1329 07/27/2019 5 minutes

Sand is a demanded material in the construction industry. Depending on the type of this product, it can be used in the manufacture of mortars, concrete, when laying a house, arranging a foundation. This is not the whole list of works in which you can use sand. This material is distinguished by the origin and size of the granules. To determine the choice of material, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with its features and classification.

Specifications

According to GOST 8736 93 for construction sand the following technological characteristics have been developed:

1. Granule size module determined when using special trays in which materials are scattered. The mesh sizes can vary from 0.16 to 5 mm. In the field of construction, sand has received widespread use, in which the size module will leave 1.2 mm
2. Density- This is an indicator indicating the ratio of the volume of space between the granules to the total occupied by the substance. This parameter depends on the granule configuration.
3. Humidity level.
4. Filtration coefficient assumes the ability of the material to filter water. It depends on the number of impurities. The lowest rates are for unrefined material. Also, the filtration coefficient is influenced by the grain size. For alluvial sand, this figure is 2-2.5 mm.
5. Environmental friendliness... The sand possesses the 1st degree of radioactivity, for which the specific activity of radionuclides reaches 370 Bg / kg, which is a safe norm.
6. The amount of clay and silt... To determine the sand is subjected to the elutriation procedure. If the material contains a large number of of eliminated additives, this will lead to a decrease in the strength indicators of the finished product.
7. Parameters such as density, voidness, and moisture are interrelated. If the moisture content of the product reaches 10%, then the density increases, and if the moisture content exceeds 10%, then on the contrary, it decreases. The same will be different.

How is sand used for construction works GOST 8736 2014 can be found in this

In the video - sand for construction work GOST 8736 93:

The material obtained artificially from quartz can undergo cleaning and enrichment. As a result, it will be called molding. The size of its granules can reach 0.16-0.18 mm. The product is used in the manufacture of glass, ceramic parts, putties. Molding sand, in addition to conventional construction, is actively used in the construction of water treatment facilities.

When the resulting materials have undergone thermal treatment, then porous sand is often used as an aggregate in the production of light concrete mixes, and bulk insulation... The presented product can be used in the construction of agricultural facilities, roads, landscape design... will have other qualities.

Marble

This type of artificial material can be used very rarely in the field of construction. As a rule, it is used in the production ceramic tiles, roof tiles. This type of material is also widely used when decorating in landscape design and in various filters.

If we consider shungizite sand, then it is made by crushing, in which burnt shungite was used as a raw material. They act as a porous aggregate with excellent thermal insulation properties.

Career

This type of sand is natural. For its extraction they use open way. It contains various impurities, among which clay and dust-like particles can be noted. A small amount of stones are also present. If the sand has not been processed, then it can be used only when adding a plot for foundation.

In order to be able to use it extensively, it must be washed or sieved to remove the weight of the existing impurities. The sieved product can be used for plastering, fundamental work, as well as for the production of asphalt concrete mixtures.

When washing was used to clean up quarry sand, the finished product was called alluvial. During such processing, only small particles remain, the size of which is no more than 0.6 mm. Such a product can be used to make interior cladding, in the manufacture of concrete and bricks.

If we consider quarry sand, the particle size of which exceeds 5 mm, then it is used in the manufacture of a solution, which will then be used during installation reinforced concrete structures... If you need to prepare a mortar for laying bricks, then you should use a material with a particle size of no more than 2.5 mm.

River

The presented type of natural sand is obtained from the bottom of the rivers. It contains no impurities, stones and clay. For this reason, the product is called universal. It can be used in the production of cement screeds, for the manufacture of concrete, in cleaning filters. When cooking cement mortar river sand settles much faster than quarry, therefore, it needs to be mixed very quickly. For this reason, river sand is often replaced with quarry sand.

Nautical

This natural material is mined from the bottom of the sea. In its composition, sand is not inferior to river sand. In the process of addition, the material undergoes the process of washing, thickening and enrichment. After that, hydromechanical treatment awaits. Upon completion of all these manipulations, high quality sand is obtained. It is actively used in cooking building mixtures, screeds, plasters and masonry.

This natural material is characterized by high decorative qualities, since it contains uniform rounded grains of sand. But the cost sea ​​sand not so low already, so today they are trying to find newer method its extraction in order to lower the cost.

Sand is important element when performing various construction works. Thanks to him, it is possible to obtain a solution for masonry, foundation. But for each construction industry there is its own type of material, which differs not only in origin, but also in the size of the grains of sand.

