try to ensure that there is no free space between the leaves of neighboring primroses, this is unfavorable for them.

To a permanent place of growth primroses are planted only in the second year of life in spring or autumn. Plants show their decorative properties, as a rule, in the third year of life.

How to conserve seed

In case of unfavorable weather conditions in winter time your primroses may freeze or dry out. So that there are no empty spaces in the flower garden, you should always have a supply of fresh seeds from last year's collection. These seeds are stored, mixed with sand, in a refrigerator or basement.

Reproduction of primroses by dividing the bush

You can start this procedure not earlier than after 3-5 years of primroses cultivation- in early spring, or from the second half of July. Try not to plant primroses later than the first half of September, otherwise, not yet matured plants may freeze and lose their decorative qualities or even die.

It's important to know... Plant primroses that bloom in summer in spring.

In order to plant a plant, it is watered abundantly, gently dug up, carefully shake off a clod of earth from the roots and washed the roots in water. So it will be much more convenient for you to separate the bushes and at the same time injure the plant as little as possible.

Then they divide the bush into arbitrary parts with a knife, but it should be borne in mind that there should be at least one renewal bud in the cuttings. Slices must be processed, then as quickly as possible, without drying out, the cuttings must be planted in a new place. Once the plants are planted in the ground, they should be watered and preferably labeled with the variety name and breeding date.

It will be better if you plant the cuttings in such a way that there is no free area between the foliage of the outlets, so the plants will be able to protect themselves from drying out. For 2 weeks, the seedlings need daily watering. In case of breeding in the fall, do not forget to carry out protective mulching for the winter.

Propagation by cuttings

Propagation of primroses by cuttings carried out according to a technology similar to reproduction by dividing the bush. But not all types of primroses can be propagated in this way.

Auricula propagated by rooting of leafy cuttings. To do this, in the fall, several leaves are removed from the outlet and planted in a greenhouse, while the cutting should take root in 2-3 weeks. In the spring, plants are transplanted into open ground to a permanent place.

Serrated primrose easily propagated by root cuttings. For this procedure, the largest plants are suitable, from which several large thick roots are removed. In order for the root to form buds, in its upper part, make a longitudinal cut up to one and a half cm. After that, the cuttings should be planted in lightweight soil 3 cm deep. Next, we proceed as described above about leaf cuttings.

You can find out here.

Primrose in garden design in photographs

Curb along the garden path of primroses

Primrose in a flowerbed with daffodils

Flower bed with primroses

Perennial primrose is garden culture... People call it a primrose, a key, a talisman of happiness, a lamb or an Easter flower. Its buds are diverse and very beautiful. The plant is unpretentious, flowering is observed early. Thanks to all their positive qualities this flower has won the love of amateur gardeners and landscape designers.

Primula perennial photo

Primrose belongs to the Primroses family. This perennial culture blooms in early spring, but there are species that bloom closer to the middle and even the end of summer, and there are those that bloom twice a season! There are over 600 species in the wild. They are met all over Europe, Asia, America. Mostly they grow in forests, on plains, where the soil is moist, enriched.

Interesting!

Interesting! Primrose "Pochkolistnaya", "Yulia", "Berengiyskaya" and "Daryalskaya" are included in the Red Book of Russia.

About 200 plant species are popular in horticulture. Their main advantages: delicate aroma, beautiful flowers of various shapes, rapid reproduction and decorativeness of the leaves. Perennial primroses are popular as decorative crops in flower beds and flower beds. You can grow them not only in the garden, but also at home, in pots. Usually, flowers are transplanted into pots for the winter so that they give the first flowers in early spring.

Check out these articles as well

Types of garden primroses photo

There are a lot of varieties of primroses, it's difficult to list everything. Below are the most unusual and popular types.

« Ear primrose» has leathery, dense leaves of a rich, green color. Flowers up to 2 cm in diameter. The color depends on the subspecies. Famous varieties: General, Blue Vev, Gigantea, Jupp, Max.

"Pubescent" perennial primrose has a compact size. It grows in height up to 15 cm. Flowers are located on erect pedicels up to 15 cm high. Buds are collected in inflorescences of 5-15 pieces. Blooms from May to late June. Her main feature- frost resistance.

