The rich variety of grape varieties is pleasing to the eye. A common man in the street, filling a basket with fruit, knows that this berry is one of the healthiest and most delicious. Thanks to the content of flavonoids, grapes are a powerful natural antioxidant, and they can rightfully be called the berry of life, the bunch of youth.

The full spectrum of vitamins and minerals, fiber and proteins necessary for humans make grapes a “hearty” dish. Such a fruit can replace a full dinner, will have a positive effect on health, well-being and figure.

Grape varieties are divided into main types:

Gardeners, winegrowers, when choosing a variety, are guided not only by taste characteristics and beneficial features, as well as the timing of ripening, resistance to cold and disease. For businessmen focusing on the agricultural industry, modern, high-quality, selective types of crops are preferable.

Paradise grapes - Effect variety

The effect is a new grape variety obtained as a result of the successful crossing of two original parental varieties Talisman and XVII-10-26 (early reddish nutmeg).
The effect ( Kinel grapes) is one of the modern breeding forms of a plant, which is distinguished by characteristics that are important for the manufacturer:

In Kinel, under good weather conditions, the effect ripens already in July. Even when incompletely ripe, it has pleasant taste... If the bunches remain in the vineyards until the end of September, they turn dark with an extremely high sugar content.

The history of the Effect and its notable features

The famous breeder Evgeny Georgievich Pavlovsky has long become famous among gardeners who are busy with viticulture. The scientist breeder has dozens of known varieties, bred empirically. Among them, Rochefort, Monarch, Super Extra and many others are undoubtedly successful. Of the new promising forms, the Effect variety stands out, which has already won its place under the sun.

Despite the fact that the new variety is still at the stage of improvement and has not entered the world market, it has already become famous in the circles of wine-growers and aroused great interest.

The main advantage of the variety is its adaptability to the climate of northern latitudes, it easily takes root in new lands, and is popular in the southern regions. The second name of the variety is Kinelsky early. Distinctive features hybrid forms of grapes bred empirically:

Finally detailed video review varieties Effect, Kinelsky early. The owner of the nursery, gardener Dmitry Reznikov will clearly show and tell about the grapes.

Peasant farm "Klimanov", which is known in the Samara region as "Kinelsky grapes", carries out the cultivation and breeding of grapes on an industrial scale. It is the northernmost industrial vineyard in the country. In the Kinelsky zone, about 140 varieties are represented on a plantation of 6 hectares. Of them for growing on garden plots recognized as the best around 30-40 varieties.

Kinel grapes

Among the table varieties of this grape, about 10 of the best stand out. These are such varieties as Victor, Transfiguration, Libya, Jubilee of Novocherkassk, Millennium of Mordovia, Kodryanka, Arcadia. Of the technical varieties, this is Kinelsky-1. The largest variety is Transfiguration. The largest berries in the varieties Victor, Novocherkassk Jubilee, Sovereign.

Table. a brief description of the best varieties.

The choice of planting material

Grape seedlings

On a note! The most important thing when growing grapes is choosing the right seedling.

The seedling should be with normal leaf plates and a height of at least 50 cm from the beginning of the root system to the top, so that it can be deepened to a depth of 50 cm.

When to sit down?

You need to plant grapes from May to October. All Kinelsk grapes have a closed root system. That is, you can get it out of the container, cut off the bottom of the container, and then plant the grapes to a depth of 50 cm so that the root system does not freeze.

Step-by-step guide to planting Kinel grapes

It is recommended to plant in a container, since the plastic serves as a thermal shield, which reduces the risk of freezing of the root system. There must be moisture around the roots forever, so they put crushed expanded clay. Under the roots there is a litter layer of rich soil, and even lower - expanded clay 10 cm. A hole can be dug or drilled with a 200 mm drill. This is enough and the plant is accepted.

1. First, you need to choose a sapling with a length of not a lot of 0.5 m.
2. Then dig a hole in the ground 0.6m wide and 0.7m deep.
3. Powder the bottom with crushed expanded clay by 0.1 m so that moisture is absorbed faster. Pour 0.1 m of soil mixing on top (sand, humus, soil, wood ash).
4. Plant a seedling on top and sprinkle it halfway with earth.
5. During the summer, up to 4 sleeves (shoots) should appear on the plant.
6. In the fall, it is necessary to fill up the soil to the very top of the hole.
7. The sleeves should rise horizontally above the ground, not upward.
8. It is necessary to ensure that the shoots grow parallel to the ground, so that after the grapes it is convenient to cover for the winter.

