Perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not require much time and effort - one of the most common types of perennial herbaceous plants, which can be both deciduous and perennial. Another widespread name is primrose: it is believed that with the beginning of flowering of primrose, real spring comes. But the British believe that primroses are the dwellings of little gnomes and fairies. Another name for primrose is keys. One legend says that the apostle Peter once dropped the keys to Paradise. Having fallen to the ground, they sprouted - and this is how amazingly beautiful flowers appeared, hence the name.

Varieties of garden primrose: variety of species

Perennial garden primrose has about 500 species, of which about 76 can be grown in our latitudes. Among this set, we note the most popular among gardeners:

• common primrose- or domestic stemless - one of the most common species, with strongly corrugated, bright green leaves. Flowers - yellow, white, red-burgundy, blue-purple - collected in the center of a leafy rosette on short stalks

• primrose medicinal- also known as spring primrose, large-cup primrose, rams, God's stream. The leaves are ovoid and are collected in a basal rosette. One (several) stems grow from the rhizome, on which small, golden-yellow, fragrant flowers with a tubular corolla are collected in an umbrella inflorescence. The flowers and leaves of primrose officinalis contain flavonoids and ascorbic acid, essential oil, saponins, carotenes and vitamin C. Infusion and decoction of the leaves can be used as a remedy for chronic fatigue, vitamin deficiency, anemia, in the absence of appetite, as well as gout and scurvy, it is actively used in the treatment of laryngitis, bronchitis, whooping cough and pneumonia.

• high primrose - it differs from other species in wrinkled leaves, which are collected in a basal rosette. Peduncle - high, up to 30 cm, topped with light yellow flowers 2 cm in diameter. Flowering begins in late April and lasts 40-45 days. The tall primrose has many varieties: Kolosea (crimson flowers with a yellow pharynx), Alba (white flowers), Cerua (a dark blue flower with a yellow pharynx), Rosea (a dark pink flower with a bright yellow pharynx)

• polyanthus primrose- a complex hybrid based on a tall primrose. It features attractive corrugated leaves and a variety of colors. The flowers are large, 5-6 cm in diameter, collected in 5-15 pieces per inflorescence 15-30 cm high. The beginning of flowering occurs in mid-May and lasts until the end of June. Polyanthus primroses are very unstable to frost, therefore, they require mandatory shelter for the winter.

• ear - an evergreen look, the leaves are dark green, leathery, dense, with a mealy bloom, round or lanceolate, slightly toothed along the edge. Flowers are yellow, up to 2 cm in diameter. Its hybrids are much more decorative, in which flowers can have 3-4 colors (white, green, yellow, dark chestnut, red), located in regular circles, while the center is almost always yellow. Inflorescences - umbrellas, located on peduncles reaching 10-25 cm in height

• obkonika - it is more often than other types grown at home. The leaves are on long stalks, heart-shaped, wavy, rounded, rough at the edges. Flowers - up to 4 cm in diameter, on long peduncles, usually pink, white or red, purple or blue shades are much less common.

Primrose in landscape design

Some gardeners, apparently taking the name "primrose" too literally, consider primroses to be exclusively spring flowers. In fact, the variety of varieties allows you to choose a combination for flowerbed that they take turns, replacing each other, will bloom from early April to early August.

To add attractiveness and color to the site, primroses of varieties with bright colors are placed along garden paths... Primroses in a rabat will look good, they can be planted in a motley group on the lawn, often primrose bushes are used for decoration rocky hills and corners. Fragrant Alpine or Sikkim primroses are used for planting around artificial small bodies of water... Primroses are well suited for different garden compositions, they go wonderfully with hosts, ferns, astilbe and dwarf conifers... They make a good company for short irises, spiny phlox, daffodils, soapwort, tulips and muscari.

To create borders, serrated primroses, auricular and polyanthus primroses are well suited - of small height, they will look great around flower arrangements or flower beds, without covering them at the same time. For an alpine garden, the best primroses will be auricular primroses, for which the additional drainage inherent is very suitable. At the base of a rockery or an alpine slide (against the background of stones), a high, fine-toothed, Japanese or ear primrose, Julia's primrose will look good.

Low species and varieties of primroses are planted in dense groups, so that the soil is not visible under them. For group plantings, it is better to use polyanthus primroses, common primrose, tall primrose, Julia primrose.

Seed reproduction- the most troublesome, primrose seeds are very small, you must not miss the moment when the capsules open. When propagated by seeds, the signs of the original, maternal seedlings do not necessarily remain, but on the other hand, you can get plants that are unexpected in color of flowers. In addition, primrose seeds quickly lose their germination - it is better to sow the collected seeds immediately or in the same year (in this case, it is better to keep the seeds in the cold before planting). Seeds are sown no deeper than 5 mm, the first shoots (depending on the species) appear in 4-6 weeks, while germination can be very uneven. Plants dive after the appearance of the first two true leaves. The grown seedlings are planted after the end of the spring frost.

The spring flower, also known as primrose, is capable of blooming even before the snow completely melts. Thanks to this feature, the plant has attracted the close attention of many landscape designers and amateur flower growers. A perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not take much time and effort, captivates with the spring attractiveness of bright inflorescences against the background of nature that has not yet awakened.