4229 09/18/2019 5 minutes

When performing construction work, it is impossible to do without such material as sand. It is he who takes an active part in the preparation various solutions and concrete. But the range of such a product today is very large, which is sometimes difficult to choose the right one for your case. For this reason, it is necessary to know what types of building sand exist, and what properties each of them has. Further in the article we will consider medium-grained sand for construction robots GOST 8736-2014.

Technical characteristics of sand GOST 8736-2014

All parameters and properties possessed by building sand are regulated by the GOST 8736-2014 standard. Before sending the sand for sale, the manufacturer is obliged to indicate the following data obtained during geological exploration:

• the presence of rocks and minerals that are harmful components;
• the presence of voids;
• the presence of organic impurities;
• density of the true type of granules.

What tests is the material subjected to?

According to the established standard, construction natural material may be subjected to the following tests:

1. Calculation bulk density and the presence of voids... To determine the bulk density of the presented product, it is necessary with the help of a duck into a previously measured container in the form of a cylinder, the height of which is 10 cm, will place sand, filling it to the upper edges. You can use the standard for these purposes. Funnel with latch. The cone without compaction of sand is removed flush with the edges of the container using a metal ruler. After that, the vessel with sand is sent to the scales. During such a test, the bulk density of the material is calculated, which is calculated using the following formula: P = (m1-m) / V. In this formula, m is the mass of a measuring vessel, kg; m1 is the mass of the measuring container with sand, kg; V is the volume of the tank, m3.
2. Determination of moisture level... To carry out such a test, it is necessary to compare the mass of the material with natural moisture and after it has dried. To carry out the experiment, you need to take the material in an amount of 1 kg and pour it onto a baking sheet, weigh it, write down the value obtained. After ego drying, send it back to the scales and weigh. Determine the moisture content according to the following formula: W = (m-m1) x m1 x 100. In this formula, m is the mass of natural moisture sand; m1 is the dry mass of sand, g.
3. Determination of the presence of organic impurities... In order to understand whether natural sand contains organic impurities, it is necessary to compare the colors of the alkaline solution above the sample with the material with the color of the standard.
4. Determination of the amount of dusty and clay components... To accomplish the task, it is necessary to use the soaking method, in which grains up to 0.05 mm in size take part. In this case, use the following formula: Potm = (m-m1) / m x 100. In this formula, m is the mass of dry sand before elutriation, g; m1 is the mass of dry sand after elutriation, g. Determination of grain size composition and size modulus. These tests are carried out using the method of sieving the material on standard set sieve.

Types of building material

Sand is a material that is a mixture of mineral components formed by the destruction of rocks. Taking into account the established standard, building sand is divided into two main types: first and second class.

If the material has a size model of 2-2.5 mm, then it is used in the manufacture of concrete or reinforced concrete structures. Material with a granule size of 1.5-2 mm is used in the course of producing bricks. And for the finest sand, there is also a field of application, which involves the manufacture of building mixtures. In order to pick up desired view sand you need to know what is.

All these types of building sand are regulated by the standard, but there are still other types of material that are classified according to indicators such as origin and use.

By mining method:

• career;
• river;
• nautical;
• quartz.

Where crushed stone of fraction 20 40 is used and what its GOST is, you can find out from this

Career

The presented material received this name because of its origin. It contains clay and stones, as a result of which the quarry sand did not receive wide application... It can be used when planning a site, pouring under concrete screeds.

To improve the quality characteristics of quarry sand, it must be rinsed with water directly at the mining site. Then he will be able to free himself from dusty granules and clay. The result is an alluvial material. It is allowed to be used when performing plastering and masonry mortar. Also, clay can be removed using a sieve using the usual sieving method.

It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of which sand is considered the best. After all, each of the materials presented is intended for specific work.

Sand is a very important material in the construction industry. Without it, it is impossible to build a foundation, lay walls and even prepare building mixtures. Thanks to such a large assortment, it is possible to choose the type of material that is ideal for carrying out certain works.

GOST 8736 is a standard that is supported and defined in most of the CIS countries... This standard only applies to natural, natural origin and the one that is obtained as a result of sand screening when crushing hard, rocks.

In the latter case, the true density is in the range of 2.0-2.8 g / cm. The purpose is to be used as a filler for heavy, light and other types of concrete. Used as a filler highways, construction of structures.

References to sand standards

Under the regulation some references to other GOSTs are used:

• GOST number 8267 93 - it contains standards for dense mountain rocks and work with crushed stone, gravel obtained in this way. White paper;
• GOST number 8269.0 97 - Crushed stone, which is obtained when working with hard rocks and secondary raw materials obtained from construction. Test calculations;
• GOST number 8735 88 - the use of sand in production, methods of testing;
• GOST number 30108 94 - the document defines the conditions for the specific type of radionuclides.