Video - Planting grapes

The figure shows a diagram of a two-plane trellis: 1 - polycarbonate roof; 2 - boards to which the reinforced film is attached; 3 - the wire on which we will tie the vine during the season; 4 - young vines, which grow from the buds during the season; 5 - overwintered sleeves with buds; 6 - stoically trellis, supports for forming and tying a bush; 7 - fastening the plant to the wire on the trellis

Wasp War

Produced in the spring using the drug "Adamant". Wasps wake up from hibernation in spring. The uterus prepares to give birth to offspring, and the wasps fly and search for her food. A bait is made from pieces of meat, fish, mixed with the drug "Adamant", which is a poison that acts only on insects. It is of long duration. Wasps feed the uterus, she dies.

Top dressing

Italian fertilizers from Valagro are recommended for Kinel grapes. Use both root and foliar feeding so that the roots receive everything they need, the leaf has good photosynthesis, the vine ripens and you can get a cutting. The ducts should be ripe brown, with clusters and buds. A similar shoot is already ready for winter, excellent seedlings will be obtained from it.

Much! Grapes need potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. In this case, the fruits will be very beneficial for the human body.

The most early feeding- when the kidneys burst. At this time, nitrogen is given (content - 30%).

In June, more phosphorus is added, which gives energy to flowering. Boron should also be given at this time (by the way, it should be given in May). In total, it is brought in 3 times before flowering. This is to keep the pollen from getting dry. In a different way, it does not pollinate plants, berries are not formed or are formed, but very small.

In the other half of the summer, nitrogen is not needed. It is necessary to include potash fertilizers in top dressing. This helps the wood itself become denser. Calcium is also used to aid in proper cell formation.

Potassium is increased in the autumn. Processing is carried out after harvest. To increase winter hardiness, boron, magnesium, calcium, manganese are introduced in the fall.

Grape seedlings care

After planting seedlings, it is especially important to properly care for the grapes. Regular procedures need to be performed to obtain concentrated shoots. Care includes painstaking soil cultivation, correct watering, loosening and feeding, protection from diseases and pests, as well as covering plants for the winter stage.

Young plants in the first 12 months after planting are very strict to care. If everything is done correctly during this period, then in the future the Kinel grapes will amuse good harvests year after year.

The main thing on which efforts should be directed is the formation of powerful shoots. It is better to strive for the development of one viable and strong duct than to try to maintain the growth of several more frail branches. They may not bring the harvest. It is also very important to prune the bushes. It is performed in spring... At the same time, excess shoots are cut off and released root system.

The grape bushes don't ask a large number moisture when watering. It is necessary to stop the procedure at the moment when moisture ceases to be absorbed into the soil. Drying of the soil near the plants can be prevented by serving it with a layer of sawdust or plastic wrap. It is advisable to add to the water for irrigation in summer mineral fertilizers... In this case, it follows to select them taking into account the composition of the land. Acidic top dressing is chosen for introduction into alkaline soil. In this case, neutral fertilizers will also be needed.

Important! Another important event is the competent construction of a shelter for grapes during the frosty season. This will help him survive the frosts, preserving the future high harvest.

Kinelsk grapes are quite cold-resistant, but many varieties live in poverty in winter shelter which is not an easy procedure. First, the grapes are fed minerals... It is produced in the late summer or at the very beginning of autumn. The composition of the fertilizer is selected based on the composition of the soil. Then, in the fall, the soil around the plants is loosened. After 2-3 weeks it is necessary to water abundantly with water, filling the holes in width.

When the temperature of the atmosphere begins to drop below zero, shelter is made. To do this, you need to do the following:

• dig a small ditch the width of the plants (its depth should be about 0.3 m);
• tie the sleeves with a rope and carefully put them in the ditch;
• pour soil on top (10 cm), then a layer of humus (10 cm) and serve with another layer of soil (10 cm).

The covering material covers the vine between the trellis posts. Very convenient!

The peasant farm "Klimanov", better known in the Samara region as "Kinelsky grapes", carries out the cultivation and breeding of grapes on an industrial scale. It is the northernmost industrial vineyard in the country. In the Kinelsky region, about 140 varieties are represented on a plantation of 6 hectares. Of these, about 30-40 varieties are recognized as the best for cultivation in garden plots.