Each gardener or gardener has a plot that is unsuitable for further cultivation of crops on it, in their opinion. However, an unpretentious primrose can fully develop in such territories, delighting the owner with spring paints. And although the beauty of the primrose is not able to overshadow the surrounding flowers, but it is able to give its flowers over a long period - from mid-spring to mid-summer, and sometimes twice during the growing season.

Planting flowers

Proper landing is the key successful cultivation plants.

Site and soil preparation

Different types of primrose have their own preferences: some like sunny areas, others - areas shaded by other plants, and others - damp shores of water bodies. The optimal solution will be planting culture in a shaded area or on the east side of the house, which will protect it from drying out by the scorching midday sun. If the planting of flowers is planned for the decoration of the rock garden, then the south side should be avoided.

Primrose prefers light, fertile soils with high humidity and good drainage system, preventing stagnation of water, in which the flower most of all needs in the phase of intensive development and flowering. In the case of severe depletion of the soil, additional enrichment with nutrients is carried out by introducing organic matter with a rate of 20 kg of a mixture of compost, humus and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 per 1 m2 and mineral fertilizers - 20 g of nitroammofoska per similar area.

How and when to plant?

Planting of perennial primrose in the garden is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of development. Compact varieties are seated with a distance of 15 cm between specimens, and large species are located 20 cm from each other.

Important! The bushes should be planted in such a way that, when the planting growth is completed, they close together: the primrose has a negative attitude towards excess space.

Landing rules

Planting primrose is carried out, as a rule, by seedlings, for which you must follow the instructions:

1. In early February, seeds purchased in a specialized store are distributed over the surface of a moistened soil mixture consisting of leafy soil, sand and peat in a 2: 1: 1 ratio, so that there are up to 5 pieces per 1 cm2.
2. The dishes with the crops are covered with polyethylene and placed in a freezer with a temperature of up to -10 ° C.
3. After 3-4 weeks, the container with the frozen seeds is mixed on the windowsill, where it is shaded from the direct sun.
4. A week after the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed.
5. When seedlings, which are characterized by slow growth, form two pairs of true leaves, the seedlings dive into the boxes with tweezers

Important! Primrose from seeds is planted in the garden only after two years of growing in boxes.

Perennial garden primrose care

Primrose does not need much care. However, in order for a flower to delight its owner with flowers for a long period, it is required to adhere to the basic agrotechnical requirements for growing primroses in the open field.

Watering

The culture needs a constantly moist soil. V spring abundant watering is carried out once a week. In hot periods, the frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used doubles - 1 m2 is irrigated with three liters of liquid.

Top dressing

Soil enrichment with nutrients is an integral part of complete care. During the growing season, primrose is fed weekly with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers with a concentration half as much as indicated on the package.

Advice! To avoid the build-up of green mass instead of the formation of flowers, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers should alternate with the introduction of potassium and phosphorus.

Flower transplant

Primrose is a highly growing plant, therefore it needs a systematic transplant every 4-5 years, during which the bush is divided.

Protection from pests and diseases

Since primrose is cultivated on moist soils in partial shade, it is prone to fungal diseases in the form of powdery mildew, rot, rust, and bacterial spots. When manifestations of fungal diseases are detected, fungicide treatments are carried out, and in the case of bacterial diseases, the affected specimens are destroyed. Of the pests on primrose, aphids are noted, spider mite, weevils, fleas, which can be dealt with by spraying the plantings with an insecticidal preparation.

Preparing for winter

After flowering is complete, the soil under the primroses is loosened and cleared of weeds, after which the flowers are left alone. In the autumn, the culture begins to build up the green mass, which serves as a natural shelter for the flowers in the winter.

Reproduction

The seed method is not the only one possible way breeding primrose. The flower can be propagated by vegetative methods - cuttings, dividing the bush and rooting shoots.

Dividing the bush

After the bush reaches three years old, as a rule, you can start dividing it. However, there are exceptions: some varieties reproduce using this method only after five years of age. The optimal time for dividing the bush is early spring or autumn - the periods before or after the flowering phase.

When carrying out the procedure, the following algorithm should be followed:

• The plant is carefully dug up, and its root system cleared of soil residues.
• The rhizome is divided with a sharp knife into parts, each of which should have 2-3 roots and a leafy rosette.
• Places of cuts are sprinkled with wood ash as an antiseptic.
• After the separated parts of the rhizome are planted in the garden.
• In spring division, each new plant is watered daily for 12-14 days.
• If the procedure is carried out in the fall, young specimens take refuge even before the onset of severe cold snaps.

Propagation by cuttings

When using this method, the largest primrose bush is selected, from which, after being removed from the soil, parts with developed roots are separated.

Then:

• The tops of the cuttings are cut longitudinally to accelerate the rate of bud growth.
• Prepared cuttings are planted in open ground to a depth of 4 cm.

Rooting

In the case when the plant does not have a formed root system and fully developed rosettes, the rooting method is the most suitable way of reproduction.