Definitions

Sand happens several types, for a qualitative understanding of the essence of the issue, you need to familiarize yourself with the main differences:

• natural sand. A material that has a free-flowing state, while it is inorganic. The grains reach a size of 5 mm. Sand is produced by the natural crushing of rocks. It is obtained by mining from sandy deposits or mixed with gravel;

• can be used special equipment for enrichment;
• crushed... The grain size does not differ and is less than 5 mm. It is made by man using special equipment of crushing and grinding type. Received by crushing rocks;

• fractional... This is a homogeneous sand that has been previously divided into 2 or more fractions. For this, special equipment for sifting is used;

• screenings from crushing. Product of inorganic origin, grain size up to 5 mm. It is obtained by sifting out the destroyed rocks of the mountains. It is a minor product in the production of crushed stone and some types of metals. Also obtained from some non-metallic minerals.

Technical requirements

Manufacturing is carried out in accordance with the standards of technical documentation, which are agreed with the company and the norms of technical legislation.

Sand is divided into 2 classes depending on the quality indicators of the material. The main indicators for division into categories are: the grain of the material and the amount of dust and clay impurities.

According to the grain composition, 2 categories are divided:

1. Class I - high quality material, the fraction ranges from coarse to fine;
2. Grade II - sand, which is of somewhat inferior quality, but has a greater variety of factions, down to the smallest. In this case, the thickness of the grain is also determined, the class includes thin and very thin.

Size module

The document regulates the difference in sand by the size modulus (Mc), the residual amounts of residues after filtering are also regulated, it can take the following indicators:

Prior agreement with the manufacturer may indicate that in class II sand, deviations from the normative data are permissible, but within 5%.

Also, the document determines the number of large grains and small, dusty ones. So, in order to comply with the standard, you need:

Specifications

The document strictly regulates the partial proportion of dusty lumps in the sand. Also the percentage of clay is determined.

Strength grade

Deviation in fine-grained material of the second class is allowed, but by prior agreement with the manufacturer and within 7%. sand has a dependence, especially in the screening type, on the resistance of the material.

The rocks of the metamorphic type differ significantly from the igneous ones. The minimum tensile strength for such types is 60 MPa, and for sedimentary types it is more than 40 MPa.

Standard characteristics are presented in the table:

At preliminary agreement of both parties to the contract, it is possible that the sand GOST 8736 will have differences (screening out when breaking) strength. Instead of a minimum threshold of 40 MPa, a decrease in this indicator is allowed, but still not lower than 20 MPa.

Sand to be filled, among other characteristics, must be resistant to impact chemical reaction for alkali. This is influenced by the composition of the sifting sand.

A necessary indicator is also sand, which allows you to assess the penetrating ability of the material.

The higher the value, the more qualitative characteristics it has. The lowest throughput brings the value closer to 0. A low indicator indicates a clay component, which may narrow the scope of use of sand.

The resistance of the sand is determined by the mineral composition, taking into account substances that harm the quality of the material.

In position A, GOST 8736 sand contains instructions on the types and possible components, impurities that are considered harmful. and the true density, filtration coefficient, grain components - sand made taking into account GOST 8736 93 must be kept individually by the manufacturer and indicated in the documents.

Natural quarry or mining

Sand and from screenings, which has a grain size higher than 2.8 g / cm or contains rocks, impurities with negative impact can have a limited number of applications.

When there are any deviations from the standards, then such sand has a narrow focus on undemanding areas of production. This is preliminarily regulated with specialized research centers.

Coarse for construction work

Building sand that has passed GOST 8736 93 is allowed to mix between natural type and screening sand. Mass fraction of the second type is not more than 20%.

The manufacturer is obliged to provide the buyer with complete information on geological exploration, which indicates: petrographic-mineral structure of the rock, the amount and type of organic matter, the compaction of grains, and voidness.

Medium-grained river

Natural river sand should have a reference color even when the material is treated with sodium. Radiation-hygienic assessment is carried out in special laboratories, where the level of natural radionuclides is determined.

Based on the estimated data, the conclusion is drawn about the scope of use sand:

• content less than 370 Bq / kg - the material is applicable for the construction of new buildings;
• the amount from 370 to 740 Bq / kg allows the use of sand as filling for highways, which are located within populated areas. Also allowed for use in the construction of enterprises;
• if the assessment showed 740-1500 Bq / kg - this is the least valuable type, used only for laying highways outside cities.

Sand GOST 8736 93 is cleaned of garbage, if possible, otherwise it is excluded from production.

For more information on the use of sand, see the video:

Rules for the reception of quartz, river and alluvial sand

River sand, alluvial sand and screenings during crushing must be assessed before shipment to the consumer and additional samples are taken upon delivery of the cargo. For this, special tests are carried out, the technical control service is responsible for the reception.