Among the table varieties of this grape, about 10 of the best stand out. These are such varieties as Victor, Transfiguration, Libya, Jubilee of Novocherkassk, Millennium of Mordovia, Kodryanka, Arcadia. Of the technical varieties, this is Kinelsky-1. The largest variety is Transfiguration. The largest berries are in the varieties Victor, Yubiley Novocherkassk, Monarch.

Kinel grapes - the best varieties

Table. Brief characteristics of the best varieties.

The choice of planting material

Grape seedlings

On a note! The most important thing when growing grapes is to choose the right seedling.

The seedling should be with normal leaf plates and a height of at least 50 cm from the beginning of the root system to the top, so that it can be deepened to a depth of 50 cm.

When to plant?

You need to plant grapes from May to October. All Kinelsk grapes have a closed root system. That is, you can get it out of the container, cut off the bottom of the container, and then plant the grapes to a depth of 50 cm so that the root system does not freeze.

Step-by-step instructions for planting Kinel grapes

It is recommended to plant in a container, since the plastic serves as a heat shield, which reduces the risk of freezing of the root system. Moisture should always be present around the roots, so they put crushed expanded clay. Under the roots there is a litter layer of fertile soil, and even lower - expanded clay 10 cm. A hole can be dug or drilled with a 200 mm drill. This is enough and the plant is accepted.

1. First, you need to choose a seedling no more than 0.5 m long.
2. Then dig a hole in the ground 0.6m wide and 0.7m deep.
3. Cover the bottom with crushed expanded clay by 0.1 m, so that moisture is absorbed faster. Pour 0.1 m of soil mixture (sand, humus, soil, wood ash) on top.
4. Plant a seedling on top and sprinkle it halfway with earth.
5. During the summer, up to 4 sleeves (shoots) should appear on the plant.
6. In the fall, it is necessary to fill up the soil to the very top of the hole.
7. The sleeves should rise horizontally above the ground, not upward.
8. It is necessary to ensure that the shoots grow parallel to the ground, so that later it is convenient to cover the grapes for the winter.

Video - Planting grapes

The figure shows a diagram of a two-plane trellis: 1 - polycarbonate roof; 2 - boards to which the reinforced film is attached; 3 - the wire on which we will tie the vine during the season; 4 - young vines that grow out of the buds during the season; 5 - overwintered sleeves with buds; 6 - trellis posts, supports for forming and tying a bush; 7 - fastening the plant to the wire on the trellis

Wasp control

Produced in the spring using the drug "Adamant". Wasps wake up from hibernation in spring. The uterus prepares to give birth to offspring, and the wasps fly and search for her food. A bait is made from pieces of meat, fish, mixed with the drug "Adamant", which is a poison that acts only on insects. It is of long duration. Wasps feed the uterus, she dies.

Top dressing

Italian fertilizers from Valagro are recommended for Kinel grapes. Both root and foliar dressings are used so that the roots receive everything they need, the leaf has good photosynthesis, the vine ripens and a cutting can be obtained. The sleeves should be matured brown, with clusters and buds. Such a shoot is already ready for winter, it will make excellent seedlings.

Important! Grapes need potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. In this case, the fruits will be very beneficial for the human body.

The earliest feeding is when the buds burst. At this time, nitrogen is given (content - 30%).

In June, more phosphorus is added, which gives energy to flowering. Boron should also be given at this time (by the way, it should be given in May). In total, it is brought in 3 times before flowering. This is to keep the pollen from getting dry. Otherwise, it does not pollinate plants, berries are not formed or are formed, but very small.

In the second half of the summer, you do not need to give nitrogen. It is necessary to include potash fertilizers in top dressing. This contributes to the fact that the wood itself becomes denser. Calcium is also used to help correct formation cells.

Potassium is increased in the autumn. Processing is carried out after harvest. To increase winter hardiness, boron, magnesium, calcium, manganese are introduced in the fall.

Grape seedlings care

After planting seedlings, it is especially important to properly care for the grapes. Regular procedures must be carried out to obtain strong shoots. Care includes painstaking soil processing, correct watering, loosening and feeding, protection from diseases and pests, as well as covering plants for the winter.

Young plants in the first 12 months after planting are very demanding to care for. If everything is done correctly during this period, then in the future the Kinel grapes will delight with good harvests from year to year.

