The use of electric water heaters is the most in a convenient way solving the problem of the lack of hot water supply in an apartment or in a country house.

Video review - Storage water heater.

By the way of heating water electric water heaters are divided into two groups:

Usage instantaneous water heaters in which cold water passing through pipe with heating element, comes out of it already hot, somewhat problematic. First of all, because of the power they consume. This is about 5-8 kW. Not every home's wiring is capable of withstanding this power.

The use of electric water heaters of a capacitive or storage type will become much more rational. Exist wide range such water heaters, the capacity of which ranges from 5 to 150 liters.

Just like a water heater flow type, has a heating element (ten). Teng heats the water to the desired temperature and turns off. When the temperature of the heated water decreases slightly, the heating element turns on again and heats up the cooled water. In order to reduce heat loss between the outer casing and the tank (tank), a thermal insulation layer made of solid foam.

An important factor in choosing a storage water heater will be the fact that the power of such a device is located in the area 2 kW... Homeowners will not need to worry about wiring. Water heating is carried out slowly, over several hours, but with such a gentle mode of use, energy consumption becomes much less.

Before buying a DHW cylinder, you should decide how much hot water required for use in this dwelling. Accordingly, the more water you need, the larger the capacity of the water heater you should buy. As, by installing a water heater small volume, the owners will force their appliance to work without rest, which will increase electricity consumption and significant wear and tear of water heating elements.

If there are two or more in the dwelling plumbing riser, it would be more expedient to install two or even several water heaters with different tank capacities. For example, in the kitchen, where the water consumption is much less than on the riser in the bathroom, it is worth installing DHW cylinder with a volume of 10 to 30 liters... But when installing a water heater for a bathroom, it is necessary to take into account how many people will use it. hot water and how much of it is required for this. For a large family, a DHW cylinder with a tank volume of 80 to 150 liters or more is best suited.

A little about the design of the DHW cylinder

Basically inner surface Most electric water heaters are made of steel coated with a protective enamel layer. This is enough durable material with good anti-corrosion properties, non-toxic, impact resistant chemical substances... Installed inside the tank anticorrosive anode extending the service life of metal parts.

In regions with hard water, there is a possibility of rapid formation limescale inside the tank. To avoid this unpleasant phenomenon, before installing a DHW cylinder, the water supply unit should be equipped with filtering units. If this is not possible, the tank is periodically cleaned from lime deposits.

Equipment

The price includes a delivery set: thermal insulation in a practical PVC or ABS plastic casing, one or several heating elements (Austria, Poland). You can also purchase an additional compatible kit to equip the water heater. The price list is available at the link: additional equipment ›.

Thermal insulation, which is equipped with water heaters, serves to reduce heat loss and reduce energy consumption to maintain the temperature of the water inside the tank at a given level. The heater is supplied complete with a casing and thermal insulation, except for models with a volume of 4000 liters or more. Thermal insulation, if necessary, can be easily dismantled and mounted to carry the device through the doors and mounting windows... Electrotherm products are supplied with two types of insulation: polyurethane foam in a soft PVC fabric jacket or polyester in a hard ABS plastic jacket.

By special order, it is possible to manufacture a water heater of any volume in the range from 600 to 10,000 liters. At your request, the consultants will select a sufficient volume and capacity of the water heater, based on the estimated hot water consumption at the facility.

In addition, at the request of the customer, additions and changes can be made to the design of the water heater, for example: overall dimensions, changing the location of the nozzles, increasing the working pressure and electrical power.

You can learn more about the development of a custom-made water heater.

Application and features

Electric water heater Electrotherm 1000 E is a heat-insulated sealed tank in which water is heated using one or more electric heating elements made of heat-resistant stainless steel. The heating elements are equipped with thermostats and allow you to regulate the temperature of water heating. Also, heating elements are equipped with emergency temperature sensors that protect the water heater from overheating. Structurally, the water heater allows you to organize the recirculation of hot water in the DHW system.