"Fine-toothed" primrose gives spherical, large inflorescences, consisting of a large number snow-white, lilac, burgundy or purple flowers with a diameter of 0.5-2.5 cm. In general, the inflorescence has a diameter of up to 10 cm. Peduncles are tall, about 23 cm. Flowering lasts from April to the end of June. Interestingly, the leaves of these primroses are covered with bloom and it is advisable not to allow water drops to fall on them! Varieties: "Alba", "Rubra", "Violet".

Important! To make the primroses bloom lush and long, it is recommended to loosen the ground under them well, moisten it, and in the spring feed it with Kemira fertilizer according to the instructions.

Florinda Primrose differs in long flowering from early June to late August. Its buds are bell-shaped. Loves humid areas, often grown near water bodies. For the winter, they need a compulsory shelter. Varieties: Race Ruby, Red Shades.

"Common primrose" or "stemless" has a short rhizome and a very short stem, hence the name. The leaves are lanceolate, large. Flowers are snow-white, pale yellow or purple, solitary, located on short pedicels. Petals are two-lobed. During the flowering period from March, it is covered with an abundance of colorful buds. Among the most popular varieties are Cerulea, Virginia and Giga White.

"Perennial Japanese primrose" characterized by late flowering- from June. Flowering period up to 40 days. The shape of the inflorescences is chandelier. The inflorescences stand on an elongated peduncle up to 40 cm high. Each inflorescence contains 5-7 buds. Each adult primrose on a peduncle can have up to 6 tiers. Varieties: Apple Blossom, Millers Crimson, Postford White.

Varieties of primrose photo

There are several breeding methods for primroses.

Cuttings. For this process, a longitudinal incision is made on top of the root, no more than 1.5 cm. It will provoke the appearance of a kidney. The cuttings are then planted in light soil, to a depth of 3 cm, and provided with traditional care.

It is possible to propagate a culture by seeds, but ineffectively. This method is usually used by breeders. Sow seeds immediately after ripening in open ground or containers. Seedlings appear in about 3 weeks, if the seeds are sown in the fall, and if in the spring, then 1-2 weeks later.

Interesting!

Interesting! According to ancient English legends, fairies and forest gnomes live in the buds of primroses.

By dividing the bush, perennial primrose reproduces quite often. This method is popular when you need to rejuvenate the bush. It is carried out for 3-5 years of crop growth, when the bush grows strongly. This is done after flowering or in August. The ground is well watered to make it easier to dig out the bush. When the bush is dug up, the soil is shaken off from the roots and the roots are washed in water. With a sharp knife, the bush is divided into the right amount parts so that each has a resume point. Sections are powdered with earth or ash. Now all that remains is to plant the delenki, and water regularly for the next 2 weeks.

Evening primrose: planting and care

Primroses prefer fertile, humus-rich soil. They can be planted in a sunny or shaded area (partial shade is preferable), although here it is best to focus on the features of the species and varieties of primrose, because they may have their own preferences in terms of the landing site.

Perennial primrose is usually planted in mid-spring, when the air temperature is set within + 14 ... + 16 degrees Celsius. This is usually April or May. If a flower is planted that used to grow at home, in a pot, you need to harden it on the street a week before planting. In the fall, primroses are usually planted that were sown the year before. The sowing of seeds itself is usually carried out in the fall, for the winter, so that by the spring the seeds will germinate.

Perennial primrose is planted in almost the same way as any other flower in open ground. Planting time is morning or evening, before the sun is at its most active. A distance of 15-20 cm is observed between flowers - depending on the species. In the process of growth, the bushes should practically intertwine, because these plants do not like much free space around - they need a little thickening. If planting is carried out in the fall or seeds are sown for the winter, it is important to mulch them from above so that they do not freeze out.

Photo garden primrose

Perennial garden primrose is undemanding to care, but in order to get beautiful flowers from year to year, you will have to make some efforts.

The plant is drought tolerant, but it is still desirable to maintain, if possible, normal humidity land. If the earthy ball dries out frequently, the plant may begin to ache.

During the active growing season, additional feeding is needed. In the case of open ground, simple manure is used. It is mixed with water and poured under the bushes about 3-4 times over the entire season, it can be less often if the culture is already magnificently growing and blooming.

For the prevention of diseases, the bush is usually not sprayed, but the ground around it is weeded. This allows you to protect it from rot and some other diseases. Treatment with chemicals or folk substances is usually carried out if the disease is detected.