For a successful conduct, you need to perform the following steps:

• From the very base of the rhizome, a leaf petiole with ⅓ part of the leaf plate is separated.
• The shoot is planted in a container filled with a substrate of leafy earth and sand in equal parts.
• The pot is transferred to a room with a large amount of diffused light and a temperature regime of 16-18 ° C.

When a shoot is formed from the bud, the plant moves to the garden, provided the weather conditions permit it.

Application in landscape design

The variety of species and varieties of primroses, as well as the ease of cultivation, contribute to its growing popularity among landscape designers, some of whom prefer primroses over tulips or daffodils. After all, if you choose the right varietal composition, a flower garden can delight the owner with flowers from mid-spring to late summer.

Most often, primrose is used to decorate the following objects:

• The shores artificial reservoirs often decorated with moisture-loving primroses.
• Curbs and paths are organically set off with bright varieties.
• Rockeries and rockeries are also often decorated with primroses due to their undemanding ground and lighting.

So, garden primrose, being an undemanding flower, is the ideal crop for any garden plot... And the species diversity makes it possible to enjoy long flowering almost until the end of summer.

Primrose belongs to the genus - herbs, the Primroses family. Most of these flowers are rhizome. This flower is one of the first to bloom, during the first warm days.

Primrose, when planted in the garden, becomes a decoration of the space with its beautiful and bright flowers with a pleasant aroma.

Primroses are grown as ground cover plants, in flower beds, ridges, mixborders, alpine slides, next to curbs and for cutting, in street containers, on balconies and in pots indoors.

Perennial primrose grows into a low bush. These rhizome herbaceous plants bloom predominantly in the spring, although some species can also delight in flowers in the summer months.

The plant is compact, rarely reaching 30 centimeters, but there are exceptions reaching 50-90 centimeters in height.

The leaf rosette consists of petiolate, oblong, oval, lanceolate, sessile, simple, dissected leaves.
Some species have wrinkled leaves, others leathery, gray-green, dense, with a slight waxy coating.

Wrinkled, whole leaves are slightly pubescent and diverge from the root, forming a rosette.

Stems without leaves. Buds, depending on the variety, can be single or collected in a variety of inflorescences.

Flowers on long peduncles are solitary (simple) or collected in bell-shaped, spherical, pyramidal, umbellate, cushion-shaped, tier-shaped inflorescences.
Flowers are tubular with funnel-shaped or flat limbs.

Flowers form at the end of the shoot. The shape of the flowers is correct. The petals are fused, five-membered at the edges. The color of the flowers is bright, varied, there are two and three-color varieties.

After flowering, fruit-boxes (polysperms) of cylindrical or spherical shape with dark brown small seeds are formed on the peduncles.
Flowers reproduce by seeds, cuttings, dividing the bush.

There are over 500 species of primroses. Primrose grows in wet places- near mountain rivers, lakes, streams, in meadows.

Under natural conditions, this flower is found in Europe, the Middle East, northern Africa, and Central Asia.

More than 300 types of flowers grow in the Himalayas, Asia, Western China, 33 species grow in Europe, 17 species in Africa, South America, 2 species in North America and 1 on the island of Java.
Any primrose is fragile, tender and a little cold.

Garden primrose species are divided into cushion and umbrella. Varieties for capitate,
candelabra, tiered, bell-shaped.

Primula auricular or auricula (auriculastrum) includes 21 European species. The plant is undersized. Leaves are dense dark green, length about 20 centimeters. There are small denticles along the edges of the foliage. Flowers and stems are covered with a whitish powdery coating. The color of the flowers is yellow, pink, lilac, purple. Some varieties have a white eye. Flowering stretches from April to June.

Primula Julia- includes primrose pruhonitskaya. The plant grows up to 10 centimeters in height. The leaves are oval, the denticles are rounded at the edge. The petioles are long. The flowers are single, lilac-purple (up to 3 centimeters). The flower tube is long (2 centimeters).
There are deep grooves in the middle of the petals. Flowering lasts from early April to early May.
Varieties and hybrids of this primrose have a variety of colors.

Mealy primrose includes more than 80 species. Flowers are yellow or white bloom... Flowers are collected in umbellate inflorescences. Moisture-loving plants require additional shelter for the winter.

Primula cortex without powdery bloom. Funnel-shaped flowers. The leaves are petiolate, oval-oblong, pubescent. The peduncle is pubescent, 10-40 centimeters long. Flowers are collected in an umbrella. Flowering lasts from May to the end of June.
This group unites in itself: Siebold primrose, rejected, rock primrose, multi-heart and others.

Primrose High has leaves 5 to 20 centimeters long. The underside is pubescent. The height of the peduncles is 10-30 centimeters. Flowers are long-tubular orange, yellow tones. The diameter of the flower is 2.5 centimeters.

Includes early flowering species. Leaves are smooth with jagged edges. The flowers are bright pink with a small yellow eye. Moisture-loving flower.

Alpine auricles have a bright, rich color. A tube with a center is of the same color. Flowers with a white core have violet-blue petals. With a golden yellow center, the petals are reddish brown. Sometimes a light border is observed. There is no powdery coating.