To maintain quality, acceptance control is carried out, as well as periodic testing and inspection of the condition of the rocks. Control is carried out within the enterprise once a day.

So samples are taken from each production line, then it is confirmed whether the sand is suitable for construction or whether it is suitable or there are some deviations from the norm.

When carrying out control comes to light:

• the composition of the grains;
• the presence of clay and its amount in pieces;
• the amount of dusty residues and clay components;
• lack of third-party impurities and debris.

Periodic monitoring is carried out in order to determine changes in rocks over a certain period of time:

• once every 3 months - the density of the embankment is determined, if necessary, a test is possible under certain humidity conditions. The presence of harmful, organic additives and their quantity are revealed;
• once a year or with a changing composition of the rock, it is necessary to check the density of the grains, the amount of minerals contained, mainly harmful. The strength grade and the effectiveness of radionuclides are determined.

Research on radionuclides cannot be performed within the enterprise, so the samples are taken to specialized research institutions. They must be accredited by supervisors.

During construction work, it is necessary to carry out various calculations related to consumption various materials... Go to see how many bags of cement are in 1 m3.

Plasterboard plating is the most common type of rough finish today. on how to glue drywall.

Currently, many people use penoplex, which is a type of foam, to insulate their structure. all information about applying plaster to penoplex.

If data on geological analysis are not available, then an assessment of radioactivity can be carried out immediately after extraction. An expressive version is used, based on the alluvium map. Sample preparation for examination is carried out on the basis of GOST 8735.

The material is sold in batches, so acceptance and delivery is made for all the material included in the batch.

When delivered by rail or by sea, a shipment is a simultaneous quantity of shipped cargo. Upon delivery, all material brought in a day is taken into account.

Why do you need a passport for sand GOST 8736 93

The consumer may require passport for sand GOST 8736 93 issued to the enterprise and technical documentation per party. To obtain information about the quality of the goods, samples should be taken, their quantity depends on the order:

• for a batch up to 350 m3, the number of samples is 10;
• orders of 350 - 700 m3 can be sampled 15 times;
• over 700 m3 should be sampled from 20 different locations.

The price per m3 of sand GOST 8736 93 is approximately 500 rubles, but the cost fluctuates greatly in accordance with the quality of the product, the distance of the quarry and the manufacturer's or intermediary's premium. So river sand GOST 8736 93 is somewhat more expensive than screening after crushing.

Also sand coarse-grained is somewhat cheaper, than the fine fraction and not every manufacturer divides the fraction.

Transport and storage

Sand can be transported in trains and ships, and does not need coating. In cars, transportation is carried out according to the approved standards of the enterprise itself.

The main condition for storing sand is a warehouse with a sufficient level of hygiene so that the sand does not get dirty.

Most of the transportation rules are standardized in the relevant requirements for railway transport and traffic rules.

V winter period time must be stored in a place that will prevent freezing of the material. The room is rarely heated because of the large ones, so the material is sometimes shoveled or processed with solutions that do not spoil the quality of the sand.

Conclusion

Natural sand, alluvial, construction or screening from rocks GOST 8736 93 regulates compliance with technical standards for use in construction. The main provisions of the decree are technical standards and product quality control.

GOST 8736-2014

Group W17

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Technical conditions

Sand for construction works. Specifications

ISS 91.100.15

Introduction date 2015-04-01

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for work on interstate standardization are established by the "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"

Information about the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Research and Design Institute for the Problems of Extraction, Transport and Processing of Mineral Raw Materials in Industry building materials"(FGUP" VNIPIistromsyr'e ")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (minutes of September 30, 2014 N 70-P)

4 By Order Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology of November 18, 2014 N 1641-st, the interstate standard GOST 8736-2014 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation from April 1, 2015.

5 REPLACE GOST 8736-93

Information on changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to natural sands with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm 3 and mixtures of natural sands and sands from crushing screenings intended for use as aggregates in heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, dry building mixtures, for the construction of foundations and coatings of highways and foundations of runways and aprons of airfields, roadsides, production of roofing and ceramic materials, reclamation, landscaping and planning of territories and other types of construction work. This standard does not apply to dense rock screenings.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

4.2.18 Sands should not contain foreign contaminants.

4.2.19 It is allowed to supply mixtures of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings in accordance with GOST 31424-2010 with a content of the latter not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, while the mixtures must comply with the requirements of this standard.

(Amendment. ICS N 10-2015).