Industrial electric water heaters are used for hot water supply (DHW) systems of municipal and commercial facilities that have a need for a large number hot water: hotels, schools, kindergartens, hypermarkets, sports complexes, factories, etc. Water heaters are used as the main or as backup source hot water supply.

The performance of electric water heaters depends on their volume and electrical power. The volume of standard electric water heaters of the E series ranges from 600 to 10,000 liters as standard. The power of the water heater, in standard models, ranges from 4.5 to 90 kW. By special order, the volume and capacity of the water heater can be changed up or down.

The inner tank of the product is made of high quality of stainless steel AISI 321 or high-strength, ceramic-coated structural steel and is designed to withstand excessive internal pressure.

HONEST CAPACITY: unlike a number of other manufacturers, the capacity of the internal tank is not underestimated in Electrotherm electric water heaters. This means that in the 1000 E model the actual capacity is 1000 liters. At the same time, models of a number of other manufacturers

(both Russian and European) labeled xx1000 may actually have a smaller capacity, for example 700-800 liters. Thus, manufacturers seek an apparent reduction in the cost of production, although in fact they reduce the real performance of water heaters.

Differences between types of internal Electrotherm tanks

Inner tank made of coated high strength structural steel

Steel thickness from 3 mm, inner cover consists of ceramics with special components. The coating reliably protects the inner tank from corrosion and is resistant to deformation. Coated water heaters are used for heating and storage drinking water, water for sanitary needs (showers, laundries, swimming pools, etc.) and water for technical needs, which is confirmed by the relevant expert opinion.

Outside, the tank is covered with a special paint, which has water-repellent properties, serves to protect the tank from aggressive effects the environment and from external mechanical damage during transportation and connection.

Steel thickness from 3 mm, containers with a tank made of structural steel are used in closed systems heating as a heat accumulator ( buffer tank) and in ventilation systems as a cold accumulator. The outside of the tank is covered with a special paint that has water-repellent properties, serves to protect against external influence corrosion, and external mechanical damage during transportation and connection.

Interesting fact: The exterior paint is from the same manufacturer as the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.

Inner tank made of stainless steel

Stainless steel water heaters are used to heat and store drinking water, sanitary water (showers, laundries, swimming pools, etc.) and industrial water. For manufacturing, stainless steel of European production (France, Finland) of the AISI 321 brand with the addition of titanium is used. it has better anti-corrosion properties than the traditional AISI 304 and AISI 304L steels.

Why the country of steel production is important: the properties of stainless steel are determined by the content of alloying additives (mostly chromium and nickel), which give the steel anti-corrosion properties. In European steel, the content of alloying additives is higher, and the steel has stronger anticorrosive properties, in comparison with some types of Russian steel, where the minimum amount of alloying additives at the lower limit of the standard is used to reduce the cost.

Every produced water heater is tested. The test pressure is up to x2 of the rated working pressure. This means that water heaters with an operating pressure of 6 bar are tested at a pressure of 12 bar, which confirms the exceptional reliability and quality of the equipment.

The high reliability of Electrotherm water heaters is due to the careful selection of materials and the use of welding equipment and original filler materials from leading European concerns.

You can learn more about the advantages of Electrotherm products.

When hot water is turned off, residents of city apartments have to solve the issue of preparing hot water for household and hygienic needs.

Of course, you can heat buckets of water for gas stove or douche cold water... But, you must admit, such a prospect will please very few people. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is better to install an electric water heater that can provide you with a supply of hot water.

In a previous publication, we talked about which water heater to choose - instantaneous or storage?

If you have no desire to pull the cable from the electrical panel on the site to connect flow heater, it is better to buy a capacitive type water heater.

Let's talk today about the choice of a capacitive heater - what they are in design and volume, what to look for when buying a heater in a store.

Let's see how it works storage water heater to understand how it works.