Reverse conical primrose has an edge of foliage. Hair is allergic. The bush is neat, grows in breadth. The height of the bush is 50 centimeters. The buds are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Flowers can be lilac, red, white, pink.

Recently, new varieties have appeared with a minimum content of the allergen or its complete absence; such varieties can be grown in pots for further transplantation into the ground.

Medicinal form of primrose Evening dissolves its buds in the evening. Fading away, fruit-boxes with seeds are formed on the stems. The seeds are used to make medicated oils. The flower adorns any flower bed.

Stemless view is extremely decorative. This perennial forms several rosettes of leaves. A peduncle with a flower develops from the center of the rosette. The color of flowers is yellow, white, blue. The bush is undersized, compact, dense, similar to a violet.

Toothed primrose includes 2 types: capitate primrose and

• Primula polyanthus (multiflorous) has large flowers (5-6 centimeters). The plant blooms in late May - June. The plant requires shelter for the winter.
• Curb primroses are the most stable and hardy.
• Exhibition are gentle, demanding hybrids. The flowers are covered with a powdery coating.
• Terry primrose very beautiful and demanding care.
• Polyanthus primroses are complex hybrids.
• Candelabra primroses are summer flowering. They require shelter for the winter.

The best varieties are:

Variety Max when grown in the shade has black flowers, when good lighting the flowers have a cherry hue.

Pubescent primrose Ruby is a large-flowered hybrid. The flower is velvety, ruby-cherry, the center is large, yellow.

Violetta variety has light purple flowers. The eye is yellow.

The following varieties can also be noted: Delecluse, Primlet Sunrise, Piano, Little primrose, Shaggy, Big Ben, Queen's Lace, Danova, Francesca, Blue jeans, Miranda, spring primrose, Meteor, Daniela, Rosanna's varietal lines, Rosie.

Growing from seeds is the most common way to propagate this plant. Seed propagation allows you to have rare and unusual varieties in your garden. Self-grown planting material will be healthy and strong, it will more easily survive the transplant.

Before sowing, you need to choose which primroses are best to plant. Perennial spring flowers include: akaulis, rose-shaped, tall primrose, fine-toothed primrose, spring primrose and auricula. Summer includes: Byssa, Japanese, Florinda, Cockburn, Bulley, Bullesian and primrose vials.

For sowing, shallow containers are taken (boxes, containers, pots, peat tablets).

1. The bottom of the boxes is lined with foil.
2. Several holes are made in the film.
3. The soil should be moist and nutritious.
4. Seeds are sown superficially.
5. Containers and pots should have holes for excess water to drain.

Sowing primrose seeds: video

When the variety is selected, you can start preparing the soil and seeds.

The substrate should be airy, light and fertile. The soil should contain sod soil, universal soil from the store, peat. 30-50 percent of sand, sphagnum moss, vermiculite and perlite are added to it. This additive allows you to retain moisture, allow air to pass through and keep the soil loose. You can use a ready-made substrate from a flower shop.

The substrate is calcined in the oven for 20 minutes and spilled with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. These procedures help to decontaminate the soil.
Before sowing, the mixture is moistened per day.

The seeds can be harvested by yourself or purchased from testes. When buying, you need to pay attention to the shelf life and indoor climate. To collect seeds from rare varieties, so that cross-pollination does not occur, different varieties are planted at a distance from each other.

Overwintering plants often reproduce by self-seeding.

Most varieties need stratification (cooling) for germination.

Breeders do not need refrigeration.
Before sowing, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the variety.

For cooling, the seeds must be kept in the refrigerator or on the balcony for 15-30 days. Or place them in the cold for 2 hours, then in the heat, and so on 5 times.

To accelerate germination, biostimulation is used. The seeds are soaked in aloe juice for 20 minutes, then dried and sown in the ground.

Sowing is carried out in December - January. Modern varieties(hybrids) have more short term growth and sown in February - March. It takes 4-6 months from the moment of primrose sowing to the formation of flowers.

The seeds are spread evenly on a thin layer of snow or moist soil.

Small-seeded varieties (Pimula-auricul, Siebold's Primula) are sown on a thin layer of vermiculite and sprayed from a spray bottle.

The seeds are poured onto paper folded in half and sown into the ground. This allows all seeds to be more evenly distributed over the surface.

• No more than 5 seeds should go per 1 centimeter.
• Larger seeds can be spread over the surface with a damp toothpick.
• The seeds are laid out at a distance of 1-1.5 centimeters from each other.
• When sowing, 1-2 seeds are dropped into peat tablets.
• When sowing in a pot, no more than 3 seeds are placed in the soil.

After sowing, the seeds are lightly pressed to the ground and sprayed with water.

The container is covered with a transparent film or lid, glass.
When the soil dries up, it is moistened from the spray bottle. You can water the sprouts with a syringe without a needle. If you have a pallet, watering can be done through it. Excess water is drained away.

After sowing the seeds, the container is installed in a bright place (without direct contact with sun rays). When light-loving varieties germinate, additional lighting with a phytolamp is carried out for better growth.

To avoid the accumulation of condensate, the film on the container is slightly opened several times a day, air exchange is created and excess moisture evaporates.