It is allowed to supply mixtures of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings in accordance with GOST 31424-2010 with a content of the latter of more than 20% by weight, while the mixtures must comply with the requirements of GOST 31424-2010. Sand from crushing screenings in the composition of mixtures having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is produced for specific types of construction work according to regulatory and technical documents developed in established order and coordinated with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.

4.2.20 The manufacturer, at the request of the consumer, must indicate the following characteristics of sand, established by geological exploration: - mineralogical and petrographic composition, indicating rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities; - content of organic impurities; - true density of sand grains.

4.3 Radiation hygiene assessment The sands must be given a radiation-hygienic assessment, according to the results of which the area of ​​its application is established. Sand depending on the values ​​of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff apply:

A eff up to 370 Bq / kg - in newly constructed residential and public buildings;

A eff St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and zones of promising development, as well as during construction industrial buildings and structures;

A eff St. 740 to 1500 Bq / kg - in road construction outside populated areas. If necessary, national standards in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Sand, concentrated sand and graded sand must be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.

5.2 To verify that the quality of sand, concentrated and graded sands meets the requirements of this standard, acceptance control and periodic tests are carried out.

5.3 Acceptance control at the manufacturer is carried out on a daily basis by testing a combined removable sand sample, taken in accordance with. Acceptance control determines:

• grain composition;
• the content of dust and clay particles;
• clay content in lumps;
• the presence of contaminating impurities.

5.4 When periodic tests sands define:

once a quarter the bulk density (bulk density at humidity during shipment is determined if necessary) and the presence of organic impurities (humic substances);

once a year and with each change in the properties of the developed rock, the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

Periodic control of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in the established manner for the right to conduct gamma spectrometric tests or in radiation-metric laboratories of supervisory authorities. In the absence of geological exploration data on the radiation and hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the class of sands, the manufacturer conducts a radiation and hygienic assessment of the developed rock areas by the express method directly at the bottom or in the finished product warehouses (according to the alluvium map) in accordance with the requirements.

5.5 Acceptance and delivery of sand, concentrated sand and graded sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of sand specified in the supply agreement and simultaneously shipped to one consumer in one train or in one ship. When shipped by road, a batch is considered to be the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.

(Amendment. ICS N 10-2015).

5.6 Sampling and preparation of sand samples for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements.

5.7 The consumer, when checking the quality of sands, must apply the sampling procedure given in 5.8-5.11. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check for the grain composition, the content of dusty and clay particles and clay in lumps, the batch of sand is not accepted.

5.8 The number of incremental samples taken for control quality control of sands in each checked batch, depending on the batch size, should be at least:

with lot size	350 m 3	10;
	St. 350 to 700 m 3	15;
	St. 700 m 3	20.

From the spot samples, a consolidated sample is obtained that characterizes the lot to be controlled. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation are carried out according to.

5.9 To check the quality of sands shipped by rail, point samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the car, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples in accordance with 5.8. The cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five incremental samples are taken during unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.

If conveyor transport is not used for unloading, point samples are taken directly from the cars. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points.The sampling points should be located in the center and in the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling points should be not less than 0.5 m. Samples from the wells are taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the walls of the well.

5.10 For control check of the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships. When used for unloading belt conveyors, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the flow of sand on the conveyors. When unloading a vessel with grab cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as unloading proceeds directly from the newly formed sand surface in the vessel, and not from the holes.

For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and laid on the alluvium maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with paragraph 2.9.

5.11 For control check of the quality of sand shipped by road, point samples are taken when unloading vehicles.

Where belt conveyors are used for sand unloading, spot samples are taken from the sand stream on the conveyor. When unloading each vehicle, take one spot sample. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples according to 5.8. Vehicles are selected as directed by the customer. If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, sand samples are taken from each vehicle.

If conveyor transport is not used for unloading vehicles, point samples are taken directly from vehicles. The surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole 0.2-0.4 m deep is dug in the center of the body. A sand sample is taken from the hole with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.

5.12 The quantity of sand supplied is determined by volume or weight. Sand measurements are carried out in wagons, ships or cars.

Sand loaded in wagons or cars is weighed on a truck scale. The mass of sand shipped in ships is determined by the draft of the ship.

The amount of sand from units of mass to units of volume is recalculated according to the values ​​of the bulk density of sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply agreement indicates the calculated moisture content of the sand adopted by agreement of the parties.

5.13 The manufacturer must accompany each batch of supplied sands with a quality document, which indicates:

• manufacturer's name and address;
• number and date of issue of the document;
• the name and address of the consumer;
• batch number, name and quantity of material;
• invoice and vehicle numbers;
• grain size composition of sand, enriched sand;
• grain size composition of a mixture of fractions or the size of narrow fractions (for graded sand);
• the content of dusty and clay particles, clay in lumps;
• content of harmful components and impurities;
• the presence of contaminating impurities;
• bulk density and filtration coefficient (at the request of the consumer) in sand and refined sand;
• specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;
• designation of this standard.