The main thing on which efforts should be directed is the formation of strong shoots. It is better to strive to develop one viable and strong arm than to try to support the growth of several more frail branches. They may not bring the harvest. It is also very important to prune the bushes. It is performed in the spring. At the same time, excess shoots are cut off and the root system is freed.

Grape bushes do not require a lot of moisture when watering. It is necessary to stop the procedure at the moment when moisture ceases to be absorbed into the soil. Drying of the soil near the plants can be prevented by covering it with a layer of sawdust or film. It is advisable to add mineral fertilizers to the water for irrigation in summer. In this case, they should be selected taking into account the composition of the land. Acidic top dressing is chosen for introduction into alkaline soil. In this case, neutral fertilizers are also suitable.

Important! Another important event is the competent construction of a shelter for grapes in the cold season. This will help him survive the frosts, preserving the future high harvest.

Kinelsk grapes are fairly cold-resistant, but many varieties need winter shelter, which is not an easy procedure. First, the grapes are fertilized with minerals. It is produced in the last days of summer or at the very beginning of autumn. The composition of the fertilizer is selected based on the composition of the soil. Then, in the fall, the soil around the plants is loosened. After 2-3 weeks it is necessary to water abundantly with water, filling the holes in width.

When the air temperature begins to fall below zero, shelter is made. To do this, you need to do the following:

• dig a small ditch the width of the plants (its depth should be about 0.3 m);
• tie the sleeves with a rope and carefully put them in the ditch;
• pour soil on top (10 cm), then a layer of humus (10 cm) and cover with another layer of soil (10 cm).

Video - Kinelsky grapes

Question. Stepan Viktorovich Drozdenko (Kinel) asks:When is the best time to plant the vine?

Olga Mikhailovna Nechaeva asks: why do you say little about growing vines?

Dear summer residents! Two years ago, we published articles about this culture in several of our magazines, in which the famous Samara winegrowers Kalashnikovs shared their experience with you. Obviously, you recently started reading our magazine, so we repeat the article from the September 2013 magazine.

1. Where to buy good varieties grapevine?

I took seedlings from the famous winegrowers of Samara - the Kalashnikovs. I was in their garden, saw their vineyard, numbering more than a hundred varieties with my own eyes. I ate berries from the best bushes. I had many hours of conversations with Valentina and Victor concerning the latest, most promising varieties and hybrids of this most interesting culture.

Having eaten enough, having heard a lot and making sure that I have in front of me highly qualified specialists who are selflessly in love with their work, I took from them the best that is in the Kalashnikovs' collection. Although it was difficult to choose, they do not hold bad ones. Why occupy the land with mediocrity, when so many interesting varieties and hybrids appear every year around the world (and they have both French and American varieties in their garden).

Sometimes they have to uproot very nice bushes in order to land a rare instance of a supernova.

Kalashnikovs believe that September - the best time for planting grapes, contrary to popular belief that it can only be planted in spring, but it must be planted competently so that it does not freeze out.

2. Technique of planting grapevine.

Viktor Kalashnikov digs planting holes at least 80cm deep. A broken red brick is placed on the bottom - this is drainage, a layer is laid on top of it wood waste(old blocks, boards) - so that the drainage does not "float". Such a flooring at the bottom of the pit cuts off deep cold well - all seedlings of fruit and ornamental crops like this, keep this in mind. I now do drainage for all plantings.

Another feature is the installation of an irrigation pipe in the planting pit. I use plastic pipe with a diameter of 3-5cm. Cut its lower end obliquely so that water flows freely and install the pipe so that its upper end rises 5-10 cm above the soil surface

Now you need to mix the soil removed from the pit with fertilizers: two buckets of humus, two liters of ash, two glasses of superphosphate and a bucket of expanded clay crumbs.

We pour the fertile mixture on the bottom of a hole about 25 cm high, put a seedling, cover it with earth, water it abundantly, mulch.

The main mistake of novice summer residents is that grapes are planted like an ordinary seedling, but it should bedeepen ... The distance from the heel to the upper edge of the pit should be at least 40-45cm. The heel on a grape seedling is the place where the roots begin to grow.

Since the planting is carried out by the transshipment method, there is no need to worry about the survival rate of grapes.

Pruning young seedling we will make in the spring for 2 buds. We will make a shelter in winter at the end of October with spruce branches - read about this in the next issue.

Attention!