Germination requires a stable temperature of 15-18 degrees Celsius. The first shoots appear in 10-15 days. The increased temperature will shorten the flowering time of the primrose.

The pick is carried out during the germination of 2 main leaves. The soil must be breathable and lightweight.

Small plants are fed with a weak solution of mineral fertilizers every 10 days.
As it grows, soil is added to the container.

The grown seedlings are planted in separate containers. Weak shoots are removed.
In open ground, seedlings are planted, reaching 10-20 centimeters in height (depending on the variety).

How to sow primroses in winter Seed stratification: video

Planting primrose in the ground is carried out from early to mid-May (depending on the region). When using greenhouses, sowing can be done immediately after the snow melts, warming up the air inside the shelter to 16 degrees.

Primrose prefers fertile, drained soil, plenty of moisture and partial shade. The area should be shaded for at least 5 hours a day. The place is fed with rotted compost, dug up and loosened.

Plants can be planted near bushes, tall plants... Shade-loving varieties are planted under trees, along fences.

In heavy clay soil sand, crushed sphagnum, vermiculite are added (a bucket on square meter). Additionally, 20 kilograms of humus and 60 grams of mineral fertilizers are introduced per 1 meter.

Seedlings are planted in pre-prepared, watered holes. The size of the pits should be equal to the size of an earthen clod with a flower. The distance between the pits depends on the variety and size of the plant and ranges from 10 to 70 centimeters.

The seedling is lowered into the hole along with the earthen clod and squeezed with earth. The root collar is deepened.

Watering is done at the root. You cannot pour water on the plant! About 3 liters of water are consumed per square meter.

To preserve moisture around the seedlings, mulch is distributed from peat, sawdust, and needles.
At night, at first, the plants are covered with a film.

The first feeding of early varieties is done around the outlet mineral fertilizers... In half a month for lush bloom superphosphate is introduced (20 grams per square meter).

After 20 days, top dressing is made with infusion of fermented manure (liter per bucket). For each bush there is a liter of fertilizer.

Watering is carried out when the earth dries up. The soil should not dry out. Throughout the spring and summer, plants should receive a sufficient amount of moisture; by autumn, watering stops. Primrose for the winter should remain in dry ground. Water the plants carefully at the root, without touching the outlet and buds.

To retain moisture, mulch is distributed around the plantings.
In the absence of mulch, the soil is loosened after each watering, weeds are removed.

To prevent the soil from alkalizing, chelate or ferrous sulfate is added once a month during watering.

Top dressing is done during budding and flowering, and then stops until the end of summer. Fertilizers are applied every 2 weeks. Mineral fertilizers are applied to the ground.

For a good wintering in August, primroses are fertilized with a solution of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (30 grams per bucket).

Dense plantings and weeds lead to diseases and pests of primrose.

Primrose is an unpretentious plant, but there are diseases and pests that can destroy the flower.

Primrose is susceptible to defeat:

• fungus Ramularia cercosporella,
• late blight,
• root rot,
• anthracnose,
• rust
• leaf spot,
• wilting,
• powdery mildew,
• cucumber mosaic viruses
• rotting stems.

The most dangerous disease for a flower is a fungus Ramularia cercosporella... The disease manifests itself in late spring with spots on the leaves. The shape of the spots is round or angular. The color is pale. Over time, the color becomes brown or gray with a yellow border.

The affected leaves are cut off immediately. The plant is treated with Bordeaux liquid or any protective preparations. For prophylaxis, spraying with Nitrafen solution is performed.

At phytophthora the aboveground part of the bush withers. Old leaves remain intact at first. This disease appears due to excessive watering. Timely watering under the bush protects the plant from illness. If damaged, the flower must be removed.

Leaf spot defined by gray-brown spots with yellow edges. At high humidity a spore plaque appears at the bottom of the sheet white... Old leaves are primarily affected. But defeat and seedlings are possible. Spraying with fungicides and keeping the aerial part of the plant dry helps protect the plants.

Fungicides are used to fight diseases (Topsin, Fundazol, Nitrafen). Processing is carried out with copper oxychloride, Bordeaux liquid.

Traditional primrose pests are aphids, slugs, caterpillars, weevils, nematodes, fleas, whiteflies and spider mites.

Black and green aphids are distributed from the bottom of the leaf, suck out juices and leave specks on the leaves. Then a sooty bloom appears.

Caterpillars gnaw flowers, stalks and foliage. For control, insecticides of the group of synthetic pyrethroids are used.

To combat insects, insecticides are used (Intavir, Iskra, Ragor). Large pests with single damage can be collected manually.

Primrose propagates by dividing the bush, cuttings and seeds. The collected seeds are stored for 1-2 years.
Good seeds should have a thin, shiny coat and a small appendage.

Primrose should not be grown in one place for more than 3-6 years. Transplanting and dividing the bush is done in early August in the evening or in the spring. After flowering primrose should take about 2 weeks.

Daughter sockets neatly separated from the mother bush. Places of cuts are sprinkled with ash. The soil for planting should be fertilized with rotted compost and dug up. Planting is done in prepared holes.
By winter, the plant has time to take root and grow.