When a primrose bush grows, its root system grows strongly, and roots may appear on the surface of the earth. So that this does not lead to the death of the bush once a year, it is worth adding a little soil under it, especially in autumn, before frosts or in summer in drought.

For the winter, the bushes need to be covered with a 10 cm layer of dry leaves so that they do not freeze, although, in general, this is a winter-hardy plant - it is not afraid of frost.

Primroses are incredibly beautiful flowers growing in a small bush. They can often be seen in flower beds or in the decor of stone hills, lawns. They are often decorated with garden paths, places near water bodies. Perennial primrose gets along well with irises, tulips, spiny phlox, daffodils.

One of the first spring plants blooming in the garden is a gentle primrose, planting and caring for which in the open field does not require too much effort and knowledge. From the Latin language, the name of this charming culture is translated as "first, early". The plant will delight lovers of flowering crops not only with early flowering, unpretentiousness, but also with a variety of bright and delicate colors.

it perennial... Primrose flowers not only look beautiful visually, but also have a pleasant aroma. There are about 500 varietal varieties of the plant, which allows flower growers and landscape designers to choose a suitable and effective variety. At the same time, some varieties of primrose begin to bloom with the first rays of the warm, spring sun, while others - only in the middle of summer.

In the wild, primrose can be found in the forests and mountainous regions of Eurasia and America. Some varieties of the flower are protected by the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Features of planting primrose in open ground

To the question of novice gardeners "When to plant primrose outdoors?" experienced summer residents unambiguously answer that primroses are planted in open ground both in spring and autumn. If the flower is planted in spring, then it is best to postpone planting until the last days of May.

It is also important to choose the right landing site. Better if it is a shaded area. You can choose a place under trees or bushes so that the direct rays of the sun do not fall on the flowers. However, in the northern regions, when planting, it is advisable to choose, on the contrary, a sunny area.

The soil for growing crops must be loose, drained and breathable. Stagnant moisture is dangerous for the plant. Clay soil is also suitable for planting crops. If the soil is too heavy, then it is recommended to add sand, manure to it. Vermiculite or crushed sphagnum moss is also suitable. The reaction of the soil requires slightly acidic or neutral.

If large varieties are planted, then it is recommended to leave a distance of about 25 cm between them. If compact, then at least 15 cm.However, there should be no extra space and gaps between the bushes, primroses prefer thickened plantings.

The photo shows perennial primrose... Planting in the ground is carried out using seedlings of this culture. Growing from seed is a long and difficult process. Usually on garden plot seedlings are planted no earlier than two years after the first shoots appear.

Features of primrose care

Primrose is an unpretentious perennial plant. She is able to endure both drought and excessive exposure to the rays of the sun, but you should not neglect the rules of planting and leaving.

When caring for a garden primrose, you need to follow a number of recommendations that will help grow a healthy, abundantly flowering culture:

Planting primroses outdoors is possible in Siberia and other regions with a harsh climate. Plant care is not much different there. However, it is better to plant the plant in the sun there, and in winter it is necessary to protect the culture from freezing. Dry leaves are suitable for shelter.

Primrose in garden design

Landscape designers love primrose for its bright and showy blooms and excellent compatibility with others. flowering crops... While creating landscape compositions the timing of flowering of plants should be taken into account.

Culture partners can be:

• daffodils;
• peonies;
• periwinkle;
• astilba;
• spring navel;
• host;
• other.

Evening primrose can be a decoration garden ponds where they are in perfect harmony with daylilies, water lilies and swamp forget-me-nots. Also primroses are suitable for creating rockeries and rock gardens. Planting primrose near low-growing conifers is also an excellent option.

Even planted next to greenery, for example, with sorrel, primrose looks more than impressive due to its bright, variegated flowers.

Primula is a primrose that attracts the attention of the florist and landscape designer. Planting and caring for primrose will not be difficult, and bright, but at the same time delicate spring flowers will not leave you without a pleasant impression.

Video about planting primrose in open ground

- a welcome guest of many gardens. At correct fit, skillful cultivation, reproduction and care from early spring in the open field on your site will spread a bright carpet. Make it from varieties different shades that this primrose is rich in.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

Herald of Spring, the first plant in the garden is the primrose. Planting and caring for it requires knowledge and skills, since different varieties have different requirements. In total, primrose has about 500 species, not counting varieties and hybrids. They are classified in different ways, distinguishing sections and groups.