6 Test methods

6.1 Sand tests are carried out according to.

6.2 The filtration coefficient of sand and concentrated sand used in road construction is determined by.

6.4 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined by.

6.5 The resistance of sands to the effects of harmful components and impurities is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Transport

7.1.1 Sand, enriched sand and graded sand are transported by rail, water and road transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for a particular type of transport.

7.1.2 Dry graded sand is transported in the form of individual fractions or their mixtures by specialized vehicles (cement trucks, capsules and other means of transportation that provide protection against moisture and ingress of contaminants). The permissible moisture content of the sand is set by the consumer, while the range of permissible moisture content should be within from 0.1% to 0.5% by weight, unless otherwise indicated in other regulatory documents.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Sand and enriched sand are stored at the manufacturer's and consumer's warehouse under conditions that protect them from contamination.

7.2.2 Dry graded sand should be stored in dry enclosed spaces or closed bins (silos), excluding the ingress of moisture and contaminants.

7.2.3 When shipping and storing sand and refined sand in winter time the manufacturer should take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing with special solutions, etc.).

Appendix A (mandatory). Permissible content of harmful components and impurities

The permissible content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concretes and mortars should not exceed the following values:

• amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - no more than 50 mmol / l;
• sulfur, sulfides, except pyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.), and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms of SO 3- no more than 1.0%; pyrite in terms of SO 3- no more than 4% by weight;
• mica - no more than 2% by weight;
• halide compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;
• coal - no more than 1% by weight;
• organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test by) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive results of testing sand in concrete or mortar for durability characteristics.

The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.

End of document

GOST 8736-93

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
FOR STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Institute VNIPIIstromsyr'e with the participation of SoyuzDorNII, NIIZhB, TsNIIOMTP of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and technical regulation in construction (MNTKS) November 10, 1993

State name	The name of the government building authority
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Azerbaijan Republic
Republic of Armenia	State Supraarchitecture of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Gosstroy of the Republic of Belarus
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Minarhstroy of the Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarkhitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 PUT INTO EFFECT from July 1, 1995 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 28, 1994 No. 18-29

4 REPLACE GOST 8736-85, GOST 26193-84

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SAND FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Technicalconditions

Sand for construction works.
Specifications

Introduction date 1995-07-01

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to natural sand and sand from screenings of crushing rocks with a true grain density of 2.0 to 2.8 g / cm 3, intended for use as aggregate for heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concretes, mortars, preparation of dry mixtures for the construction of bases and coatings of highways and airfields.

The requirements of this standard do not apply to graded and crushed sands.

The requirements of this standard set out in clauses,,,, sections and are mandatory.

2 REFERENCES

Throughout this standard, references are made to the following standards.

Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Physical and mechanical test methods

Sand for construction work. Test methods.

Building materials and products. Determination of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

(Modified edition. Amendment No. 2).

3 DEFINITIONS

The following terms are used in this standard.

Natural sand- inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, formed as a result of natural destruction of rocky rocks and obtained during the development of sand and sand and gravel deposits without the use or with the use of special processing equipment.

(Changed edition. Amendment No. 1).

Crushed sand- sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm, made from rocky rocks and gravel using special crushing and grinding equipment.

Fractionated sand - sand, divided into two or more fractions using special equipment.

Sand from crushing screenings - inorganic bulk material with a grain size of up to 5 mm, obtained from screenings of crushing rocks in the production of crushed stone and from ore dressing wastes of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals and other industries.

4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 The sand must be made in accordance with the requirements of this standard for the technological documentation approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Sand, depending on the values ​​of the standardized quality indicators (grain size composition, content of dust and clay particles), is divided into two classes.

4.3 Basic parameters and dimensions

4.3.1 Depending on the grain size composition, sand is divided into groups by size:

I class - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased size, coarse, medium and fine;

Class II - very coarse (sand from crushing screenings), increased coarseness, coarse, medium, fine, very fine, fine and very fine.

4.3.2 Each group of sand is characterized by the size modulus value indicated in the table.

Table 1

	Size module Mk
Very large	St. 3.5
Increased size	"3.0 to 3.5
Large	"2.5" 3.0
Average	"2.0" 2.5
Small	"1.5" 2.0
Very small	"1.0" 1.5
Thin	"0.7" 1.0
Very thin	Up to 0.7

4.3.3 The total remainder of sand on a sieve with a mesh No. 063 must correspond to the values ​​indicated in the table.

table 2

Percentage by weight

	Total residue on sieve No. 063
Very large	St. 75
Increased size	"65 to 75
Large	"45" 65
Average	"30" 45
Small	"10" 30
Very small	To 10
Thin	Not standardized
Very thin	»»
Note - By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, in sand of class II, a deviation of the total residue on sieve No. 063 from the above is allowed, but not more than ± 5%.