Cuttings the largest bushes breed. Part of the formed dense roots is separated from them. Longitudinal cuts are made on the cuttings from above. This helps the buds to germinate faster. The cuttings are planted to a depth of 4 centimeters. The care is standard.

Petiole with a bud, it is separated at the base of the root system. The sheet plate is cut by a third.
The petiole with a part of the shoot is planted in a mixture of earth and sand. The pot is placed in a bright place with an air temperature of 16-18 degrees. When buds appear and 3-4 leaves germinate, they are planted in separate pots. In the spring they can be transplanted into the ground.

Seeds are collected from ripe bolls slightly opened. After collecting them, you need to dry them a little. For better storage they can be mixed with dry sand and placed in a cool place before sowing.

Why primroses die: video

Most of the primrose varieties fade by mid-summer.
Faded peduncles are cut off with part of the stem, this stimulates the growth and flowering of the plant.
Shrubs with vibrant foliage remain for contrast with other flowers. The soil around the plants is cleared of weed, loosens and remains alone until winter.

Flowers for the winter need to be mulched 5-10 centimeters with humus, peat, compost, dry foliage, humus. In cold winter, the plants are covered with insulation material, spruce branches. Lapnik additionally protects plants from mice.
With a large snow cover, the snow is peeled off.

In the spring, after removing the shelter, the old leaves are cut off, and the primrose begins to actively grow and bloom.

Primrose in many countries is used as medicinal plant... V medicinal purposes roots, leaves, stems, flowers and seeds are used. Leaves are added to salads and flowers to tea.

It is beautiful and unpretentious plant at proper care pleases with its bright colors for several years. And after planting it allows you to get a large number of new bushes.

- a welcome guest of many gardens. At correct fit, skillful cultivation, reproduction and care from early spring in the open field on your site will spread a bright carpet. Make it from varieties different shades that this primrose is rich in.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

Herald of Spring, the first plant in the garden is the primrose. Planting and caring for it requires knowledge and skills, since different varieties the requirements are different. In total, primrose has about 500 species, not counting varieties and hybrids. They are classified in different ways, distinguishing sections and groups.

Of all the variety in landscape design, the following primroses are most often used:

• high - grows up to 30 cm;

• fine-toothed - with a ball-shaped inflorescence;
• polyanthus - with corrugated leaves.

The palette of primrose shades is very diverse: white-yellow, blue-yellow, raspberry-yellow, etc.

Planting a plant

The best place for primroses is in a shady area. But some alpine species do well in the sun. The soil should be acidic or slightly alkaline. In heavy soil, you need to add sand and organic matter.

The well should be watered before planting. Depending on the size of the variety, the distance between the bushes is from 15 to 30 cm. There should be no gaps between the sockets. The soil near the plant is compacted and watered.

Advice. Plant primrose in cool, cloudy weather. The plant should not be in bloom.

Plant care

The soil around the primrose should be moist at all times. Watering frequency is 2 times a week, more on hot days. Avoid getting moisture on the leaves. Make sure that the water does not stagnate: primrose can rot.

The soil must be dry before wintering. The plant itself is covered with leaves in the fall, with a layer of at least 10 cm.If the primrose roots are slightly exposed, add earth. Remove weeds and loosen the soil regularly.

Attention! Study the properties of the species you want to grow. The peculiarities of planting and care will depend on this.

Fertilizing and feeding primrose

During the dormant period, when the primrose does not bloom, fertilization is not necessary. Feed the plants 2-3 times per season:

1. In early spring - a mineral complex.
2. Use organic in June.
3. Add ammonium nitrate in August.

The last dressing can be replaced with superphosphate and potassium. They are believed to increase the winter hardiness of primroses. For 10 liters of water, take 20 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium. You can use these fertilizers during other dressings.

Breeding primrose

Usually this perennial primrose is bred using seeds, rosettes or dividing a bush.

Reproduction by rosettes(cuttings). In May-June, cut the rosettes with pieces of root and plant them in a shaded garden. Root them in a permanent location the following spring.

Reproduction by dividing the bush. Required in early spring or in the summer for 3-5 years of primrose life, since by this time the bush usually grows. The root must be divided into parts with rosettes or buds. Before transplanting, the bush needs watering. Do not let it dry out during the entire procedure.

Reproduction by seeds. The most difficult way that requires knowledge and skills. Primrose is sown in open ground:

• in the spring. In February, seedlings are planted in a greenhouse, they are transferred to the site when the snow melts;
• summer. The seeds are planted as soon as they ripen in capsules. When planting and nursing during this period, it is important to monitor the sufficient amount of moisture;
• in October-December. Sowing in winter is considered the most effective.

Advice. If you are sowing primrose for seedlings, pre-soak the seeds in the cold. When sowing directly into open ground, this can often be avoided, but it all depends on the variety.

Diseases and pests

One of the disadvantages of this primrose is its susceptibility to numerous diseases. Most often, primrose suffers from:

Of the pests, the primrose is annoyed:

Advice. If any diseases and pests are found, damaged plants are better not just removed, but burned. Preventive care of the rest of the bushes is to treat them with a solution copper sulfate or bordeaux liquid.