The diagram of the water heater is shown in the figure below:

In the figure, numbers indicate:
1 – electrical cable to the electric heating element; 2 - supply pipe cold water to the heater; 3 - hot water outlet pipe; 4 - heating element (TEN); 5 - thermostat; 6 - magnesium anode; 7 - water heating temperature regulator; 8 - tank; 9 - thermal insulation; 10 - outer cover of the water heater.

A video about storage water heaters is presented below:

Characteristics of storage water heaters

Before choosing a water heater in a store, you should decide on the main characteristics that meet your needs.

Let's look at the main characteristics of tank type water heaters.

Tank capacity

One of the most basic characteristics of a storage heater is its tank volume.

On sale you can find heaters of various sizes from 30 to 500 liters.

For use in an apartment, water heaters with a capacity of 50 to 100 liters are usually purchased. Read about the choice of the required volume below.

Electric power

No less important characteristic is an electric power heater. It will depend on its value whether you can plug it into a regular outlet or you will have to lay from the shield to staircase a special electric cable for connecting the water heater to the mains.

The sockets in the apartment are designed to connect a load not exceeding 2 kW. Therefore, be sure to check the power of the heating element before purchasing a water heater.

It should be remembered that the lower the electric power of the heater, the longer you will have to wait for the next portion of water to heat up.

Heating time of water to a certain temperature

This characteristic directly depends on the previous indicator. The more powerful the heating element installed in the heater tank, the less time you will have to wait until the water warms up.

The lower its power, the longer it will have to wait until you can use hot water.

Geometric parameters

Today in stores you can find storage water heaters of various shapes, which allows you to choose a device of the required volume for any design and for different options placement.

Water heaters are available in both cylindrical shape and flattened configuration, the so-called "slimy", which can be easier to fit into the interior of the bathroom.

The water heater can be placed above the toilet in a mixed bathroom or above washing machine... This arrangement will allow the most economical use of the available free space in the bathroom.

Often when free place in the bathroom is very limited, water heaters are taken out to the kitchen. In this case, a small-volume water heater can be easily mounted under kitchen sink so that he does not violate general interior premises.

Most often, vertical water heaters are purchased, allowing them to fit into the interior most organically.

A vertical water heater can be placed above a bathtub, washing machine, washbasin or above the toilet - that is, where something has already been installed on the floor.

Horizontal water heater

But sometimes it will be advisable to take a closer look at the purchase of an electric water heater with a horizontal orientation.

The horizontal water heater can be mounted above the shower stall.

Flat storage water heaters

For a small city bathroom, water heaters are best suited flat type(slim).

Due to their low thickness, it is much easier to place them organically in the bathroom than round barrels.

How much water heater to choose?

The volume of the water heater should be selected based on the number of family members and their needs.

If the heater will be used for washing hands before meals and for hygiene procedures in the morning and in the evening, then a minimum volume water heater (10-15 liters) will be enough.

If, in addition, it is supposed to take a shower or a small wash, of course, the volume should be larger.

It is generally accepted that it is enough for one person to purchase a water heater with a volume of 30-50 liters. Such a water heater will not only allow you to wash the dishes or rinse your hands before eating, but also take a shower or arrange a small wash.

For a family of two, a water heater with a tank volume of 50-80 liters will be enough. This is enough to take turns shower or take a bath.

For a family of 3 (with a child), you should focus on the capacity of the water heater 80-120 liters. The optimal volume is 100 liters. This is quite enough for parents to take a shower, as well as collect a bath for washing the baby.

If there are more than three people in the family, the electric storage water heater must be at least 100 liters (from 100 to 200 liters).

In general, to select the capacity of the water heater, you can refer to the table below:

Storage tank volume selection table

Which storage water heater is better?

When choosing, you should first of all give preference to water heaters famous brands already on the market for a long time and well-proven.

Water heaters Ariston, Electrolux, AEG, Bosh, Thermex, Stiebel, Gorenje they are very reliable in operation, have high-quality assembly and a long service life.