4.3.4 Content of grains with a particle size of St. 10, 5 and less than 0.16 mm should not exceed the values ​​indicated in the table.

Table 3

In percent by weight, no more

	St. 10 mm	St. 5 mm	Less than 0.15mm
Class I
Small
Class II
Very coarse and oversized
Large and medium
Small and very small
Slim and very thin	Not allowed		Not standardized

4.4Specifications

in natural sand

in the sand from crushing screenings

in natural sand

in the sand from crushing screenings

Class I

Very large

0,35

Increased size. large and medium

0,25

0,35

Small

0,35

0,50

Class II

Very large

Oversized, large and medium

Small and very small

Slim and very thin

Not standardized

0,1*

Note - In very fine natural sand of class II, by agreement with the consumer, the content of dusty and clay particles up to 7% by weight is allowed.

* For sands obtained by dressing ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals of other industries.

4.4.2 Sands from crushing screenings, depending on the strength of rock and gravel, are divided into grades. Igneous and metamorphic rocks must have a compressive strength of at least 60 MPa, sedimentary rocks - at least 40 MPa.

The strength grade of sand from the crushing screenings must correspond to that indicated in the table.

Table 5

	Compressive strength of rock in saturated with water condition, MPa, not less	Gravel grade by crushing in a cylinder
1400
1200
1000		Dr8
		Dr12
		Dr16
		Dr24
Note - It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the supply of sandII from sedimentary rocks with a compressive strength less than 40 MPa, but not less than 20 MPa.

Resistance of sand is determined by the mineralogical and petrographic composition and the content of harmful components and impurities. The list of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities, and their maximum permissible content are given in the appendix.

4.4.4 Sand from rock crushing screenings, having a true grain density of more than 2.8 g / cm 3 or containing grains of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components, in an amount exceeding their permissible content, or containing several different harmful components, is released for specific types of construction work according to technical documents developed in accordance with the established procedure and agreed with laboratories specialized in the field of corrosion.

4.4.5 It is allowed to supply a mixture of natural sand and sand from crushing screenings with a content of the latter of at least 20% by weight, while the amount of the mixture must meet the requirements of this standard for the quality of sand from crushing screenings.

4.4.6 The manufacturer must inform the consumer of the following characteristics established by geological exploration:

Mineral and petrographic composition, indicating rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities;

Emptiness;

The true density of the sand grains.

At A eff up to 370 Bq / kg - in newly constructed residential and public buildings;

At A eff St. 370 to 740 Bq / kg - for road construction within the territory of settlements and areas of prospective development, as well as for the construction of industrial buildings and structures;

At A eff St. 740 to 1500 Bq / kg - in road construction on stumps of settlements.

If necessary, in the national standards in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above.

(Changed edition. Amendments No. 1, 2).

4.4.9 The sand should not contain foreign contaminants.

5 RULES OF ACCEPTANCE

5.1 The sand should be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control service.

5.2 To verify that the quality of the sand meets the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

5.3 Acceptance tests at the manufacturing plant are carried out daily by testing one removable sample taken from each technological line.

Acceptance control determines:

Grain composition;

Once a quarter - bulk density (bulk density at humidity during shipment is determined as required), as well as the presence of organic impurities (humic substances) in natural sand;

Once a year and in each case of changes in the properties of the developed rock - the true density of grains, the content of rocks and minerals attributed to harmful components and impurities, the strength grade of sand from crushing screenings, the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides.

Periodic control of the indicator of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is carried out in specialized laboratories accredited in the established manner for the right to conduct gamma spectrometric tests or in radiation-measuring laboratories of supervisory authorities.

In the absence of geological exploration data on the radiation-hygienic assessment of the deposit and the conclusion on the class of sand, the manufacturer conducts a radiation-hygienic assessment of the developed rock areas by the express method directly at the bottom or at the finished product warehouses (reclamation map) in accordance with the requirements.

5.5 Sampling and preparation of sand samples for quality control at the manufacturer is carried out in accordance with the requirements.

5.6 Delivery and acceptance of sand is carried out in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of material simultaneously supplied to one consumer in one train or in one vessel. When shipped by road, a batch is considered to be the amount of sand shipped to one consumer during the day.