The grapes have male and female varieties.

Among all hybrid forms of grapes, a special place in our country is occupied by the varieties of the breeder Evgeny Georgievich Pavlovsky. His undoubted successes include the Rochefort, Super Extra, Monarch grapes and several dozen other hybrids. Of the new forms, it is worth highlighting the Effect variety. Despite the fact that it is still under study and is not yet well known in the circles of winegrowers, the Effect deserves a special mention, as it was developed with the aim of popularizing viticulture in the northern regions. Besides, General characteristics this grape allowed to gain recognition in the private vineyards of the southern regions.

Effect bush with harvest in early August

Characteristics of the variety

The effect is a hybrid form of grapes, which was obtained as a result of the selection activities of E.G. Pavlovsky. Parent varieties - Talisman and XVII-10-26 (very early red Muscat).

Another name for this grape is Kinelsky early.

The purpose of the Effect was to obtain a grape variety that would be adapted for cultivation in the northern regions. Experienced Pavlovsky, on whose account dozens of hybrid forms, coped with the task.

The grapes have the main qualities necessary for the "northern" varieties:

• early ripening of the vine;
• frost resistance;
• resistance to fungal infections and diseases.

In addition, yield indicators and taste properties make Kinelsky early popular in the southern regions.

Description of the main characteristic features of the variety Effect

Refers to early and very early varieties in terms of ripening. Harvest readiness times vary by region (late July - early August). The active growing season is 100-115 days.

• High yield, stable.
• The flower is bisexual. High rates of pollination.
• Good "holds" high loads on the bush. The norm is 2 clusters per shoot. With such a load, the level of sugar accumulation does not suffer.
• The bushes are of medium to high vigor, depending on the conditions and region of cultivation. When a large number of inflorescences are formed on the shoot, 2-3 pieces each, the overall germination of the vine slows down. For this reason, winegrowers often indicate a low growth rate of the Effect. The vine ripens well along its entire length.
• "Gives out" inflorescences on stepchildren.
• It takes root well and develops with its own rooted cultivation.
• Resistance to mildew, powdery mildew and gray rot is high, but requires clarification, since these indicators are currently under study.
• Frost resistance - high. There is no exact data at the moment, the approximate figure is minus 24 degrees.
• Not of serious interest to wasps.

It is advisable to cover the effect in the first years.

Care features

The variety in question is unpretentious in care. In the descriptions there are no special requirements for choosing a planting site in terms of lighting and soil quality, which implies compliance general requirements by these parameters.

The average height, the ability to regulate it by controlling the load on the bush, allows you to grow grapes in places with less free spaces. The distance between plants in a row is from one and a half meters, between rows - from two meters.

Site preparation for winter - disease prevention

The big advantage is resistance to disease and wasps. Such features allow you to minimize processing and limit yourself to standard preventive measures spraying and processing. The effect does not require excessive attention to circumcision, autumn and spring procedures are enough. During the season, the load on the bush can be controlled depending on the wishes of the grower.

Despite the fact that the variety is different high rates for resistance to cold, requires special attention for hiding in the central and northern regions.

The effect is perfectly propagated by cuttings

Varietal characteristics and fruits

Description of the bunch:

• Beautiful clusters of medium to large size.
• Average weight - 500-800 grams. Formation of clusters weighing up to two kilograms is possible.
• The bunches can remain on the bush for a long time, do not lose their qualities in terms of berry taste and appearance.

Description of berries:

• Fruit weight from 6 to 9 grams. Size - 28x26 mm.
• The shape of the fruit is round or round-oval.
• In terms of size, the fruits are small, which is often indicated as a disadvantage in terms of marketability.
• Color - red-violet. When stored on the bush until mid-September, the fruits acquire a pronounced black color with a very high sugar content.
• The pulp is firm, juicy. The skin is firm, not felt when eaten.

Berries varieties Effect large and dense

• The taste is sweet, with pronounced nutmeg notes.
• Possibly small peas. Most descriptions indicate that the Effect is not susceptible to peas, but many growers indicate such a trait, although they emphasize its insignificance.
• Berries are not susceptible to cracking and rotting, even in seasons with alternating rains and dry, hot weather.
• High rates of transportability and marketability. The effect is in high demand among consumers, and it is popular in the markets in the southern regions, despite the small size of the berry.

Grown for fresh food consumption. The effect is often the choice of growers as a variety for sale.