Of all the variety in landscape design, the following primroses are most often used:

• high - grows up to 30 cm;

• fine-toothed - with a ball-shaped inflorescence;
• polyanthus - with corrugated leaves.

The palette of primrose shades is very diverse: white-yellow, blue-yellow, raspberry-yellow, etc.

Planting a plant

The best place for primroses is in a shady area. But some alpine species do well in the sun. The soil should be acidic or slightly alkaline. In heavy soil, you need to add sand and organic matter.

The well should be watered before planting. Depending on the size of the variety, the distance between the bushes is from 15 to 30 cm. There should be no gaps between the sockets. The soil near the plant is compacted and watered.

Advice. Plant primrose in cool, cloudy weather. The plant should not be in bloom.

Plant care

The soil around the primrose should be moist at all times. Watering frequency is 2 times a week, more on hot days. Avoid getting moisture on the leaves. Make sure that the water does not stagnate: primrose can rot.

The soil must be dry before wintering. The plant itself is covered with leaves in the fall, with a layer of at least 10 cm.If the primrose roots are slightly exposed, add earth. Remove weeds and loosen the soil regularly.

Attention! Study the properties of the species you want to grow. The peculiarities of planting and care will depend on this.

Fertilizing and feeding primrose

During the dormant period, when the primrose does not bloom, fertilization is not necessary. Feed the plants 2-3 times per season:

1. In early spring - a mineral complex.
2. Use organic in June.
3. Add ammonium nitrate in August.

The last dressing can be replaced with superphosphate and potassium. They are believed to increase the winter hardiness of primroses. For 10 liters of water, take 20 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium. You can use these fertilizers during other dressings.

Breeding primrose

Usually this perennial primrose is bred using seeds, rosettes or dividing a bush.

Reproduction by rosettes(cuttings). In May-June, cut the rosettes with pieces of root and plant them in a shaded garden. Root them in a permanent location the following spring.

Reproduction by dividing the bush. It is required in early spring or summer for 3-5 years of primrose life, since by this time the bush usually grows. The root must be divided into parts with rosettes or buds. Before transplanting, the bush needs watering. Do not let it dry out during the entire procedure.

Reproduction by seeds. The most difficult way that requires knowledge and skills. Primrose is sown in open ground:

• in the spring. In February, seedlings are planted in a greenhouse, they are transferred to the site when the snow melts;
• summer. The seeds are planted as soon as they ripen in capsules. When planting and nursing during this period, it is important to monitor the sufficient amount of moisture;
• in October-December. Sowing in winter is considered the most effective.

Advice. If you are sowing primrose for seedlings, pre-soak the seeds in the cold. When sowing directly into open ground, this can often be avoided, but it all depends on the variety.

Diseases and pests

One of the disadvantages of this primrose is its susceptibility to numerous diseases. Most often, primrose suffers from:

Of the pests, the primrose is annoyed:

Advice. If any diseases and pests are found, damaged plants are better not just removed, but burned. Preventive care of the rest of the bushes is to treat them with a solution copper sulfate or bordeaux liquid.

Perennial primrose: combination with other plants

This primrose looks good under tall bushes. Harmonious in combination with ferns, heucheras. Dwarf conifers make a good company to him. You can create a picturesque ensemble of primrose and marigold, soapwort (saponaria), ornamental cereals.

This plant gets along well with other primroses. Gets along without problems with, muscari,. When landing, you can experiment with colors, for example, combine pink primrose with purple weigela or barberry leaves. Yellow or orange flowers will be well set off by the nearby Heuchera, for example, the "Caramel" variety.

Perennial primrose in landscape design

Due to its brightness and color variety, perennial primrose is actively used in landscape design. By combining different varieties, you can create a beautiful bright flower bed... It will bloom from April until the end of summer. Decorate the lawn with these primroses, or.

You can decorate ponds with primrose, creating small neat compositions. Specialists in landscape design it is recommended to plant a plant along garden paths and in ridges (narrow flower beds rectangular), near fences and fences. Often this primrose is grown not only in the open field, but also in flowerpots or containers. They are placed near the gazebos, near the entrance, etc.

Having planted a primrose, you can no longer imagine your site without this magnificent primrose. A huge selection of varieties and colors will awaken your imagination and desire to create, inspiring you to create unique compositions in your garden.

Primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of perennial primrose: photo