5.7 The consumer, when checking the quality of sand, must apply the sampling procedure given in -. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control check for the grain composition and the content of dust and clay particles, the batch of sand is not accepted.

Lot size Number of spot samples

Up to 350 m ............................................... ...................................ten

St. 350 to 700 m ............................................ ..........................15

St. 700 m .............................................. ....................................ten

From the spot samples, a consolidated sample is formed that characterizes the lot to be controlled. Averaging, reduction and sample preparation are carried out according to.

5.9 To check the quality of sand shipped by rail, spot samples are taken when unloading cars from the flow of sand on belt conveyors used to transport it to the consumer's warehouse. When unloading the car, five point samples are taken at regular intervals. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples in accordance with.

The cars are selected at the direction of the consumer. If the batch consists of one wagon, five incremental samples are taken during unloading, from which a combined sample is obtained.

If continuous transport is not used during unloading, point samples are taken directly from the wagons. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled and holes 0.2-0.4 m deep are dug at the sampling points.The sampling points should be located in the center and in the four corners of the car, while the distance from the sides of the car to the sampling points should be not less than 0.5 m. Samples from the wells are taken with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the walls of the well.

5.10 For control check of the quality of sand supplied by water transport, point samples are taken when unloading ships. When used for unloading belt conveyors, spot samples are taken at regular intervals from the flow of sand on the conveyors. When unloading a vessel with grab cranes, spot samples are taken with a scoop at regular intervals as unloading proceeds directly from the newly formed sand surface in the vessel, and not from the holes.

For a control check of sand unloaded from ships and laid on the alluvium maps by hydromechanization, point samples are taken in accordance with 2.9.

Where belt conveyors are used for sand unloading, spot samples are taken from the sand stream on the conveyors. When unloading each vehicle, take one spot sample. The number of cars is determined taking into account the receipt of the required number of spot samples by. Cars are chosen at the direction of the consumer.

If the batch consists of less than ten vehicles, sand samples are taken from each vehicle.

If conveyor transport is not used for unloading vehicles, point samples are taken directly from vehicles. To do this, the surface of the sand in the car is leveled, a hole 0.2-0.4 m deep is dug in the center of the body. A sand sample is taken from the hole with a scoop, moving it from bottom to top along the wall of the hole.

5.12 The quantity of sand supplied is determined by volume or weight. Sand measurements are carried out in wagons, ships or cars.

Sand loaded in wagons or cars is weighed on a truck scale. The mass of sand shipped in ships is determined by the draft of the ship.

The amount of sand from units of mass to units of volume is recalculated according to the values ​​of the bulk density of sand, determined at its moisture content during shipment. The supply agreement indicates the calculated moisture content of the sand adopted by agreement of the parties.

5.13 The manufacturer is obliged to accompany each batch of supplied sand with a document on its quality of the established form, which must indicate:

Manufacturer's name and address; GOST 8735.

6.2 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in the sand is determined by.

7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

7.1 Sand is transported in open railway wagons and ships, as well as cars in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods by the appropriate mode of transport approved in accordance with the established procedure and stored at the manufacturer's and consumer's warehouse in conditions that protect sand from contamination.

When transporting sand by rail, the requirements of the Technical Conditions for Loading and Securing Cargo, approved by the Ministry of Railways, must also be met.

7.2 When shipping and storing sand in winter, the manufacturer must take measures to prevent freezing (shoveling, processing with special solutions, etc.).

APPENDIX A

(required)

The permissible content of rocks and minerals classified as harmful components and impurities in sand used as aggregate for concretes and mortars should not exceed the following values:

Amorphous varieties of silicon dioxide, soluble in alkalis (chalcedony, opal, flint, etc.) - no more than 50 mmol / l;

Sulfur, sulfides, except pyrite (marcasite, pyrrhotite, etc.) and sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.) in terms of SO 3 - no more than 1.0%, pyrite in terms of SO 3 - no more than 4% by weight;

Mica - no more than 2% by weight:

Galloidal compounds (halite, sylvin, etc.), including water-soluble chlorides, in terms of chlorine ion - no more than 0.15% by weight;

Coal - no more than 1% by weight;

Organic impurities (humic acids) - less than the amount that gives the sodium hydroxide solution (colorimetric test by) a color corresponding to the color of the standard or darker than this color. The use of sand that does not meet this requirement is allowed only after obtaining positive results of testing sand in concrete or mortar for durability characteristics.

The permissible content of zeolite, graphite, oil shale is established on the basis of studies of the effect of sand on the durability of concrete or mortar.

APPENDIX B

(informational)

(Deleted. Amendment No. 2).

Keywords:natural sand, construction work, sand from crushing screenings, graded sand, crushed sand, grain size composition