Prices for DHW cylinders

Prices for water heaters of capacitive type fluctuate depending on the brand of the manufacturer and on the volume of the tank.

The most low price have small volume water heaters. So, water heaters Haier, Elsotherm, Atmor, Thermex a volume of 8-10 liters can be purchased for 2500-2900 rubles.

Water heaters with a tank from 15 to 30 liters will cost 3000-3500 rubles. per not expensive models. Ariston the same capacity will cost around 4,300 rubles.

From 3800 rubles, you can purchase water heaters with a capacity of 50 liters, and 80-liter models will cost from 4090 rubles ( De Luxe W80V), 4290 p. ( Haier ES75-A1).

More expensive models can cost from 15-20 thousand rubles. up to 40 thousand rubles (Stiebel).

***
Now you know what to look for when choosing an electric storage water heater.

In the next article, we will talk about how to connect a storage water heater to the water supply system, and also consider connecting the heater to the mains.

Global trends in the field of engineering communications in recent decades are increasingly tending towards maximum decentralization. Preparation of everything necessary for a comfortable life or a full-fledged production process directly at the place of consumption is an important component of resource-saving nature management. As an energy source, the most convenient option is electricity. The advantages of electric water heating include:

• accessibility - electricity is now connected to almost every building, including remote villages and summer country houses;
• simplicity - electricity has already become such a familiar attribute of our Everyday life that no new skills are required from the user to operate a new electrical appliance;
• environmental friendliness - there are quite fierce debates about the environmental cleanliness of electricity, because, indeed, during the production of electricity, damage to the environment is still caused, but the meaning of environmental friendliness of electricity consumption lies in the fact that air pollution does not occur in a metropolis, where the air is already heavily gassed , while away from him;
• safety - for the installation of a domestic electric storage-type water heater, no additional permits are usually required, the installation and operation of a serviceable boiler does not pose a threat to the user's life, its capacity does not create an additional excessive load on the communal power grid, and the water heater practically does not require maintenance, and safety measures are not more complicated than when heating the kettle.

For individual water consumption, water heaters designed for wall mounting, with a capacity of up to 200 liters. Hot water in everyday life is usually required less than you might think. After all, the water in the container can be heated to much more high temperatures than required, and then mix with cold water. It is convenient to make any calculations for a storage water heater according to the general formulas (1) and (2):

Q = cμmix (tmix - tcold), (1)

where Q is the energy that must be expended to heat water, J; c - specific heat capacity of water, which at 10 ° C is 4.192 kJ / (kg⋅ ° C); μsmesh - mass of heated water, kg; tsmesh - required temperature heated water; tchol - the temperature of the heated water. For simplicity of calculations specific heat water is usually taken equal to 4.2 kJ / (kg⋅ ° C), and the mass of water μ is numerically equated to its volume V in liters (μ = ρV, where ρ is the density of water, which at 10 ° C is equal to 0.99973 g / cm3); Q = P τ, where P is the required power for heating a given volume of water by the specified temperature difference, kW; τ - heating time, s. Since not boiling water is required, but diluted water, we use the expression derived from formula (1):

cμhot (tmix - thot) + cμcold (tmix - tcold) = 0, (3)

where μgor is the mass of hot water in the boiler; thot is the temperature of hot water in the boiler. Having performed calculations according to these formulas, taking into account the possibility of setting the value of tgr up to 85 ° C, we obtain the required volume usually within 100 liters. So, a wall-mounted electric capacitive (storage) water heater or boiler is designed to accumulate a certain supply of water, followed by heating it to a predetermined temperature and maintaining it in order to distribute it through the hot water supply (DHW) system.

Cold water enters the bottom of the water heater. In order to prevent the flow of incoming water from mixing with the heated one, a variety of diffusers are used to help distribute water along the bottom of the tank. The heated water rises upward under the action of convection forces, displacing the cold layers. This is how it goes natural circulation water. After heating the entire volume of water to the desired temperature, the heating is turned off.