Perennial primrose: combination with other plants

This primrose looks good under tall bushes. Harmonious in combination with hosts, ferns, astilbe, geycher. Dwarf conifers make a good company to him. You can create a picturesque ensemble of primrose and irises, marigold, soapwort (saponaria), ornamental cereals.

This plant gets along well with other primroses. It gets along without any problems with daffodils, muscari, tulips. When planting, you can experiment with colors, for example, combine pink primrose with purple weigela or barberry leaves. Yellow or orange flowers will be well set off by the nearby Heuchera, for example, the "Caramel" variety.

Perennial primrose in landscape design

Due to its brightness and color variety, perennial primrose is actively used in landscape design. By combining different varieties, you can create a beautiful bright flower bed... It will bloom from April until the end of summer. Decorate your lawn, rock garden or rockery with these primroses.

You can decorate ponds with primrose, creating small neat compositions. Specialists in landscape design it is recommended to plant a plant along garden paths and in ridges (narrow flower beds rectangular), near fences and fences. Often this primrose is grown not only in the open field, but also in flowerpots or containers. They are placed near the gazebos, near the entrance, etc.

Having planted a primrose, you can no longer imagine your site without this magnificent primrose. A huge selection of varieties and colors will awaken your imagination and desire to create, inspiring you to create unique compositions in your garden.

Primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of perennial primrose: photo

The perennial garden primrose, one of the first to bloom in the spring, attracts the attention of almost all flower lovers. It is part of the primrose genus and the family of the same name. This family has about 550 species.

The primrose flower grows both in the mountainous and lowland regions of Central and Western Asia, Europe, as well as in America. About 60 species are used in floriculture, most of which are grown outdoors and only a small part in greenhouses. Primrose mainly grows in shaded and humid areas with loose soil. To understand how to care for a primrose, you need to get acquainted with the plant itself.

Primrose primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant, which forms a rosette of leaves at the very base of the fibrous root. Primrose leaves can be lobed or whole. Leaves with a smooth or wrinkled surface are attached to the root with petioles, or they can be sessile (without petioles).

The flowers of this culture have a wide variety of colors, which can be monochromatic or two-colored. Species, varieties and hybrids with a peephole are quite common. Flowers with a corolla, turning into a tube and a beautifully colored limb, resemble a funnel in their shape. They are collected in inflorescences of various types (bell-shaped, umbellate, capitate), but sometimes the flowers are arranged one at a time, although this is quite rare.

The shoots on which the inflorescences or flowers are located do not have leaves. Primrose blooms usually in April, but flowering time depends on the type of primrose. Some of the plants bloom in early spring, and some in early summer. Small brownish seeds, resembling irregular balls in shape, ripen in a fruit - a capsule. Ripening time falls on June - July. One gram of seeds contains approximately 1000-1200 seeds. Propagation of primrose can occur through seeds, as well as through division of the bush and cuttings. On the street, primrose grows without transplanting for three to five years.

Most often, primroses are classified according to the type of inflorescences and flowers on plants. All primroses (including varieties and hybrids) are divided into 5 groups.

• The first group (cushion-shaped inflorescences) includes plants in which flowers are located one at a time, less often in inflorescences. They are slightly raised above the rosette of leaves. The main species of this group are Julia's primrose and its hybrids with other species. They are known under various specific names: common primrose or stemless primrose, small primrose. The majority of commercially available varieties and hybrids are based on stemless primrose. The huge variety of colors and sizes of flowers attracts a lot of attention to this culture. Planting and caring for perennial primroses of this group does not require a lot of time.

Primula ordinary or stemless

• In the second group (umbrella-shaped inflorescences) in plants, flowers are collected in inflorescences of the round or slightly inclined umbrella type. They are located on a peduncle, at a height of about 20 cm above the bush. The main species of this group include spring primrose, item high, item ear, item polyanthus, item powdery, item Vialya and others. On sale you can find different varieties high primrose, n. spring and n. polyantova, as well as primrose Viale.

Primrose high
Primula Viale

• The third group includes plants with a dense spherical shape of inflorescences, which are formed on a powerful peduncle. This group includes fine-toothed primrose, etc. Its flowers are painted in pink, white, red-carmine and brown-violet shades. Modern varieties of fine-toothed primrose are distinguished by interesting and spectacular colors.

Fine-toothed primrose

• The fourth group includes plants with whorled inflorescences, consisting of several tiers. Such inflorescences bloom at the tops of thin, stable flowering shoots. The most important species of this group are: Bulley's primrose, Japanese n. Bissa and garden hybrids of this primrose from Bulley n. The varieties of Japanese primrose with candelabra inflorescences look especially beautiful. They are rarely on sale.

Primula Bulley
Japanese primrose

Florinda primrose

• The last group with bell-shaped inflorescences includes species with drooping inflorescences or hanging flowers blooming on flower shoots of various heights. This group includes the following species: Alpine primrose, Sikkim, Florinda. Caring for primroses in the garden belonging to this group is slightly different from other species.