The water heating tank is made of steel or stainless steel. In the first case, it needs additional protection against corrosion, which is provided by a special enamel. Manufacturers keep the composition of the enamel and the method of its manufacture secret, giving only general information about the name of the technology and the temperature of application. For stainless boilers important role quality plays welds... Of the manufacturers presented in the review, stainless models are available: Ariston (ABS Platinum), Timberk (FS, RS), Thermex (Flat, Diamond).

Ariston uses Tungsten TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) TIG welding. Argon practically does not enter into chemical interactions with molten metal and other gases in the arc-burning zone. Being 38% heavier than air, argon displaces it from the weld zone and reliably insulates the weld pool from contact with the atmosphere. Thermex chose Japanese technology welding of stainless steel G.5, where welding is performed by an electron beam in a vacuum field.

This type of welding is most widely used in the aerospace industry, where quality and reliability play a key role. G.5 welding technology does not violate the structure of stainless steel and retains alloying additives, which maintains a high degree of corrosion resistance of welded joints of water heaters. There are also so-called "non-pressure models" on the market, in which the water heating tank is made of plastic.

NS The operation of such a water heater imposes certain restrictions on the operating parameters. In particular, they can only be used with special tap fittings and only for one tap. The advantages of such tanks are the absence of corrosion and low weight. The water heating tank is usually located vertically and has a round or square outer section of the lining.

But some manufacturers include narrow (Ariston, AEG, Stiebel Eltron, Nibe, Thermex), flat (Gorenje, Austria Email, Ariston) and even horizontal models (Nibe, Timberk, Gorenje, Ariston) for installation in conditions limited space... Heating is carried out using an electric heating element located in the lower part of the tank. There are also fittings for filling and water intake.

In horizontal and universal tanks, the heating element sometimes starts from the side, but this constructive solution less preferable, since it does not correspond to the direction of natural convection, therefore, a subcooling zone may arise in the depth of the tank, where bacteria will begin to multiply. The heating element is one or more. In the latter case, it is possible to activate the accelerated heating option, which allows one to increase the power of the heating element (Ariston, Thermex).

In previous years design the heating group in all types of wall-mounted boilers was "wet", that is, the heating element and the tube with the temperature sensor were always located inside the tank itself. This imposed certain restrictions on the quality of the water, in particular, its hardness. Since the temperature of the heating element is much higher than the ambient temperature, limescale deposits are the first to occur.

And the replacement or prevention of heating elements required a complete emptying of the boiler. Now some manufacturers use "dry heating elements" in their tanks, located under the bottom of the water heating tank, which can be dismantled at any time. Some modern water heaters are equipped with a digital display with electronic control of the water temperature, even programmable (Ariston, Gorenje, Thermex). The color of the water heater is usually white. But not necessarily. The market is actively conquered by models of boilers in black and metallic colors (Timberk, Gorenje, Thermex).

Electric capacitive water heaters

To store hot water and use it for different needs there are mainly 2 types of devices: electric capacitive water heaters and gas. The first are used where there are no nearby gas mains, but are laid Electricity of the net... Despite the fact that the cost of hot water heated in gas boiler, 3-5 times cheaper than heated in an electric capacitive heater, this often has to be done, since in many cases it is impossible to carry out most technological processes, if it is a production, or it is just comfortable to exist, if it is household buildings and structures.

The principle of operation of an electric water heater is to transfer heat generated when passing through a heating element placed in a container with water, electric current. Heating element transfers this heat to the surrounding water by conduction (contact). The temperature of the water in a DHW cylinder depends on its capacity: the higher the capacity, the faster the water heats up and the more volume can be heated per unit of time.

Thus, capacitive electric water heaters are one of the simplest in their design and principle of operation, available in terms of preparation for use (you only need electric socket), but quite expensive in terms of the cost of heating a unit volume of water.