Growing from seeds

Growing a primrose from seeds requires some knowledge, so it's worth getting to know it. biological features... First, they belong to stagnant plants, the germination rate of seeds can vary from 90 to 60%.

Secondly, the seeds of this culture quickly lose their germination, and therefore they must be used in the year of harvest, but this will work if the sowing is carried out in open ground in summer or autumn. With this sowing option, young plants will bloom only in the third year of cultivation. It is advisable to store seeds at temperatures from 5 to 7 degrees (vegetable section of the refrigerator) and humidity from 22 to 30%.

But there is an opportunity to get ready-made plants in the year of sowing and even achieve their flowering. Seed primrose is grown 20 to 24 weeks from sowing to flowering. To correctly determine the time of sowing seeds, you need to understand exactly what you want to get at the end. If well-grown plants are required in a short enough time, then sowing should be done in late January - early February. These young plants will be planted in open ground after the end of the frost, and they will bloom next spring.

To obtain finished products in bloom, early flowering varieties and hybrids are chosen.

Sowing requires a loose, air-permeable soil with a slightly acidic reaction (pH 5.5 -6.2). Low-rise containers or pots are filled with well-moistened soil and leveled. The seeds are sown on the surface, covered with foil or glass and placed in the freezer for about a month. After that, the seeds are germinated at a temperature of 17-18 degrees, which does not change during the day. Seeds of common primrose and fine-toothed primrose do not need freezing.

No light is required to hatch seeds, but low light helps germination at the same time. This period lasts from 7 to 20 days, depending on the type, variety and quality of seeds. As soon as 50 percent of all seeds hatch, the shelter is removed. It is worth remembering that during the period of seed germination, changes in temperature and humidity should not be allowed.

At the next stage of cultivation, which lasts a little more than two weeks, the seedlings are rearranged to a sufficiently illuminated place (without the sun), the temperature is lowered to 16-17 degrees, and the amount of moisture in the soil is reduced (without drying out). An increase in temperature above 18 degrees slows down the growth of seedlings. It is advisable at this time to feed with a weak solution of complex fertilizers.

In the next 35-50 days, the illumination of the growing plants is increased, the temperature is maintained at 15-16 degrees, and fertilizing is carried out with nitrogen fertilizers.

As soon as 3 leaves appear on the plants, they are dived into plastic cups (with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm) from which they are then transferred into larger containers. The bushes are transferred into pots with a diameter of 9-11 cm at the age of 9-11 weeks. The transplanted primroses are placed so that they do not touch the leaves. As soon as the plants take root and begin to grow vigorously, they can be planted in open ground (after the end of the frost).

To obtain blooming primroses, there is a cooling period of 6 to 8 weeks. Plants aged 9-11 weeks with a well-developed rosette of leaves (from 6 to 8 pieces) are kept at a temperature that drops from 12-15 to 7-5 degrees. At this time, the illumination should be high. As soon as the formed buds appear on the bushes, the temperature is increased to 15-17 degrees and the primroses bloom.

Care

Primrose care is not difficult, provided that the planting site is selected taking into account the requirements of this plant. You need to plant primrose in shady places with well-moistened, loose and nutritious soil. Before planting, the beds are dug to a depth of 20 to 30 cm, and leaf humus and sod land must be added. When planting primrose and caring for it outdoors, you need to know a few nuances.

It is necessary to plant primrose seedlings in such a way that there is no open land between the adult bushes. Small species are placed every 10-15 cm, and large varieties and hybrids - after 30-40 cm. Even in the flowering state, the plants tolerate transplantation quite well. After planting, the bushes are watered every day for two weeks.

To maintain a constant level of soil moisture, it is advisable to mulch the soil with leaf humus or peat soil about 4-5 cm high.

Caring for perennial primrose in the garden consists of regular watering throughout the growing season and spring fertilizing with complex fertilizers, which are carried out before and during flowering.

Overgrown bushes are usually divided into 3-5 years of cultivation. They are dug up, the roots are cleaned of soil (it is better to wash them in water), divided into several parts, and then planted in a garden bed in a shaded place.

Diseases and pests

This culture can be sick with rust, rot of the root collar and base of the stems, spots, anthracnose, viral diseases, as well as powdery mildew.

: "Quadris", "Topsin M", "Topaz". They will help from spotting copper preparations... Viral diseases are not cured and the affected plant will have to be destroyed.

Of the pests on primrose, there are slugs, spider mites, aphids, mealybug, weevils and flea beetles.

The drug "Thunderstorm" will help against slugs, and an appropriate insecticide against other pests.

Primrose in landscape design

Beautiful primroses are used in the design of perennial flower beds, in spring compositions with bulbous and small-bulbous crops. Rabatki, alpine slides and rockeries are decorated with various types and varieties of this culture. This plant is perfect for small ponds, portable containers and vases, and balcony boxes.

For stony gardens and alpine slides cushion primroses are suitable, as well as all varieties of fine-toothed primroses. In addition, fine-toothed primrose is often used in plantings with a variety of perennial plants. Julia's primrose is an indispensable plant for decorating the edge of the curb or garden path. When creating a garden in japanese style use primroses with candelabra inflorescences. Primrose care in flower arrangements will not cause much trouble.